rubyfox-server 2.3.0.pre2

data/lib/rubyfox/server/data/lib/Lib/ftplib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+"""An FTP client class and some helper functions.
+
+Based on RFC 959: File Transfer Protocol (FTP), by J. Postel and J. Reynolds
+
+Example:
+
+>>> from ftplib import FTP
+>>> ftp = FTP('ftp.python.org') # connect to host, default port
+>>> ftp.login() # default, i.e.: user anonymous, passwd anonymous@
+'230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.'
+>>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents
+total 9
+drwxr-xr-x   8 root     wheel        1024 Jan  3  1994 .
+drwxr-xr-x   8 root     wheel        1024 Jan  3  1994 ..
+drwxr-xr-x   2 root     wheel        1024 Jan  3  1994 bin
+drwxr-xr-x   2 root     wheel        1024 Jan  3  1994 etc
+d-wxrwxr-x   2 ftp      wheel        1024 Sep  5 13:43 incoming
+drwxr-xr-x   2 root     wheel        1024 Nov 17  1993 lib
+drwxr-xr-x   6 1094     wheel        1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub
+drwxr-xr-x   3 root     wheel        1024 Jan  3  1994 usr
+-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          312 Aug  1  1994 welcome.msg
+'226 Transfer complete.'
+>>> ftp.quit()
+'221 Goodbye.'
+>>>
+
+A nice test that reveals some of the network dialogue would be:
+python ftplib.py -d localhost -l -p -l
+"""
+
+#
+# Changes and improvements suggested by Steve Majewski.
+# Modified by Jack to work on the mac.
+# Modified by Siebren to support docstrings and PASV.
+#
+
+import os
+import sys
+import string
+
+# Import SOCKS module if it exists, else standard socket module socket
+try:
+    import SOCKS; socket = SOCKS; del SOCKS # import SOCKS as socket
+    from socket import getfqdn; socket.getfqdn = getfqdn; del getfqdn
+except ImportError:
+    import socket
+
+__all__ = ["FTP","Netrc"]
+
+# Magic number from <socket.h>
+MSG_OOB = 0x1                           # Process data out of band
+
+
+# The standard FTP server control port
+FTP_PORT = 21
+
+
+# Exception raised when an error or invalid response is received
+class Error(Exception): pass
+class error_reply(Error): pass          # unexpected [123]xx reply
+class error_temp(Error): pass           # 4xx errors
+class error_perm(Error): pass           # 5xx errors
+class error_proto(Error): pass          # response does not begin with [1-5]
+
+
+# All exceptions (hopefully) that may be raised here and that aren't
+# (always) programming errors on our side
+all_errors = (Error, socket.error, IOError, EOFError)
+
+
+# Line terminators (we always output CRLF, but accept any of CRLF, CR, LF)
+CRLF = '\r\n'
+
+
+# The class itself
+class FTP:
+
+    '''An FTP client class.
+
+    To create a connection, call the class using these argument:
+            host, user, passwd, acct
+    These are all strings, and have default value ''.
+    Then use self.connect() with optional host and port argument.
+
+    To download a file, use ftp.retrlines('RETR ' + filename),
+    or ftp.retrbinary() with slightly different arguments.
+    To upload a file, use ftp.storlines() or ftp.storbinary(),
+    which have an open file as argument (see their definitions
+    below for details).
+    The download/upload functions first issue appropriate TYPE
+    and PORT or PASV commands.
+'''
+
+    debugging = 0
+    host = ''
+    port = FTP_PORT
+    sock = None
+    file = None
+    welcome = None
+    passiveserver = 1
+
+    # Initialization method (called by class instantiation).
+    # Initialize host to localhost, port to standard ftp port
+    # Optional arguments are host (for connect()),
+    # and user, passwd, acct (for login())
+    def __init__(self, host='', user='', passwd='', acct=''):
+        if host:
+            self.connect(host)
+            if user: self.login(user, passwd, acct)
+
+    def connect(self, host = '', port = 0):
+        '''Connect to host.  Arguments are:
+        - host: hostname to connect to (string, default previous host)
+        - port: port to connect to (integer, default previous port)'''
+        if host: self.host = host
+        if port: self.port = port
+        msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list"
+        for res in socket.getaddrinfo(self.host, self.port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
+            af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+            try:
+                self.sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+                self.sock.connect(sa)
+            except socket.error, msg:
+                if self.sock:
+                    self.sock.close()
+                self.sock = None
+                continue
+            break
+        if not self.sock:
+            raise socket.error, msg
+        self.af = af
+        self.file = self.sock.makefile('rb')
+        self.welcome = self.getresp()
+        return self.welcome
+
+    def getwelcome(self):
+        '''Get the welcome message from the server.
