ruby_parser 3.0.0 → 3.19.1

data/lib/ruby27_parser.y

@@ -0,0 +1,3324 @@
+# -*- racc -*-
+
+class Ruby27Parser
+
+token kCLASS kMODULE kDEF kUNDEF kBEGIN kRESCUE kENSURE kEND kIF kUNLESS
+      kTHEN kELSIF kELSE kCASE kWHEN kWHILE kUNTIL kFOR kBREAK kNEXT
+      kREDO kRETRY kIN kDO kDO_COND kDO_BLOCK kDO_LAMBDA kRETURN kYIELD kSUPER
+      kSELF kNIL kTRUE kFALSE kAND kOR kNOT kIF_MOD kUNLESS_MOD kWHILE_MOD
+      kUNTIL_MOD kRESCUE_MOD kALIAS kDEFINED klBEGIN klEND k__LINE__
+      k__FILE__ k__ENCODING__ tIDENTIFIER tFID tGVAR tIVAR tCONSTANT
+      tLABEL tCVAR tNTH_REF tBACK_REF tSTRING_CONTENT tINTEGER tFLOAT
+      tREGEXP_END tUPLUS tUMINUS tUMINUS_NUM tPOW tCMP tEQ tEQQ tNEQ
+      tGEQ tLEQ tANDOP tOROP tMATCH tNMATCH tDOT tDOT2 tDOT3 tAREF
+      tASET tLSHFT tRSHFT tCOLON2 tCOLON3 tOP_ASGN tASSOC tLPAREN
+      tLPAREN2 tRPAREN tLPAREN_ARG tLBRACK tLBRACK2 tRBRACK tLBRACE
+      tLBRACE_ARG tSTAR tSTAR2 tAMPER tAMPER2 tTILDE tPERCENT tDIVIDE
+      tPLUS tMINUS tLT tGT tPIPE tBANG tCARET tLCURLY tRCURLY
+      tBACK_REF2 tSYMBEG tSTRING_BEG tXSTRING_BEG tREGEXP_BEG
+      tWORDS_BEG tQWORDS_BEG tSTRING_DBEG tSTRING_DVAR tSTRING_END
+      tSTRING tSYMBOL tNL tEH tCOLON tCOMMA tSPACE tSEMI tLAMBDA
+      tLAMBEG tDSTAR tCHAR tSYMBOLS_BEG tQSYMBOLS_BEG tSTRING_DEND
+      tRATIONAL tIMAGINARY
+      tLABEL_END
+       tLONELY
+       tBDOT2 tBDOT3
+
+preclow
+  nonassoc tLOWEST
+  nonassoc tLBRACE_ARG
+  nonassoc kIF_MOD kUNLESS_MOD kWHILE_MOD kUNTIL_MOD
+  left     kOR kAND
+  right    kNOT
+  nonassoc kDEFINED
+  right    tEQL tOP_ASGN
+  left     kRESCUE_MOD
+  right    tEH tCOLON
+  nonassoc tDOT2 tDOT3 tBDOT2 tBDOT3
+  left     tOROP
+  left     tANDOP
+  nonassoc tCMP tEQ tEQQ tNEQ tMATCH tNMATCH
+  left     tGT tGEQ tLT tLEQ
+  left     tPIPE tCARET
+  left     tAMPER2
+  left     tLSHFT tRSHFT
+  left     tPLUS tMINUS
+  left     tSTAR2 tDIVIDE tPERCENT # TODO: tSTAR2 -> tMULT
+  right    tUMINUS_NUM tUMINUS
+  right    tPOW
+  right    tBANG tTILDE tUPLUS
+prechigh
+
+rule
+
+         program:   {
+                      self.lexer.lex_state = EXPR_BEG
+                    }
+                    top_compstmt
+                    {
+                      result = new_compstmt val
+
+                      lexer.cond.pop # local_pop
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop
+                    }
+
+    top_compstmt: top_stmts opt_terms
+                    {
+                      stmt, _ = val
+                      result = stmt
+                    }
+
+       top_stmts: none
+                | top_stmt
+                | top_stmts terms top_stmt
+                    {
+                      result = self.block_append val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+                | error top_stmt
+
+        top_stmt: stmt
+                | klBEGIN
+                    {
+                      if (self.in_def || self.in_single > 0) then
+                        debug 11
+                        yyerror "BEGIN in method"
+                      end
+                      self.env.extend
+                    }
+                    begin_block
+                    {
+                      (_, lineno), _, iter = val
+                      iter.line lineno
+
+                      (_, preexe,) = iter
+                      preexe.line lineno
+
+                      result = iter
+                    }
+
+     begin_block: tLCURLY { result = lexer.lineno } top_compstmt tRCURLY
+                    {
+                      _, line, stmt, _ = val
+                      result = new_iter s(:preexe).line(line), 0, stmt
+                    }
+
+        bodystmt: compstmt opt_rescue k_else
+                    {
+                      res = _values[-2]
+                      # TODO: move down to main match so I can just use val
+
+                      yyerror "else without rescue is useless" unless res
+                    }
+                    compstmt
+                    opt_ensure
+                    {
+                      body, resc, _, _, els, ens = val
+
+                      result = new_body [body, resc, els, ens]
+                    }
+                | compstmt opt_rescue opt_ensure
+                    {
+                      body, resc, ens = val
+
+                      result = new_body [body, resc, nil, ens]
+                    }
+
+        compstmt: stmts opt_terms
+                    {
+                      result = new_compstmt val
+                    }
+
+           stmts: none
+                | stmt_or_begin # TODO: newline_node ?
+                | stmts terms stmt_or_begin
+                    {
+                      result = self.block_append val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+                | error stmt
