rubyfb 0.5.2-x86-linux

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/rubyfb_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,805 @@
+# Author: Ken Kunz <kennethkunz@gmail.com>
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
+
+module FireRuby # :nodoc: all
+  NON_EXISTENT_DOMAIN_ERROR = "335544569"
+  class Database
+    def self.db_string_for(config)
+      unless config.has_key?(:database)
+        raise ArgumentError, "No database specified. Missing argument: database."
+      end
+      host_string = config.values_at(:host, :service, :port).compact.first(2).join("/") if config[:host]
+      [host_string, config[:database]].join(":")
+    end
+
+    def self.new_from_config(config)
+      db = new db_string_for(config)
+      db.character_set = config[:charset]
+      return db
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  class Base
+    def self.rubyfb_connection(config) # :nodoc:
+      require_library_or_gem 'rubyfb'
+      config.symbolize_keys!
+      db = FireRuby::Database.new_from_config(config)
+      connection_params = config.values_at(:username, :password)
+      connection = db.connect(*connection_params)
+      ConnectionAdapters::RubyfbAdapter.new(connection, logger, connection_params)
+    end
+
+    after_save :write_blobs
+    def write_blobs #:nodoc:
+      if connection.is_a?(ConnectionAdapters::RubyfbAdapter)
+        connection.write_blobs(self.class.table_name, self.class, attributes)
+      end
+    end
+
+    private :write_blobs
+  end
+
+  module ConnectionAdapters
+    class FirebirdColumn < Column # :nodoc:
+      VARCHAR_MAX_LENGTH = 32_765
+
+      def initialize(connection, name, domain, type, sub_type, length, precision, scale, default_source, null_flag)
+        @firebird_type = FireRuby::SQLType.to_base_type(type, sub_type).to_s
+
+        super(name.downcase, nil, @firebird_type, !null_flag)
+        
+        @limit = decide_limit(length)
+        @domain, @sub_type, @precision, @scale = domain, sub_type, precision, scale.abs
+        @type = simplified_type(@firebird_type)
+        @default = parse_default(default_source) if default_source
+        @default = type_cast(decide_default(connection)) if @default
+      end
+
+      def self.value_to_boolean(value)
+        %W(#{RubyfbAdapter.boolean_domain[:true]} true t 1).include? value.to_s.downcase
+      end
+
+      private
+        def parse_default(default_source)
+          default_source =~ /^\s*DEFAULT\s+(.*)\s*$/i
+          return $1 unless $1.upcase == "NULL"
+        end
+
+        def decide_default(connection)
+          if @default =~ /^'?(\d*\.?\d+)'?$/ or
+             @default =~ /^'(.*)'$/ && [:text, :string, :binary, :boolean].include?(type)
+            $1
+          else
+            firebird_cast_default(connection)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Submits a _CAST_ query to the database, casting the default value to the specified SQL type.
+        # This enables Firebird to provide an actual value when context variables are used as column
+        # defaults (such as CURRENT_TIMESTAMP).
+        def firebird_cast_default(connection)
+          sql = "SELECT CAST(#{@default} AS #{column_def}) FROM RDB$DATABASE"
+          connection.select_rows(sql).first[0]
+        end
+
+        def decide_limit(length)
+          if text? or number?
+            length
+          end
+        end
+
+        def column_def
+          case @firebird_type
+            when 'BLOB'               then "VARCHAR(#{VARCHAR_MAX_LENGTH})"
+            when 'CHAR', 'VARCHAR'    then "#{@firebird_type}(#{@limit})"
+            when 'NUMERIC', 'DECIMAL' then "#{@firebird_type}(#{@precision},#{@scale.abs})"
+            when 'DOUBLE'             then "DOUBLE PRECISION"
+            else @firebird_type
+          end
+        end
+
+        def simplified_type(field_type)
+          case field_type
+            when /timestamp/i
+              :datetime
+            when /decimal|numeric|number/i
+              @scale == 0 ? :integer : :decimal
+            when /blob/i
+              @subtype == 1 ? :text : :binary
+            else
+              if @domain =~ /boolean/i
+                :boolean
+              else
+                super
+              end
+          end
+        end
+    end
+
+    # The Firebird adapter relies on the FireRuby[http://rubyforge.org/projects/fireruby/]
+    # extension, version 0.4.0 or later (available as a gem or from
+    # RubyForge[http://rubyforge.org/projects/fireruby/]). FireRuby works with
+    # Firebird 1.5.x on Linux, OS X and Win32 platforms.