+        (this is read and squirreled away by connect())'''
+        if self.debugging:
+            print '*welcome*', self.sanitize(self.welcome)
+        return self.welcome
+
+    def set_debuglevel(self, level):
+        '''Set the debugging level.
+        The required argument level means:
+        0: no debugging output (default)
+        1: print commands and responses but not body text etc.
+        2: also print raw lines read and sent before stripping CR/LF'''
+        self.debugging = level
+    debug = set_debuglevel
+
+    def set_pasv(self, val):
+        '''Use passive or active mode for data transfers.
+        With a false argument, use the normal PORT mode,
+        With a true argument, use the PASV command.'''
+        self.passiveserver = val
+
+    # Internal: "sanitize" a string for printing
+    def sanitize(self, s):
+        if s[:5] == 'pass ' or s[:5] == 'PASS ':
+            i = len(s)
+            while i > 5 and s[i-1] in '\r\n':
+                i = i-1
+            s = s[:5] + '*'*(i-5) + s[i:]
+        return `s`
+
+    # Internal: send one line to the server, appending CRLF
+    def putline(self, line):
+        line = line + CRLF
+        if self.debugging > 1: print '*put*', self.sanitize(line)
+        self.sock.sendall(line)
+
+    # Internal: send one command to the server (through putline())
+    def putcmd(self, line):
+        if self.debugging: print '*cmd*', self.sanitize(line)
+        self.putline(line)
+
+    # Internal: return one line from the server, stripping CRLF.
+    # Raise EOFError if the connection is closed
+    def getline(self):
+        line = self.file.readline()
+        if self.debugging > 1:
+            print '*get*', self.sanitize(line)
+        if not line: raise EOFError
+        if line[-2:] == CRLF: line = line[:-2]
+        elif line[-1:] in CRLF: line = line[:-1]
+        return line
+
+    # Internal: get a response from the server, which may possibly
+    # consist of multiple lines.  Return a single string with no
+    # trailing CRLF.  If the response consists of multiple lines,
+    # these are separated by '\n' characters in the string
+    def getmultiline(self):
+        line = self.getline()
+        if line[3:4] == '-':
+            code = line[:3]
+            while 1:
+                nextline = self.getline()
+                line = line + ('\n' + nextline)
+                if nextline[:3] == code and \
+                        nextline[3:4] != '-':
+                    break
+        return line
+
+    # Internal: get a response from the server.
+    # Raise various errors if the response indicates an error
+    def getresp(self):
+        resp = self.getmultiline()
+        if self.debugging: print '*resp*', self.sanitize(resp)
+        self.lastresp = resp[:3]
+        c = resp[:1]
+        if c == '4':
+            raise error_temp, resp
+        if c == '5':
+            raise error_perm, resp
+        if c not in '123':
+            raise error_proto, resp
+        return resp
+
+    def voidresp(self):
+        """Expect a response beginning with '2'."""
+        resp = self.getresp()
+        if resp[0] != '2':
+            raise error_reply, resp
+        return resp
+
+    def abort(self):
+        '''Abort a file transfer.  Uses out-of-band data.
+        This does not follow the procedure from the RFC to send Telnet
+        IP and Synch; that doesn't seem to work with the servers I've
+        tried.  Instead, just send the ABOR command as OOB data.'''
+        line = 'ABOR' + CRLF
+        if self.debugging > 1: print '*put urgent*', self.sanitize(line)
+        self.sock.sendall(line, MSG_OOB)
+        resp = self.getmultiline()
+        if resp[:3] not in ('426', '226'):
+            raise error_proto, resp
+
+    def sendcmd(self, cmd):
+        '''Send a command and return the response.'''
+        self.putcmd(cmd)
+        return self.getresp()
+
+    def voidcmd(self, cmd):
+        """Send a command and expect a response beginning with '2'."""
+        self.putcmd(cmd)
+        return self.voidresp()
+
+    def sendport(self, host, port):
+        '''Send a PORT command with the current host and the given
+        port number.