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                      debug 12
+                    }
+
+   stmt_or_begin: stmt
+                | klBEGIN
+                    {
+                      yyerror "BEGIN is permitted only at toplevel"
+                    }
+                  begin_block
+                    {
+                      result = val[2] # wtf?
+                    }
+
+            stmt: kALIAS fitem
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_FNAME
+                    }
+                    fitem
+                    {
+                      (_, line), lhs, _, rhs = val
+                      result = s(:alias, lhs, rhs).line(line).line line
+                    }
+                | kALIAS tGVAR tGVAR
+                    {
+                      (_, line), (lhs, _), (rhs, _) = val
+                      result = s(:valias, lhs.to_sym, rhs.to_sym).line line
+                    }
+                | kALIAS tGVAR tBACK_REF
+                    {
+                      (_, line), (lhs, _), (rhs, _) = val
+                      result = s(:valias, lhs.to_sym, :"$#{rhs}").line line
+                    }
+                | kALIAS tGVAR tNTH_REF
+                    {
+                      yyerror "can't make alias for the number variables"
+                    }
+                | kUNDEF undef_list
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+                | stmt kIF_MOD expr_value
+                    {
+                      t, _, c = val
+                      result = new_if c, t, nil
+                    }
+                | stmt kUNLESS_MOD expr_value
+                    {
+                      f, _, c = val
+                      result = new_if c, nil, f
+                    }
+                | stmt kWHILE_MOD expr_value
+                    {
+                      e, _, c = val
+                      result = new_while e, c, true
+                    }
+                | stmt kUNTIL_MOD expr_value
+                    {
+                      e, _, c = val
+                      result = new_until e, c, true
+                    }
+                | stmt kRESCUE_MOD stmt
+                    {
+                      body, _, resbody = val
+
+                      resbody = new_resbody s(:array).line(resbody.line), resbody
+                      result = new_rescue body, resbody
+                    }
+                | klEND tLCURLY compstmt tRCURLY
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, stmt, _ = val
+
+                      if (self.in_def || self.in_single > 0) then
+                        debug 13
+                        yyerror "END in method; use at_exit"
+                      end
+
+                      result = new_iter s(:postexe).line(line), 0, stmt
+                    }
+                | command_asgn
+                | mlhs tEQL command_call
+                    {
+                      result = new_masgn val[0], val[2], :wrap
+                    }
+                | lhs tEQL mrhs
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+                      result = new_assign lhs, s(:svalue, rhs).line(rhs.line)
+                    }
+                | mlhs tEQL mrhs_arg kRESCUE_MOD stmt
+                    {
+                      # unwraps s(:to_ary, rhs)
+                      lhs, _, (_, rhs), _, resbody = val
+
+                      resbody = new_resbody s(:array).line(resbody.line), resbody
+
+                      result = new_masgn lhs, new_rescue(rhs, resbody), :wrap
+                    }
+                | mlhs tEQL mrhs_arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_masgn val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+                | expr
+
+    command_asgn: lhs tEQL command_rhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_assign val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+                # | lhs tEQL command_asgn
+                #     {
+                #       result = new_assign val[0], val[2]
+                #     }
+                | var_lhs tOP_ASGN command_rhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_op_asgn val
+                    }
+                | primary_value tLBRACK2 opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN command_rhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_op_asgn1 val
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN command_rhs
+                    {
+                      prim, (call_op, _), (id, _), (op_asgn, _), rhs = val
+
+                      result = s(:op_asgn, prim, rhs, id.to_sym, op_asgn.to_sym)
+                      result.sexp_type = :safe_op_asgn if call_op == '&.'
