rubydex 0.2.3-aarch64-linux → 0.2.5-aarch64-linux

data/rust/rubydex/src/operation/ruby_builder.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2915 @@
+//! Visit the Ruby AST and produce an ordered list of operations.
+//!
+//! Walks the parsed AST and produces `Vec<Operation>` that can later be applied
+//! by the applier to create definitions and declarations in a `LocalGraph`.
+
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
+
+use crate::diagnostic::{Diagnostic, Rule};
+use crate::model::comment::Comment;
+use crate::model::definitions::{DefinitionFlags, Parameter, ParameterStruct, Signatures};
+use crate::model::document::Document;
+use crate::model::identity_maps::IdentityHashMap;
+use crate::model::ids::{NameId, StringId, UriId};
+use crate::model::name::{Name, NameRef, ParentScope};
+use crate::model::string_ref::StringRef;
+use crate::model::visibility::Visibility;
+use crate::offset::Offset;
+use crate::operation::{self as op, AttrKind, MixinKind, Operation, Target};
+
+use ruby_prism::{ParseResult, Visit};
+
+/// The result of running the operation builder on a Ruby source file.
+///
+/// Contains the ordered operations and all interning data (strings, names, references)
+/// needed to later apply the operations to a graph.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct OperationBuilderResult {
+    pub uri_id: UriId,
+    pub document: Document,
+    pub operations: Vec<Operation>,
+    pub strings: IdentityHashMap<StringId, StringRef>,
+    pub names: IdentityHashMap<NameId, NameRef>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum Nesting {
+    /// A lexical scope (class/module keyword) that produces a new constant resolution scope.
+    LexicalScope { name_id: NameId, is_module: bool },
+    /// An owner that doesn't produce a lexical scope (Class.new/Module.new).
+    Owner { name_id: NameId, is_module: bool },
+    /// A method entry, used for instance variable ownership.
+    Method { receiver: Option<NestingReceiver> },
+}
+
+/// Tracks receiver info for methods on the nesting stack, so `method_receiver` can work
+/// without looking up definitions. Distinct from `operation::Target` which represents
+/// the source-level receiver without resolved names.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum NestingReceiver {
+    SelfReceiver(NameId),
+    ConstantReceiver(NameId),
+}
+
+struct VisibilityModifier {
+    visibility: Visibility,
+    is_inline: bool,
+    offset: Offset,
+}
+
+impl VisibilityModifier {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(visibility: Visibility, is_inline: bool, offset: Offset) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            visibility,
+            is_inline,
+            offset,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Visits the Ruby AST and produces an ordered list of operations.
+pub struct RubyOperationBuilder<'a> {
+    uri_id: UriId,
+    source: &'a str,
+    // Interning
+    strings: IdentityHashMap<StringId, StringRef>,
+    names: IdentityHashMap<NameId, NameRef>,
+    document: Document,
+    // State
+    comments: Vec<CommentGroup>,
+    nesting_stack: Vec<Nesting>,
+    visibility_stack: Vec<VisibilityModifier>,
+    pending_decorator_offset: Option<Offset>,
+    // Output
+    operations: Vec<Operation>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> RubyOperationBuilder<'a> {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(uri: String, source: &'a str) -> Self {
+        let uri_id = UriId::from(&uri);
+
+        Self {
+            uri_id,
+            source,
+            strings: IdentityHashMap::default(),
+            names: IdentityHashMap::default(),
+            document: Document::new(uri, source),
+            comments: Vec::new(),
+            nesting_stack: Vec::new(),
+            visibility_stack: vec![VisibilityModifier::new(Visibility::Private, false, Offset::new(0, 0))],
+            pending_decorator_offset: None,
+            operations: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn build(mut self) -> OperationBuilderResult {
+        let result = ruby_prism::parse(self.source.as_bytes());
+
+        for error in result.errors() {
+            self.add_diagnostic(
+                Rule::ParseError,
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&error.location()),
+                error.message().to_string(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        for warning in result.warnings() {
+            self.add_diagnostic(
+                Rule::ParseWarning,
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&warning.location()),
+                warning.message().to_string(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        self.comments = self.parse_comments_into_groups(&result);
+        self.visit(&result.node());
+
+        OperationBuilderResult {
+            uri_id: self.uri_id,
+            document: self.document,
+            operations: self.operations,
+            strings: self.strings,
+            names: self.names,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // -- Interning --
+
+    fn intern_string(&mut self, string: String) -> StringId {
+        let string_id = StringId::from(&string);
+
+        match self.strings.entry(string_id) {
+            Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                debug_assert!(string == **entry.get(), "StringId collision");
+                entry.get_mut().increment_ref_count(1);
+            }
+            Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                entry.insert(StringRef::new(string));
+            }
+        }
+
+        string_id
+    }
+
+    fn add_name(&mut self, name: Name) -> NameId {
+        let name_id = name.id();
+
+        match self.names.entry(name_id) {
+            Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
+                debug_assert!(*entry.get() == name, "NameId collision");
+                entry.get_mut().increment_ref_count(1);
+            }
+            Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                entry.insert(NameRef::Unresolved(Box::new(name)));
+            }
+        }
+
+        name_id
+    }
+
+    fn add_diagnostic(&mut self, rule: Rule, offset: Offset, message: String) {
+        let diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(rule, self.uri_id, offset, message);
+        self.document.add_diagnostic(diagnostic);
+    }
+
+    // -- Nesting helpers --
+
+    fn current_nesting_is_module(&self) -> bool {
+        self.nesting_stack
+            .iter()
+            .rev()
+            .find_map(|nesting| match nesting {
+                Nesting::LexicalScope { is_module, .. } | Nesting::Owner { is_module, .. } => Some(*is_module),
+                Nesting::Method { .. } => None,
+            })
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
+    fn current_lexical_scope_name_id(&self) -> Option<NameId> {
+        self.nesting_stack.iter().rev().find_map(|nesting| match nesting {
+            Nesting::LexicalScope { name_id, .. } => Some(*name_id),
+            Nesting::Owner { .. } | Nesting::Method { .. } => None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn current_owner_name_id(&self) -> Option<NameId> {
+        self.nesting_stack.iter().rev().find_map(|nesting| match nesting {
+            Nesting::LexicalScope { name_id, .. } | Nesting::Owner { name_id, .. } => Some(*name_id),
+            Nesting::Method { .. } => None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn current_visibility(&self) -> &VisibilityModifier {
+        self.visibility_stack
+            .last()
+            .expect("visibility stack should not be empty")
+    }
+
+    fn parse_comments_into_groups(&mut self, result: &ParseResult<'_>) -> Vec<CommentGroup> {
+        let mut iter = result.comments().peekable();
+        let mut groups = Vec::new();
+
+        while let Some(comment) = iter.next() {
+            let mut group = CommentGroup::new();
+            group.add_comment(&comment);
+            while let Some(next_comment) = iter.peek() {
+                if group.accepts(next_comment, self.source) {
+                    let next = iter.next().unwrap();
+                    group.add_comment(&next);
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            groups.push(group);
+        }
+        groups
+    }
+
+    fn location_to_string(location: &ruby_prism::Location) -> String {
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(location.as_slice()).to_string()
+    }
+
+    fn find_comments_for(&self, offset: u32) -> (Box<[Comment]>, DefinitionFlags) {
+        let offset_usize = offset as usize;
+        if self.comments.is_empty() {
+            return (Box::default(), DefinitionFlags::empty());
+        }
+
+        let idx = match self.comments.binary_search_by_key(&offset_usize, |g| g.end_offset) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                debug_assert!(false, "Comment ends exactly at definition start");
+                return (Box::default(), DefinitionFlags::empty());
+            }
+            Err(i) if i > 0 => i - 1,
+            Err(_) => return (Box::default(), DefinitionFlags::empty()),
+        };
+
+        let group = &self.comments[idx];
+        let between = &self.source.as_bytes()[group.end_offset..offset_usize];
+        if !between.iter().all(|&b| b.is_ascii_whitespace()) {
+            return (Box::default(), DefinitionFlags::empty());
+        }
+
+        if bytecount::count(between, b'\n') > 2 {
+            return (Box::default(), DefinitionFlags::empty());
+        }
+
+        (group.comments(), group.flags())
+    }
+
+    fn take_decorator_offset(&mut self, definition_start: u32) -> Option<u32> {
+        let decorator_offset = self.pending_decorator_offset.take()?;
+        if decorator_offset.end() > definition_start {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let between = &self.source.as_bytes()[decorator_offset.end() as usize..definition_start as usize];
+        if between.iter().all(|&b| b.is_ascii_whitespace()) && bytecount::count(between, b'\n') <= 1 {
+            Some(decorator_offset.start())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn index_constant_reference(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::Node, push_final_reference: bool) -> Option<NameId> {
+        let mut parent_scope_id = ParentScope::None;
+
+        let location = match node {
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } => {
+                let constant = node.as_constant_path_node().unwrap();
+
+                if let Some(parent) = constant.parent() {
+                    match parent {
+                        ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. } => {}
+                        _ => {
+                            self.add_diagnostic(
+                                Rule::DynamicConstantReference,
+                                Offset::from_prism_location(&parent.location()),
+                                "Dynamic constant reference".to_string(),
+                            );
+                            return None;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    parent_scope_id = self
+                        .index_constant_reference(&parent, true)
+                        .map_or(ParentScope::None, ParentScope::Some);
+                } else {
+                    parent_scope_id = ParentScope::TopLevel;
+                }
+
+                constant.name_loc()
+            }
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathWriteNode { .. } => {
+                let constant = node.as_constant_path_write_node().unwrap();
+                let target = constant.target();
+
+                if let Some(parent) = target.parent() {
+                    match parent {
+                        ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. } => {}
+                        _ => {
+                            return None;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    parent_scope_id = self
+                        .index_constant_reference(&parent, true)
+                        .map_or(ParentScope::None, ParentScope::Some);
+                } else {
+                    parent_scope_id = ParentScope::TopLevel;
+                }
+
+                target.name_loc()
+            }
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. } => node.location(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantAndWriteNode { .. } => node.as_constant_and_write_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantOperatorWriteNode { .. } => {