+        '''
+        hbytes = host.split('.')
+        pbytes = [`port/256`, `port%256`]
+        bytes = hbytes + pbytes
+        cmd = 'PORT ' + ','.join(bytes)
+        return self.voidcmd(cmd)
+
+    def sendeprt(self, host, port):
+        '''Send a EPRT command with the current host and the given port number.'''
+        af = 0
+        if self.af == socket.AF_INET:
+            af = 1
+        if self.af == socket.AF_INET6:
+            af = 2
+        if af == 0:
+            raise error_proto, 'unsupported address family'
+        fields = ['', `af`, host, `port`, '']
+        cmd = 'EPRT ' + string.joinfields(fields, '|')
+        return self.voidcmd(cmd)
+
+    def makeport(self):
+        '''Create a new socket and send a PORT command for it.'''
+        msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list"
+        sock = None
+        for res in socket.getaddrinfo(None, 0, self.af, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE):
+            af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+            try:
+                sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+                sock.bind(sa)
+            except socket.error, msg:
+                if sock:
+                    sock.close()
+                sock = None
+                continue
+            break
+        if not sock:
+            raise socket.error, msg
+        sock.listen(1)
+        port = sock.getsockname()[1] # Get proper port
+        host = self.sock.getsockname()[0] # Get proper host
+        if self.af == socket.AF_INET:
+            resp = self.sendport(host, port)
+        else:
+            resp = self.sendeprt(host, port)
+        return sock
+
+    def makepasv(self):
+        if self.af == socket.AF_INET:
+            host, port = parse227(self.sendcmd('PASV'))
+        else:
+            host, port = parse229(self.sendcmd('EPSV'), self.sock.getpeername())
+        return host, port
+
+    def ntransfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None):
+        """Initiate a transfer over the data connection.
+
+        If the transfer is active, send a port command and the
+        transfer command, and accept the connection.  If the server is
+        passive, send a pasv command, connect to it, and start the
+        transfer command.  Either way, return the socket for the
+        connection and the expected size of the transfer.  The
+        expected size may be None if it could not be determined.
+
+        Optional `rest' argument can be a string that is sent as the
+        argument to a RESTART command.  This is essentially a server
+        marker used to tell the server to skip over any data up to the
+        given marker.
+        """
+        size = None
+        if self.passiveserver:
+            host, port = self.makepasv()
+            af, socktype, proto, canon, sa = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM)[0]
+            conn = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+            conn.connect(sa)
+            if rest is not None:
+                self.sendcmd("REST %s" % rest)
+            resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)
+            if resp[0] != '1':
+                raise error_reply, resp
+        else:
+            sock = self.makeport()
+            if rest is not None:
+                self.sendcmd("REST %s" % rest)
+            resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)
+            if resp[0] != '1':
+                raise error_reply, resp
+            conn, sockaddr = sock.accept()
+        if resp[:3] == '150':
+            # this is conditional in case we received a 125
+            size = parse150(resp)
+        return conn, size
+
+    def transfercmd(self, cmd, rest=None):
+        """Like ntransfercmd() but returns only the socket."""
+        return self.ntransfercmd(cmd, rest)[0]
+
+    def login(self, user = '', passwd = '', acct = ''):
+        '''Login, default anonymous.'''
+        if not user: user = 'anonymous'
+        if not passwd: passwd = ''
+        if not acct: acct = ''
+        if user == 'anonymous' and passwd in ('', '-'):
+	    # If there is no anonymous ftp password specified
+	    # then we'll just use anonymous@
+	    # We don't send any other thing because:
+	    # - We want to remain anonymous
+	    # - We want to stop SPAM
+	    # - We don't want to let ftp sites to discriminate by the user,
+	    #   host or country.
+            passwd = passwd + 'anonymous@'
+        resp = self.sendcmd('USER ' + user)
+        if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd)
+        if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct)
+        if resp[0] != '2':
+            raise error_reply, resp
+        return resp
+
+    def retrbinary(self, cmd, callback, blocksize=8192, rest=None):
+        """Retrieve data in binary mode.
+
+        `cmd' is a RETR command.  `callback' is a callback function is
+        called for each block.  No more than `blocksize' number of
+        bytes will be read from the socket.  Optional `rest' is passed
+        to transfercmd().