+                      result.line prim.line
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN command_rhs
+                    {
+                      prim, (call_op, _), (id, _), (op_asgn, _), rhs = val
+
+                      result = s(:op_asgn, prim, rhs, id.to_sym, op_asgn.to_sym)
+                      result.sexp_type = :safe_op_asgn if call_op == '&.'
+                      result.line prim.line
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN command_rhs
+                    {
+                      lhs1, _, (lhs2, line), (id, _), rhs = val
+
+                      result = s(:op_asgn, lhs1, rhs, lhs2.to_sym, id.to_sym).line line
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN command_rhs
+                    {
+                      lhs1, _, (lhs2, line), (id, _), rhs = val
+
+                      result = s(:op_asgn, lhs1, rhs, lhs2.to_sym, id.to_sym).line line
+                    }
+                | backref tOP_ASGN command_rhs
+                    {
+                      self.backref_assign_error val[0]
+                    }
+
+     command_rhs: command_call                =tOP_ASGN
+                    {
+                      expr, = val
+                      result = value_expr expr
+                    }
+                | command_call kRESCUE_MOD stmt
+                    {
+                      expr, (_, line), resbody = val
+
+                      expr = value_expr expr
+                      ary  = s(:array).line line
+                      result = new_rescue(expr, new_resbody(ary, resbody))
+                    }
+                | command_asgn
+
+            expr: command_call
+                | expr kAND expr
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+                      result = logical_op :and, lhs, rhs
+                    }
+                | expr kOR expr
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+                      result = logical_op :or, lhs, rhs
+                    }
+                | kNOT opt_nl expr
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, expr = val
+                      result = new_call(expr, :"!").line line
+                      # REFACTOR: call_uni_op
+                    }
+                | tBANG command_call
+                    {
+                      _, cmd = val
+                      result = new_call(cmd, :"!").line cmd.line
+                      # TODO: fix line number to tBANG... but causes BAD shift/reduce conflict
+                      # REFACTOR: call_uni_op -- see parse26.y
+                    }
+                | arg
+                    kIN
+                    {
+                      # TODO? value_expr($1);
+                      self.lexer.lex_state = EXPR_BEG|EXPR_LABEL
+                      self.lexer.command_start = false
+                      result = self.in_kwarg
+                      self.in_kwarg = true
+                      self.env.extend
+                    }
+                    p_expr
+                    {
+                      self.env.unextend
+
+                      expr, _, old_kwarg, pat = val
+
+                      expr = value_expr expr
+
+                      self.in_kwarg = old_kwarg
+                      pat_in = new_in pat, nil, nil, expr.line
+                      result = new_case expr, pat_in, expr.line
+                    }
+                | arg                                   =tLBRACE_ARG
+
+      expr_value: expr
+                    {
+                      result = value_expr(val[0])
+                    }
+
+   expr_value_do:   {
+                      lexer.cond.push true
+                    }
+                    expr_value do
+                    {
+                      lexer.cond.pop
+                    }
+                    {
+                      _, expr, _, _ = val
+                      result = expr
+                    }
+
+    command_call: command
+                | block_command
+
+   block_command: block_call
+                | block_call call_op2 operation2 command_args
+                    {
+                      blk, _, (msg, _line), args = val
+                      result = new_call(blk, msg.to_sym, args).line blk.line
+                    }
+
+ cmd_brace_block: tLBRACE_ARG
+                    {
+                      # self.env.extend(:dynamic)
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    brace_body tRCURLY
+                    {
+                      _, line, body, _ = val
+
+                      result = body
+                      result.line line
+
+                      # self.env.unextend
+                    }
+
+           fcall: operation
+                    {
+                      (msg, line), = val
+                      result = new_call(nil, msg.to_sym).line line
+                    }
+
+         command: fcall command_args =tLOWEST
+                    {
+                      call, args = val
+                      result = call.concat args.sexp_body
+                    }
+                | fcall command_args cmd_brace_block
+                    {
+                      call, args, block = val
+
+                      result = call.concat args.sexp_body
+
+                      if block then
+                        block_dup_check result, block
+
+                        result, operation = block, result
