rubygems-update 3.1.6 → 3.3.22

data/test/rubygems/test_gem.rb

@@ -1,27 +1,16 @@
 # coding: US-ASCII
-require 'rubygems/test_case'
-require 'rubygems'
-require 'rubygems/command'
-require 'rubygems/installer'
-require 'pathname'
-require 'tmpdir'
-require 'rbconfig'
-
-if File.exist?(File.join(Dir.tmpdir, "Gemfile"))
-  raise "rubygems/bundler tests do not work correctly if there is #{ File.join(Dir.tmpdir, "Gemfile") }"
-end
-
-# TODO: push this up to test_case.rb once battle tested
-
-$LOAD_PATH.map! do |path|
-  path.dup.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)
-end
+require_relative "helper"
+require "rubygems"
+require "rubygems/command"
+require "rubygems/installer"
+require "pathname"
+require "tmpdir"
+require "rbconfig"
 
 class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
-
   PLUGINS_LOADED = [] # rubocop:disable Style/MutableConstant
 
-  PROJECT_DIR = File.expand_path('../../..', __FILE__).tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)
+  PROJECT_DIR = File.expand_path("../..", __dir__).tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)
 
   def setup
     super
@@ -30,111 +19,104 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
     common_installer_setup
 
-    ENV.delete 'RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'
-    @additional = %w[a b].map { |d| File.join @tempdir, d }
+    @additional = %w[a b].map {|d| File.join @tempdir, d }
 
     util_remove_interrupt_command
   end
 
   def test_self_finish_resolve
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
 
-      install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+    install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
+    a1.activate
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      Gem.finish_resolve
+    Gem.finish_resolve
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-2), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_self_finish_resolve_wtf
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0", "d" => "> 0"    # this
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", { "c" => ">= 1" }, "lib/b.rb" # this
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", { "c" => ">= 2" }, "lib/b.rb"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1"                                # this
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
-      d1 = util_spec "d", "1", { "c" => "< 2" },  "lib/d.rb"
-      d2 = util_spec "d", "2", { "c" => "< 2" },  "lib/d.rb" # this
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0", "d" => "> 0"    # this
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", { "c" => ">= 1" }, "lib/b.rb" # this
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", { "c" => ">= 2" }, "lib/b.rb"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"                                # this
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
+    d1 = util_spec "d", "1", { "c" => "< 2" },  "lib/d.rb"
+    d2 = util_spec "d", "2", { "c" => "< 2" },  "lib/d.rb" # this
 
-      install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, d1, d2, a1
+    install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, d1, d2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
+    a1.activate
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)", "d (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)", "d (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      Gem.finish_resolve
+    Gem.finish_resolve
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-1 c-1 d-2), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-1 c-1 d-2], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_self_finish_resolve_respects_loaded_specs
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
-      b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
-      b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
-      c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
-      c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", "b" => "> 0"
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => ">= 1"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2", "c" => ">= 2"
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
 
-      install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
+    install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
-      a1.activate
-      c1.activate
+    a1.activate
+    c1.activate
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 c-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 c-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal ["b (> 0)"], unresolved_names
 
-      Gem.finish_resolve
+    Gem.finish_resolve
 
-      assert_equal %w(a-1 b-1 c-1), loaded_spec_names
-      assert_equal [], unresolved_names
-    end
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-1 c-1], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal [], unresolved_names
   end
 
   def test_self_install
     spec_fetcher do |f|
-      f.gem  'a', 1
-      f.spec 'a', 2
+      f.gem  "a", 1
+      f.spec "a", 2
     end
 
     gemhome2 = "#{@gemhome}2"
 
-    installed = Gem.install 'a', '= 1', :install_dir => gemhome2
+    installed = Gem.install "a", "= 1", :install_dir => gemhome2
 
-    assert_equal %w[a-1], installed.map { |spec| spec.full_name }
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], installed.map {|spec| spec.full_name }
 
-    assert_path_exists File.join(gemhome2, 'gems', 'a-1')
+    assert_path_exist File.join(gemhome2, "gems", "a-1")
   end
 
   def test_self_install_in_rescue
     spec_fetcher do |f|
-      f.gem  'a', 1
-      f.spec 'a', 2
+      f.gem  "a", 1
+      f.spec "a", 2
     end
 
     gemhome2 = "#{@gemhome}2"
 
     installed =
       begin
-        raise 'Error'
+        raise "Error"
       rescue StandardError
-        Gem.install 'a', '= 1', :install_dir => gemhome2
+        Gem.install "a", "= 1", :install_dir => gemhome2
       end
-    assert_equal %w[a-1], installed.map { |spec| spec.full_name }
+    assert_equal %w[a-1], installed.map {|spec| spec.full_name }
   end
 
   def test_self_install_permissions
@@ -161,7 +143,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
   def test_self_install_permissions_with_format_executable_and_non_standard_ruby_install_name
     Gem::Installer.exec_format = nil
-    ruby_install_name 'ruby27' do
+    ruby_install_name "ruby27" do
       assert_self_install_permissions(format_executable: true)
     end
   ensure
@@ -175,38 +157,38 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
       :prog_mode => win_platform? ? 0410 : 0510,
       :data_mode => 0640,
       :wrappers => true,
-      :format_executable => format_executable
+      :format_executable => format_executable,
     }
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      Dir.mkdir 'bin'
-      Dir.mkdir 'data'
+      Dir.mkdir "bin"
+      Dir.mkdir "data"
 
-      File.write 'bin/foo', "#!/usr/bin/env ruby\n"
-      File.chmod 0755, 'bin/foo'
+      File.write "bin/foo", "#!/usr/bin/env ruby\n"
+      File.chmod 0755, "bin/foo"
 
-      File.write 'data/foo.txt', "blah\n"
+      File.write "data/foo.txt", "blah\n"
 
       spec_fetcher do |f|
-        f.gem 'foo', 1 do |s|
-          s.executables = ['foo']
+        f.gem "foo", 1 do |s|
+          s.executables = ["foo"]
           s.files = %w[bin/foo data/foo.txt]
         end
       end
-      Gem.install 'foo', Gem::Requirement.default, options
+      Gem.install "foo", Gem::Requirement.default, options
     end
 
     prog_mode = (options[:prog_mode] & mask).to_s(8)
     dir_mode = (options[:dir_mode] & mask).to_s(8)
     data_mode = (options[:data_mode] & mask).to_s(8)
-    prog_name = 'foo'
-    prog_name = RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name'].sub('ruby', 'foo') if options[:format_executable]
+    prog_name = "foo"
+    prog_name = RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_install_name"].sub("ruby", "foo") if options[:format_executable]
     expected = {
       "bin/#{prog_name}" => prog_mode,
-      'gems/foo-1' => dir_mode,
-      'gems/foo-1/bin' => dir_mode,
-      'gems/foo-1/data' => dir_mode,
-      'gems/foo-1/bin/foo' => prog_mode,
-      'gems/foo-1/data/foo.txt' => data_mode,
+      "gems/foo-1" => dir_mode,
+      "gems/foo-1/bin" => dir_mode,
+      "gems/foo-1/data" => dir_mode,
+      "gems/foo-1/bin/foo" => prog_mode,
+      "gems/foo-1/data/foo.txt" => data_mode,
     }
     # add Windows script
     expected["bin/#{prog_name}.bat"] = mask.to_s(8) if win_platform?
@@ -218,83 +200,79 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     end
     assert_equal(expected, result)
   ensure
-    File.chmod(0755, *Dir.glob(@gemhome + '/gems/**/').map {|path| path.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)})
+    File.chmod(0755, *Dir.glob(@gemhome + "/gems/**/").map {|path| path.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT) })
   end
 
   def test_require_missing
-    save_loaded_features do
-      assert_raises ::LoadError do
-        require "test_require_missing"
-      end
+    assert_raise ::LoadError do
+      require "test_require_missing"
     end
   end
 
   def test_require_does_not_glob
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a1 = util_spec "a", "1", nil, "lib/a1.rb"
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1", nil, "lib/a1.rb"
 
-      install_specs a1
-
-      assert_raises ::LoadError do
-        require "a*"
-      end
+    install_specs a1
 
-      assert_equal [], loaded_spec_names
+    assert_raise ::LoadError do
+      require "a*"
     end
+
+    assert_equal [], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_active
-    a1 = util_spec 'a', '1' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['exec']
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
     end
 
-    util_spec 'a', '2' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['exec']
+    util_spec "a", "2" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
     end
 
     a1.activate
 
-    assert_match 'a-1/bin/exec', Gem.bin_path('a', 'exec', '>= 0')
+    assert_match "a-1/bin/exec", Gem.bin_path("a", "exec", ">= 0")
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_picking_newest
-    a1 = util_spec 'a', '1' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['exec']
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
     end
 
-    a2 = util_spec 'a', '2' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['exec']
+    a2 = util_spec "a", "2" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
     end
 
     install_specs a1, a2
 
-    assert_match 'a-2/bin/exec', Gem.bin_path('a', 'exec', '>= 0')
+    assert_match "a-2/bin/exec", Gem.bin_path("a", "exec", ">= 0")
   end
 
   def test_self_activate_bin_path_no_exec_name
-    e = assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      Gem.activate_bin_path 'a'
+    e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Gem.activate_bin_path "a"
     end
 
-    assert_equal 'you must supply exec_name', e.message
+    assert_equal "you must supply exec_name", e.message
   end
 
   def test_activate_bin_path_resolves_eagerly
-    a1 = util_spec 'a', '1' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['exec']
-      s.add_dependency 'b'
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
+      s.add_dependency "b"
     end
 
-    b1 = util_spec 'b', '1' do |s|
-      s.add_dependency 'c', '2'
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1" do |s|
+      s.add_dependency "c", "2"
     end
 
-    b2 = util_spec 'b', '2' do |s|
-      s.add_dependency 'c', '1'
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2" do |s|
+      s.add_dependency "c", "1"
     end
 
-    c1 = util_spec 'c', '1'
-    c2 = util_spec 'c', '2'
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
 
     install_specs c1, c2, b1, b2, a1
 
@@ -302,33 +280,90 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
     # If we didn't eagerly resolve, this would activate c-2 and then the
     # finish_resolve would cause a conflict
-    gem 'c'
+    gem "c"
     Gem.finish_resolve
 