+
+        A new port is created for you.  Return the response code.
+        """
+        self.voidcmd('TYPE I')
+        conn = self.transfercmd(cmd, rest)
+        while 1:
+            data = conn.recv(blocksize)
+            if not data:
+                break
+            callback(data)
+        conn.close()
+        return self.voidresp()
+
+    def retrlines(self, cmd, callback = None):
+        '''Retrieve data in line mode.
+        The argument is a RETR or LIST command.
+        The callback function (2nd argument) is called for each line,
+        with trailing CRLF stripped.  This creates a new port for you.
+        print_line() is the default callback.'''
+        if not callback: callback = print_line
+        resp = self.sendcmd('TYPE A')
+        conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
+        fp = conn.makefile('rb')
+        while 1:
+            line = fp.readline()
+            if self.debugging > 2: print '*retr*', `line`
+            if not line:
+                break
+            if line[-2:] == CRLF:
+                line = line[:-2]
+            elif line[-1:] == '\n':
+                line = line[:-1]
+            callback(line)
+        fp.close()
+        conn.close()
+        return self.voidresp()
+
+    def storbinary(self, cmd, fp, blocksize=8192):
+        '''Store a file in binary mode.'''
+        self.voidcmd('TYPE I')
+        conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
+        while 1:
+            buf = fp.read(blocksize)
+            if not buf: break
+            conn.sendall(buf)
+        conn.close()
+        return self.voidresp()
+
+    def storlines(self, cmd, fp):
+        '''Store a file in line mode.'''
+        self.voidcmd('TYPE A')
+        conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
+        while 1:
+            buf = fp.readline()
+            if not buf: break
+            if buf[-2:] != CRLF:
+                if buf[-1] in CRLF: buf = buf[:-1]
+                buf = buf + CRLF
+            conn.sendall(buf)
+        conn.close()
+        return self.voidresp()
+
+    def acct(self, password):
+        '''Send new account name.'''
+        cmd = 'ACCT ' + password
+        return self.voidcmd(cmd)
+
+    def nlst(self, *args):
+        '''Return a list of files in a given directory (default the current).'''
+        cmd = 'NLST'
+        for arg in args:
+            cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)
+        files = []
+        self.retrlines(cmd, files.append)
+        return files
+
+    def dir(self, *args):
+        '''List a directory in long form.
+        By default list current directory to stdout.
+        Optional last argument is callback function; all
+        non-empty arguments before it are concatenated to the
+        LIST command.  (This *should* only be used for a pathname.)'''
+        cmd = 'LIST'
+        func = None
+        if args[-1:] and type(args[-1]) != type(''):
+            args, func = args[:-1], args[-1]
+        for arg in args:
+            if arg:
+                cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)
+        self.retrlines(cmd, func)
+
+    def rename(self, fromname, toname):
+        '''Rename a file.'''
+        resp = self.sendcmd('RNFR ' + fromname)
+        if resp[0] != '3':
+            raise error_reply, resp
+        return self.voidcmd('RNTO ' + toname)
+
+    def delete(self, filename):
+        '''Delete a file.'''
+        resp = self.sendcmd('DELE ' + filename)
+        if resp[:3] in ('250', '200'):
+            return resp
+        elif resp[:1] == '5':
+            raise error_perm, resp
+        else:
+            raise error_reply, resp
+
+    def cwd(self, dirname):
+        '''Change to a directory.'''
+        if dirname == '..':
+            try:
+                return self.voidcmd('CDUP')
+            except error_perm, msg:
+                if msg.args[0][:3] != '500':
+                    raise
+        elif dirname == '':
+            dirname = '.'  # does nothing, but could return error
+        cmd = 'CWD ' + dirname
+        return self.voidcmd(cmd)
+
+    def size(self, filename):
+        '''Retrieve the size of a file.'''
+        # Note that the RFC doesn't say anything about 'SIZE'
+        resp = self.sendcmd('SIZE ' + filename)
+        if resp[:3] == '213':
+            s = resp[3:].strip()
+            try:
+                return int(s)
+            except (OverflowError, ValueError):
+                return long(s)
+
+    def mkd(self, dirname):
+        '''Make a directory, return its full pathname.'''
+        resp = self.sendcmd('MKD ' + dirname)
+        return parse257(resp)
+
+    def rmd(self, dirname):
+        '''Remove a directory.'''
