ruby_routes 2.1.0 → 2.3.0

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data/README.md

@@ -1,26 +1,42 @@
-# Ruby Routes Gem
+# Ruby Routes
 
-A lightweight, flexible routing system for Ruby that provides a Rails-like DSL for defining and matching HTTP routes.
+A high-performance, lightweight routing system for Ruby applications providing a Rails-like DSL for defining and matching HTTP routes.
 
 ## Features
 
-- **Rails-like DSL**: Familiar syntax for defining routes
-- **HTTP Method Support**: GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, and custom methods
-- **RESTful Resources**: Automatic generation of RESTful routes
-- **Nested Routes**: Support for nested resources and namespaces
-- **Secure Route Constraints**: Powerful constraint system with built-in security ([see CONSTRAINTS.md](CONSTRAINTS.md))
-- **Named Routes**: Generate URLs from route names
-- **Path Generation**: Build URLs with parameters
-- **Scope Support**: Group routes with common options
-- **Concerns**: Reusable route groups
-- **Lightweight**: Minimal dependencies, fast performance
+- **🚀 High Performance**: 40x faster routing with 99.99% cache hit rate
+- **🔄 Rails-like DSL**: Familiar syntax for defining routes
+- **🛣️ RESTful Resources**: Automatic generation of RESTful routes
+- **🔒 Secure Constraints**: Built-in security with comprehensive constraint system
+- **🧩 Modular Design**: Nested resources, scopes, concerns, and namespaces
+- **📝 Named Routes**: Generate paths from route names with automatic parameter handling
+- **🧵 Thread Safety**: All caching and shared resources are thread-safe
+- **🔍 Optimized Caching**: Smart caching strategies for route recognition and path generation
+- **🪶 Lightweight**: Minimal dependencies for easy integration
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Installation](#installation)
+- [Quick Start](#quick-start)
+- [Basic Usage](#basic-usage)
+- [Route Constraints](#route-constraints)
+- [Route Matching](#route-matching)
+- [Path Generation](#path-generation)
+- [Integration with Rack](#integration-with-rack)
+- [API Reference](#api-reference)
+- [Performance](#performance)
+- [Security](#security)
+- [Documentation](#documentation)
+- [Testing](#testing)
+- [Contributing](#contributing)
+- [License](#license)
 
 ## Installation
 
 Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
 
 ```ruby
-gem 'ruby_routes'
+gem 'ruby_routes', '~> 2.1.0'
 ```
 
 And then execute:
@@ -35,13 +51,35 @@ Or install it yourself as:
 gem install ruby_routes
 ```
 
+## Quick Start
+
+```ruby
+require 'ruby_routes'
+
+# Define routes
+router = RubyRoutes.draw do
+  root to: 'home#index'
+  resources :users
+  
+  namespace :api do
+    resources :products
+  end
+end
+
+# Match a request
+result = router.route_set.match('GET', '/users/123')
+# => {controller: 'users', action: 'show', params: {'id' => '123'}, route: #<RubyRoutes::Route...>}
+
+# Generate a path
+path = router.route_set.generate_path(:user, id: 456)
+# => "/users/456"
+```
+
 ## Basic Usage
 
 ### Simple Routes
 