-    assert_equal %w(a-1 b-2 c-1), loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-1], loaded_spec_names
+  end
+
+  def test_activate_bin_path_does_not_error_if_a_gem_thats_not_finally_activated_has_orphaned_dependencies
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
+      s.add_dependency "b"
+    end
+
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1" do |s|
+      s.add_dependency "c", "1"
+    end
+
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2" do |s|
+      s.add_dependency "c", "2"
+    end
+
+    c2 = util_spec "c", "2"
+
+    install_specs c2, b1, b2, a1
+
+    # c1 is missing, but not needed for activation, so we should not get any errors here
+
+    Gem.activate_bin_path("a", "exec", ">= 0")
+
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-2 c-2], loaded_spec_names
+  end
+
+  def test_activate_bin_path_raises_a_meaningful_error_if_a_gem_thats_finally_activated_has_orphaned_dependencies
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
+      s.add_dependency "b"
+    end
+
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1" do |s|
+      s.add_dependency "c", "1"
+    end
+
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2" do |s|
+      s.add_dependency "c", "2"
+    end
+
+    c1 = util_spec "c", "1"
+
+    install_specs c1, b1, b2, a1
+
+    # c2 is missing, and b2 which has it as a dependency will be activated, so we should get an error about the orphaned dependency
+
+    e = assert_raise Gem::UnsatisfiableDependencyError do
+      load Gem.activate_bin_path("a", "exec", ">= 0")
+    end
+
+    assert_equal "Unable to resolve dependency: 'b (>= 0)' requires 'c (= 2)'", e.message
   end
 
   def test_activate_bin_path_in_debug_mode
-    a1 = util_spec 'a', '1' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['exec']
+    a1 = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
     end
 
     install_specs a1
 
+    require "open3"
     output, status = Open3.capture2e(
       { "GEM_HOME" => Gem.paths.home, "DEBUG_RESOLVER" => "1" },
-      Gem.ruby, "-I", File.expand_path("../../lib", __dir__), "-e", "\"Gem.activate_bin_path('a', 'exec', '>= 0')\""
+      *ruby_with_rubygems_in_load_path, "-e", "\"Gem.activate_bin_path('a', 'exec', '>= 0')\""
     )
 
     assert status.success?, output
   end
 
-  def test_activate_bin_path_gives_proper_error_for_bundler
-    bundler = util_spec 'bundler', '2' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['bundle']
+  def test_activate_bin_path_selects_exact_bundler_version_if_present
+    bundler_latest = util_spec "bundler", "2.0.1" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["bundle"]
+    end
+
+    bundler_previous = util_spec "bundler", "2.0.0" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["bundle"]
     end
 
-    install_specs bundler
+    install_specs bundler_latest, bundler_previous
 
     File.open("Gemfile.lock", "w") do |f|
       f.write <<-L.gsub(/ {8}/, "")
@@ -342,29 +377,24 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
         DEPENDENCIES
 
         BUNDLED WITH
-          9999
+          2.0.0
       L
     end
 
-    File.open("Gemfile", "w") { |f| f.puts('source "https://rubygems.org"') }
+    File.open("Gemfile", "w") {|f| f.puts('source "https://rubygems.org"') }
 
-    e = assert_raises Gem::GemNotFoundException do
-      load Gem.activate_bin_path("bundler", "bundle", ">= 0.a")
-    end
+    load Gem.activate_bin_path("bundler", "bundle", ">= 0.a")
 
-    assert_includes e.message, "Could not find 'bundler' (9999) required by your #{File.expand_path("Gemfile.lock")}."
-    assert_includes e.message, "To update to the latest version installed on your system, run `bundle update --bundler`."
-    assert_includes e.message, "To install the missing version, run `gem install bundler:9999`"
-    refute_includes e.message, "can't find gem bundler (>= 0.a) with executable bundle"
+    assert_equal %w[bundler-2.0.0], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
-  def test_activate_bin_path_selects_exact_bundler_version_if_present
-    bundler_latest = util_spec 'bundler', '2.0.1' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['bundle']
+  def test_activate_bin_path_respects_underscore_selection_if_given
+    bundler_latest = util_spec "bundler", "2.0.1" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["bundle"]
     end
 
-    bundler_previous = util_spec 'bundler', '2.0.0' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['bundle']
+    bundler_previous = util_spec "bundler", "1.17.3" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["bundle"]
     end
 
     install_specs bundler_latest, bundler_previous
@@ -381,28 +411,18 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
         DEPENDENCIES
 
         BUNDLED WITH
-          2.0.0
+          2.0.1
       L
     end
 
-    File.open("Gemfile", "w") { |f| f.puts('source "https://rubygems.org"') }
+    File.open("Gemfile", "w") {|f| f.puts('source "https://rubygems.org"') }
 
-    load Gem.activate_bin_path("bundler", "bundle", ">= 0.a")
+    load Gem.activate_bin_path("bundler", "bundle", "= 1.17.3")
 
-    assert_equal %w(bundler-2.0.0), loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal %w[bundler-1.17.3], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
-  def test_activate_bin_path_respects_underscore_selection_if_given
-    bundler_latest = util_spec 'bundler', '2.0.1' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['bundle']
-    end
-
-    bundler_previous = util_spec 'bundler', '1.17.3' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['bundle']
-    end
-
-    install_specs bundler_latest, bundler_previous
-
+  def test_activate_bin_path_gives_proper_error_for_bundler_when_underscore_selection_given
     File.open("Gemfile.lock", "w") do |f|
       f.write <<-L.gsub(/ {8}/, "")
         GEM
@@ -415,71 +435,72 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
         DEPENDENCIES
 
         BUNDLED WITH
-          2.0.1
+          2.1.4
       L
     end
 
-    File.open("Gemfile", "w") { |f| f.puts('source "https://rubygems.org"') }
+    File.open("Gemfile", "w") {|f| f.puts('source "https://rubygems.org"') }
 
-    load Gem.activate_bin_path("bundler", "bundle", "= 1.17.3")
+    e = assert_raise Gem::GemNotFoundException do
+      load Gem.activate_bin_path("bundler", "bundle", "= 2.2.8")
+    end
 
-    assert_equal %w(bundler-1.17.3), loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal "can't find gem bundler (= 2.2.8) with executable bundle", e.message
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_no_exec_name
-    e = assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      Gem.bin_path 'a'
+    e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Gem.bin_path "a"
     end
 
-    assert_equal 'you must supply exec_name', e.message
+    assert_equal "you must supply exec_name", e.message
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_bin_name
     install_specs util_exec_gem
-    assert_equal @abin_path, Gem.bin_path('a', 'abin')
+    assert_equal @abin_path, Gem.bin_path("a", "abin")
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_bin_name_version
     install_specs util_exec_gem
-    assert_equal @abin_path, Gem.bin_path('a', 'abin', '4')
+    assert_equal @abin_path, Gem.bin_path("a", "abin", "4")
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_nonexistent_binfile
-    util_spec 'a', '2' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['exec']
+    util_spec "a", "2" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec"]
     end
-    assert_raises(Gem::GemNotFoundException) do
-      Gem.bin_path('a', 'other', '2')
+    assert_raise(Gem::GemNotFoundException) do
+      Gem.bin_path("a", "other", "2")
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_no_bin_file
-    util_spec 'a', '1'
-    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
-      Gem.bin_path('a', nil, '1')
+    util_spec "a", "1"
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      Gem.bin_path("a", nil, "1")
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_not_found
-    assert_raises(Gem::GemNotFoundException) do
-      Gem.bin_path('non-existent', 'blah')
+    assert_raise(Gem::GemNotFoundException) do
+      Gem.bin_path("non-existent", "blah")
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_bin_path_bin_file_gone_in_latest
     install_specs util_exec_gem
-    spec = util_spec 'a', '10' do |s|
+    spec = util_spec "a", "10" do |s|
       s.executables = []
     end
     install_specs spec
-    # Should not find a-10's non-abin (bug)
-    assert_equal @abin_path, Gem.bin_path('a', 'abin')
+    assert_equal @abin_path, Gem.bin_path("a", "abin")
   end
 
   def test_self_bindir
-    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, 'bin'), Gem.bindir
-    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, 'bin'), Gem.bindir(Gem.dir)
-    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, 'bin'), Gem.bindir(Pathname.new(Gem.dir))
+    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, "bin"), Gem.bindir
+    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, "bin"), Gem.bindir(Gem.dir)
+    assert_equal File.join(@gemhome, "bin"), Gem.bindir(Pathname.new(Gem.dir))
   end
 
   def test_self_bindir_default_dir
@@ -508,51 +529,51 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     foo = nil
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p 'data'
-      File.open File.join('data', 'foo.txt'), 'w' do |fp|
-        fp.puts 'blah'
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p "data"
+      File.open File.join("data", "foo.txt"), "w" do |fp|
+        fp.puts "blah"
       end
 
-      foo = util_spec 'foo' do |s|
+      foo = util_spec "foo" do |s|
         s.files = %w[data/foo.txt]
       end
 
       install_gem foo
     end
 
-    gem 'foo'
+    gem "foo"
 
-    expected = File.join @gemhome, 'gems', foo.full_name, 'data', 'foo'
+    expected = File.join @gemhome, "gems", foo.full_name, "data", "foo"
 
     assert_equal expected, Gem::Specification.find_by_name("foo").datadir
   end
 
   def test_self_datadir_nonexistent_package
-    assert_raises(Gem::MissingSpecError) do
+    assert_raise(Gem::MissingSpecError) do
       Gem::Specification.find_by_name("xyzzy").datadir
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_default_exec_format
-    ruby_install_name 'ruby' do
-      assert_equal '%s', Gem.default_exec_format
+    ruby_install_name "ruby" do
+      assert_equal "%s", Gem.default_exec_format
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_default_exec_format_18
-    ruby_install_name 'ruby18' do
-      assert_equal '%s18', Gem.default_exec_format
+    ruby_install_name "ruby18" do
+      assert_equal "%s18", Gem.default_exec_format
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_default_exec_format_jruby
-    ruby_install_name 'jruby' do
-      assert_equal 'j%s', Gem.default_exec_format
+    ruby_install_name "jruby" do
+      assert_equal "j%s", Gem.default_exec_format
     end
   end
 
   def test_default_path
-    vendordir(File.join(@tempdir, 'vendor')) do
+    vendordir(File.join(@tempdir, "vendor")) do
       FileUtils.rm_rf Gem.user_home
 
       expected = [Gem.default_dir]
@@ -572,7 +593,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_default_path_user_home
-    vendordir(File.join(@tempdir, 'vendor')) do
+    vendordir(File.join(@tempdir, "vendor")) do
       expected = [Gem.user_dir, Gem.default_dir]
 
       assert_equal expected, Gem.default_path
@@ -580,7 +601,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_default_path_vendor_dir
-    vendordir(File.join(@tempdir, 'vendor')) do
+    vendordir(File.join(@tempdir, "vendor")) do
       FileUtils.mkdir_p Gem.vendor_dir
 