+                node.as_constant_operator_write_node().unwrap().name_loc()
+            }
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantOrWriteNode { .. } => node.as_constant_or_write_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantTargetNode { .. } => node.as_constant_target_node().unwrap().location(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantWriteNode { .. } => node.as_constant_write_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathTargetNode { .. } => {
+                let target = node.as_constant_path_target_node().unwrap();
+
+                if let Some(parent) = target.parent() {
+                    match parent {
+                        ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. } => {}
+                        _ => {
+                            return None;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    parent_scope_id = self
+                        .index_constant_reference(&parent, true)
+                        .map_or(ParentScope::None, ParentScope::Some);
+                } else {
+                    parent_scope_id = ParentScope::TopLevel;
+                }
+
+                target.name_loc()
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return None;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&location);
+        let name = Self::location_to_string(&location);
+        let string_id = self.intern_string(name);
+        let name_id = self.add_name(Name::new(
+            string_id,
+            parent_scope_id,
+            self.current_lexical_scope_name_id(),
+        ));
+
+        if push_final_reference {
+            self.operations
+                .push(Operation::ReferenceConstant(op::ReferenceConstant {
+                    name_id,
+                    uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                    offset,
+                }));
+        }
+
+        Some(name_id)
+    }
+
+    fn index_method_reference(&mut self, name: String, location: &ruby_prism::Location, receiver: Option<NameId>) {
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(location);
+        let str_id = self.intern_string(name);
+        self.operations.push(Operation::ReferenceMethod(op::ReferenceMethod {
+            str_id,
+            uri_id: self.uri_id,
+            offset,
+            receiver: receiver.map(Target::Constant),
+        }));
+    }
+
+    fn index_method_reference_for_call(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::CallNode) {
+        let method_receiver = self.method_receiver(node.receiver().as_ref(), node.location());
+
+        if method_receiver.is_none()
+            && let Some(receiver) = node.receiver()
+        {
+            self.visit(&receiver);
+        }
+
+        let message = String::from_utf8_lossy(node.name().as_slice()).to_string();
+        self.index_method_reference(message, &node.message_loc().unwrap(), method_receiver);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_call_node_parts(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::CallNode) {
+        if let Some(receiver) = node.receiver() {
+            self.visit(&receiver);
+        }
+        if let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() {
+            self.visit_arguments_node(&arguments);
+        }
+        if let Some(block) = node.block() {
+            self.visit(&block);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // -- Method receiver resolution --
+
+    fn method_receiver(
+        &mut self,
+        receiver: Option<&ruby_prism::Node>,
+        fallback_location: ruby_prism::Location,
+    ) -> Option<NameId> {
+        let mut is_singleton_name = false;
+
+        let name_id = match receiver {
+            Some(ruby_prism::Node::SelfNode { .. }) | None => match self.nesting_stack.last() {
+                Some(Nesting::LexicalScope { name_id, .. } | Nesting::Owner { name_id, .. }) => {
+                    is_singleton_name = true;
+                    Some(*name_id)
+                }
+                Some(Nesting::Method { receiver, .. }) => {
+                    if let Some(recv) = receiver {
+                        is_singleton_name = true;
+                        match recv {
+                            NestingReceiver::SelfReceiver(name_id) | NestingReceiver::ConstantReceiver(name_id) => {
+                                Some(*name_id)
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        self.current_owner_name_id()
+                    }
+                }
+                None => {
+                    let str_id = self.intern_string("Object".into());
+                    Some(self.add_name(Name::new(str_id, ParentScope::None, None)))
+                }
+            },
+            Some(ruby_prism::Node::CallNode { .. }) => {
+                let call_node = receiver.unwrap().as_call_node().unwrap();
+                if call_node.name().as_slice() == b"singleton_class" {
+                    is_singleton_name = true;
+                    self.method_receiver(call_node.receiver().as_ref(), call_node.location())
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            Some(node) => {
+                is_singleton_name = true;
+                self.index_constant_reference(node, true)
+            }
+        }?;
+
+        if !is_singleton_name {
+            return Some(name_id);
+        }
+
+        let singleton_class_name = {
+            let name = self.names.get(&name_id).expect("Indexed constant name should exist");
+
+            let target_str = self
+                .strings
+                .get(name.str())
+                .expect("Indexed constant string should exist");
+
+            format!("<{}>", target_str.as_str())
+        };
+
+        let string_id = self.intern_string(singleton_class_name);
+        let new_name_id = self.add_name(Name::new(string_id, ParentScope::Attached(name_id), None));
+
+        let location = receiver.map_or(fallback_location, ruby_prism::Node::location);
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&location);
+        self.operations
+            .push(Operation::ReferenceConstant(op::ReferenceConstant {
+                name_id: new_name_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset,
+            }));
+        Some(new_name_id)
+    }
+
+    // -- Parameters --
+
+    fn collect_parameters(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::DefNode) -> Vec<Parameter> {
+        let mut parameters: Vec<Parameter> = Vec::new();
+
+        let Some(parameters_list) = node.parameters() else {
+            return parameters;
+        };
+
+        for parameter in &parameters_list.requireds() {
+            let location = parameter.location();
+            let str_id = self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&location));
+            parameters.push(Parameter::RequiredPositional(ParameterStruct::new(
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&location),
+                str_id,
+            )));
+        }
+
+        for parameter in &parameters_list.optionals() {
+            let opt_param = parameter.as_optional_parameter_node().unwrap();
+            let name_loc = opt_param.name_loc();
+            let str_id = self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&name_loc));
+            parameters.push(Parameter::OptionalPositional(ParameterStruct::new(
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&name_loc),
+                str_id,
+            )));
+            self.visit(&opt_param.value());
+        }
+
+        if let Some(rest) = parameters_list.rest() {
+            let rest_param = rest.as_rest_parameter_node().unwrap();
+            let location = rest_param.name_loc().unwrap_or_else(|| rest.location());
+            let str_id = self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&location));
+            parameters.push(Parameter::RestPositional(ParameterStruct::new(
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&location),
+                str_id,
+            )));
+        }
+
+        for post in &parameters_list.posts() {
+            let location = post.location();
+            let str_id = self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&location));
+            parameters.push(Parameter::Post(ParameterStruct::new(
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&location),
+                str_id,
+            )));
+        }
+
+        for keyword in &parameters_list.keywords() {
+            match keyword {
+                ruby_prism::Node::RequiredKeywordParameterNode { .. } => {
+                    let required = keyword.as_required_keyword_parameter_node().unwrap();
+                    let name_loc = required.name_loc();
+                    let str_id =
+                        self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&name_loc).trim_end_matches(':').to_string());
+                    parameters.push(Parameter::RequiredKeyword(ParameterStruct::new(
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&name_loc),
+                        str_id,
+                    )));
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::OptionalKeywordParameterNode { .. } => {
+                    let optional = keyword.as_optional_keyword_parameter_node().unwrap();
+                    let name_loc = optional.name_loc();
+                    let str_id =
+                        self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&name_loc).trim_end_matches(':').to_string());
+                    parameters.push(Parameter::OptionalKeyword(ParameterStruct::new(
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&name_loc),
+                        str_id,
+                    )));
+                    self.visit(&optional.value());
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(rest) = parameters_list.keyword_rest() {
+            match rest {
+                ruby_prism::Node::KeywordRestParameterNode { .. } => {
+                    let location = rest
+                        .as_keyword_rest_parameter_node()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .name_loc()
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| rest.location());
+                    let str_id = self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&location));
+                    parameters.push(Parameter::RestKeyword(ParameterStruct::new(
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&location),
+                        str_id,
+                    )));
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::ForwardingParameterNode { .. } => {
+                    let location = rest.location();
+                    let str_id = self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&location));
+                    parameters.push(Parameter::Forward(ParameterStruct::new(
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&location),
+                        str_id,
+                    )));
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(block) = parameters_list.block() {
+            let location = block.name_loc().unwrap_or_else(|| block.location());
+            let str_id = self.intern_string(Self::location_to_string(&location));
+            parameters.push(Parameter::Block(ParameterStruct::new(
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&location),
+                str_id,
+            )));
+        }
+
+        parameters
+    }
+
+    // -- Helpers --
+
+    fn each_string_or_symbol_arg<F>(node: &ruby_prism::CallNode, mut f: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(String, ruby_prism::Location),
+    {
+        if let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() {
+            for argument in &arguments.arguments() {
+                match argument {
+                    ruby_prism::Node::SymbolNode { .. } => {
+                        let symbol = argument.as_symbol_node().unwrap();
+                        if let Some(value_loc) = symbol.value_loc() {
+                            let name = Self::location_to_string(&value_loc);
+                            f(name, value_loc);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ruby_prism::Node::StringNode { .. } => {
+                        let string = argument.as_string_node().unwrap();
+                        let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(string.unescaped()).to_string();