+                        result.insert 1, operation
+                      end
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op operation2 command_args =tLOWEST
+                    {
+                      lhs, callop, (op, _), args = val
+
+                      result = new_call lhs, op.to_sym, args, callop
+                      result.line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op operation2 command_args cmd_brace_block
+                    {
+                      recv, _, (msg, _line), args, block = val
+                      call = new_call recv, msg.to_sym, args, val[1]
+
+                      block_dup_check call, block
+
+                      block.insert 1, call
+                      result = block
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 command_args =tLOWEST
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, (id, line), args = val
+
+                      result = new_call lhs, id.to_sym, args
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 command_args cmd_brace_block
+                    {
+                      recv, _, (msg, _line), args, block = val
+                      call = new_call recv, msg.to_sym, args
+
+                      block_dup_check call, block
+
+                      block.insert 1, call
+                      result = block
+                    }
+                | kSUPER command_args
+                    {
+                      result = new_super val[1]
+                    }
+                | kYIELD command_args
+                    {
+                      (_, line), args = val
+                      result = new_yield args
+                      result.line line # TODO: push to new_yield
+                    }
+                | k_return call_args
+                    {
+                      line = val[0].last
+                      result = s(:return, ret_args(val[1])).line(line)
+                    }
+                | kBREAK call_args
+                    {
+                      (_, line), args = val
+                      result = s(:break, ret_args(args)).line line
+                    }
+                | kNEXT call_args
+                    {
+                      line = val[0].last
+                      result = s(:next, ret_args(val[1])).line(line)
+                    }
+
+            mlhs: mlhs_basic
+                | tLPAREN mlhs_inner rparen
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+
+      mlhs_inner: mlhs_basic
+                | tLPAREN mlhs_inner rparen
+                    {
+                      _, arg, _ = val
+                      l = arg.line
+
+                      result = s(:masgn, s(:array, arg).line(l)).line l
+                    }
+
+      mlhs_basic: mlhs_head
+                    {
+                      head, = val
+                      result = s(:masgn, head).line head.line
+                    }
+                | mlhs_head mlhs_item
+                    {
+                      lhs, rhs = val
+                      result = s(:masgn, lhs << rhs.compact).line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | mlhs_head tSTAR mlhs_node
+                    {
+                      head, _, tail = val
+                      head << s(:splat, tail).line(tail.line)
+                      result = s(:masgn, head).line head.line
+                    }
+                | mlhs_head tSTAR mlhs_node tCOMMA mlhs_post
+                    {
+                      ary1, _, splat, _, ary2 = val
+
+                      result = list_append ary1, s(:splat, splat).line(splat.line)
+                      result.concat ary2.sexp_body
+                      result = s(:masgn, result).line result.line
+                    }
+                | mlhs_head tSTAR
+                    {
+                      head, _ = val
+                      l = head.line
+                      result = s(:masgn, head << s(:splat).line(l)).line l
+                    }
+                | mlhs_head tSTAR tCOMMA mlhs_post
+                    {
+                      head, _, _, post = val
+                      ary = list_append head, s(:splat).line(head.line)
+                      ary.concat post.sexp_body
+                      result = s(:masgn, ary).line ary.line
+                    }
+                | tSTAR mlhs_node
+                    {
+                      _, node = val
+                      l = node.line
+                      splat  = s(:splat, node).line l
+                      ary    = s(:array, splat).line l
+                      result = s(:masgn, ary).line l
+                    }
+                | tSTAR mlhs_node tCOMMA mlhs_post
+                    {
+                      _, node, _, post = val
+
+                      splat = s(:splat, node).line node.line
+                      ary = s(:array, splat).line splat.line
+                      ary.concat post.sexp_body
+                      result = s(:masgn, ary).line ary.line
+                    }
+                | tSTAR
+                    {
+                      l = lexer.lineno
+                      result = s(:masgn, s(:array, s(:splat).line(l)).line(l)).line l
+                    }
+                | tSTAR tCOMMA mlhs_post
+                    {
+                      _, _, post = val
+                      l = post.line
+
+                      splat = s(:splat).line l