       FileUtils.rm_rf Gem.user_home
@@ -596,22 +617,22 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_self_use_gemdeps
-    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'], '-'
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("-") do
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p "detect/a/b"
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p "detect/a/Isolate"
 
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p 'detect/a/b'
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p 'detect/a/Isolate'
+      FileUtils.touch "detect/Isolate"
 
-    FileUtils.touch 'detect/Isolate'
+      begin
+        Dir.chdir "detect/a/b"
 
-    begin
-      Dir.chdir 'detect/a/b'
+        Gem.use_gemdeps
 
-      assert_equal add_bundler_full_name([]), Gem.use_gemdeps.map(&:full_name)
-    ensure
-      Dir.chdir @tempdir
+        assert_equal add_bundler_full_name([]), loaded_spec_names
+      ensure
+        Dir.chdir @tempdir
+      end
     end
-  ensure
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = rubygems_gemdeps
   end
 
   def test_self_dir
@@ -624,12 +645,12 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
     Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories @gemhome
 
-    assert_path_exists File.join @gemhome, 'build_info'
-    assert_path_exists File.join @gemhome, 'cache'
-    assert_path_exists File.join @gemhome, 'doc'
-    assert_path_exists File.join @gemhome, 'extensions'
-    assert_path_exists File.join @gemhome, 'gems'
-    assert_path_exists File.join @gemhome, 'specifications'
+    assert_path_exist File.join @gemhome, "build_info"
+    assert_path_exist File.join @gemhome, "cache"
+    assert_path_exist File.join @gemhome, "doc"
+    assert_path_exist File.join @gemhome, "extensions"
+    assert_path_exist File.join @gemhome, "gems"
+    assert_path_exist File.join @gemhome, "specifications"
   end
 
   def test_self_ensure_gem_directories_permissions
@@ -659,9 +680,9 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end unless win_platform?
 
   def test_self_ensure_gem_directories_missing_parents
-    gemdir = File.join @tempdir, 'a/b/c/gemdir'
-    FileUtils.rm_rf File.join(@tempdir, 'a') rescue nil
-    refute File.exist?(File.join(@tempdir, 'a')),
+    gemdir = File.join @tempdir, "a/b/c/gemdir"
+    FileUtils.rm_rf File.join(@tempdir, "a") rescue nil
+    refute File.exist?(File.join(@tempdir, "a")),
            "manually remove #{File.join @tempdir, 'a'}, tests are broken"
     Gem.use_paths gemdir
 
@@ -670,7 +691,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     assert_directory_exists util_cache_dir
   end
 
-  unless win_platform? || Process.uid.zero?  # only for FS that support write protection
+  unless win_platform? || Process.uid.zero? # only for FS that support write protection
     def test_self_ensure_gem_directories_write_protected
       gemdir = File.join @tempdir, "egd"
       FileUtils.rm_r gemdir rescue nil
@@ -702,16 +723,21 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     ensure
       FileUtils.chmod 0600, parent
     end
+
+    def test_self_ensure_gem_directories_non_existent_paths
+      Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories "/proc/0123456789/bogus" # should not raise
+      Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories "classpath:/bogus/x" # JRuby embed scenario
+    end
   end
 
   def test_self_extension_dir_shared
-    enable_shared 'yes' do
+    enable_shared "yes" do
       assert_equal Gem.ruby_api_version, Gem.extension_api_version
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_extension_dir_static
-    enable_shared 'no' do
+    enable_shared "no" do
       assert_equal "#{Gem.ruby_api_version}-static", Gem.extension_api_version
     end
   end
@@ -720,14 +746,14 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     cwd = File.expand_path("test/rubygems", PROJECT_DIR)
     $LOAD_PATH.unshift cwd
 
-    discover_path = File.join 'lib', 'sff', 'discover.rb'
+    discover_path = File.join "lib", "sff", "discover.rb"
 
-    foo1, foo2 = %w(1 2).map do |version|
-      spec = quick_gem 'sff', version do |s|
+    foo1, foo2 = %w[1 2].map do |version|
+      spec = quick_gem "sff", version do |s|
         s.files << discover_path
       end
 
-      write_file(File.join 'gems', spec.full_name, discover_path) do |fp|
+      write_file(File.join "gems", spec.full_name, discover_path) do |fp|
         fp.puts "# #{spec.full_name}"
       end
 
@@ -737,13 +763,13 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     Gem.refresh
 
     expected = [
-      File.expand_path('test/rubygems/sff/discover.rb', PROJECT_DIR),
+      File.expand_path("test/rubygems/sff/discover.rb", PROJECT_DIR),
       File.join(foo2.full_gem_path, discover_path),
       File.join(foo1.full_gem_path, discover_path),
     ]
 
-    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files('sff/discover')
-    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files('sff/**.rb'), '[ruby-core:31730]'
+    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files("sff/discover")
+    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files("sff/**.rb"), "[ruby-core:31730]"
   ensure
     assert_equal cwd, $LOAD_PATH.shift
   end
@@ -752,14 +778,14 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     cwd = File.expand_path("test/rubygems", PROJECT_DIR)
     actual_load_path = $LOAD_PATH.unshift(cwd).dup
 
-    discover_path = File.join 'lib', 'sff', 'discover.rb'
+    discover_path = File.join "lib", "sff", "discover.rb"
 
-    foo1, _ = %w(1 2).map do |version|
-      spec = quick_gem 'sff', version do |s|
+    foo1, _ = %w[1 2].map do |version|
+      spec = quick_gem "sff", version do |s|
         s.files << discover_path
       end
 
-      write_file(File.join 'gems', spec.full_name, discover_path) do |fp|
+      write_file(File.join "gems", spec.full_name, discover_path) do |fp|
         fp.puts "# #{spec.full_name}"
       end
 
@@ -767,19 +793,19 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     end
     Gem.refresh
 
-    write_file(File.join Dir.pwd, 'Gemfile') do |fp|
+    write_file(File.join Dir.pwd, "Gemfile") do |fp|
       fp.puts "source 'https://rubygems.org'"
       fp.puts "gem '#{foo1.name}', '#{foo1.version}'"
     end
-    Gem.use_gemdeps(File.join Dir.pwd, 'Gemfile')
+    Gem.use_gemdeps(File.join Dir.pwd, "Gemfile")
 
     expected = [
-      File.expand_path('test/rubygems/sff/discover.rb', PROJECT_DIR),
-      File.join(foo1.full_gem_path, discover_path)
+      File.expand_path("test/rubygems/sff/discover.rb", PROJECT_DIR),
+      File.join(foo1.full_gem_path, discover_path),
     ].sort
 
-    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files('sff/discover').sort
-    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files('sff/**.rb').sort, '[ruby-core:31730]'
+    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files("sff/discover").sort
+    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_files("sff/**.rb").sort, "[ruby-core:31730]"
   ensure
     assert_equal cwd, actual_load_path.shift unless Gem.java_platform?
   end
@@ -788,14 +814,14 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     cwd = File.expand_path("test/rubygems", PROJECT_DIR)
     $LOAD_PATH.unshift cwd
 
-    discover_path = File.join 'lib', 'sff', 'discover.rb'
+    discover_path = File.join "lib", "sff", "discover.rb"
 
-    _, foo2 = %w(1 2).map do |version|
-      spec = quick_gem 'sff', version do |s|
+    _, foo2 = %w[1 2].map do |version|
+      spec = quick_gem "sff", version do |s|
         s.files << discover_path
       end
 
-      write_file(File.join 'gems', spec.full_name, discover_path) do |fp|
+      write_file(File.join "gems", spec.full_name, discover_path) do |fp|
         fp.puts "# #{spec.full_name}"
       end
 
@@ -805,64 +831,103 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     Gem.refresh
 
     expected = [
-      File.expand_path('test/rubygems/sff/discover.rb', PROJECT_DIR),
+      File.expand_path("test/rubygems/sff/discover.rb", PROJECT_DIR),
       File.join(foo2.full_gem_path, discover_path),
     ]
 
-    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_latest_files('sff/discover')
-    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_latest_files('sff/**.rb'), '[ruby-core:31730]'
+    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_latest_files("sff/discover")
+    assert_equal expected, Gem.find_latest_files("sff/**.rb"), "[ruby-core:31730]"
   ensure
     assert_equal cwd, $LOAD_PATH.shift
   end
 
   def test_self_latest_spec_for
     gems = spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 1
-      fetcher.spec 'a', '3.a'
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 2
+      fetcher.spec "a", 1
+      fetcher.spec "a", "3.a"
+      fetcher.spec "a", 2
     end
 
-    spec = Gem.latest_spec_for 'a'
+    spec = Gem.latest_spec_for "a"
 