+                        f(name, argument.location());
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_promotable_value(value: &ruby_prism::Node) -> bool {
+        value
+            .as_call_node()
+            .is_some_and(|call| call.receiver().is_none() || call.call_operator_loc().is_some())
+    }
+
+    // -- Definition handlers --
+
+    fn handle_class_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        location: &ruby_prism::Location,
+        name_node: Option<&ruby_prism::Node>,
+        body_node: Option<ruby_prism::Node>,
+        superclass_node: Option<ruby_prism::Node>,
+        is_lexical_scope: bool,
+    ) {
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(location);
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+        let superclass_name = superclass_node.as_ref().and_then(|n| {
+            if let Some(id) = self.index_constant_reference(n, false) {
+                self.operations
+                    .push(Operation::ReferenceConstant(op::ReferenceConstant {
+                        name_id: id,
+                        uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                        offset: Offset::from_prism_location(&n.location()),
+                    }));
+                return Some(id);
+            }
+
+            if let ruby_prism::Node::CallNode { .. } = n {
+                let call = n.as_call_node().unwrap();
+                if let Some(receiver) = call.receiver()
+                    && let Some(id) = self.index_constant_reference(&receiver, false)
+                {
+                    self.operations
+                        .push(Operation::ReferenceConstant(op::ReferenceConstant {
+                            name_id: id,
+                            uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                            offset: Offset::from_prism_location(&receiver.location()),
+                        }));
+                    return Some(id);
+                }
+            }
+
+            None
+        });
+
+        if let Some(superclass_node) = superclass_node
+            && superclass_name.is_none()
+        {
+            self.add_diagnostic(
+                Rule::DynamicAncestor,
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&superclass_node.location()),
+                "Dynamic superclass".to_string(),
+            );
+        }
+
+        let (name_id, name_offset) = if let Some(name_node) = name_node {
+            let name_loc = match name_node {
+                ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } => name_node.as_constant_path_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+                ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathWriteNode { .. } => {
+                    name_node.as_constant_path_write_node().unwrap().target().name_loc()
+                }
+                _ => name_node.location(),
+            };
+            (
+                self.index_constant_reference(name_node, false),
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&name_loc),
+            )
+        } else {
+            let string_id = self.intern_string(format!("{}:{}<anonymous>", self.uri_id, offset.start()));
+            (
+                Some(self.add_name(Name::new(string_id, ParentScope::None, None))),
+                offset.clone(),
+            )
+        };
+
+        if let Some(name_id) = name_id {
+            self.operations.push(Operation::EnterClass(op::EnterClass {
+                name_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset: offset.clone(),
+                name_offset,
+                comments,
+                flags,
+                superclass_name,
+                is_lexical_scope,
+            }));
+
+            let nesting = if is_lexical_scope {
+                Nesting::LexicalScope {
+                    name_id,
+                    is_module: false,
+                }
+            } else {
+                Nesting::Owner {
+                    name_id,
+                    is_module: false,
+                }
+            };
+            self.nesting_stack.push(nesting);
+            self.visibility_stack
+                .push(VisibilityModifier::new(Visibility::Public, false, offset));
+            if let Some(body) = body_node {
+                self.visit(&body);
+            }
+            self.visibility_stack.pop();
+            self.nesting_stack.pop();
+            self.operations.push(Operation::ExitScope);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_module_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        location: &ruby_prism::Location,
+        name_node: Option<&ruby_prism::Node>,
+        body_node: Option<ruby_prism::Node>,
+        is_lexical_scope: bool,
+    ) {
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(location);
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+
+        let (name_id, name_offset) = if let Some(name_node) = name_node {
+            let name_loc = match name_node {
+                ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } => name_node.as_constant_path_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+                ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathWriteNode { .. } => {
+                    name_node.as_constant_path_write_node().unwrap().target().name_loc()
+                }
+                _ => name_node.location(),
+            };
+            (
+                self.index_constant_reference(name_node, false),
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&name_loc),
+            )
+        } else {
+            let string_id = self.intern_string(format!("{}:{}<anonymous>", self.uri_id, offset.start()));
+            (
+                Some(self.add_name(Name::new(string_id, ParentScope::None, None))),
+                offset.clone(),
+            )
+        };
+
+        if let Some(name_id) = name_id {
+            self.operations.push(Operation::EnterModule(op::EnterModule {
+                name_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset: offset.clone(),
+                name_offset,
+                comments,
+                flags,
+                is_lexical_scope,
+            }));
+
+            let nesting = if is_lexical_scope {
+                Nesting::LexicalScope {
+                    name_id,
+                    is_module: true,
+                }
+            } else {
+                Nesting::Owner {
+                    name_id,
+                    is_module: true,
+                }
+            };
+            self.nesting_stack.push(nesting);
+            self.visibility_stack
+                .push(VisibilityModifier::new(Visibility::Public, false, offset));
+            if let Some(body) = body_node {
+                self.visit(&body);
+            }
+            self.visibility_stack.pop();
+            self.nesting_stack.pop();
+            self.operations.push(Operation::ExitScope);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_dynamic_class_or_module(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::Node, value: &ruby_prism::Node) -> bool {
+        let Some(call_node) = value.as_call_node() else {
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        if call_node.name().as_slice() != b"new" {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        let Some(receiver) = call_node.receiver() else {
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        let receiver_name = receiver.location().as_slice();
+
+        if matches!(receiver_name, b"Module" | b"::Module") {
+            self.handle_module_definition(&node.location(), Some(node), call_node.block(), false);
+        } else if matches!(receiver_name, b"Class" | b"::Class") {
+            self.handle_class_definition(
+                &node.location(),
+                Some(node),
+                call_node.block(),
+                call_node.arguments().and_then(|args| args.arguments().iter().next()),
+                false,
+            );
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        self.index_method_reference_for_call(&call_node);
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn handle_mixin(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::CallNode, kind: MixinKind) {
+        let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let has_owner = self.current_owner_name_id().is_some();
+
+        let mixin_arguments = arguments
+            .arguments()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|arg| {
+                if arg.as_self_node().is_some() {
+                    if !has_owner {
+                        self.add_diagnostic(
+                            Rule::TopLevelMixinSelf,
+                            Offset::from_prism_location(&arg.location()),
+                            "Top level mixin self".to_string(),
+                        );
+                        return None;
+                    }
+
+                    Some((
+                        self.current_lexical_scope_name_id().unwrap(),
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&arg.location()),
+                    ))
+                } else if let Some(name_id) = self.index_constant_reference(&arg, false) {
+                    Some((name_id, Offset::from_prism_location(&arg.location())))
+                } else {
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::DynamicAncestor,
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&arg.location()),
+                        "Dynamic mixin argument".to_string(),
+                    );
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<(NameId, Offset)>>();
+
+        if mixin_arguments.is_empty() || !has_owner {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Mixin operations with multiple arguments are inserted in reverse
+        for (name_id, offset) in mixin_arguments.into_iter().rev() {
+            self.operations
+                .push(Operation::ReferenceConstant(op::ReferenceConstant {
+                    name_id,
+                    uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                    offset,
+                }));
+
+            self.operations.push(Operation::Mixin(op::Mixin {
+                kind,
+                target: Target::Constant(name_id),
+            }));
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_constant_visibility(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::CallNode, visibility: Visibility) {
+        let receiver = node.receiver();
+
+        let receiver_name_id = match receiver {
+            Some(ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. }) => {
+                self.index_constant_reference(&receiver.unwrap(), true)
+            }
+            Some(ruby_prism::Node::SelfNode { .. }) | None => match self.nesting_stack.last() {
+                Some(Nesting::Method { .. }) => return,
+                None => {
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::InvalidPrivateConstant,
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location()),
+                        "Private constant called at top level".to_string(),
+                    );
+                    return;
+                }
+                _ => None,
+            },
+            _ => {
+                self.add_diagnostic(
+                    Rule::InvalidPrivateConstant,
+                    Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location()),
+                    "Dynamic receiver for private constant".to_string(),
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        for argument in &arguments.arguments() {
+            let (name, location) = match argument {
+                ruby_prism::Node::SymbolNode { .. } => {
+                    let symbol = argument.as_symbol_node().unwrap();
+                    if let Some(value_loc) = symbol.value_loc() {
+                        (Self::location_to_string(&value_loc), value_loc)
+                    } else {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::StringNode { .. } => {
+                    let string = argument.as_string_node().unwrap();
+                    let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(string.unescaped()).to_string();
+                    (name, argument.location())
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::InvalidPrivateConstant,
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&argument.location()),