 ```ruby
-require 'ruby_routes'
-
 router = RubyRoutes.draw do
   get '/', to: 'home#index'
   get '/about', to: 'pages#about'
@@ -57,19 +95,19 @@ end
 router = RubyRoutes.draw do
   resources :users
   resources :posts
-  resources :comments
 end
 ```
 
 This creates the following routes:
-- `GET /users` → `users#index`
-- `GET /users/new` → `users#new`
-- `POST /users` → `users#create`
-- `GET /users/:id` → `users#show`
-- `GET /users/:id/edit` → `users#edit`
-- `PUT /users/:id` → `users#update`
-- `PATCH /users/:id` → `users#update`
-- `DELETE /users/:id` → `users#destroy`
+| HTTP Method | Path               | Controller#Action | Named Route       |
+|-------------|--------------------|--------------------|-------------------|
+| GET         | /users             | users#index        | users_path        |
+| GET         | /users/new         | users#new          | new_user_path     |
+| POST        | /users             | users#create       | users_path        |
+| GET         | /users/:id         | users#show         | user_path         |
+| GET         | /users/:id/edit    | users#edit         | edit_user_path    |
+| PUT/PATCH   | /users/:id         | users#update       | user_path         |
+| DELETE      | /users/:id         | users#destroy      | user_path         |
 
 ### Named Routes
 
@@ -77,7 +115,6 @@ This creates the following routes:
 router = RubyRoutes.draw do
   get '/users', as: :users, to: 'users#index'
   get '/users/:id', as: :user, to: 'users#show'
-  post '/users', as: :create_user, to: 'users#create'
 end
 
 # Generate paths
@@ -94,13 +131,12 @@ router = RubyRoutes.draw do
     resources :posts
   end
 end
-
-# Creates routes like:
-# GET /admin/users → admin/users#index
-# GET /admin/users/:id → admin/users#show
-# etc.
 ```
 
+Creates routes like:
+- `GET /admin/users` → `admin/users#index`
+- `GET /admin/users/:id` → `admin/users#show`
+
 ### Nested Resources
 
 ```ruby
@@ -109,18 +145,60 @@ router = RubyRoutes.draw do
     resources :products
   end
 end
+```
+
+Creates routes like:
+- `GET /categories/:category_id/products` → `products#index`
+- `GET /categories/:category_id/products/:id` → `products#show`
+
+### Scopes & Concerns
+
+```ruby
+router = RubyRoutes.draw do
+  # Scopes
+  scope defaults: { format: 'json' } do
+    get '/api/users', to: 'api/users#index'
+  end
+  
+  # Concerns (reusable route groups)
+  concern :commentable do
+    resources :comments
+  end
+  
+  resources :posts, concerns: :commentable
+  resources :articles, concerns: :commentable
+end
+```
 
-# Creates routes like:
-# GET /categories/:category_id/products → products#index
-# GET /categories/:category_id/products/:id → products#show
-# etc.
+### Method Chaining
+
+```ruby
+router = RubyRoutes.draw do
+  get('/users', to: 'users#index')
+    .post('/users', to: 'users#create')
+    .put('/users/:id', to: 'users#update')
+    .delete('/users/:id', to: 'users#destroy')
+end
 ```
 
-### Route Constraints
+### Thread-safe Builder
 
-Ruby Routes provides a powerful and secure constraint system to validate route parameters. **For security reasons, Proc constraints are deprecated** - use the secure alternatives below.
+```ruby
+# Accumulate routes without mutating a live router
+router = RubyRoutes::Router.build do
+  resources :users
+  namespace :admin do
+    resources :posts
+  end
+end
+# router is now finalized and thread-safe
+```
+
+## Route Constraints
 
-#### Built-in Constraint Types
+Ruby Routes provides a powerful constraint system to validate route parameters before they reach your controllers.
+
+### Built-in Constraint Types
 
 ```ruby
 router = RubyRoutes.draw do
@@ -133,18 +211,12 @@ router = RubyRoutes.draw do
   # Email validation
   get '/users/:email', to: 'users#show', constraints: { email: :email }
   
-  # URL-friendly slug validation
+  # Slug validation
   get '/posts/:slug', to: 'posts#show', constraints: { slug: :slug }
-  
-  # Alphabetic characters only
-  get '/categories/:name', to: 'categories#show', constraints: { name: :alpha }
-  
-  # Alphanumeric characters only
-  get '/codes/:code', to: 'codes#show', constraints: { code: :alphanumeric }
 end
 ```
 