-    assert_equal gems['a-2'], spec
+    assert_equal gems["a-2"], spec
+  end
+
+  def test_self_latest_spec_for_multiple_sources
+    uri = "https://example.sample.com/"
+    source = Gem::Source.new(uri)
+    source_list = Gem::SourceList.new
+    source_list << Gem::Source.new(@uri)
+    source_list << source
+    Gem.sources.replace source_list
+
+    spec_fetcher(uri) do |fetcher|
+      fetcher.spec "a", 1.1
+    end
+
+    gems = spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
+      fetcher.spec "a", 1
+      fetcher.spec "a", "3.a"
+      fetcher.spec "a", 2
+    end
+    spec = Gem.latest_spec_for "a"
+    assert_equal gems["a-2"], spec
   end
 
   def test_self_latest_rubygems_version
     spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
-      fetcher.spec 'rubygems-update', '1.8.23'
-      fetcher.spec 'rubygems-update', '1.8.24'
-      fetcher.spec 'rubygems-update', '2.0.0.preview3'
+      fetcher.spec "rubygems-update", "1.8.23"
+      fetcher.spec "rubygems-update", "1.8.24"
+      fetcher.spec "rubygems-update", "2.0.0.preview3"
     end
 
     version = Gem.latest_rubygems_version
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('1.8.24'), version
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new("1.8.24"), version
   end
 
   def test_self_latest_version_for
     spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 1
-      fetcher.spec 'a', 2
-      fetcher.spec 'a', '3.a'
+      fetcher.spec "a", 1
+      fetcher.spec "a", 2
+      fetcher.spec "a", "3.a"
+    end
+
+    version = Gem.latest_version_for "a"
+
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new(2), version
+  end
+
+  def test_self_latest_version_for_multiple_sources
+    uri = "https://example.sample.com/"
+    source = Gem::Source.new(uri)
+    source_list = Gem::SourceList.new
+    source_list << Gem::Source.new(@uri)
+    source_list << source
+    Gem.sources.replace source_list
+
+    spec_fetcher(uri) do |fetcher|
+      fetcher.spec "a", 1.1
+    end
+
+    spec_fetcher do |fetcher|
+      fetcher.spec "a", 1
+      fetcher.spec "a", 2
+      fetcher.spec "a", "3.a"
     end
 
-    version = Gem.latest_version_for 'a'
+    version = Gem.latest_version_for "a"
 
     assert_equal Gem::Version.new(2), version
   end
 
   def test_self_loaded_specs
-    foo = util_spec 'foo'
+    foo = util_spec "foo"
     install_gem foo
 
     foo.activate
 
-    assert_equal true, Gem.loaded_specs.keys.include?('foo')
-  end
-
-  def util_path
-    ENV.delete "GEM_HOME"
-    ENV.delete "GEM_PATH"
+    assert_equal true, Gem.loaded_specs.keys.include?("foo")
   end
 
   def test_self_path
@@ -870,53 +935,19 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_self_path_default
-    util_path
-
-    if defined?(APPLE_GEM_HOME)
-      orig_APPLE_GEM_HOME = APPLE_GEM_HOME
-      Object.send :remove_const, :APPLE_GEM_HOME
-    end
+    ENV.delete "GEM_HOME"
+    ENV.delete "GEM_PATH"
 
     Gem.instance_variable_set :@paths, nil
 
     assert_equal [Gem.default_path, Gem.dir].flatten.uniq, Gem.path
-  ensure
-    Object.const_set :APPLE_GEM_HOME, orig_APPLE_GEM_HOME if orig_APPLE_GEM_HOME
-  end
-
-  unless win_platform?
-    def test_self_path_APPLE_GEM_HOME
-      util_path
-
-      Gem.clear_paths
-      apple_gem_home = File.join @tempdir, 'apple_gem_home'
-
-      old, $-w = $-w, nil
-      Object.const_set :APPLE_GEM_HOME, apple_gem_home
-      $-w = old
-
-      assert_includes Gem.path, apple_gem_home
-    ensure
-      Object.send :remove_const, :APPLE_GEM_HOME
-    end
-
-    def test_self_path_APPLE_GEM_HOME_GEM_PATH
-      Gem.clear_paths
-      ENV['GEM_PATH'] = @gemhome
-      apple_gem_home = File.join @tempdir, 'apple_gem_home'
-      Gem.const_set :APPLE_GEM_HOME, apple_gem_home
-
-      refute Gem.path.include?(apple_gem_home)
-    ensure
-      Gem.send :remove_const, :APPLE_GEM_HOME
-    end
   end
 
   def test_self_path_ENV_PATH
     path_count = Gem.path.size
     Gem.clear_paths
 
-    ENV['GEM_PATH'] = @additional.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
+    ENV["GEM_PATH"] = @additional.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
 
     assert_equal @additional, Gem.path[0,2]
 
@@ -928,10 +959,10 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_path_duplicate
     Gem.clear_paths
     util_ensure_gem_dirs
-    dirs = @additional + [@gemhome] + [File.join(@tempdir, 'a')]
+    dirs = @additional + [@gemhome] + [File.join(@tempdir, "a")]
 
-    ENV['GEM_HOME'] = @gemhome
-    ENV['GEM_PATH'] = dirs.join File::PATH_SEPARATOR
+    ENV["GEM_HOME"] = @gemhome
+    ENV["GEM_PATH"] = dirs.join File::PATH_SEPARATOR
 
     assert_equal @gemhome, Gem.dir
 
@@ -943,8 +974,8 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     Gem.clear_paths
 
     util_ensure_gem_dirs
-    ENV['GEM_HOME'] = @gemhome
-    ENV['GEM_PATH'] = @additional.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
+    ENV["GEM_HOME"] = @gemhome
+    ENV["GEM_PATH"] = @additional.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
 
     assert_equal @gemhome, Gem.dir
 
@@ -961,38 +992,38 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_self_prefix_libdir
-    orig_libdir = RbConfig::CONFIG['libdir']
-    RbConfig::CONFIG['libdir'] = PROJECT_DIR
+    orig_libdir = RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"]
+    RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"] = PROJECT_DIR
 
     assert_nil Gem.prefix
   ensure
-    RbConfig::CONFIG['libdir'] = orig_libdir
+    RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"] = orig_libdir
   end
 
   def test_self_prefix_sitelibdir
-    orig_sitelibdir = RbConfig::CONFIG['sitelibdir']
-    RbConfig::CONFIG['sitelibdir'] = PROJECT_DIR
+    orig_sitelibdir = RbConfig::CONFIG["sitelibdir"]
+    RbConfig::CONFIG["sitelibdir"] = PROJECT_DIR
 
     assert_nil Gem.prefix
   ensure
-    RbConfig::CONFIG['sitelibdir'] = orig_sitelibdir
+    RbConfig::CONFIG["sitelibdir"] = orig_sitelibdir
   end
 
   def test_self_read_binary
-    File.open 'test', 'w' do |io|
+    File.open "test", "w" do |io|
       io.write "\xCF\x80"
     end
 
-    assert_equal ["\xCF", "\x80"], Gem.read_binary('test').chars.to_a
+    assert_equal ["\xCF", "\x80"], Gem.read_binary("test").chars.to_a
 
-    skip 'chmod not supported' if Gem.win_platform?
+    pend "chmod not supported" if Gem.win_platform?
 
     begin
-      File.chmod 0444, 'test'
+      File.chmod 0444, "test"
 
-      assert_equal ["\xCF", "\x80"], Gem.read_binary('test').chars.to_a
+      assert_equal ["\xCF", "\x80"], Gem.read_binary("test").chars.to_a
     ensure
-      File.chmod 0644, 'test'
+      File.chmod 0644, "test"
     end
   end
 
@@ -1030,111 +1061,95 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
     Gem.refresh
 
-    Gem::Specification.each{|spec| assert spec.activated? if spec == s}
+    Gem::Specification.each {|spec| assert spec.activated? if spec == s }
 
     Gem.loaded_specs.delete(s)
     Gem.refresh
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_escaping_spaces_in_path
-    with_bindir_and_exeext("C:/Ruby 1.8/bin", ".exe") do
-      ruby_install_name "ruby" do
+    with_clean_path_to_ruby do
+      with_rb_config_ruby("C:/Ruby 1.8/bin/ruby.exe") do
         assert_equal "\"C:/Ruby 1.8/bin/ruby.exe\"", Gem.ruby
       end
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_path_without_spaces
-    with_bindir_and_exeext("C:/Ruby18/bin", ".exe") do
-      ruby_install_name "ruby" do
+    with_clean_path_to_ruby do
+      with_rb_config_ruby("C:/Ruby18/bin/ruby.exe") do
         assert_equal "C:/Ruby18/bin/ruby.exe", Gem.ruby
       end
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_api_version
-    orig_ruby_version, RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version'] = RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version'], '1.2.3'
+    orig_ruby_version, RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"] = RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"], "1.2.3"
 
     Gem.instance_variable_set :@ruby_api_version, nil
 
-    assert_equal '1.2.3', Gem.ruby_api_version
+    assert_equal "1.2.3", Gem.ruby_api_version
   ensure
     Gem.instance_variable_set :@ruby_api_version, nil
 
-    RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version'] = orig_ruby_version
+    RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"] = orig_ruby_version
   end
 