+                        "Private constant called with non-symbol argument".to_string(),
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+
+            let str_id = self.intern_string(name);
+            let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&location);
+
+            self.operations
+                .push(Operation::SetConstantVisibility(op::SetConstantVisibility {
+                    receiver: receiver_name_id.map(Target::Constant),
+                    target: str_id,
+                    visibility,
+                    uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                    offset,
+                    comments: Box::default(),
+                    flags: DefinitionFlags::empty(),
+                }));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // -- Constant definition helpers --
+
+    fn add_constant_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        node: &ruby_prism::Node,
+        also_add_reference: bool,
+        promotable: bool,
+    ) -> Option<()> {
+        let name_id = self.index_constant_reference(node, also_add_reference)?;
+
+        let location = match node {
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantWriteNode { .. } => node.as_constant_write_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantOrWriteNode { .. } => node.as_constant_or_write_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } => node.as_constant_path_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            _ => node.location(),
+        };
+
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&location);
+        let (comments, mut flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+        if promotable {
+            flags |= DefinitionFlags::PROMOTABLE;
+        }
+        self.operations.push(Operation::DefineConstant(op::DefineConstant {
+            name_id,
+            uri_id: self.uri_id,
+            offset,
+            comments,
+            flags,
+        }));
+
+        Some(())
+    }
+
+    fn index_constant_alias_target(&mut self, value: &ruby_prism::Node) -> Option<NameId> {
+        match value {
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } => {
+                self.index_constant_reference(value, true)
+            }
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantWriteNode { .. } => {
+                let node = value.as_constant_write_node().unwrap();
+                let target_name_id = self.index_constant_alias_target(&node.value())?;
+                self.add_constant_alias_definition(value, target_name_id, false);
+                Some(target_name_id)
+            }
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantOrWriteNode { .. } => {
+                let node = value.as_constant_or_write_node().unwrap();
+                let target_name_id = self.index_constant_alias_target(&node.value())?;
+                self.add_constant_alias_definition(value, target_name_id, false);
+                Some(target_name_id)
+            }
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathWriteNode { .. } => {
+                let node = value.as_constant_path_write_node().unwrap();
+                let target_name_id = self.index_constant_alias_target(&node.value())?;
+                self.add_constant_alias_definition(&node.target().as_node(), target_name_id, false);
+                Some(target_name_id)
+            }
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathOrWriteNode { .. } => {
+                let node = value.as_constant_path_or_write_node().unwrap();
+                let target_name_id = self.index_constant_alias_target(&node.value())?;
+                self.add_constant_alias_definition(&node.target().as_node(), target_name_id, true);
+                Some(target_name_id)
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add_constant_alias_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        name_node: &ruby_prism::Node,
+        target_name_id: NameId,
+        also_add_reference: bool,
+    ) -> Option<()> {
+        let name_id = self.index_constant_reference(name_node, also_add_reference)?;
+
+        let location = match name_node {
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantWriteNode { .. } => name_node.as_constant_write_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantOrWriteNode { .. } => name_node.as_constant_or_write_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } => name_node.as_constant_path_node().unwrap().name_loc(),
+            _ => name_node.location(),
+        };
+
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&location);
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+
+        self.operations.push(Operation::AliasConstant(op::AliasConstant {
+            name_id,
+            target_name_id,
+            uri_id: self.uri_id,
+            offset,
+            comments,
+            flags,
+        }));
+
+        Some(())
+    }
+
+    fn is_attr_call(arg: &ruby_prism::Node) -> bool {
+        arg.as_call_node().is_some_and(|call| {
+            let receiver = call.receiver();
+            let bare_or_self = receiver.is_none() || receiver.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.as_self_node().is_some());
+            bare_or_self
+                && matches!(
+                    call.name().as_slice(),
+                    b"attr" | b"attr_reader" | b"attr_writer" | b"attr_accessor"
+                )
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn handle_visibility_arguments(
+        &mut self,
+        arguments: &ruby_prism::ArgumentsNode,
+        visibility: Visibility,
+        call_offset: &Offset,
+        call_name: &str,
+    ) {
+        let args = arguments.arguments();
+        let arg_count = args.len();
+
+        for arg in &args {
+            if matches!(arg, ruby_prism::Node::DefNode { .. }) || (arg_count == 1 && Self::is_attr_call(&arg)) {
+                let previous_visibility = self.current_visibility().visibility;
+
+                self.operations
+                    .push(Operation::SetDefaultVisibility(op::SetDefaultVisibility {
+                        visibility,
+                        uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                        offset: call_offset.clone(),
+                    }));
+
+                self.visibility_stack
+                    .push(VisibilityModifier::new(visibility, true, call_offset.clone()));
+                self.visit(&arg);
+                self.visibility_stack.pop();
+
+                self.operations
+                    .push(Operation::SetDefaultVisibility(op::SetDefaultVisibility {
+                        visibility: previous_visibility,
+                        uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                        offset: call_offset.clone(),
+                    }));
+            } else if matches!(
+                arg,
+                ruby_prism::Node::SymbolNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::StringNode { .. }
+            ) {
+                self.create_method_visibility_operation(&arg, visibility, DefinitionFlags::empty());
+            } else {
+                let arg_offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&arg.location());
+                let message = if Self::is_attr_call(&arg) {
+                    format!("`{call_name}` with `attr_*` is only supported as a single argument")
+                } else {
+                    format!("`{call_name}` called with a non-literal argument")
+                };
+                self.add_diagnostic(Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility, arg_offset, message);
+                self.visit(&arg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create_method_visibility_operation(
+        &mut self,
+        arg: &ruby_prism::Node,
+        visibility: Visibility,
+        flags: DefinitionFlags,
+    ) {
+        let (name, location) = match arg {
+            ruby_prism::Node::SymbolNode { .. } => {
+                let symbol = arg.as_symbol_node().unwrap();
+                if let Some(value_loc) = symbol.value_loc() {
+                    (Self::location_to_string(&value_loc), value_loc)
+                } else {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            ruby_prism::Node::StringNode { .. } => {
+                let string = arg.as_string_node().unwrap();
+                let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(string.unescaped()).to_string();
+                (name, arg.location())
+            }
+            _ => return,
+        };
+
+        let str_id = self.intern_string(format!("{name}()"));
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&location);
+
+        self.operations
+            .push(Operation::SetMethodVisibility(op::SetMethodVisibility {
+                str_id,
+                visibility,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset,
+                flags,
+            }));
+    }
+
+    fn create_method_visibility_operation_from_name(
+        &mut self,
+        name: &str,
+        location: &ruby_prism::Location,
+        visibility: Visibility,
+        flags: DefinitionFlags,
+    ) {
+        let str_id = self.intern_string(format!("{name}()"));
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(location);
+
+        self.operations
+            .push(Operation::SetMethodVisibility(op::SetMethodVisibility {
+                str_id,
+                visibility,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset,
+                flags,
+            }));
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
+    fn handle_singleton_method_visibility(
+        &mut self,
+        node: &ruby_prism::CallNode,
+        visibility: Visibility,
+        call_name: &str,
+    ) {
+        match node.receiver() {
+            Some(ruby_prism::Node::SelfNode { .. }) | None => match self.nesting_stack.last() {
+                Some(Nesting::Method { .. }) => {
+                    self.visit_call_node_parts(node);
+                    return;
+                }
+                None => {
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location()),
+                        format!("`{call_name}` called at top level"),
+                    );
+                    self.visit_call_node_parts(node);
+                    return;
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            },
+            _ => {
+                self.visit_call_node_parts(node);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let args = arguments.arguments();
+        let arg_count = args.len();
+
+        for argument in &args {
+            match argument {
+                ruby_prism::Node::SymbolNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::StringNode { .. } => {
+                    self.create_method_visibility_operation(
+                        &argument,
+                        visibility,
+                        DefinitionFlags::SINGLETON_METHOD_VISIBILITY,
+                    );
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::ArrayNode { .. } if arg_count == 1 => {
+                    let array = argument.as_array_node().unwrap();
+                    for element in &array.elements() {
+                        match element {
+                            ruby_prism::Node::SymbolNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::StringNode { .. } => {
+                                self.create_method_visibility_operation(
+                                    &element,
+                                    visibility,
+                                    DefinitionFlags::SINGLETON_METHOD_VISIBILITY,
+                                );
+                            }
+                            ruby_prism::Node::DefNode { .. } => {
+                                let def_node = element.as_def_node().unwrap();
+                                if def_node.receiver().is_none() {
+                                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                                        Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                                        Offset::from_prism_location(&element.location()),
+                                        format!("`{call_name}` requires a singleton method definition"),
+                                    );
+                                    self.visit(&element);