+    #
+    # == Usage Notes
+    #
+    # === Sequence (Generator) Names
+    # The Firebird adapter supports the same approach adopted for the Oracle
+    # adapter. See ActiveRecord::Base#set_sequence_name for more details.
+    #
+    # Note that in general there is no need to create a <tt>BEFORE INSERT</tt>
+    # trigger corresponding to a Firebird sequence generator when using
+    # ActiveRecord. In other words, you don't have to try to make Firebird
+    # simulate an <tt>AUTO_INCREMENT</tt> or +IDENTITY+ column. When saving a
+    # new record, ActiveRecord pre-fetches the next sequence value for the table
+    # and explicitly includes it in the +INSERT+ statement. (Pre-fetching the
+    # next primary key value is the only reliable method for the Firebird
+    # adapter to report back the +id+ after a successful insert.)
+    #
+    # === BOOLEAN Domain
+    # Firebird 1.5 does not provide a native +BOOLEAN+ type. But you can easily
+    # define a +BOOLEAN+ _domain_ for this purpose, e.g.:
+    #
+    #  CREATE DOMAIN D_BOOLEAN AS SMALLINT CHECK (VALUE IN (0, 1) OR VALUE IS NULL);
+    #
+    # When the Firebird adapter encounters a column that is based on a domain
+    # that includes "BOOLEAN" in the domain name, it will attempt to treat
+    # the column as a +BOOLEAN+.
+    #
+    # By default, the Firebird adapter will assume that the BOOLEAN domain is
+    # defined as above.  This can be modified if needed.  For example, if you
+    # have a legacy schema with the following +BOOLEAN+ domain defined:
+    #
+    #  CREATE DOMAIN BOOLEAN AS CHAR(1) CHECK (VALUE IN ('T', 'F'));
+    #
+    # ...you can add the following line to your <tt>environment.rb</tt> file:
+    #
+    #  ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::RubyfbAdapter.boolean_domain = { :true => 'T', :false => 'F' }
+    #
+    # === BLOB Elements
+    # The Firebird adapter currently provides only limited support for +BLOB+
+    # columns. You cannot currently retrieve a +BLOB+ as an IO stream.
+    # When selecting a +BLOB+, the entire element is converted into a String.
+    # +BLOB+ handling is supported by writing an empty +BLOB+ to the database on
+    # insert/update and then executing a second query to save the +BLOB+. 
+    #
+    # === Column Name Case Semantics
+    # Firebird and ActiveRecord have somewhat conflicting case semantics for
+    # column names.
+    #
+    # [*Firebird*]
+    #   The standard practice is to use unquoted column names, which can be
+    #   thought of as case-insensitive. (In fact, Firebird converts them to
+    #   uppercase.) Quoted column names (not typically used) are case-sensitive.
+    # [*ActiveRecord*]
+    #   Attribute accessors corresponding to column names are case-sensitive.
+    #   The defaults for primary key and inheritance columns are lowercase, and
+    #   in general, people use lowercase attribute names.
+    #
+    # In order to map between the differing semantics in a way that conforms
+    # to common usage for both Firebird and ActiveRecord, uppercase column names
+    # in Firebird are converted to lowercase attribute names in ActiveRecord,
+    # and vice-versa. Mixed-case column names retain their case in both
+    # directions. Lowercase (quoted) Firebird column names are not supported.
+    # This is similar to the solutions adopted by other adapters.
+    #
+    # In general, the best approach is to use unqouted (case-insensitive) column
+    # names in your Firebird DDL (or if you must quote, use uppercase column
+    # names). These will correspond to lowercase attributes in ActiveRecord.
+    #
+    # For example, a Firebird table based on the following DDL:
+    #
+    #  CREATE TABLE products (
+    #    id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    #    "TYPE" VARCHAR(50),
+    #    name VARCHAR(255) );
+    #
+    # ...will correspond to an ActiveRecord model class called +Product+ with
+    # the following attributes: +id+, +type+, +name+.