+                      ary = s(:array, splat, *post.sexp_body).line l
+                      result = s(:masgn, ary).line l
+                    }
+
+       mlhs_item: mlhs_node
+                | tLPAREN mlhs_inner rparen
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+
+       mlhs_head: mlhs_item tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      lhs, _ = val
+                      result = s(:array, lhs).line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | mlhs_head mlhs_item tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      result = val[0] << val[1].compact
+                    }
+
+       mlhs_post: mlhs_item
+                    {
+                      item, = val
+                      result = s(:array, item).line item.line
+                    }
+                | mlhs_post tCOMMA mlhs_item
+                    {
+                      result = list_append val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+
+       mlhs_node: user_variable
+                    {
+                      result = self.assignable val[0]
+                    }
+                | keyword_variable
+                    {
+                      result = self.assignable val[0]
+                    }
+                | primary_value tLBRACK2 opt_call_args rbracket
+                    {
+                      result = self.aryset val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      lhs, call_op, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      result = new_attrasgn lhs, id, call_op
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      recv, _, (id, _line) = val
+                      result = new_attrasgn recv, id
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      lhs, call_op, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      result = new_attrasgn lhs, id, call_op
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      if (self.in_def || self.in_single > 0) then
+                        debug 14
+                        yyerror "dynamic constant assignment"
+                      end
+
+                      expr, _, (id, _line) = val
+                      l = expr.line
+
+                      result = s(:const, s(:colon2, expr, id.to_sym).line(l), nil).line l
+                    }
+                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      if (self.in_def || self.in_single > 0) then
+                        debug 15
+                        yyerror "dynamic constant assignment"
+                      end
+
+                      _, (id, l) = val
+
+                      result = s(:const, nil, s(:colon3, id.to_sym).line(l)).line l
+                    }
+                | backref
+                    {
+                      ref, = val
+
+                      self.backref_assign_error ref
+                    }
+
+             lhs: user_variable
+                    {
+                      var, = val
+
+                      result = self.assignable var
+                    }
+                | keyword_variable
+                    {
+                      var, = val
+
+                      result = self.assignable var
+
+                      debug 16
+                    }
+                | primary_value tLBRACK2 opt_call_args rbracket
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, args, _ = val
+
+                      result = self.aryset lhs, args
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op tIDENTIFIER # REFACTOR
+                    {
+                      lhs, op, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      result = new_attrasgn lhs, id, op
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      result = new_attrasgn lhs, id
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op tCONSTANT # REFACTOR?
+                    {
+                      lhs, call_op, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      result = new_attrasgn lhs, id, call_op
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      expr, _, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      if (self.in_def || self.in_single > 0) then
+                        debug 17
+                        yyerror "dynamic constant assignment"
+                      end
+
+                      l = expr.line
+                      result = s(:const, s(:colon2, expr, id.to_sym).line(l)).line l
+                    }
+                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      _, (id, l) = val
+
+                      if (self.in_def || self.in_single > 0) then
+                        debug 18
+                        yyerror "dynamic constant assignment"
+                      end
+
+                      result = s(:const, s(:colon3, id.to_sym).line(l)).line l
+                    }
+                | backref
+                    {
+                      self.backref_assign_error val[0]
+                    }
+
+           cname: tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      yyerror "class/module name must be CONSTANT"
+                    }
+                | tCONSTANT
+
+           cpath: tCOLON3 cname
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :colon3, val[1]
+                    }
+                | cname
+                    {
+                      (id, line), = val
+                      result = [id.to_sym, line] # TODO: sexp?