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                                let name_loc = def_node.name_loc();
+                                let name = Self::location_to_string(&name_loc);
+                                self.create_method_visibility_operation_from_name(
+                                    &name,
+                                    &name_loc,
+                                    visibility,
+                                    DefinitionFlags::SINGLETON_METHOD_VISIBILITY,
+                                );
+                                self.visit(&element);
+                            }
+                            _ => {
+                                self.add_diagnostic(
+                                    Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                                    Offset::from_prism_location(&element.location()),
+                                    format!(
+                                        "`{call_name}` array element must be a Symbol, String, or method definition"
+                                    ),
+                                );
+                                self.visit(&element);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::DefNode { .. } => {
+                    let def_node = argument.as_def_node().unwrap();
+                    if def_node.receiver().is_none() {
+                        self.add_diagnostic(
+                            Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                            Offset::from_prism_location(&argument.location()),
+                            format!("`{call_name}` requires a singleton method definition"),
+                        );
+                        self.visit(&argument);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    let name_loc = def_node.name_loc();
+                    let name = Self::location_to_string(&name_loc);
+                    self.create_method_visibility_operation_from_name(
+                        &name,
+                        &name_loc,
+                        visibility,
+                        DefinitionFlags::SINGLETON_METHOD_VISIBILITY,
+                    );
+                    self.visit(&argument);
+                }
+                arg if Self::is_attr_call(&arg) => {
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&arg.location()),
+                        format!("`{call_name}` does not accept `attr_*` arguments"),
+                    );
+                    self.visit(&arg);
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::ArrayNode { .. } => {
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&argument.location()),
+                        format!("`{call_name}` array argument must be the only argument"),
+                    );
+                    self.visit(&argument);
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&argument.location()),
+                        format!("`{call_name}` called with a non-literal argument"),
+                    );
+                    self.visit(&argument);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add_global_variable_definition(&mut self, location: &ruby_prism::Location) {
+        let name = Self::location_to_string(location);
+        let str_id = self.intern_string(name);
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(location);
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+
+        self.operations
+            .push(Operation::DefineGlobalVariable(op::DefineGlobalVariable {
+                str_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset,
+                comments,
+                flags,
+            }));
+    }
+
+    fn add_instance_variable_definition(&mut self, location: &ruby_prism::Location) {
+        let name = Self::location_to_string(location);
+        let str_id = self.intern_string(name);
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(location);
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+
+        self.operations
+            .push(Operation::DefineInstanceVariable(op::DefineInstanceVariable {
+                str_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset,
+                comments,
+                flags,
+            }));
+    }
+
+    fn add_class_variable_definition(&mut self, location: &ruby_prism::Location) {
+        let name = Self::location_to_string(location);
+        let str_id = self.intern_string(name);
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(location);
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+
+        self.operations
+            .push(Operation::DefineClassVariable(op::DefineClassVariable {
+                str_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset,
+                comments,
+                flags,
+            }));
+    }
+}
+
+struct CommentGroup {
+    end_offset: usize,
+    comments: Vec<Comment>,
+    deprecated: bool,
+}
+
+impl CommentGroup {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            end_offset: 0,
+            comments: Vec::new(),
+            deprecated: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn accepts(&self, next: &ruby_prism::Comment, source: &str) -> bool {
+        let current_end_offset = self.end_offset;
+        let next_line_start_offset = next.location().start_offset();
+        let between = &source.as_bytes()[current_end_offset..next_line_start_offset];
+        if !between.iter().all(|&b| b.is_ascii_whitespace()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        bytecount::count(between, b'\n') <= 1
+    }
+
+    fn add_comment(&mut self, comment: &ruby_prism::Comment) {
+        self.end_offset = comment.location().end_offset();
+        let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(comment.location().as_slice()).to_string();
+        if text.lines().any(|line| line.starts_with("# @deprecated")) {
+            self.deprecated = true;
+        }
+        self.comments.push(Comment::new(
+            Offset::from_prism_location(&comment.location()),
+            text.trim().to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    fn comments(&self) -> Box<[Comment]> {
+        self.comments.clone().into_boxed_slice()
+    }
+
+    fn flags(&self) -> DefinitionFlags {
+        if self.deprecated {
+            DefinitionFlags::DEPRECATED
+        } else {
+            DefinitionFlags::empty()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// -- Visit implementation --
+
+impl Visit<'_> for RubyOperationBuilder<'_> {
+    fn visit_class_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ClassNode<'_>) {
+        self.handle_class_definition(
+            &node.location(),
+            Some(&node.constant_path()),
+            node.body(),
+            node.superclass(),
+            true,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn visit_module_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ModuleNode) {
+        self.handle_module_definition(&node.location(), Some(&node.constant_path()), node.body(), true);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_singleton_class_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::SingletonClassNode) {
+        let expression = node.expression();
+
+        let (attached_target, name_offset) = if expression.as_self_node().is_some() {
+            (
+                self.current_lexical_scope_name_id(),
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&expression.location()),
+            )
+        } else if matches!(
+            expression,
+            ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. }
+        ) {
+            (
+                self.index_constant_reference(&expression, true),
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&expression.location()),
+            )
+        } else {
+            self.visit(&expression);
+            self.add_diagnostic(
+                Rule::DynamicSingletonDefinition,
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location()),
+                "Dynamic singleton class definition".to_string(),
+            );
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let Some(attached_target) = attached_target else {
+            self.add_diagnostic(
+                Rule::DynamicSingletonDefinition,
+                Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location()),
+                "Dynamic singleton class definition".to_string(),
+            );
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location());
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+
+        let singleton_class_name = {
+            let name = self
+                .names
+                .get(&attached_target)
+                .expect("Attached target name should exist");
+            let target_str = self
+                .strings
+                .get(name.str())
+                .expect("Attached target string should exist");
+            format!("<{}>", target_str.as_str())
+        };
+
+        let string_id = self.intern_string(singleton_class_name);
+        let nesting = self.current_lexical_scope_name_id();
+        let name_id = self.add_name(Name::new(string_id, ParentScope::Attached(attached_target), nesting));
+        self.operations
+            .push(Operation::EnterSingletonClass(op::EnterSingletonClass {
+                name_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset: offset.clone(),
+                name_offset,
+                comments,
+                flags,
+            }));
+
+        self.nesting_stack.push(Nesting::LexicalScope {
+            name_id,
+            is_module: false,
+        });
+        self.visibility_stack
+            .push(VisibilityModifier::new(Visibility::Public, false, offset));
+        if let Some(body) = node.body() {
+            self.visit(&body);
+        }
+        self.visibility_stack.pop();
+        self.nesting_stack.pop();
+        self.operations.push(Operation::ExitScope);
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
+    fn visit_def_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::DefNode) {
+        let name = Self::location_to_string(&node.name_loc());
+        let str_id = self.intern_string(format!("{name}()"));
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location());
+        let parameters = self.collect_parameters(node);
+        let is_singleton = node.receiver().is_some();
+
+        let current_visibility = self.current_visibility();
+        let visibility = if is_singleton {
+            Visibility::Public
+        } else {
+            current_visibility.visibility
+        };
+        let offset_for_comments = if is_singleton {
+            offset.clone()
+        } else if current_visibility.is_inline {
+            current_visibility.offset.clone()
+        } else {
+            offset.clone()
+        };
+
+        let comment_offset = self
+            .take_decorator_offset(offset_for_comments.start())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| offset_for_comments.start());
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(comment_offset);
+
+        let (receiver, method_nesting_receiver) = if let Some(recv_node) = node.receiver() {
+            match recv_node {
+                ruby_prism::Node::SelfNode { .. } => {
+                    let nesting_name = self.current_owner_name_id();
+                    (
+                        Some(Target::ExplicitSelf),
+                        nesting_name.map(NestingReceiver::SelfReceiver),
+                    )
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. } => {
+                    let name_id = self.index_constant_reference(&recv_node, true);
+                    (
+                        name_id.map(Target::Constant),
+                        name_id.map(NestingReceiver::ConstantReceiver),
+                    )
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::DynamicSingletonDefinition,
+                        Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location()),
+                        "Dynamic receiver for singleton method definition".to_string(),
+                    );
+                    self.visit(&recv_node);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            (None, None)
+        };
+
+        if receiver.is_none() && visibility == Visibility::ModuleFunction {
+            // module_function: emit two EnterMethod/ExitScope pairs (singleton + instance),
+            // each visiting the body so ivars are associated with both methods.