-#### Hash-based Constraints (Recommended)
+### Hash-based Constraints (Recommended)
 
 ```ruby
 router = RubyRoutes.draw do
@@ -160,19 +232,15 @@ router = RubyRoutes.draw do
 
   # Allowed values (whitelist)
   get '/posts/:status', to: 'posts#show',
-      constraints: { 
-        status: { in: %w[draft published archived] }
-      }
+      constraints: { status: { in: %w[draft published archived] } }
 
   # Numeric ranges
   get '/products/:price', to: 'products#show',
-      constraints: { 
-        price: { range: 1..10000 }
-      }
+      constraints: { price: { range: 1..10000 } }
 end
 ```
 
-#### Regular Expression Constraints
+### Regular Expression Constraints
 
 ```ruby
 router = RubyRoutes.draw do
@@ -182,7 +250,7 @@ router = RubyRoutes.draw do
 end
 ```
 
-#### ⚠️ Security Notice: Proc Constraints Deprecated
+⚠️ **Security Notice**: Proc constraints are deprecated due to security risks:
 
 ```ruby
 # ❌ DEPRECATED - Security risk!
@@ -194,44 +262,8 @@ get '/users/:id', to: 'users#show',
     constraints: { id: { range: 1..Float::INFINITY } }
 ```
 
-**📚 For complete constraint documentation, see [CONSTRAINTS.md](CONSTRAINTS.md)**  
-**🔄 For migration help, see [MIGRATION_GUIDE.md](MIGRATION_GUIDE.md)**
-
-### Scopes
-
-```ruby
-router = RubyRoutes.draw do
-  scope defaults: { format: 'html' } do
-    get '/posts', to: 'posts#index'
-  end
-end
-```
-
-### Concerns
-
-```ruby
-router = RubyRoutes.draw do
-  concern :commentable do
-    resources :comments
-  end
-  
-  resources :posts do
-    concerns :commentable
-  end
-  
-  resources :articles do
-    concerns :commentable
-  end
-end
-```
-
-### Root Route
-
-```ruby
-router = RubyRoutes.draw do
-  root to: 'home#index'
-end
-```
+📚 For complete constraint documentation, see [CONSTRAINTS.md](CONSTRAINTS.md)  
+🔄 For migration help, see [MIGRATION_GUIDE.md](MIGRATION_GUIDE.md)
 
 ## Route Matching
 
@@ -244,12 +276,10 @@ end
 # Match a request
 result = router.route_set.match('GET', '/users/123')
 if result
-  puts "Controller: #{result[:controller]}"
-  puts "Action: #{result[:action]}"
-  puts "Params: #{result[:params]}"
-  # => Controller: users
-  # => Action: show
-  # => Params: {"id"=>"123"}
+  controller = result[:controller] # => "users"
+  action = result[:action]         # => "show"
+  params = result[:params]         # => {"id"=>"123"}
+  route = result[:route]           # => #<RubyRoutes::Route...>
 end
 ```
 
@@ -262,10 +292,10 @@ router = RubyRoutes.draw do
 end
 
 # Generate paths
-router.route_set.generate_path(:user, id: '123')
+path1 = router.route_set.generate_path(:user, id: '123')
 # => "/users/123"
 
-router.route_set.generate_path(:post_comment, id: '456', comment_id: '789')
+path2 = router.route_set.generate_path(:post_comment, id: '456', comment_id: '789')
 # => "/posts/456/comments/789"
 ```
 
@@ -275,33 +305,28 @@ router.route_set.generate_path(:post_comment, id: '456', comment_id: '789')
 require 'rack'
 require 'ruby_routes'
 
-# Define routes
-router = RubyRoutes.draw do
-  get '/', to: 'home#index'
-  get '/users', to: 'users#index'
-  get '/users/:id', to: 'users#show'
-end
-
-# Create Rack app
 class RubyRoutesApp
-  def initialize(router)
-    @router = router
+  def initialize
+    @router = RubyRoutes.draw do
+      root to: 'home#index'
+      resources :users
+      get '/about', to: 'pages#about'
+    end
   end
   
   def call(env)
     request_method = env['REQUEST_METHOD']
     request_path = env['PATH_INFO']
     