+        return self.voidcmd('RMD ' + dirname)
+
+    def pwd(self):
+        '''Return current working directory.'''
+        resp = self.sendcmd('PWD')
+        return parse257(resp)
+
+    def quit(self):
+        '''Quit, and close the connection.'''
+        resp = self.voidcmd('QUIT')
+        self.close()
+        return resp
+
+    def close(self):
+        '''Close the connection without assuming anything about it.'''
+        if self.file:
+            self.file.close()
+            self.sock.close()
+            self.file = self.sock = None
+
+
+_150_re = None
+
+def parse150(resp):
+    '''Parse the '150' response for a RETR request.
+    Returns the expected transfer size or None; size is not guaranteed to
+    be present in the 150 message.
+    '''
+    if resp[:3] != '150':
+        raise error_reply, resp
+    global _150_re
+    if _150_re is None:
+        import re
+        _150_re = re.compile("150 .* \((\d+) bytes\)", re.IGNORECASE)
+    m = _150_re.match(resp)
+    if not m:
+        return None
+    s = m.group(1)
+    try:
+        return int(s)
+    except (OverflowError, ValueError):
+        return long(s)
+
+
+_227_re = None
+
+def parse227(resp):
+    '''Parse the '227' response for a PASV request.
+    Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2)'
+    Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''
+
+    if resp[:3] != '227':
+        raise error_reply, resp
+    global _227_re
+    if _227_re is None:
+        import re
+        _227_re = re.compile(r'(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+)')
+    m = _227_re.search(resp)
+    if not m:
+        raise error_proto, resp
+    numbers = m.groups()
+    host = '.'.join(numbers[:4])
+    port = (int(numbers[4]) << 8) + int(numbers[5])
+    return host, port
+
+
+def parse229(resp, peer):
+    '''Parse the '229' response for a EPSV request.
+    Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(|||port|)'
+    Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''
+
+    if resp[:3] <> '229':
+        raise error_reply, resp
+    left = string.find(resp, '(')
+    if left < 0: raise error_proto, resp
+    right = string.find(resp, ')', left + 1)
+    if right < 0:
+        raise error_proto, resp # should contain '(|||port|)'
+    if resp[left + 1] <> resp[right - 1]:
+        raise error_proto, resp
+    parts = string.split(resp[left + 1:right], resp[left+1])
+    if len(parts) <> 5:
+        raise error_proto, resp
+    host = peer[0]
+    port = string.atoi(parts[3])
+    return host, port
+
+
+def parse257(resp):
+    '''Parse the '257' response for a MKD or PWD request.
+    This is a response to a MKD or PWD request: a directory name.
+    Returns the directoryname in the 257 reply.'''
+
+    if resp[:3] != '257':
+        raise error_reply, resp
+    if resp[3:5] != ' "':
+        return '' # Not compliant to RFC 959, but UNIX ftpd does this
+    dirname = ''
+    i = 5
+    n = len(resp)
+    while i < n:
+        c = resp[i]
+        i = i+1
+        if c == '"':
+            if i >= n or resp[i] != '"':
+                break
+            i = i+1
+        dirname = dirname + c
+    return dirname
+
+
+def print_line(line):
+    '''Default retrlines callback to print a line.'''
+    print line
+
+
+def ftpcp(source, sourcename, target, targetname = '', type = 'I'):
+    '''Copy file from one FTP-instance to another.'''
+    if not targetname: targetname = sourcename
+    type = 'TYPE ' + type
+    source.voidcmd(type)
+    target.voidcmd(type)
+    sourcehost, sourceport = parse227(source.sendcmd('PASV'))
+    target.sendport(sourcehost, sourceport)
+    # RFC 959: the user must "listen" [...] BEFORE sending the
+    # transfer request.
+    # So: STOR before RETR, because here the target is a "user".
+    treply = target.sendcmd('STOR ' + targetname)
+    if treply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto  # RFC 959
+    sreply = source.sendcmd('RETR ' + sourcename)
+    if sreply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto  # RFC 959
+    source.voidresp()
+    target.voidresp()
+
+
+class Netrc:
+    """Class to parse & provide access to 'netrc' format files.
+
+    See the netrc(4) man page for information on the file format.
+
+    WARNING: This class is obsolete -- use module netrc instead.