+            let singleton_receiver = Some(Target::ExplicitSelf);
+            let body = node.body();
+
+            self.operations.push(Operation::EnterMethod(op::EnterMethod {
+                str_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset: offset.clone(),
+                comments: comments.clone(),
+                flags: flags.clone(),
+                signatures: Signatures::Simple(parameters.clone().into_boxed_slice()),
+                receiver: singleton_receiver,
+            }));
+            self.nesting_stack.push(Nesting::Method {
+                receiver: method_nesting_receiver,
+            });
+            if let Some(ref body) = body {
+                self.visit(body);
+            }
+            self.nesting_stack.pop();
+            self.operations.push(Operation::ExitScope);
+
+            self.operations.push(Operation::EnterMethod(op::EnterMethod {
+                str_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset: offset.clone(),
+                comments,
+                flags,
+                signatures: Signatures::Simple(parameters.into_boxed_slice()),
+                receiver,
+            }));
+            self.nesting_stack.push(Nesting::Method {
+                receiver: method_nesting_receiver,
+            });
+            if let Some(ref body) = body {
+                self.visit(body);
+            }
+            self.nesting_stack.pop();
+            self.operations.push(Operation::ExitScope);
+        } else {
+            // Singleton methods at top level have receiver=None (no class to point self to).
+            // Bracket with SetDefaultVisibility(Public) so the applier assigns the correct visibility.
+            let needs_singleton_visibility_bracket = is_singleton && receiver.is_none();
+            let previous_visibility = if needs_singleton_visibility_bracket {
+                let prev = self.current_visibility().visibility;
+                self.operations
+                    .push(Operation::SetDefaultVisibility(op::SetDefaultVisibility {
+                        visibility: Visibility::Public,
+                        uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                        offset: offset.clone(),
+                    }));
+                Some(prev)
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+
+            self.operations.push(Operation::EnterMethod(op::EnterMethod {
+                str_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset: offset.clone(),
+                comments,
+                flags,
+                signatures: Signatures::Simple(parameters.into_boxed_slice()),
+                receiver,
+            }));
+            self.nesting_stack.push(Nesting::Method {
+                receiver: method_nesting_receiver,
+            });
+            if let Some(body) = node.body() {
+                self.visit(&body);
+            }
+            self.nesting_stack.pop();
+            self.operations.push(Operation::ExitScope);
+
+            if let Some(prev) = previous_visibility {
+                self.operations
+                    .push(Operation::SetDefaultVisibility(op::SetDefaultVisibility {
+                        visibility: prev,
+                        uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                        offset: offset.clone(),
+                    }));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_and_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantAndWriteNode) {
+        self.index_constant_reference(&node.as_node(), true);
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_operator_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantOperatorWriteNode) {
+        self.index_constant_reference(&node.as_node(), true);
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_or_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantOrWriteNode) {
+        if let Some(target_name_id) = self.index_constant_alias_target(&node.value()) {
+            self.add_constant_alias_definition(&node.as_node(), target_name_id, true);
+        } else {
+            self.add_constant_definition(&node.as_node(), true, Self::is_promotable_value(&node.value()));
+            self.visit(&node.value());
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantWriteNode) {
+        let value = node.value();
+        if self.handle_dynamic_class_or_module(&node.as_node(), &value) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(target_name_id) = self.index_constant_alias_target(&value) {
+            self.add_constant_alias_definition(&node.as_node(), target_name_id, false);
+        } else {
+            self.add_constant_definition(&node.as_node(), false, Self::is_promotable_value(&value));
+            self.visit(&value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_path_and_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantPathAndWriteNode) {
+        self.visit_constant_path_node(&node.target());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_path_operator_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantPathOperatorWriteNode) {
+        self.visit_constant_path_node(&node.target());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_path_or_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantPathOrWriteNode) {
+        if let Some(target_name_id) = self.index_constant_alias_target(&node.value()) {
+            self.add_constant_alias_definition(&node.target().as_node(), target_name_id, true);
+        } else {
+            self.add_constant_definition(&node.target().as_node(), true, Self::is_promotable_value(&node.value()));
+            self.visit(&node.value());
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_path_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantPathWriteNode) {
+        let value = node.value();
+        if self.handle_dynamic_class_or_module(&node.as_node(), &value) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(target_name_id) = self.index_constant_alias_target(&value) {
+            self.add_constant_alias_definition(&node.target().as_node(), target_name_id, false);
+        } else {
+            self.add_constant_definition(&node.target().as_node(), false, Self::is_promotable_value(&value));
+            self.visit(&value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_read_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantReadNode<'_>) {
+        self.index_constant_reference(&node.as_node(), true);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_constant_path_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ConstantPathNode<'_>) {
+        self.index_constant_reference(&node.as_node(), true);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_multi_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::MultiWriteNode) {
+        for left in &node.lefts() {
+            match left {
+                ruby_prism::Node::ConstantTargetNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathTargetNode { .. } => {
+                    self.add_constant_definition(&left, false, true);
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::GlobalVariableTargetNode { .. } => {
+                    self.add_global_variable_definition(&left.location());
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::InstanceVariableTargetNode { .. } => {
+                    self.add_instance_variable_definition(&left.location());
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::ClassVariableTargetNode { .. } => {
+                    self.add_class_variable_definition(&left.location());
+                }
+                ruby_prism::Node::CallTargetNode { .. } => {
+                    let call_target_node = left.as_call_target_node().unwrap();
+                    let method_receiver = self.method_receiver(Some(&call_target_node.receiver()), left.location());
+
+                    if method_receiver.is_none() {
+                        self.visit(&call_target_node.receiver());
+                    }
+
+                    let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(call_target_node.name().as_slice()).to_string();
+                    self.index_method_reference(name, &call_target_node.location(), method_receiver);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
+    fn visit_call_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::CallNode) {
+        let index_attr = |kind: AttrKind, call: &ruby_prism::CallNode, builder: &mut Self| {
+            let receiver = call.receiver();
+            if receiver.is_some() && receiver.unwrap().as_self_node().is_none() {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            let call_offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&call.location());
+
+            let current_visibility = builder.current_visibility();
+            let offset_for_comments = if current_visibility.is_inline {
+                current_visibility.offset.clone()
+            } else {
+                call_offset
+            };
+
+            let comment_offset = builder
+                .take_decorator_offset(offset_for_comments.start())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| offset_for_comments.start());
+
+            Self::each_string_or_symbol_arg(call, |name, location| {
+                let str_id = builder.intern_string(format!("{name}()"));
+                let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&location);
+                let (comments, flags) = builder.find_comments_for(comment_offset);
+
+                builder.operations.push(Operation::DefineAttribute(op::DefineAttribute {
+                    kind,
+                    str_id,
+                    uri_id: builder.uri_id,
+                    offset,
+                    comments,
+                    flags,
+                }));
+            });
+        };
+
+        let message_loc = node.message_loc();
+        if message_loc.is_none() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let message = String::from_utf8_lossy(node.name().as_slice()).to_string();
+
+        match message.as_str() {
+            "attr_accessor" => {
+                index_attr(AttrKind::Accessor, node, self);
+            }
+            "attr_reader" => {
+                index_attr(AttrKind::Reader, node, self);
+            }
+            "attr_writer" => {
+                index_attr(AttrKind::Writer, node, self);
+            }
+            "attr" => {
+                let create_writer = if let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() {
+                    let args_vec: Vec<_> = arguments.arguments().iter().collect();
+                    matches!(args_vec.as_slice(), [_, ruby_prism::Node::TrueNode { .. }])
+                } else {
+                    false
+                };
+
+                if create_writer {
+                    index_attr(AttrKind::Accessor, node, self);
+                } else {
+                    index_attr(AttrKind::Reader, node, self);
+                }
+            }
+            "alias_method" => {
+                let recv_node = node.receiver();
+                let recv_ref = recv_node.as_ref();
+                if recv_ref.is_some_and(|recv| {
+                    !matches!(
+                        recv,
+                        ruby_prism::Node::SelfNode { .. }
+                            | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. }
+                            | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. }
+                    )
+                }) {
+                    self.visit_call_node_parts(node);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                let mut names: Vec<(String, Offset)> = Vec::new();
+                Self::each_string_or_symbol_arg(node, |name, location| {
+                    names.push((name, Offset::from_prism_location(&location)));
+                });
+
+                if names.len() != 2 {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                let (new_name, _new_offset) = &names[0];
+                let (old_name, old_offset) = &names[1];
+
+                let new_name_str_id = self.intern_string(format!("{new_name}()"));
+                let old_name_str_id = self.intern_string(format!("{old_name}()"));
+
+                let (receiver, method_receiver) = match recv_ref {
+                    Some(
+                        recv @ (ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. }),
+                    ) => {
+                        let name_id = self.index_constant_reference(recv, true);
+                        (name_id.map(Target::Constant), name_id)
+                    }
+                    _ => (None, self.method_receiver(recv_ref, node.location())),
+                };
+
+                let ref_str_id = self.intern_string(format!("{old_name}()"));
+                self.operations.push(Operation::ReferenceMethod(op::ReferenceMethod {
+                    str_id: ref_str_id,
+                    uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                    offset: old_offset.clone(),
+                    receiver: method_receiver.map(Target::Constant),
+                }));
+
+                let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location());
+                let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+
+                self.operations.push(Operation::AliasMethod(op::AliasMethod {
+                    new_name_str_id,
+                    old_name_str_id,
+                    uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                    offset,
+                    comments,
+                    flags,
+                    receiver,
+                }));
+            }
+            "include" => {
+                let receiver = node.receiver();
+                if receiver.is_none() || receiver.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.as_self_node().is_some()) {
+                    self.handle_mixin(node, MixinKind::Include);
+                } else {
+                    self.visit_call_node_parts(node);