+    #
+    # ==== Quoting <tt>"TYPE"</tt> and other Firebird reserved words:
+    # In ActiveRecord, the default inheritance column name is +type+. The word
+    # _type_ is a Firebird reserved word, so it must be quoted in any Firebird
+    # SQL statements. Because of the case mapping described above, you should
+    # always reference this column using quoted-uppercase syntax
+    # (<tt>"TYPE"</tt>) within Firebird DDL or other SQL statements (as in the
+    # example above). This holds true for any other Firebird reserved words used
+    # as column names as well.
+    #
+    # === Migrations
+    # The Firebird Adapter now supports Migrations.
+    #
+    # ==== Create/Drop Table and Sequence Generators
+    # Creating or dropping a table will automatically create/drop a
+    # correpsonding sequence generator, using the default naming convension.
+    # You can specify a different name using the <tt>:sequence</tt> option; no
+    # generator is created if <tt>:sequence</tt> is set to +false+.
+    #
+    # ==== Rename Table
+    # The Firebird #rename_table Migration should be used with caution.
+    # Firebird 1.5 lacks built-in support for this feature, so it is
+    # implemented by making a copy of the original table (including column
+    # definitions, indexes and data records), and then dropping the original
+    # table. Constraints and Triggers are _not_ properly copied, so avoid
+    # this method if your original table includes constraints (other than
+    # the primary key) or triggers. (Consider manually copying your table
+    # or using a view instead.)
+    #
+    # == Connection Options
+    # The following options are supported by the Firebird adapter. None of the
+    # options have default values.
+    #
+    # <tt>:database</tt>::
+    #   <i>Required option.</i> Specifies one of: (i) a Firebird database alias;
+    #   (ii) the full path of a database file; _or_ (iii) a full Firebird
+    #   connection string. <i>Do not specify <tt>:host</tt>, <tt>:service</tt>
+    #   or <tt>:port</tt> as separate options when using a full connection
+    #   string.</i>
+    # <tt>:host</tt>::
+    #   Set to <tt>"remote.host.name"</tt> for remote database connections.
+    #   May be omitted for local connections if a full database path is
+    #   specified for <tt>:database</tt>. Some platforms require a value of
+    #   <tt>"localhost"</tt> for local connections when using a Firebird
+    #   database _alias_.
+    # <tt>:service</tt>::
+    #   Specifies a service name for the connection. Only used if <tt>:host</tt>
+    #   is provided. Required when connecting to a non-standard service.
+    # <tt>:port</tt>::
+    #   Specifies the connection port. Only used if <tt>:host</tt> is provided
+    #   and <tt>:service</tt> is not. Required when connecting to a non-standard
+    #   port and <tt>:service</tt> is not defined.
+    # <tt>:username</tt>::
+    #   Specifies the database user. May be omitted or set to +nil+ (together
+    #   with <tt>:password</tt>) to use the underlying operating system user
+    #   credentials on supported platforms.
+    # <tt>:password</tt>::
+    #   Specifies the database password. Must be provided if <tt>:username</tt>
+    #   is explicitly specified; should be omitted if OS user credentials are
+    #   are being used.
+    # <tt>:charset</tt>::
+    #   Specifies the character set to be used by the connection. Refer to
+    #   Firebird documentation for valid options.
+    class RubyfbAdapter < AbstractAdapter
+      TEMP_COLUMN_NAME = 'AR$TEMP_COLUMN'
+
+      @@boolean_domain = { :name => "d_boolean", :type => "smallint", :true => 1, :false => 0 }
+      cattr_accessor :boolean_domain
+
+      def initialize(connection, logger, connection_params = nil)
+        super(connection, logger)
+        @connection_params = connection_params
+      end
+
+      def adapter_name # :nodoc:
+        'Rubyfb'
+      end
+
+      def supports_migrations? # :nodoc:
+        true
+      end
+
+      def native_database_types # :nodoc:
+        {
+          :primary_key => "BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+          :string      => { :name => "varchar", :limit => 255 },
+          :text        => { :name => "blob sub_type text" },
+          :integer     => { :name => "bigint" },
+          :decimal     => { :name => "decimal" },
+          :numeric     => { :name => "numeric" },
+          :float       => { :name => "float" },
+          :datetime    => { :name => "timestamp" },
+          :timestamp   => { :name => "timestamp" },
+          :time        => { :name => "time" },
+          :date        => { :name => "date" },
+          :binary      => { :name => "blob sub_type 0" },
+          :boolean     => boolean_domain
+        }
+      end
+
+      # Returns true for Firebird adapter (since Firebird requires primary key
+      # values to be pre-fetched before insert). See also #next_sequence_value.