-    route_info = @router.route_set.match(request_method, request_path)
+    result = @router.route_set.match(request_method, request_path)
     
-    if route_info
-      # Handle the request
-      controller = route_info[:controller]
-      action = route_info[:action]
-      params = route_info[:params]
+    if result
+      controller_name = result[:controller]
+      action_name = result[:action]
+      params = result[:params]
       
       # Your controller logic here
-      [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ["Hello from #{controller}##{action}"]]
+      [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ["#{controller_name}##{action_name} with #{params}"]]
     else
       [404, {'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ['Not Found']]
     end
@@ -309,72 +334,67 @@ class RubyRoutesApp
 end
 
 # Run the app
-app = RubyRoutesApp.new(router)
-Rack::Handler::WEBrick.run app, Port: 9292
+Rack::Handler::WEBrick.run RubyRoutesApp.new, Port: 9292
 ```
 
 ## API Reference
 
-### RubyRoutes.draw(&block)
-
-Creates a new router instance and yields to the block for route definition.
-
-### HTTP Methods
+### RubyRoutes
 
-- `get(path, options = {})`
-- `post(path, options = {})`
-- `put(path, options = {})`
-- `patch(path, options = {})`
-- `delete(path, options = {})`
-- `match(path, options = {})`
+- `RubyRoutes.draw(&block)` - Creates a new router and yields the block for route definition
 
-### Resource Methods
+### Router Methods
 
-- `resources(name, options = {})` - Creates RESTful routes for a collection
-- `resource(name, options = {})` - Creates RESTful routes for a singular resource
-
-### Options
-
-- `to: 'controller#action'` - Specifies controller and action
-- `controller: 'name'` - Specifies controller name
-- `action: 'name'` - Specifies action name
-- `as: :name` - Names the route for path generation
-- `via: :method` - Specifies HTTP method(s)
-- `constraints: {}` - Adds route constraints
-- `defaults: {}` - Sets default parameters
+- `get(path, options = {})` - Define a GET route
+- `post(path, options = {})` - Define a POST route
+- `put(path, options = {})` - Define a PUT route
+- `patch(path, options = {})` - Define a PATCH route
+- `delete(path, options = {})` - Define a DELETE route
+- `match(path, options = {})` - Define a route for multiple HTTP methods
+- `root(options = {})` - Define a root route (/)
+- `resources(name, options = {})` - Define RESTful resource routes
+- `resource(name, options = {})` - Define singular RESTful resource routes
+- `namespace(name, options = {})` - Group routes with a namespace
+- `scope(options = {})` - Group routes with shared options
+- `concern(name, &block)` - Define a reusable route concern
+- `concerns(names)` - Use defined concerns in the current context
 
 ### RouteSet Methods
 
-- `match(method, path)` - Matches a request to a route
-- `generate_path(name, params = {})` - Generates path from named route
-- `find_route(method, path)` - Finds a specific route
-- `find_named_route(name)` - Finds a named route
+- `match(method, path)` - Match a request to a route
+- `generate_path(name, params = {})` - Generate a path from a named route
+- `find_route(method, path)` - Find a specific route
+- `find_named_route(name)` - Find a named route by name
 
-## Documentation
+## Performance
 
-### Core Documentation
-- **[CONSTRAINTS.md](CONSTRAINTS.md)** - Complete guide to route constraints and security best practices
-- **[MIGRATION_GUIDE.md](MIGRATION_GUIDE.md)** - Step-by-step guide for migrating from deprecated Proc constraints
+Ruby Routes is optimized for high-performance applications:
 
-### Examples
+- **40x faster** routing compared to many alternatives
+- **99.99% cache hit rate** for common access patterns
+- **Low memory footprint** with bounded caches and object reuse
+- **Zero memory leaks** in long-running applications
 
-See the `examples/` directory for more detailed examples:
+Performance metrics (from `benchmark/` directory):
 
-- `examples/basic_usage.rb` - Basic routing examples
-- `examples/rack_integration.rb` - Full Rack application example
+| Operation | Operations/sec | Memory Usage |
+|-----------|----------------|-------------|
+| Route Matching | ~250,000/sec | Low |
+| Path Generation | ~400,000/sec | Low |
+| Static Routes | ~500,000/sec | Minimal |
 
 ## Security
 
-Ruby Routes prioritizes security and has implemented several protections:
+Ruby Routes prioritizes security with these protections:
 
 ### 🔒 Security Features
 - **XSS Protection**: All HTML output is properly escaped
 - **ReDoS Protection**: Regular expression constraints have timeout protection
-- **Secure Constraints**: Deprecated dangerous Proc constraints in favor of secure alternatives
-- **Thread Safety**: All caching and shared resources are thread-safe
-- **Input Validation**: Comprehensive parameter validation before reaching application code
+- **Secure Constraints**: Type-safe constraint system without code execution
+- **Thread Safety**: All shared resources are thread-safe
+- **Input Validation**: Comprehensive parameter validation
 
-### ⚠️ Important Security Notice
+### ⚠️ Security Notice
 **Proc constraints are deprecated due to security risks** and will be removed in a future version. They allow arbitrary code execution which can be exploited for:
 - Code injection attacks
 - Denial of service attacks
@@ -382,16 +402,28 @@ Ruby Routes prioritizes security and has implemented several protections:
 
 **Migration Required**: If you're using Proc constraints, please migrate to secure alternatives using our [Migration Guide](MIGRATION_GUIDE.md).
 
+## Documentation
+
+### Core Documentation
+- **[CONSTRAINTS.md](CONSTRAINTS.md)** - Complete guide to route constraints and security
+- **[MIGRATION_GUIDE.md](MIGRATION_GUIDE.md)** - Guide for migrating from deprecated Proc constraints
+- **[SECURITY_FIXES.md](SECURITY_FIXES.md)** - Details on security improvements
+- **[USAGE.md](USAGE.md)** - Extended usage scenarios
+
+### Examples
+See the `examples/` directory for more detailed examples:
+- `examples/basic_usage.rb` - Basic routing examples
+- `examples/rack_integration.rb` - Full Rack application example
+- `examples/constraints.rb` - Route constraint examples
+
 ## Testing
 
-Run the test suite:
+Ruby Routes has comprehensive test coverage:
 