+                }
+            }
+            "prepend" => {
+                let receiver = node.receiver();
+                if receiver.is_none() || receiver.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.as_self_node().is_some()) {
+                    self.handle_mixin(node, MixinKind::Prepend);
+                } else {
+                    self.visit_call_node_parts(node);
+                }
+            }
+            "extend" => {
+                let receiver = node.receiver();
+                if receiver.is_none() || receiver.as_ref().is_some_and(|r| r.as_self_node().is_some()) {
+                    self.handle_mixin(node, MixinKind::Extend);
+                } else {
+                    self.visit_call_node_parts(node);
+                }
+            }
+            "private" | "protected" | "public" | "module_function" => {
+                if node.receiver().is_some() {
+                    let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location());
+                    self.add_diagnostic(
+                        Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                        offset,
+                        format!("`{message}` cannot be called with an explicit receiver"),
+                    );
+                    self.visit_call_node_parts(node);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                let visibility = Visibility::from_string(message.as_str());
+                let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location());
+
+                if let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() {
+                    if visibility == Visibility::ModuleFunction && !self.current_nesting_is_module() {
+                        self.add_diagnostic(
+                            Rule::InvalidMethodVisibility,
+                            offset,
+                            "`module_function` can only be used in modules".to_string(),
+                        );
+                        self.visit_arguments_node(&arguments);
+                    } else {
+                        self.handle_visibility_arguments(&arguments, visibility, &offset, &message);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    let last_visibility = self.visibility_stack.last_mut().unwrap();
+                    *last_visibility = VisibilityModifier::new(visibility, false, offset);
+                    self.operations
+                        .push(Operation::SetDefaultVisibility(op::SetDefaultVisibility {
+                            visibility,
+                            uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                            offset: Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location()),
+                        }));
+                }
+            }
+            "new" => {
+                let receiver_name = node.receiver().map(|r| r.location().as_slice());
+
+                if matches!(receiver_name, Some(b"Class" | b"::Class")) {
+                    self.handle_class_definition(
+                        &node.location(),
+                        None,
+                        node.block(),
+                        node.arguments().and_then(|args| args.arguments().iter().next()),
+                        false,
+                    );
+                } else if matches!(receiver_name, Some(b"Module" | b"::Module")) {
+                    self.handle_module_definition(&node.location(), None, node.block(), false);
+                } else {
+                    if let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() {
+                        self.visit_arguments_node(&arguments);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(block) = node.block() {
+                        self.visit(&block);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                self.index_method_reference_for_call(node);
+            }
+            "sig"
+                if node.receiver().is_none()
+                    || matches!(
+                        node.receiver(),
+                        Some(ruby_prism::Node::ConstantPathNode { .. } | ruby_prism::Node::ConstantReadNode { .. })
+                    ) =>
+            {
+                self.pending_decorator_offset = Some(Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location()));
+
+                if let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() {
+                    self.visit_arguments_node(&arguments);
+                }
+                if let Some(block) = node.block() {
+                    self.visit(&block);
+                }
+                self.index_method_reference_for_call(node);
+            }
+            "private_constant" => {
+                self.handle_constant_visibility(node, Visibility::Private);
+            }
+            "public_constant" => {
+                self.handle_constant_visibility(node, Visibility::Public);
+            }
+            "private_class_method" => {
+                self.handle_singleton_method_visibility(node, Visibility::Private, "private_class_method");
+            }
+            "public_class_method" => {
+                self.handle_singleton_method_visibility(node, Visibility::Public, "public_class_method");
+            }
+            _ => {
+                if let Some(arguments) = node.arguments() {
+                    self.visit_arguments_node(&arguments);
+                }
+                if let Some(block) = node.block() {
+                    self.visit(&block);
+                }
+
+                let method_receiver = self.method_receiver(node.receiver().as_ref(), node.location());
+
+                if method_receiver.is_none()
+                    && let Some(receiver) = node.receiver()
+                {
+                    self.visit(&receiver);
+                }
+
+                self.index_method_reference(message.clone(), &node.message_loc().unwrap(), method_receiver);
+
+                match message.as_str() {
+                    ">" | "<" | ">=" | "<=" => {
+                        self.index_method_reference("<=>".to_string(), &node.message_loc().unwrap(), method_receiver);
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_call_and_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::CallAndWriteNode) {
+        let method_receiver = self.method_receiver(node.receiver().as_ref(), node.location());
+        if method_receiver.is_none()
+            && let Some(receiver) = node.receiver()
+        {
+            self.visit(&receiver);
+        }
+
+        let read_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(node.read_name().as_slice()).to_string();
+        self.index_method_reference(read_name, &node.operator_loc(), method_receiver);
+
+        let write_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(node.write_name().as_slice()).to_string();
+        self.index_method_reference(write_name, &node.operator_loc(), method_receiver);
+
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_call_operator_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::CallOperatorWriteNode) {
+        let method_receiver = self.method_receiver(node.receiver().as_ref(), node.location());
+        if method_receiver.is_none()
+            && let Some(receiver) = node.receiver()
+        {
+            self.visit(&receiver);
+        }
+
+        let read_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(node.read_name().as_slice()).to_string();
+        self.index_method_reference(read_name, &node.call_operator_loc().unwrap(), method_receiver);
+
+        let write_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(node.write_name().as_slice()).to_string();
+        self.index_method_reference(write_name, &node.call_operator_loc().unwrap(), method_receiver);
+
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_call_or_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::CallOrWriteNode) {
+        let method_receiver = self.method_receiver(node.receiver().as_ref(), node.location());
+        if method_receiver.is_none()
+            && let Some(receiver) = node.receiver()
+        {
+            self.visit(&receiver);
+        }
+
+        let read_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(node.read_name().as_slice()).to_string();
+        self.index_method_reference(read_name, &node.operator_loc(), method_receiver);
+
+        let write_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(node.write_name().as_slice()).to_string();
+        self.index_method_reference(write_name, &node.operator_loc(), method_receiver);
+
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_global_variable_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::GlobalVariableWriteNode) {
+        self.add_global_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_global_variable_and_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::GlobalVariableAndWriteNode<'_>) {
+        self.add_global_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_global_variable_or_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::GlobalVariableOrWriteNode<'_>) {
+        self.add_global_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_global_variable_operator_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::GlobalVariableOperatorWriteNode<'_>) {
+        self.add_global_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_instance_variable_and_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::InstanceVariableAndWriteNode) {
+        self.add_instance_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_instance_variable_operator_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::InstanceVariableOperatorWriteNode) {
+        self.add_instance_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_instance_variable_or_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::InstanceVariableOrWriteNode) {
+        self.add_instance_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_instance_variable_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::InstanceVariableWriteNode) {
+        self.add_instance_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_class_variable_and_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ClassVariableAndWriteNode) {
+        self.add_class_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_class_variable_operator_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ClassVariableOperatorWriteNode) {
+        self.add_class_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_class_variable_or_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ClassVariableOrWriteNode) {
+        self.add_class_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_class_variable_write_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::ClassVariableWriteNode) {
+        self.add_class_variable_definition(&node.name_loc());
+        self.visit(&node.value());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_block_argument_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::BlockArgumentNode<'_>) {
+        let expression = node.expression();
+        if let Some(expression) = expression {
+            match expression {
+                ruby_prism::Node::SymbolNode { .. } => {
+                    let symbol = expression.as_symbol_node().unwrap();
+                    let name = Self::location_to_string(&symbol.value_loc().unwrap());
+                    self.index_method_reference(name, &node.location(), None);
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    self.visit(&expression);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_alias_method_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::AliasMethodNode<'_>) {
+        let mut new_name = if let Some(symbol_node) = node.new_name().as_symbol_node() {
+            Self::location_to_string(&symbol_node.value_loc().unwrap())
+        } else {
+            Self::location_to_string(&node.new_name().location())
+        };
+
+        let mut old_name = if let Some(symbol_node) = node.old_name().as_symbol_node() {
+            Self::location_to_string(&symbol_node.value_loc().unwrap())
+        } else {
+            Self::location_to_string(&node.old_name().location())
+        };
+
+        new_name.push_str("()");
+        old_name.push_str("()");
+
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location());
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+        let new_name_str_id = self.intern_string(new_name);
+        let old_name_str_id = self.intern_string(old_name.clone());
+
+        self.operations.push(Operation::AliasMethod(op::AliasMethod {
+            new_name_str_id,
+            old_name_str_id,
+            uri_id: self.uri_id,
+            offset,
+            comments,
+            flags,
+            receiver: None,
+        }));
+
+        self.index_method_reference(old_name, &node.old_name().location(), None);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_alias_global_variable_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::AliasGlobalVariableNode<'_>) {
+        let new_name = Self::location_to_string(&node.new_name().location());
+        let old_name = Self::location_to_string(&node.old_name().location());
+        let new_name_str_id = self.intern_string(new_name);
+        let old_name_str_id = self.intern_string(old_name);
+        let offset = Offset::from_prism_location(&node.location());
+        let (comments, flags) = self.find_comments_for(offset.start());
+
+        self.operations
+            .push(Operation::AliasGlobalVariable(op::AliasGlobalVariable {
+                new_name_str_id,
+                old_name_str_id,
+                uri_id: self.uri_id,
+                offset,
+                comments,
+                flags,
+            }));
+    }
+
+    fn visit_and_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::AndNode) {
+        let left = node.left();
+        let method_receiver = self.method_receiver(Some(&left), left.location());
+
+        if method_receiver.is_none() {
+            self.visit(&left);
+        }
+