+      def prefetch_primary_key?(table_name = nil)
+        true
+      end
+
+      def default_sequence_name(table_name, primary_key = nil) # :nodoc:
+        "#{table_name}_seq"
+      end
+
+
+      # QUOTING ==================================================
+
+      # We use quoting in order to implement BLOB handling. In order to
+      # do this we quote a BLOB to an empty string which will force Firebird
+      # to create an empty BLOB in the db for us. Quoting is used in some
+      # other places besides insert/update like for column defaults. That is
+      # why we are checking caller to see where we're coming from. This isn't
+      # perfect but It works.
+      def quote(value, column = nil) # :nodoc:
+        if [Time, DateTime].include?(value.class)
+          "CAST('#{value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}' AS TIMESTAMP)"
+        elsif value && column && [:text, :binary].include?(column.type) && caller.to_s !~ /add_column_options!/i 
+          "''"
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def quote_string(string) # :nodoc:
+        string.gsub(/'/, "''")
+      end
+
+      def quote_column_name(column_name) # :nodoc:
+        %Q("#{ar_to_fb_case(column_name.to_s)}")
+      end
+
+      def quoted_true # :nodoc:
+        quote(boolean_domain[:true])
+      end
+
+      def quoted_false # :nodoc:
+        quote(boolean_domain[:false])
+      end
+
+
+      # CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================
+
+      def active? # :nodoc:
+	return false if @connection.closed?
+	begin
+		execute('select first 1 cast(1 as smallint) from rdb$database')
+		true
+	rescue
+		false
+	end
+      end
+
+      def disconnect! # :nodoc:
+        @connection.close rescue nil
+      end
+
+      def reconnect! # :nodoc:
+        disconnect!
+        @connection = @connection.database.connect(*@connection_params)
+      end
+
+
+      # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
+
+      def select_rows(sql, name = nil)
+        select_raw(sql, name).last
+      end
+
+      def execute(sql, name = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
+        exec_result = execute_statement(sql, name, &block)
+        if exec_result.instance_of?(FireRuby::ResultSet)
+          exec_result.close
+          exec_result = nil
+        end
+        return exec_result
+      end
+
+      def begin_db_transaction() # :nodoc:
+        @transaction = @connection.start_transaction
+      end
+
+      def commit_db_transaction() # :nodoc:
+        @transaction.commit
+      ensure
+        @transaction = nil
+      end
+
+      def rollback_db_transaction() # :nodoc:
+        @transaction.rollback
+      ensure
+        @transaction = nil
+      end
+
+      def add_limit_offset!(sql, options) # :nodoc:
+        if options[:limit]
+          limit_string = "FIRST #{options[:limit]}"
+          limit_string << " SKIP #{options[:offset]}" if options[:offset]
+          sql.sub!(/\A(\s*SELECT\s)/i, '\&' + limit_string + ' ')
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns the next sequence value from a sequence generator. Not generally
+      # called directly; used by ActiveRecord to get the next primary key value
+      # when inserting a new database record (see #prefetch_primary_key?).
+      def next_sequence_value(sequence_name)
+        FireRuby::Generator.new(sequence_name, @connection).next(1)
+      end
+
+      # Inserts the given fixture into the table. Overridden to properly handle blobs.
+      def insert_fixture(fixture, table_name)
+        super
+
+        klass = fixture.class_name.constantize rescue nil
+        if klass.respond_to?(:ancestors) && klass.ancestors.include?(ActiveRecord::Base)
+          write_blobs(table_name, klass, fixture)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Writes BLOB values from attributes, as indicated by the BLOB columns of klass.      