   def test_self_env_requirement
-    ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_FOO"] = '>= 1.2.3'
-    ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_BAR"] = '1.2.3'
-    ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_BAZ"] = 'abcd'
-
-    assert_equal Gem::Requirement.create('>= 1.2.3'), Gem.env_requirement('foo')
-    assert_equal Gem::Requirement.create('1.2.3'), Gem.env_requirement('bAr')
-    assert_raises(Gem::Requirement::BadRequirementError) { Gem.env_requirement('baz') }
-    assert_equal Gem::Requirement.default, Gem.env_requirement('qux')
-  end
-
-  def test_self_ruby_version_with_patchlevel_less_ancient_rubies
-    util_set_RUBY_VERSION '1.8.5'
-
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('1.8.5'), Gem.ruby_version
-  ensure
-    util_restore_RUBY_VERSION
-  end
-
-  def test_self_ruby_version_with_release
-    util_set_RUBY_VERSION '1.8.6', 287
+    ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_FOO"] = ">= 1.2.3"
+    ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_BAR"] = "1.2.3"
+    ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_BAZ"] = "abcd"
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('1.8.6.287'), Gem.ruby_version
-  ensure
-    util_restore_RUBY_VERSION
+    assert_equal Gem::Requirement.create(">= 1.2.3"), Gem.env_requirement("foo")
+    assert_equal Gem::Requirement.create("1.2.3"), Gem.env_requirement("bAr")
+    assert_raise(Gem::Requirement::BadRequirementError) { Gem.env_requirement("baz") }
+    assert_equal Gem::Requirement.default, Gem.env_requirement("qux")
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_version_with_non_mri_implementations
-    util_set_RUBY_VERSION '2.5.0', 0, 60928, 'jruby 9.2.0.0 (2.5.0) 2018-05-24 81156a8 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.171-b11 on 1.8.0_171-8u171-b11-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b11 [linux-x86_64]'
+    util_set_RUBY_VERSION "2.5.0", 0, 60928, "jruby 9.2.0.0 (2.5.0) 2018-05-24 81156a8 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.171-b11 on 1.8.0_171-8u171-b11-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b11 [linux-x86_64]"
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('2.5.0'), Gem.ruby_version
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new("2.5.0"), Gem.ruby_version
   ensure
     util_restore_RUBY_VERSION
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_version_with_svn_prerelease
-    util_set_RUBY_VERSION '2.6.0', -1, 63539, 'ruby 2.6.0preview2 (2018-05-31 trunk 63539) [x86_64-linux]'
+    util_set_RUBY_VERSION "2.6.0", -1, 63539, "ruby 2.6.0preview2 (2018-05-31 trunk 63539) [x86_64-linux]"
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('2.6.0.preview2'), Gem.ruby_version
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new("2.6.0.preview2"), Gem.ruby_version
   ensure
     util_restore_RUBY_VERSION
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_version_with_git_prerelease
-    util_set_RUBY_VERSION '2.7.0', -1, 'b563439274a402e33541f5695b1bfd4ac1085638', 'ruby 2.7.0preview3 (2019-11-23 master b563439274) [x86_64-linux]'
+    util_set_RUBY_VERSION "2.7.0", -1, "b563439274a402e33541f5695b1bfd4ac1085638", "ruby 2.7.0preview3 (2019-11-23 master b563439274) [x86_64-linux]"
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('2.7.0.preview3'), Gem.ruby_version
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new("2.7.0.preview3"), Gem.ruby_version
   ensure
     util_restore_RUBY_VERSION
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_version_with_non_mri_implementations_with_mri_prerelase_compatibility
-    util_set_RUBY_VERSION '2.6.0', -1, 63539, 'weirdjruby 9.2.0.0 (2.6.0preview2) 2018-05-24 81156a8 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.171-b11 on 1.8.0_171-8u171-b11-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b11 [linux-x86_64]', 'weirdjruby', '9.2.0.0'
+    util_set_RUBY_VERSION "2.6.0", -1, 63539, "weirdjruby 9.2.0.0 (2.6.0preview2) 2018-05-24 81156a8 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.171-b11 on 1.8.0_171-8u171-b11-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b11 [linux-x86_64]", "weirdjruby", "9.2.0.0"
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('2.6.0.preview2'), Gem.ruby_version
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new("2.6.0.preview2"), Gem.ruby_version
   ensure
     util_restore_RUBY_VERSION
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_version_with_svn_trunk
-    util_set_RUBY_VERSION '1.9.2', -1, 23493, 'ruby 1.9.2dev (2009-05-20 trunk 23493) [x86_64-linux]'
+    util_set_RUBY_VERSION "1.9.2", -1, 23493, "ruby 1.9.2dev (2009-05-20 trunk 23493) [x86_64-linux]"
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('1.9.2.dev'), Gem.ruby_version
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new("1.9.2.dev"), Gem.ruby_version
   ensure
     util_restore_RUBY_VERSION
   end
 
   def test_self_ruby_version_with_git_master
-    util_set_RUBY_VERSION '2.7.0', -1, '5de284ec78220e75643f89b454ce999da0c1c195', 'ruby 2.7.0dev (2019-12-23T01:37:30Z master 5de284ec78) [x86_64-linux]'
+    util_set_RUBY_VERSION "2.7.0", -1, "5de284ec78220e75643f89b454ce999da0c1c195", "ruby 2.7.0dev (2019-12-23T01:37:30Z master 5de284ec78) [x86_64-linux]"
 
-    assert_equal Gem::Version.new('2.7.0.dev'), Gem.ruby_version
+    assert_equal Gem::Version.new("2.7.0.dev"), Gem.ruby_version
   ensure
     util_restore_RUBY_VERSION
   end
@@ -1144,7 +1159,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_self_paths_eq
-    other = File.join @tempdir, 'other'
+    other = File.join @tempdir, "other"
     path = [@userhome, other].join File::PATH_SEPARATOR
 
     #
@@ -1157,12 +1172,12 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_self_paths_eq_nonexistent_home
-    ENV['GEM_HOME'] = @gemhome
+    ENV["GEM_HOME"] = @gemhome
     Gem.clear_paths
 
-    other = File.join @tempdir, 'other'
+    other = File.join @tempdir, "other"
 
-    ENV['HOME'] = other
+    ENV["HOME"] = other
 
     Gem.paths = { "GEM_PATH" => other }
 
@@ -1172,7 +1187,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_post_build
     assert_equal 1, Gem.post_build_hooks.length
 
-    Gem.post_build { |installer| }
+    Gem.post_build {|installer| }
 
     assert_equal 2, Gem.post_build_hooks.length
   end
@@ -1180,7 +1195,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_post_install
     assert_equal 1, Gem.post_install_hooks.length
 
-    Gem.post_install { |installer| }
+    Gem.post_install {|installer| }
 
     assert_equal 2, Gem.post_install_hooks.length
   end
@@ -1188,7 +1203,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_done_installing
     assert_empty Gem.done_installing_hooks
 
-    Gem.done_installing { |gems| }
+    Gem.done_installing {|gems| }
 
     assert_equal 1, Gem.done_installing_hooks.length
   end
@@ -1196,7 +1211,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_post_reset
     assert_empty Gem.post_reset_hooks
 
-    Gem.post_reset { }
+    Gem.post_reset {}
 
     assert_equal 1, Gem.post_reset_hooks.length
   end
@@ -1204,7 +1219,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_post_uninstall
     assert_equal 1, Gem.post_uninstall_hooks.length
 
-    Gem.post_uninstall { |installer| }
+    Gem.post_uninstall {|installer| }
 
     assert_equal 2, Gem.post_uninstall_hooks.length
   end
@@ -1212,7 +1227,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_pre_install
     assert_equal 1, Gem.pre_install_hooks.length
 
-    Gem.pre_install { |installer| }
+    Gem.pre_install {|installer| }
 
     assert_equal 2, Gem.pre_install_hooks.length
   end
@@ -1220,7 +1235,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_pre_reset
     assert_empty Gem.pre_reset_hooks
 
-    Gem.pre_reset { }
+    Gem.pre_reset {}
 
     assert_equal 1, Gem.pre_reset_hooks.length
   end
@@ -1228,7 +1243,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   def test_self_pre_uninstall
     assert_equal 1, Gem.pre_uninstall_hooks.length
 
-    Gem.pre_uninstall { |installer| }
+    Gem.pre_uninstall {|installer| }
 
     assert_equal 2, Gem.pre_uninstall_hooks.length
   end
@@ -1241,73 +1256,74 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_try_activate_returns_true_for_activated_specs
-    b = util_spec 'b', '1.0' do |spec|
-      spec.files << 'lib/b.rb'
+    b = util_spec "b", "1.0" do |spec|
+      spec.files << "lib/b.rb"
     end
     install_specs b
 
-    assert Gem.try_activate('b'), 'try_activate should return true'
-    assert Gem.try_activate('b'), 'try_activate should still return true'
+    assert Gem.try_activate("b"), "try_activate should return true"
+    assert Gem.try_activate("b"), "try_activate should still return true"
   end
 
   def test_spec_order_is_consistent
-    b1 = util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    b2 = util_spec 'b', '2.0'
-    b3 = util_spec 'b', '3.0'
+    b1 = util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    b2 = util_spec "b", "2.0"
+    b3 = util_spec "b", "3.0"
 
     install_specs b1, b2, b3
 
-    specs1 = Gem::Specification.stubs.find_all { |s| s.name == 'b' }
+    specs1 = Gem::Specification.stubs.find_all {|s| s.name == "b" }
     Gem::Specification.reset
-    specs2 = Gem::Specification.stubs_for('b')
+    specs2 = Gem::Specification.stubs_for("b")
     assert_equal specs1.map(&:version), specs2.map(&:version)
   end
 
   def test_self_try_activate_missing_dep
-    b = util_spec 'b', '1.0'
-    a = util_spec 'a', '1.0', 'b' => '>= 1.0'
+    b = util_spec "b", "1.0"
+    a = util_spec "a", "1.0", "b" => ">= 1.0"
 
     install_specs b, a
     uninstall_gem b
 
-    a_file = File.join a.gem_dir, 'lib', 'a_file.rb'
+    a_file = File.join a.gem_dir, "lib", "a_file.rb"
 
     write_file a_file do |io|
-      io.puts '# a_file.rb'
+      io.puts "# a_file.rb"
     end
 
-    e = assert_raises Gem::MissingSpecError do
-      Gem.try_activate 'a_file'
+    e = assert_raise Gem::MissingSpecError do
+      Gem.try_activate "a_file"
     end
 
-    assert_match %r%Could not find 'b' %, e.message
+    assert_match %r{Could not find 'b' }, e.message
+    assert_match %r{at: #{a.spec_file}}, e.message
   end
 
   def test_self_try_activate_missing_prerelease
-    b = util_spec 'b', '1.0rc1'
-    a = util_spec 'a', '1.0rc1', 'b' => '1.0rc1'
+    b = util_spec "b", "1.0rc1"
+    a = util_spec "a", "1.0rc1", "b" => "1.0rc1"
 
     install_specs b, a
     uninstall_gem b
 
-    a_file = File.join a.gem_dir, 'lib', 'a_file.rb'
+    a_file = File.join a.gem_dir, "lib", "a_file.rb"
 
     write_file a_file do |io|
-      io.puts '# a_file.rb'
+      io.puts "# a_file.rb"
     end
 
-    e = assert_raises Gem::MissingSpecError do
-      Gem.try_activate 'a_file'
+    e = assert_raise Gem::MissingSpecError do
+      Gem.try_activate "a_file"
     end
 