+        self.index_method_reference("&&".to_string(), &node.location(), method_receiver);
+        self.visit(&node.right());
+    }
+
+    fn visit_or_node(&mut self, node: &ruby_prism::OrNode) {
+        let left = node.left();
+        let method_receiver = self.method_receiver(Some(&left), left.location());
+
+        if method_receiver.is_none() {
+            self.visit(&left);
+        }
+
+        self.index_method_reference("||".to_string(), &node.location(), method_receiver);
+        self.visit(&node.right());
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::operation::printer;
+
+    fn build_operations(source: &str) -> OperationBuilderResult {
+        let source = crate::test_utils::normalize_indentation(source);
+        let builder = RubyOperationBuilder::new("file:///test.rb".to_string(), &source);
+        builder.build()
+    }
+
+    fn normalize_expected(expected: &str) -> String {
+        crate::test_utils::normalize_indentation(expected).trim().to_string()
+    }
+
+    fn assert_operations(source: &str, expected: &str) {
+        let result = build_operations(source);
+        let actual = printer::print_operations(&result.operations, &result.strings, &result.names, false);
+        let expected = normalize_expected(expected);
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected, "\n\nActual:\n{actual}\n\nExpected:\n{expected}\n");
+    }
+
+    fn assert_operations_with_references(source: &str, expected: &str) {
+        let result = build_operations(source);
+        let actual = printer::print_operations(&result.operations, &result.strings, &result.names, true);
+        let expected = normalize_expected(expected);
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected, "\n\nActual:\n{actual}\n\nExpected:\n{expected}\n");
+    }
+
+    // -- Namespace tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_class_node() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              class Bar; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              EnterClass(Bar)
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_class_with_qualified_name() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo::Bar; end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo::Bar)
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_class_with_superclass() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo < Bar; end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo, superclass: Bar)
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_module_node() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            module Foo
+              module Bar; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterModule(Foo)
+              EnterModule(Bar)
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_singleton_class() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              class << self
+                def bar; end
+              end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              EnterSingletonClass(Foo::<Foo>)
+                EnterMethod(bar())
+                ExitScope
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Method tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_def_node() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            def foo; end
+
+            class Foo
+              def bar; end
+              def self.baz; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterMethod(foo())
+            ExitScope
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              EnterMethod(bar())
+              ExitScope
+              EnterMethod(self.baz())
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_def_node_with_constant_receiver() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Bar
+              def Foo.quz; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Bar)
+              EnterMethod(Foo.quz())
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Visibility tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_default_visibility() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              private
+
+              def m1; end
+
+              public
+
+              def m2; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              SetDefaultVisibility(private)
+              EnterMethod(m1())
+              ExitScope
+              SetDefaultVisibility(public)
+              EnterMethod(m2())
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_inline_visibility() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            protected def m1; end
+            ",
+            "
+            SetDefaultVisibility(protected)
+            EnterMethod(m1())
+            ExitScope
+            SetDefaultVisibility(private)
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // TODO: `private :bar` with symbol args should produce SetMethodVisibility operations.
+    // This is one of the key motivations for the operation-based approach.
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_module_function() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            module Foo
+              module_function
+
+              def bar; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterModule(Foo)
+              SetDefaultVisibility(module_function)
+              EnterMethod(self.bar())
+              ExitScope
+              EnterMethod(bar())
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_module_function_with_ivar() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            module Foo
+              module_function
+
+              def bar
+                @x = 1
+              end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterModule(Foo)
+              SetDefaultVisibility(module_function)
+              EnterMethod(self.bar())
+                DefineInstanceVariable(@x)
+              ExitScope
+              EnterMethod(bar())
+                DefineInstanceVariable(@x)
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Constant tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_constant_write() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            FOO = 1
+
+            class Bar
+              BAZ = 2
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            DefineConstant(FOO)
+            EnterClass(Bar)
+              DefineConstant(BAZ)
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_constant_path_write() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            FOO::BAR = 1
+            ",
+            "
+            DefineConstant(FOO::BAR)
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_constant_alias() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            ALIAS = OtherConstant
+            ",
+            "
+            AliasConstant(ALIAS -> OtherConstant)
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_set_constant_visibility() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            module Foo
+              BAR = 42
+              private_constant :BAR
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterModule(Foo)
+              DefineConstant(BAR)
+              SetConstantVisibility(BAR, vis: private)
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_public_constant() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            module Foo
+              BAR = 42
+              public_constant :BAR
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterModule(Foo)
+              DefineConstant(BAR)
+              SetConstantVisibility(BAR, vis: public)
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_private_constant_multiple() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            module Foo
+              BAR = 42
+              BAZ = 43
+              private_constant :BAR, :BAZ
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterModule(Foo)
+              DefineConstant(BAR)
+              DefineConstant(BAZ)
+              SetConstantVisibility(BAR, vis: private)
+              SetConstantVisibility(BAZ, vis: private)
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Attribute tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_attr_accessor() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              attr_accessor :bar
+              attr_reader :baz
+              attr_writer :qux
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              DefineAttribute(accessor bar())
+              DefineAttribute(reader baz())
+              DefineAttribute(writer qux())
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_multiple_attr_accessors() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              attr_accessor :bar, :baz
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              DefineAttribute(accessor bar())
+              DefineAttribute(accessor baz())
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_attr_with_visibility() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              private
+
+              attr_reader :bar
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              SetDefaultVisibility(private)
+              DefineAttribute(reader bar())
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Mixin tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_mixins() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              include Bar
+              prepend Baz
+              extend Qux
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              Mixin(include, Bar)
+              Mixin(prepend, Baz)
+              Mixin(extend, Qux)
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Alias tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_alias_method() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              alias foo bar
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              AliasMethod(foo() -> bar())
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_alias_method_call() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              alias_method :new_name, :old_name
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              AliasMethod(new_name() -> old_name())
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_alias_global_variable() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            alias $new $old
+            ",
+            "
+            AliasGlobalVariable($new -> $old)
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Variable tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_instance_variable() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              def initialize
+                @bar = 1
+              end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              EnterMethod(initialize())
+                DefineInstanceVariable(@bar)
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_class_variable() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              @@bar = 1
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              DefineClassVariable(@@bar)
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_global_variable() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            $foo = 1
+            ",
+            "
+            DefineGlobalVariable($foo)
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Reference tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_constant_references() {
+        assert_operations_with_references(
+            "
+            Foo
+            ",
+            "
+            ReferenceConstant(Foo)
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_method_references() {
+        assert_operations_with_references(
+            "
+            foo
+            ",
+            "
+            ReferenceMethod(foo)
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    // -- Ordering tests --
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_operations_ordering_with_visibility() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              def m1; end
+              private
+              def m2; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              EnterMethod(m1())
+              ExitScope
+              SetDefaultVisibility(private)
+              EnterMethod(m2())
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_visibility_resets_in_nested_class() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              private
+
+              class Bar
+                def m1; end
+              end
+
+              def m2; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              SetDefaultVisibility(private)
+              EnterClass(Bar)
+                EnterMethod(m1())
+                ExitScope
+              ExitScope
+              EnterMethod(m2())
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_visibility_in_singleton_class() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            class Foo
+              protected
+
+              class << self
+                def m1; end
+
+                private
+
+                def m2; end
+              end
+
+              def m3; end
+            end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterClass(Foo)
+              SetDefaultVisibility(protected)
+              EnterSingletonClass(Foo::<Foo>)
+                EnterMethod(m1())
+                ExitScope
+                SetDefaultVisibility(private)
+                EnterMethod(m2())
+                ExitScope
+              ExitScope
+              EnterMethod(m3())
+              ExitScope
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_top_level_method_visibility() {
+        assert_operations(
+            "
+            def m1; end
+
+            protected def m2; end
+
+            public
+
+            def m3; end
+            ",
+            "
+            EnterMethod(m1())
+            ExitScope
+            SetDefaultVisibility(protected)
+            EnterMethod(m2())
+            ExitScope
+            SetDefaultVisibility(private)
+            SetDefaultVisibility(public)
+            EnterMethod(m3())
+            ExitScope
+            ",
+        );
+    }
+}