+      def write_blobs(table_name, klass, attributes)
+        id = quote(attributes[klass.primary_key])
+        klass.columns.select { |col| col.sql_type =~ /BLOB$/i }.each do |col|
+          value = attributes[col.name]
+          value = value.to_yaml if col.text? && klass.serialized_attributes[col.name]
+          value = value.read if value.respond_to?(:read)
+          next if value.nil?  || (value == '')
+          s = FireRuby::Statement.new(@connection, @transaction, "UPDATE #{table_name} set #{col.name} = ? WHERE #{klass.primary_key} = #{id}", 3)       
+          s.execute_for([value.to_s])
+          s.close
+        end
+      end
+
+
+      # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
+
+      def current_database # :nodoc:
+        file = @connection.database.file.split(':').last
+        File.basename(file, '.*')
+      end
+
+      def recreate_database! # :nodoc:
+        sql = "SELECT rdb$character_set_name FROM rdb$database"
+        charset = select_rows(sql).first[0].rstrip
+        disconnect!
+        @connection.database.drop(*@connection_params)
+        FireRuby::Database.create(@connection.database.file,
+          @connection_params[0], @connection_params[1], 4096, charset)
+      end
+
+      def tables(name = nil) # :nodoc:
+        sql = "SELECT rdb$relation_name FROM rdb$relations WHERE rdb$system_flag = 0"
+        select_rows(sql, name).collect { |row| row[0].rstrip.downcase }
+      end
+
+      def indexes(table_name, name = nil) # :nodoc:
+        index_metadata(table_name, false, name).inject([]) do |indexes, row|
+          if indexes.empty? or indexes.last.name != row[0]
+            indexes << IndexDefinition.new(table_name, row[0].rstrip.downcase, row[1] == 1, [])
+          end
+          indexes.last.columns << row[2].rstrip.downcase
+          indexes
+        end
+      end
+
+      def columns(table_name, name = nil) # :nodoc:
+        sql = <<-end_sql
+          SELECT r.rdb$field_name, r.rdb$field_source, f.rdb$field_type, f.rdb$field_sub_type,
+                 f.rdb$field_length, f.rdb$field_precision, f.rdb$field_scale,
+                 COALESCE(r.rdb$default_source, f.rdb$default_source) rdb$default_source,
+                 COALESCE(r.rdb$null_flag, f.rdb$null_flag) rdb$null_flag
+          FROM rdb$relation_fields r
+          JOIN rdb$fields f ON r.rdb$field_source = f.rdb$field_name
+          WHERE r.rdb$relation_name = '#{table_name.to_s.upcase}'
+          ORDER BY r.rdb$field_position
+        end_sql
+
+        select_rows(sql, name).collect do |row|
+          field_values = row.collect do |value|
+            case value
+              when String then value.rstrip
+              else value
+            end
+          end
+          FirebirdColumn.new(self, *field_values)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def create_table(name, options = {}) # :nodoc:
+        begin
+          super
+        rescue StatementInvalid
+          raise unless non_existent_domain_error?
+          create_boolean_domain
+          super
+        end
+        unless options[:id] == false or options[:sequence] == false
+          sequence_name = options[:sequence] || default_sequence_name(name)
+          create_sequence(sequence_name)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def drop_table(name, options = {}) # :nodoc:
+        super(name)
+        unless options[:sequence] == false
+          sequence_name = options[:sequence] || default_sequence_name(name)
+          drop_sequence(sequence_name) if sequence_exists?(sequence_name)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) # :nodoc:
+        super
+      rescue StatementInvalid
+        raise unless non_existent_domain_error?
+        create_boolean_domain
+        super
+      end
+
+      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) # :nodoc:
+        change_column_type(table_name, column_name, type, options)
+        change_column_position(table_name, column_name, options[:position]) if options.include?(:position)
+        change_column_default(table_name, column_name, options[:default]) if options_include_default?(options)
+        change_column_null(table_name, column_name, options[:null], options[:default]) if options.key?(:null)
+      end
+
+      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) # :nodoc:
+        table_name = table_name.to_s.upcase
+        sql = <<-end_sql
+          UPDATE rdb$relation_fields f1
+          SET f1.rdb$default_source =
+                (SELECT f2.rdb$default_source FROM rdb$relation_fields f2
+                 WHERE f2.rdb$relation_name = '#{table_name}'
+                 AND f2.rdb$field_name = '#{TEMP_COLUMN_NAME}'),
+              f1.rdb$default_value =
+                (SELECT f2.rdb$default_value FROM rdb$relation_fields f2
+                 WHERE f2.rdb$relation_name = '#{table_name}'
+                 AND f2.rdb$field_name = '#{TEMP_COLUMN_NAME}')
+          WHERE f1.rdb$relation_name = '#{table_name}'
+          AND f1.rdb$field_name = '#{ar_to_fb_case(column_name.to_s)}'
+        end_sql
+        transaction do
+          add_column(table_name, TEMP_COLUMN_NAME, :string, :default => default)
+          execute_statement(sql)
+          remove_column(table_name, TEMP_COLUMN_NAME)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
+        table_name = table_name.to_s.upcase
+        column_name = column_name.to_s.upcase
+
+        unless null || default.nil?