-    assert_match %r%Could not find 'b' \(= 1.0rc1\)%, e.message
+    assert_match %r{Could not find 'b' \(= 1.0rc1\)}, e.message
   end
 
   def test_self_try_activate_missing_extensions
-    spec = util_spec 'ext', '1' do |s|
+    spec = util_spec "ext", "1" do |s|
       s.extensions = %w[ext/extconf.rb]
       s.mark_version
-      s.installed_by_version = v('2.2')
+      s.installed_by_version = v("2.2")
     end
 
     # write the spec without install to simulate a failed install
@@ -1315,8 +1331,8 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
       io.write spec.to_ruby_for_cache
     end
 
-    _, err = capture_io do
-      refute Gem.try_activate 'nonexistent'
+    _, err = capture_output do
+      refute Gem.try_activate "nonexistent"
     end
 
     unless Gem.java_platform?
@@ -1328,43 +1344,43 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_self_use_paths_with_nils
-    orig_home = ENV.delete 'GEM_HOME'
-    orig_path = ENV.delete 'GEM_PATH'
+    orig_home = ENV.delete "GEM_HOME"
+    orig_path = ENV.delete "GEM_PATH"
     Gem.use_paths nil, nil
     assert_equal Gem.default_dir, Gem.paths.home
     path = (Gem.default_path + [Gem.paths.home]).uniq
     assert_equal path, Gem.paths.path
   ensure
-    ENV['GEM_HOME'] = orig_home
-    ENV['GEM_PATH'] = orig_path
+    ENV["GEM_HOME"] = orig_home
+    ENV["GEM_PATH"] = orig_path
   end
 
   def test_setting_paths_does_not_warn_about_unknown_keys
-    stdout, stderr = capture_io do
-      Gem.paths = { 'foo'      => [],
-                    'bar'      => Object.new,
-                    'GEM_HOME' => Gem.paths.home,
-                    'GEM_PATH' => 'foo' }
+    stdout, stderr = capture_output do
+      Gem.paths = { "foo"      => [],
+                    "bar"      => Object.new,
+                    "GEM_HOME" => Gem.paths.home,
+                    "GEM_PATH" => "foo" }
     end
-    assert_equal ['foo', Gem.paths.home], Gem.paths.path
-    assert_equal '', stderr
-    assert_equal '', stdout
+    assert_equal ["foo", Gem.paths.home], Gem.paths.path
+    assert_equal "", stderr
+    assert_equal "", stdout
   end
 
   def test_setting_paths_does_not_mutate_parameter_object
-    Gem.paths = { 'GEM_HOME' => Gem.paths.home,
-                  'GEM_PATH' => 'foo' }.freeze
-    assert_equal ['foo', Gem.paths.home], Gem.paths.path
+    Gem.paths = { "GEM_HOME" => Gem.paths.home,
+                  "GEM_PATH" => "foo" }.freeze
+    assert_equal ["foo", Gem.paths.home], Gem.paths.path
   end
 
   def test_deprecated_paths=
-    stdout, stderr = capture_io do
-      Gem.paths = { 'GEM_HOME' => Gem.paths.home,
-                    'GEM_PATH' => [Gem.paths.home, 'foo'] }
+    stdout, stderr = capture_output do
+      Gem.paths = { "GEM_HOME" => Gem.paths.home,
+                    "GEM_PATH" => [Gem.paths.home, "foo"] }
     end
-    assert_equal [Gem.paths.home, 'foo'], Gem.paths.path
+    assert_equal [Gem.paths.home, "foo"], Gem.paths.path
     assert_match(/Array values in the parameter to `Gem.paths=` are deprecated.\nPlease use a String or nil/m, stderr)
-    assert_equal '', stdout
+    assert_equal "", stdout
   end
 
   def test_self_use_paths
@@ -1377,17 +1393,19 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_self_user_dir
-    parts = [@userhome, '.gem', Gem.ruby_engine]
-    parts << RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version'] unless RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version'].empty?
+    parts = [@userhome, ".gem", Gem.ruby_engine]
+    parts << RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"] unless RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"].empty?
+
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.join(parts)
 
     assert_equal File.join(parts), Gem.user_dir
   end
 
   def test_self_user_home
-    if ENV['HOME']
-      assert_equal ENV['HOME'], Gem.user_home
+    if ENV["HOME"]
+      assert_equal ENV["HOME"], Gem.user_home
     else
-      assert true, 'count this test'
+      assert true, "count this test"
     end
   end
 
@@ -1403,30 +1421,28 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
       r.gem "b", "= 1"
     end
 
-    activated = Gem::Specification.map { |x| x.full_name }
+    activated = Gem::Specification.map {|x| x.full_name }
 
-    assert_equal %w!a-1 b-1 c-2!, activated.sort
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-1 c-2], activated.sort
   end
 
   def test_self_needs_picks_up_unresolved_deps
-    save_loaded_features do
-      a = util_spec "a", "1"
-      b = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => nil
-      c = util_spec "c", "2"
-      d = util_spec "d", "1", {'e' => '= 1'}, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
-      e = util_spec "e", "1"
-
-      install_specs a, c, b, e, d
+    a = util_spec "a", "1"
+    b = util_spec "b", "1", "c" => nil
+    c = util_spec "c", "2"
+    d = util_spec "d", "1", { "e" => "= 1" }, "lib/d#{$$}.rb"
+    e = util_spec "e", "1"
 
-      Gem.needs do |r|
-        r.gem "a"
-        r.gem "b", "= 1"
+    install_specs a, c, b, e, d
 
-        require "d#{$$}"
-      end
+    Gem.needs do |r|
+      r.gem "a"
+      r.gem "b", "= 1"
 
-      assert_equal %w!a-1 b-1 c-2 d-1 e-1!, loaded_spec_names
+      require "d#{$$}"
     end
+
+    assert_equal %w[a-1 b-1 c-2 d-1 e-1], loaded_spec_names
   end
 
   def test_self_gunzip
@@ -1435,35 +1451,35 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
     output = Gem::Util.gunzip input
 
-    assert_equal 'hello', output
+    assert_equal "hello", output
     assert_equal Encoding::BINARY, output.encoding
   end
 
   def test_self_gzip
-    input = 'hello'
+    input = "hello"
 
     output = Gem::Util.gzip input
 
     zipped = StringIO.new output
 
-    assert_equal 'hello', Zlib::GzipReader.new(zipped).read
+    assert_equal "hello", Zlib::GzipReader.new(zipped).read
     assert_equal Encoding::BINARY, output.encoding
   end
 
   def test_self_vendor_dir
-    vendordir(File.join(@tempdir, 'vendor')) do
+    vendordir(File.join(@tempdir, "vendor")) do
       expected =
-        File.join RbConfig::CONFIG['vendordir'], 'gems',
-                  RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version']
+        File.join RbConfig::CONFIG["vendordir"], "gems",
+                  RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"]
 
       assert_equal expected, Gem.vendor_dir
     end
   end
 
   def test_self_vendor_dir_ENV_GEM_VENDOR
-    ENV['GEM_VENDOR'] = File.join @tempdir, 'vendor', 'gems'
+    ENV["GEM_VENDOR"] = File.join @tempdir, "vendor", "gems"
 
-    assert_equal ENV['GEM_VENDOR'], Gem.vendor_dir
+    assert_equal ENV["GEM_VENDOR"], Gem.vendor_dir
     refute Gem.vendor_dir.frozen?
   end
 
@@ -1477,28 +1493,52 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     plugin_path = File.join "lib", "rubygems_plugin.rb"
 
     Dir.chdir @tempdir do
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p 'lib'
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p "lib"
       File.open plugin_path, "w" do |fp|
         fp.puts "class TestGem; PLUGINS_LOADED << 'plugin'; end"
       end
 
-      foo1 = util_spec 'foo', '1' do |s|
+      foo1 = util_spec "foo", "1" do |s|
         s.files << plugin_path
       end
 
       install_gem foo1
 
-      foo2 = util_spec 'foo', '2' do |s|
+      foo2 = util_spec "foo", "2" do |s|
         s.files << plugin_path
       end
 
       install_gem foo2
     end
 
-    Gem.searcher = nil
     Gem::Specification.reset
 
-    gem 'foo'
+    gem "foo"
+
+    Gem.load_plugins
+
+    assert_equal %w[plugin], PLUGINS_LOADED
+  end
+
+  def test_load_user_installed_plugins
+    plugin_path = File.join "lib", "rubygems_plugin.rb"
+
+    Dir.chdir @tempdir do
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p "lib"
+      File.open plugin_path, "w" do |fp|
+        fp.puts "class TestGem; PLUGINS_LOADED << 'plugin'; end"
+      end
+
+      foo = util_spec "foo", "1" do |s|
+        s.files << plugin_path
+      end
+
+      install_gem_user foo
+    end
+
+    Gem.paths = { "GEM_PATH" => [Gem.dir, Gem.user_dir].join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR) }
+
+    gem "foo"
 
     Gem.load_plugins
 
@@ -1506,30 +1546,30 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_load_env_plugins
-    with_plugin('load') { Gem.load_env_plugins }
+    with_plugin("load") { Gem.load_env_plugins }
     assert_equal :loaded, TEST_PLUGIN_LOAD rescue nil
 
     util_remove_interrupt_command
 
     # Should attempt to cause a StandardError
-    with_plugin('standarderror') { Gem.load_env_plugins }
+    with_plugin("standarderror") { Gem.load_env_plugins }
     assert_equal :loaded, TEST_PLUGIN_STANDARDERROR rescue nil
 
     util_remove_interrupt_command
 
     # Should attempt to cause an Exception
-    with_plugin('exception') { Gem.load_env_plugins }
+    with_plugin("exception") { Gem.load_env_plugins }
     assert_equal :loaded, TEST_PLUGIN_EXCEPTION rescue nil
   end
 
   def test_gem_path_ordering
     refute_equal Gem.dir, Gem.user_dir
 
-    write_file File.join(@tempdir, 'lib', "g.rb") { |fp| fp.puts "" }
-    write_file File.join(@tempdir, 'lib', 'm.rb') { |fp| fp.puts "" }
+    write_file File.join(@tempdir, "lib", "g.rb") {|fp| fp.puts "" }
+    write_file File.join(@tempdir, "lib", "m.rb") {|fp| fp.puts "" }
 