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 cname
+                    {
+                      pval, _, (name, _line) = val
+
+                      result = s(:colon2, pval, name.to_sym)
+                      result.line pval.line
+                    }
+
+           fname: tIDENTIFIER | tCONSTANT | tFID
+                | op
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_END
+                    }
+
+                | reswords
+
+           fitem: fname
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :lit, val[0]
+                    }
+                | symbol
+
+      undef_list: fitem
+                    {
+                      result = new_undef val[0]
+                    }
+                |
+                    undef_list tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_FNAME
+                    }
+                    fitem
+                    {
+                      result = new_undef val[0], val[3]
+                    }
+
+                op: tPIPE    | tCARET  | tAMPER2  | tCMP  | tEQ    | tEQQ
+                |   tMATCH   | tNMATCH | tGT      | tGEQ  | tLT    | tLEQ
+                |   tNEQ     | tLSHFT  | tRSHFT   | tPLUS | tMINUS | tSTAR2
+                |   tSTAR    | tDIVIDE | tPERCENT | tPOW  | tDSTAR | tBANG   | tTILDE
+                |   tUPLUS   | tUMINUS | tAREF    | tASET | tBACK_REF2
+
+        reswords: k__LINE__ | k__FILE__ | k__ENCODING__ | klBEGIN | klEND
+                | kALIAS    | kAND      | kBEGIN        | kBREAK  | kCASE
+                | kCLASS    | kDEF      | kDEFINED      | kDO     | kELSE
+                | kELSIF    | kEND      | kENSURE       | kFALSE  | kFOR
+                | kIN       | kMODULE   | kNEXT         | kNIL    | kNOT
+                | kOR       | kREDO     | kRESCUE       | kRETRY  | kRETURN
+                | kSELF     | kSUPER    | kTHEN         | kTRUE   | kUNDEF
+                | kWHEN     | kYIELD    | kIF           | kUNLESS | kWHILE
+                | kUNTIL
+
+             arg: lhs tEQL arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_assign val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+                | var_lhs tOP_ASGN arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_op_asgn val
+                    }
+                | primary_value tLBRACK2 opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_op_asgn1 val
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_op_asgn2 val
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_op_asgn2 val
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, (id, _line), (op, _), rhs = val
+
+                      result = s(:op_asgn, lhs, rhs, id.to_sym, op.to_sym).line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      lhs1, _, (lhs2, _line), op, rhs = val
+
+                      lhs = s(:colon2, lhs1, lhs2.to_sym).line lhs1.line
+                      result = new_const_op_asgn [lhs, op, rhs]
+                    }
+                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      _, lhs, op, rhs = val
+
+                      lhs = wrap :colon3, lhs
+                      result = new_const_op_asgn [lhs, op, rhs]
+                    }
+                | backref tOP_ASGN arg_rhs
+                    {
+                      # TODO: lhs = var_field val[0]
+                      asgn = new_op_asgn val
+                      result = self.backref_assign_error asgn
+                    }
+                | arg tDOT2 arg
+                    {
+                      v1, v2 = val[0], val[2]
+                      if v1.sexp_type == :lit and v2.sexp_type == :lit and Integer === v1.last and Integer === v2.last then
+                        result = s(:lit, (v1.last)..(v2.last)).line v1.line
+                      else
+                        result = s(:dot2, v1, v2).line v1.line
+                      end
+                    }
+                | arg tDOT3 arg
+                    {
+                      v1, v2 = val[0], val[2]
+                      if v1.sexp_type == :lit and v2.sexp_type == :lit and Integer === v1.last and Integer === v2.last then
+                        result = s(:lit, (v1.last)...(v2.last)).line v1.line
+                      else
+                        result = s(:dot3, v1, v2).line v1.line
+                      end
+                    }
+                | arg tDOT2
+                    {
+                      v1, _ = val
+                      v2 = nil
+
+                      result = s(:dot2, v1, v2).line v1.line
+                    }
+                | arg tDOT3
+                    {
+                      v1, _ = val
+                      v2 = nil
+
+                      result = s(:dot3, v1, v2).line v1.line
+                    }
+
+                | tBDOT2 arg
+                    {
+                      _, v2, = val
+                      v1 = nil
+
+                      result = s(:dot2, v1, v2).line v2.line
+                    }
+                | tBDOT3 arg
+                    {
+                      _, v2 = val
+                      v1 = nil
+
+                      result = s(:dot3, v1, v2).line v2.line
+                    }
+
+                | arg tPLUS arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :+, argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tMINUS arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :-, argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tSTAR2 arg # TODO: rename