+          execute_statement("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
+        end
+        execute_statement("UPDATE RDB$RELATION_FIELDS SET RDB$NULL_FLAG = #{null ? 'null' : '1'} WHERE (RDB$FIELD_NAME = '#{column_name}') and (RDB$RELATION_NAME = '#{table_name}')")
+      end
+
+      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) # :nodoc:
+        execute_statement("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TO #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}")
+      end
+
+      def remove_index(table_name, options) #:nodoc:
+        execute_statement("DROP INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name(table_name, options))}")
+      end
+
+      def rename_table(name, new_name) # :nodoc:
+        if table_has_constraints_or_dependencies?(name)
+          raise ActiveRecordError,
+            "Table #{name} includes constraints or dependencies that are not supported by " <<
+            "the Firebird rename_table migration. Try explicitly removing the constraints/" <<
+            "dependencies first, or manually renaming the table."
+        end
+
+        transaction do
+          copy_table(name, new_name)
+          copy_table_indexes(name, new_name)
+        end
+        begin
+          copy_table_data(name, new_name)
+          copy_sequence_value(name, new_name)
+        rescue
+          drop_table(new_name)
+          raise
+        end
+        drop_table(name)
+      end
+
+      def dump_schema_information # :nodoc:
+        super << ";\n"
+      end
+
+      def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil) # :nodoc:
+        case type
+          when :integer then integer_sql_type(limit)
+          when :float   then float_sql_type(limit)
+          when :string  then super(type, limit, precision, scale)
+          else super(type, limit, precision, scale)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+        def execute_statement(sql, name = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
+	  @fbe = nil
+          log(sql, name) do
+	    begin
+              if @transaction
+                @connection.execute(sql, @transaction, &block)
+              else
+                @connection.execute_immediate(sql, &block)
+              end
+	    rescue Exception => e
+	      @fbe = e
+              raise e
+	    end
+          end
+	rescue Exception => se
+	  def se.nested=value
+	    @nested=value
+	  end
+	  def se.nested
+	    @nested
+	  end
+	  se.nested = @fbe
+	  raise se
+        end
+
+        def integer_sql_type(limit)
+          case limit
+            when (1..2) then 'smallint'
+            when (3..4) then 'integer'
+            else 'bigint'
+          end
+        end
+
+        def float_sql_type(limit)
+          limit.to_i <= 4 ? 'float' : 'double precision'
+        end
+
+        def select(sql, name = nil)
+          fields, rows = select_raw(sql, name)
+          result = []
+          for row in rows
+            row_hash = {}
+            fields.each_with_index do |f, i|
+              row_hash[f] = row[i]
+            end
+            result << row_hash
+          end
+          result
+        end
+
+        def select_raw(sql, name = nil)
+          fields = []
+          rows = []
+          execute_statement(sql, name) do |row|
+            array_row = []
+            row.each do |column, value|
+              fields << fb_to_ar_case(column) if row.number == 1
+
+              if FireRuby::Blob === value
+                temp = value.to_s
+                value.close
+                value = temp
+              end
+              array_row << value
+            end
+            rows << array_row
+          end
+          return fields, rows 
+        end
+
+        def primary_key(table_name)
+          if pk_row = index_metadata(table_name, true).to_a.first
+            pk_row[2].rstrip.downcase
+          end
+        end
+
+        def index_metadata(table_name, pk, name = nil)
+          sql = <<-end_sql
+            SELECT i.rdb$index_name, i.rdb$unique_flag, s.rdb$field_name
+            FROM rdb$indices i
+            JOIN rdb$index_segments s ON i.rdb$index_name = s.rdb$index_name
+            LEFT JOIN rdb$relation_constraints c ON i.rdb$index_name = c.rdb$index_name
+            WHERE i.rdb$relation_name = '#{table_name.to_s.upcase}'
+          end_sql
+          if pk
+            sql << "AND c.rdb$constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY'\n"
+          else
+            sql << "AND (c.rdb$constraint_type IS NULL OR c.rdb$constraint_type != 'PRIMARY KEY')\n"
+          end
+          sql << "ORDER BY i.rdb$index_name, s.rdb$field_position\n"
+          execute_statement(sql, name)
+        end
+
+        def change_column_type(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+          sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} TYPE #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit])}"
+          execute_statement(sql)
+        rescue StatementInvalid
+          raise unless non_existent_domain_error?