-    g = util_spec 'g', '1', nil, "lib/g.rb"
-    m = util_spec 'm', '1', nil, "lib/m.rb"
+    g = util_spec "g", "1", nil, "lib/g.rb"
+    m = util_spec "m", "1", nil, "lib/m.rb"
 
     install_gem g, :install_dir => Gem.dir
     m0 = install_gem m, :install_dir => Gem.dir
@@ -1540,7 +1580,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
     tests = [
       [:dir0, [ Gem.dir, Gem.user_dir], m0],
-      [:dir1, [ Gem.user_dir, Gem.dir], m1]
+      [:dir1, [ Gem.user_dir, Gem.dir], m1],
     ]
 
     tests.each do |_name, _paths, expected|
@@ -1548,15 +1588,15 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
       Gem::Specification.reset
       Gem.searcher = nil
 
-      assert_equal Gem::Dependency.new('m','1').to_specs,
-                   Gem::Dependency.new('m','1').to_specs.sort
+      assert_equal Gem::Dependency.new("m","1").to_specs,
+                   Gem::Dependency.new("m","1").to_specs.sort
 
       assert_equal \
         [expected.gem_dir],
-        Gem::Dependency.new('m','1').to_specs.map(&:gem_dir).sort,
+        Gem::Dependency.new("m","1").to_specs.map(&:gem_dir).sort,
         "Wrong specs for #{_name}"
 
-      spec = Gem::Dependency.new('m','1').to_spec
+      spec = Gem::Dependency.new("m","1").to_spec
 
       assert_equal \
         File.join(_paths.first, "gems", "m-1"),
@@ -1566,7 +1606,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
       gem "m"
 
-      spec = Gem::Dependency.new('m','1').to_spec
+      spec = Gem::Dependency.new("m","1").to_spec
       assert spec.activated?, "dependency not activated for #{_name}"
 
       assert_equal \
@@ -1581,11 +1621,11 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_gem_path_ordering_short
-    write_file File.join(@tempdir, 'lib', "g.rb") { |fp| fp.puts "" }
-    write_file File.join(@tempdir, 'lib', 'm.rb') { |fp| fp.puts "" }
+    write_file File.join(@tempdir, "lib", "g.rb") {|fp| fp.puts "" }
+    write_file File.join(@tempdir, "lib", "m.rb") {|fp| fp.puts "" }
 
-    g = util_spec 'g', '1', nil, "lib/g.rb"
-    m = util_spec 'm', '1', nil, "lib/m.rb"
+    g = util_spec "g", "1", nil, "lib/g.rb"
+    m = util_spec "m", "1", nil, "lib/m.rb"
 
     install_gem g, :install_dir => Gem.dir
     install_gem m, :install_dir => Gem.dir
@@ -1595,7 +1635,7 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
     assert_equal \
       File.join(Gem.dir, "gems", "m-1"),
-      Gem::Dependency.new('m','1').to_spec.gem_dir,
+      Gem::Dependency.new("m","1").to_spec.gem_dir,
       "Wrong spec selected"
   end
 
@@ -1614,11 +1654,11 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
       f.puts "gem 'c'"
     end
 
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = path
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps(path) do
+      Gem.use_gemdeps
 
-    Gem.use_gemdeps
-
-    assert_equal add_bundler_full_name(%W(a-1 b-1 c-1)), loaded_spec_names
+      assert_equal add_bundler_full_name(%W[a-1 b-1 c-1]), loaded_spec_names
+    end
   end
 
   def test_auto_activation_of_used_gemdeps_file
@@ -1636,14 +1676,16 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
       f.puts "gem 'c'"
     end
 
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = "-"
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("-") do
+      expected_specs = [a, b, util_spec("bundler", Bundler::VERSION), c].compact.map(&:full_name)
 
-    expected_specs = [a, b, util_spec("bundler", Bundler::VERSION), c].compact
-    assert_equal expected_specs, Gem.use_gemdeps.sort_by { |s| s.name }
+      Gem.use_gemdeps
+
+      assert_equal expected_specs, loaded_spec_names
+    end
   end
 
-  LIB_PATH = File.expand_path "../../../lib".dup.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT), __FILE__.dup.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)
-  BUNDLER_LIB_PATH = File.expand_path $LOAD_PATH.find {|lp| File.file?(File.join(lp, "bundler.rb")) }.dup.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)
+  BUNDLER_LIB_PATH = File.expand_path $LOAD_PATH.find {|lp| File.file?(File.join(lp, "bundler.rb")) }
   BUNDLER_FULL_NAME = "bundler-#{Bundler::VERSION}".freeze
 
   def add_bundler_full_name(names)
@@ -1652,10 +1694,18 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     names
   end
 
-  def test_looks_for_gemdeps_files_automatically_on_start
-    skip "Requiring bundler messes things up" if Gem.java_platform?
+  def test_looks_for_gemdeps_files_automatically_from_binstubs
+    pend "Requiring bundler messes things up" if Gem.java_platform?
+
+    a = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executables = %w[foo]
+      s.bindir = "exe"
+    end
+
+    write_file File.join(@tempdir, "exe", "foo") do |fp|
+      fp.puts "puts Gem.loaded_specs.values.map(&:full_name).sort"
+    end
 
-    a = util_spec "a", "1", nil, "lib/a.rb"
     b = util_spec "b", "1", nil, "lib/b.rb"
     c = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/c.rb"
 
@@ -1666,32 +1716,45 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     install_gem b, :install_dir => path
     install_gem c, :install_dir => path
 
-    ENV['GEM_PATH'] = path
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = "-"
+    ENV["GEM_PATH"] = path
 
-    path = File.join @tempdir, "gem.deps.rb"
-    cmd = [Gem.ruby.dup.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT), "-I#{LIB_PATH.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)}",
-           "-I#{BUNDLER_LIB_PATH.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)}", "-rrubygems"]
-    cmd << "-eputs Gem.loaded_specs.values.map(&:full_name).sort"
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("-") do
+      new_PATH = [File.join(path, "bin"), ENV["PATH"]].join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
+      new_RUBYOPT = "-I#{rubygems_path} -I#{BUNDLER_LIB_PATH}"
 
-    File.open path, "w" do |f|
-      f.puts "gem 'a'"
-    end
-    out0 = IO.popen(cmd, &:read).split(/\n/)
+      path = File.join @tempdir, "gem.deps.rb"
 
-    File.open path, "a" do |f|
-      f.puts "gem 'b'"
-      f.puts "gem 'c'"
-    end
-    out = IO.popen(cmd, &:read).split(/\n/)
+      File.open path, "w" do |f|
+        f.puts "gem 'a'"
+      end
+      out0 = with_path_and_rubyopt(new_PATH, new_RUBYOPT) do
+        IO.popen("foo", &:read).split(/\n/)
+      end
+
+      File.open path, "a" do |f|
+        f.puts "gem 'b'"
+        f.puts "gem 'c'"
+      end
+      out = with_path_and_rubyopt(new_PATH, new_RUBYOPT) do
+        IO.popen("foo", &:read).split(/\n/)
+      end
 
-    assert_equal ["b-1", "c-1"], out - out0
+      assert_equal ["b-1", "c-1"], out - out0
+    end
   end
 
-  def test_looks_for_gemdeps_files_automatically_on_start_in_parent_dir
-    skip "Requiring bundler messes things up" if Gem.java_platform?
+  def test_looks_for_gemdeps_files_automatically_from_binstubs_in_parent_dir
+    pend "Requiring bundler messes things up" if Gem.java_platform?
+
+    a = util_spec "a", "1" do |s|
+      s.executables = %w[foo]
+      s.bindir = "exe"
+    end
+
+    write_file File.join(@tempdir, "exe", "foo") do |fp|
+      fp.puts "puts Gem.loaded_specs.values.map(&:full_name).sort"
+    end
 
-    a = util_spec "a", "1", nil, "lib/a.rb"
     b = util_spec "b", "1", nil, "lib/b.rb"
     c = util_spec "c", "1", nil, "lib/c.rb"
 
@@ -1702,30 +1765,35 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
     install_gem b, :install_dir => path
     install_gem c, :install_dir => path
 
-    ENV['GEM_PATH'] = path
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = "-"
+    ENV["GEM_PATH"] = path
 
-    Dir.mkdir "sub1"
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("-") do
+      Dir.mkdir "sub1"
 
-    path = File.join @tempdir, "gem.deps.rb"
-    cmd = [Gem.ruby.dup.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT), "-Csub1", "-I#{LIB_PATH.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)}",
-           "-I#{BUNDLER_LIB_PATH.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)}", "-rrubygems"]
-    cmd << "-eputs Gem.loaded_specs.values.map(&:full_name).sort"
+      new_PATH = [File.join(path, "bin"), ENV["PATH"]].join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
+      new_RUBYOPT = "-I#{rubygems_path} -I#{BUNDLER_LIB_PATH}"
 
-    File.open path, "w" do |f|
-      f.puts "gem 'a'"
-    end
-    out0 = IO.popen(cmd, &:read).split(/\n/)
+      path = File.join @tempdir, "gem.deps.rb"
 
-    File.open path, "a" do |f|
-      f.puts "gem 'b'"
-      f.puts "gem 'c'"
-    end
-    out = IO.popen(cmd, &:read).split(/\n/)
+      File.open path, "w" do |f|
+        f.puts "gem 'a'"
+      end
+      out0 = with_path_and_rubyopt(new_PATH, new_RUBYOPT) do
+        IO.popen("foo", :chdir => "sub1", &:read).split(/\n/)
+      end
+
+      File.open path, "a" do |f|
+        f.puts "gem 'b'"
+        f.puts "gem 'c'"
+      end
+      out = with_path_and_rubyopt(new_PATH, new_RUBYOPT) do
+        IO.popen("foo", :chdir => "sub1", &:read).split(/\n/)
+      end
 
-    Dir.rmdir "sub1"
+      Dir.rmdir "sub1"
 
-    assert_equal ["b-1", "c-1"], out - out0
+      assert_equal ["b-1", "c-1"], out - out0
+    end
   end
 
   def test_register_default_spec
@@ -1769,14 +1837,14 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps
-    gem_deps_file = 'gem.deps.rb'.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)
-    spec = util_spec 'a', 1
+    gem_deps_file = "gem.deps.rb".tap(&Gem::UNTAINT)
+    spec = util_spec "a", 1
     install_specs spec
 
-    spec = Gem::Specification.find { |s| s == spec }
+    spec = Gem::Specification.find {|s| s == spec }
     refute spec.activated?
 