+
+    """
+    __defuser = None
+    __defpasswd = None
+    __defacct = None
+
+    def __init__(self, filename=None):
+        if not filename:
+            if os.environ.has_key("HOME"):
+                filename = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"],
+                                        ".netrc")
+            else:
+                raise IOError, \
+                      "specify file to load or set $HOME"
+        self.__hosts = {}
+        self.__macros = {}
+        fp = open(filename, "r")
+        in_macro = 0
+        while 1:
+            line = fp.readline()
+            if not line: break
+            if in_macro and line.strip():
+                macro_lines.append(line)
+                continue
+            elif in_macro:
+                self.__macros[macro_name] = tuple(macro_lines)
+                in_macro = 0
+            words = line.split()
+            host = user = passwd = acct = None
+            default = 0
+            i = 0
+            while i < len(words):
+                w1 = words[i]
+                if i+1 < len(words):
+                    w2 = words[i + 1]
+                else:
+                    w2 = None
+                if w1 == 'default':
+                    default = 1
+                elif w1 == 'machine' and w2:
+                    host = w2.lower()
+                    i = i + 1
+                elif w1 == 'login' and w2:
+                    user = w2
+                    i = i + 1
+                elif w1 == 'password' and w2:
+                    passwd = w2
+                    i = i + 1
+                elif w1 == 'account' and w2:
+                    acct = w2
+                    i = i + 1
+                elif w1 == 'macdef' and w2:
+                    macro_name = w2
+                    macro_lines = []
+                    in_macro = 1
+                    break
+                i = i + 1
+            if default:
+                self.__defuser = user or self.__defuser
+                self.__defpasswd = passwd or self.__defpasswd
+                self.__defacct = acct or self.__defacct
+            if host:
+                if self.__hosts.has_key(host):
+                    ouser, opasswd, oacct = \
+                           self.__hosts[host]
+                    user = user or ouser
+                    passwd = passwd or opasswd
+                    acct = acct or oacct
+                self.__hosts[host] = user, passwd, acct
+        fp.close()
+
+    def get_hosts(self):
+        """Return a list of hosts mentioned in the .netrc file."""
+        return self.__hosts.keys()
+
+    def get_account(self, host):
+        """Returns login information for the named host.
+
+        The return value is a triple containing userid,
+        password, and the accounting field.
+
+        """
+        host = host.lower()
+        user = passwd = acct = None
+        if self.__hosts.has_key(host):
+            user, passwd, acct = self.__hosts[host]
+        user = user or self.__defuser
+        passwd = passwd or self.__defpasswd
+        acct = acct or self.__defacct
+        return user, passwd, acct
+
+    def get_macros(self):
+        """Return a list of all defined macro names."""
+        return self.__macros.keys()
+
+    def get_macro(self, macro):
+        """Return a sequence of lines which define a named macro."""
+        return self.__macros[macro]
+
+
+
+def test():
+    '''Test program.
+    Usage: ftp [-d] [-r[file]] host [-l[dir]] [-d[dir]] [-p] [file] ...'''
+
+    debugging = 0
+    rcfile = None
+    while sys.argv[1] == '-d':
+        debugging = debugging+1
+        del sys.argv[1]
+    if sys.argv[1][:2] == '-r':
+        # get name of alternate ~/.netrc file:
+        rcfile = sys.argv[1][2:]
+        del sys.argv[1]
+    host = sys.argv[1]
+    ftp = FTP(host)
+    ftp.set_debuglevel(debugging)
+    userid = passwd = acct = ''
+    try:
+        netrc = Netrc(rcfile)
+    except IOError:
+        if rcfile is not None:
+            sys.stderr.write("Could not open account file"
+                             " -- using anonymous login.")
+    else:
+        try:
+            userid, passwd, acct = netrc.get_account(host)
+        except KeyError:
+            # no account for host
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                    "No account -- using anonymous login.")
+    ftp.login(userid, passwd, acct)
+    for file in sys.argv[2:]:
+        if file[:2] == '-l':
+            ftp.dir(file[2:])
+        elif file[:2] == '-d':
+            cmd = 'CWD'
+            if file[2:]: cmd = cmd + ' ' + file[2:]
+            resp = ftp.sendcmd(cmd)
+        elif file == '-p':
+            ftp.set_pasv(not ftp.passiveserver)
+        else:
+            ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + file, \
+                           sys.stdout.write, 1024)
+    ftp.quit()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test()