+          create_boolean_domain
+          execute_statement(sql)
+        end
+
+        def change_column_position(table_name, column_name, position)
+          execute_statement("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ALTER COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} POSITION #{position}")
+        end
+
+        def copy_table(from, to)
+          table_opts = {}
+          if pk = primary_key(from)
+            table_opts[:primary_key] = pk
+          else
+            table_opts[:id] = false
+          end
+          create_table(to, table_opts) do |table|
+            from_columns = columns(from).reject { |col| col.name == table_opts[:primary_key] }
+            from_columns.each do |column|
+              col_opts = [:limit, :default, :null].inject({}) { |opts, opt| opts.merge(opt => column.send(opt)) }
+              table.column column.name, column.type, col_opts
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def copy_table_indexes(from, to)
+          indexes(from).each do |index|
+            unless index.name[from.to_s]
+              raise ActiveRecordError,
+                "Cannot rename index #{index.name}, because the index name does not include " <<
+                "the original table name (#{from}). Try explicitly removing the index on the " <<
+                "original table and re-adding it on the new (renamed) table."
+            end
+            options = {}
+            options[:name] = index.name.gsub(from.to_s, to.to_s)
+            options[:unique] = index.unique
+            add_index(to, index.columns, options)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def copy_table_data(from, to)
+          execute_statement("INSERT INTO #{to} SELECT * FROM #{from}", "Copy #{from} data to #{to}")
+        end
+
+        def copy_sequence_value(from, to)
+          sequence_value = FireRuby::Generator.new(default_sequence_name(from), @connection).last
+          execute_statement("SET GENERATOR #{default_sequence_name(to)} TO #{sequence_value}")
+        end
+
+        def sequence_exists?(sequence_name)
+          FireRuby::Generator.exists?(sequence_name, @connection)
+        end
+
+        def create_sequence(sequence_name)
+          FireRuby::Generator.create(sequence_name.to_s, @connection)
+        end
+
+        def drop_sequence(sequence_name)
+          FireRuby::Generator.new(sequence_name.to_s, @connection).drop
+        end
+
+        def create_boolean_domain
+          sql = <<-end_sql
+            CREATE DOMAIN #{boolean_domain[:name]} AS #{boolean_domain[:type]}
+            CHECK (VALUE IN (#{quoted_true}, #{quoted_false}) OR VALUE IS NULL)
+          end_sql
+          execute_statement(sql) rescue nil
+        end
+
+        def table_has_constraints_or_dependencies?(table_name)
+          table_name = table_name.to_s.upcase
+          sql = <<-end_sql
+            SELECT 1 FROM rdb$relation_constraints
+            WHERE rdb$relation_name = '#{table_name}'
+            AND rdb$constraint_type IN ('UNIQUE', 'FOREIGN KEY', 'CHECK')
+            UNION
+            SELECT 1 FROM rdb$dependencies
+            WHERE rdb$depended_on_name = '#{table_name}'
+            AND rdb$depended_on_type = 0
+          end_sql
+          !select(sql).empty?
+        end
+
+        def non_existent_domain_error?
+          $!.message.include? FireRuby::NON_EXISTENT_DOMAIN_ERROR
+        end
+
+        # Maps uppercase Firebird column names to lowercase for ActiveRecord;
+        # mixed-case columns retain their original case.
+        def fb_to_ar_case(column_name)
+          column_name =~ /[[:lower:]]/ ? column_name : column_name.downcase
+        end
+
+        # Maps lowercase ActiveRecord column names to uppercase for Fierbird;
+        # mixed-case columns retain their original case.
+        def ar_to_fb_case(column_name)
+          column_name =~ /[[:upper:]]/ ? column_name : column_name.upcase
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end
+