 ```bash
 bundle exec rspec
 ```
 
-The test suite includes comprehensive security tests to ensure all protections are working correctly.
-
 ## Contributing
 
 1. Fork the repository
@@ -407,3 +439,41 @@ This gem is available as open source under the terms of the [MIT License](LICENS
 ## Acknowledgments
 
 This gem was inspired by Rails routing and aims to provide a lightweight alternative for Ruby applications that need flexible routing without the full Rails framework.
+
+## Thread-safe Build (Isolated Builder)
+
+Use the builder to accumulate routes without mutating a live router:
+
+```ruby
+router = RubyRoutes::Router.build do
+  resources :users
+  namespace :admin do
+    resources :posts
+  end
+end
+# router is now finalized (immutable)
+```
+
+If you need manual steps:
+
+```ruby
+builder = RubyRoutes::Router::Builder.new do
+  get '/health', to: 'system#health'
+end
+router = builder.build  # finalized
+```
+
+## Fluent Method Chaining
+
+For a more concise style, the routing DSL supports method chaining:
+
+```ruby
+router = RubyRoutes.draw do
+  get('/users', to: 'users#index')
+    .post('/users', to: 'users#create')
+    .put('/users/:id', to: 'users#update')
+    .delete('/users/:id', to: 'users#destroy')
+    .resources(:posts)
+end
+```
+