-    File.open gem_deps_file, 'w' do |io|
+    File.open gem_deps_file, "w" do |io|
       io.write 'gem "a"'
     end
 
@@ -1784,146 +1852,126 @@ class TestGem < Gem::TestCase
 
     Gem.use_gemdeps gem_deps_file
 
-    assert_equal add_bundler_full_name(%W(a-1)), loaded_spec_names
+    assert_equal add_bundler_full_name(%W[a-1]), loaded_spec_names
     refute_nil Gem.gemdeps
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps_ENV
-    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'], nil
-
-    spec = util_spec 'a', 1
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps(nil) do
+      spec = util_spec "a", 1
 
-    refute spec.activated?
+      refute spec.activated?
 
-    File.open 'gem.deps.rb', 'w' do |io|
-      io.write 'gem "a"'
-    end
+      File.open "gem.deps.rb", "w" do |io|
+        io.write 'gem "a"'
+      end
 
-    Gem.use_gemdeps
+      Gem.use_gemdeps
 
-    refute spec.activated?
-  ensure
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = rubygems_gemdeps
+      refute spec.activated?
+    end
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps_argument_missing
-    e = assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      Gem.use_gemdeps 'gem.deps.rb'
+    e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+      Gem.use_gemdeps "gem.deps.rb"
     end
 
-    assert_equal 'Unable to find gem dependencies file at gem.deps.rb',
+    assert_equal "Unable to find gem dependencies file at gem.deps.rb",
                  e.message
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps_argument_missing_match_ENV
-    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] =
-      ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'], 'gem.deps.rb'
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("gem.deps.rb") do
+      e = assert_raise ArgumentError do
+        Gem.use_gemdeps "gem.deps.rb"
+      end
 
-    e = assert_raises ArgumentError do
-      Gem.use_gemdeps 'gem.deps.rb'
+      assert_equal "Unable to find gem dependencies file at gem.deps.rb",
+                   e.message
     end
-
-    assert_equal 'Unable to find gem dependencies file at gem.deps.rb',
-                 e.message
-  ensure
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = rubygems_gemdeps
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps_automatic
-    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'], '-'
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("-") do
+      spec = util_spec "a", 1
+      install_specs spec
+      spec = Gem::Specification.find {|s| s == spec }
 
-    spec = util_spec 'a', 1
-    install_specs spec
-    spec = Gem::Specification.find { |s| s == spec }
-
-    refute spec.activated?
+      refute spec.activated?
 
-    File.open 'Gemfile', 'w' do |io|
-      io.write 'gem "a"'
-    end
+      File.open "Gemfile", "w" do |io|
+        io.write 'gem "a"'
+      end
 
-    Gem.use_gemdeps
+      Gem.use_gemdeps
 
-    assert_equal add_bundler_full_name(%W(a-1)), loaded_spec_names
-  ensure
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = rubygems_gemdeps
+      assert_equal add_bundler_full_name(%W[a-1]), loaded_spec_names
+    end
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps_automatic_missing
-    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'], '-'
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("-") do
+      Gem.use_gemdeps
 
-    Gem.use_gemdeps
-
-    assert true # count
-  ensure
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = rubygems_gemdeps
+      assert true # count
+    end
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps_disabled
-    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'], ''
-
-    spec = util_spec 'a', 1
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("") do
+      spec = util_spec "a", 1
 
-    refute spec.activated?
+      refute spec.activated?
 
-    File.open 'gem.deps.rb', 'w' do |io|
-      io.write 'gem "a"'
-    end
+      File.open "gem.deps.rb", "w" do |io|
+        io.write 'gem "a"'
+      end
 
-    Gem.use_gemdeps
+      Gem.use_gemdeps
 
-    refute spec.activated?
-  ensure
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = rubygems_gemdeps
+      refute spec.activated?
+    end
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps_missing_gem
-    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'], 'x'
-
-    File.open 'x', 'w' do |io|
-      io.write 'gem "a"'
-    end
-
-    platform = Bundler::GemHelpers.generic_local_platform
-    if platform == Gem::Platform::RUBY
-      platform = ''
-    else
-      platform = " #{platform}"
-    end
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("x") do
+      File.open "x", "w" do |io|
+        io.write 'gem "a"'
+      end
 
-    expected = <<-EXPECTED
-Could not find gem 'a#{platform}' in any of the gem sources listed in your Gemfile.
-You may need to `gem install -g` to install missing gems
+      expected = <<-EXPECTED
+Could not find gem 'a' in locally installed gems.
+You may need to `bundle install` to install missing gems
 
-    EXPECTED
+      EXPECTED
 
-    Gem::Deprecate.skip_during do
-      assert_output nil, expected do
-        Gem.use_gemdeps
+      Gem::Deprecate.skip_during do
+        actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
+          Gem.use_gemdeps
+        end
+        assert_empty actual_stdout
+        assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
       end
     end
-  ensure
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = rubygems_gemdeps
   end
 
   def test_use_gemdeps_specific
-    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'], 'x'
+    with_rubygems_gemdeps("x") do
+      spec = util_spec "a", 1
+      install_specs spec
 
-    spec = util_spec 'a', 1
-    install_specs spec
-
-    spec = Gem::Specification.find { |s| s == spec }
-    refute spec.activated?
+      spec = Gem::Specification.find {|s| s == spec }
+      refute spec.activated?
 
-    File.open 'x', 'w' do |io|
-      io.write 'gem "a"'
-    end
+      File.open "x", "w" do |io|
+        io.write 'gem "a"'
+      end
 
-    Gem.use_gemdeps
+      Gem.use_gemdeps
 
-    assert_equal add_bundler_full_name(%W(a-1)), loaded_spec_names
-  ensure
-    ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS'] = rubygems_gemdeps
+      assert_equal add_bundler_full_name(%W[a-1]), loaded_spec_names
+    end
   end
 
   def test_operating_system_defaults
@@ -1943,8 +1991,8 @@ You may need to `gem install -g` to install missing gems
   # Ensure that `Gem.source_date_epoch` is consistent even if
   # $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH has not been set.
   def test_default_source_date_epoch_doesnt_change
-    old_epoch = ENV['SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH']
-    ENV['SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH'] = nil
+    old_epoch = ENV["SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"]
+    ENV["SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"] = nil
 
     # Unfortunately, there is no real way to test this aside from waiting
     # enough for `Time.now.to_i` to change -- which is a whole second.
@@ -1955,31 +2003,46 @@ You may need to `gem install -g` to install missing gems
     b = Gem.source_date_epoch
     assert_equal a, b
   ensure
-    ENV['SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH'] = old_epoch
+    ENV["SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"] = old_epoch
   end
 
+  private
+
   def ruby_install_name(name)
     with_clean_path_to_ruby do
-      orig_RUBY_INSTALL_NAME = RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name']
-      RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name'] = name
+      orig_RUBY_INSTALL_NAME = RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_install_name"]
+      RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_install_name"] = name
 
       begin
         yield
       ensure
         if orig_RUBY_INSTALL_NAME
-          RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name'] = orig_RUBY_INSTALL_NAME
+          RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_install_name"] = orig_RUBY_INSTALL_NAME
         else
-          RbConfig::CONFIG.delete 'ruby_install_name'
+          RbConfig::CONFIG.delete "ruby_install_name"
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
-  def with_bindir_and_exeext(bindir, exeext)
-    bindir(bindir) do
-      exeext(exeext) do
-        yield
-      end
+  def with_rb_config_ruby(path)
+    rb_config_singleton_class = class << RbConfig; self; end
+    orig_path = RbConfig.ruby
+
+    redefine_method(rb_config_singleton_class, :ruby, path)
+
+    yield
+  ensure
+    redefine_method(rb_config_singleton_class, :ruby, orig_path)
+  end
+
+  def redefine_method(base, method, new_result)
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "2.5"
+      base.alias_method(method, method)
+      base.define_method(method) { new_result }
+    else
+      base.send(:alias_method, method, method)
+      base.send(:define_method, method) { new_result }
     end
   end
 
@@ -1992,7 +2055,7 @@ You may need to `gem install -g` to install missing gems
     refute_includes $LOAD_PATH, test_plugin_path
     $LOAD_PATH.unshift test_plugin_path
 
-    capture_io do
+    capture_output do
       yield
     end
   ensure
@@ -2011,12 +2074,12 @@ You may need to `gem install -g` to install missing gems
   end
 
   def util_exec_gem
-    spec, _ = util_spec 'a', '4' do |s|
-      s.executables = ['exec', 'abin']
+    spec, _ = util_spec "a", "4" do |s|
+      s.executables = ["exec", "abin"]
     end
 
-    @exec_path = File.join spec.full_gem_path, spec.bindir, 'exec'
-    @abin_path = File.join spec.full_gem_path, spec.bindir, 'abin'
+    @exec_path = File.join spec.full_gem_path, spec.bindir, "exec"
+    @abin_path = File.join spec.full_gem_path, spec.bindir, "abin"
     spec
   end
 
@@ -2029,4 +2092,21 @@ You may need to `gem install -g` to install missing gems
     File.join Gem.dir, "cache"
   end
 
+  def with_path_and_rubyopt(path_value, rubyopt_value)
+    path, ENV["PATH"] = ENV["PATH"], path_value
+    rubyopt, ENV["RUBYOPT"] = ENV["RUBYOPT"], rubyopt_value
+
+    yield
+  ensure
+    ENV["PATH"] = path
+    ENV["RUBYOPT"] = rubyopt
+  end
+
+  def with_rubygems_gemdeps(value)
+    rubygems_gemdeps, ENV["RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS"] = ENV["RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS"], value
+
+    yield
+  ensure
+    ENV["RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS"] = rubygems_gemdeps
+  end
 end