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :*, argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tDIVIDE arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"/", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tPERCENT arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"%", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tPOW arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :**, argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | tUMINUS_NUM simple_numeric tPOW arg
+                    {
+                      _, (num, line), _, arg = val
+                      lit = s(:lit, num).line line
+                      result = new_call(new_call(lit, :"**", argl(arg)), :"-@")
+
+                    }
+                | tUPLUS arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[1], :"+@"
+                    }
+                | tUMINUS arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[1], :"-@"
+                    }
+                | arg tPIPE arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"|", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tCARET arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"^", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tAMPER2 arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"&", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tCMP arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"<=>", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | rel_expr                      =tCMP
+                | arg tEQ arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"==", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tEQQ arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"===", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tNEQ arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"!=", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tMATCH arg
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+                      result = new_match lhs, rhs
+                    }
+                | arg tNMATCH arg
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+                      result = s(:not, new_match(lhs, rhs)).line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | tBANG arg
+                    {
+                      _, arg = val
+                      result = new_call arg, :"!"
+                      result.line arg.line
+                    }
+                | tTILDE arg
+                    {
+                      result = new_call value_expr(val[1]), :"~"
+                    }
+                | arg tLSHFT arg
+                    {
+                      val[0] = value_expr val[0]
+                      val[2] = value_expr val[2]
+                      result = new_call val[0], :"\<\<", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tRSHFT arg
+                    {
+                      val[0] = value_expr val[0]
+                      val[2] = value_expr val[2]
+                      result = new_call val[0], :">>", argl(val[2])
+                    }
+                | arg tANDOP arg
+                    {
+                      result = logical_op :and, val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+                | arg tOROP arg
+                    {
+                      result = logical_op :or, val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+                | kDEFINED opt_nl arg
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, arg = val
+                      result = s(:defined, arg).line line
+                    }
+                | arg tEH arg opt_nl tCOLON arg
+                    {
+                      c, _, t, _, _, f = val
+                      result = s(:if, c, t, f).line c.line
+                    }
+                | primary
+
+           relop: tGT
+                | tLT
+                | tGEQ
+                | tLEQ
+
+        rel_expr: arg      relop arg                    =tGT
+                    {
+                      lhs, (op, _), rhs = val
+                      result = new_call lhs, op.to_sym, argl(rhs)
+                    }
+                | rel_expr relop arg                    =tGT
+                    {
+                      lhs, (op, _), rhs = val
+                      warn "comparison '%s' after comparison", op
+                      result = new_call lhs, op.to_sym, argl(rhs)
+                    }
+
+       arg_value: arg
+                    {
+                      result = value_expr(val[0])
+                    }
+
+       aref_args: none
+                | args trailer
+                    {
+                      result = args [val[0]]
+                    }
+                | args tCOMMA assocs trailer
+                    {
+                      result = args [val[0], array_to_hash(val[2])]
+                    }
+                | assocs trailer
+                    {
+                      result = args [array_to_hash(val[0])]
+                    }
+
+         arg_rhs: arg                   =tOP_ASGN
+                | arg kRESCUE_MOD arg
+                    {
+                      body, (_, line), resbody = val
+                      body    = value_expr body
+                      resbody = remove_begin resbody
+
+                      ary = s(:array).line line
+                      result  = new_rescue(body, new_resbody(ary, resbody))
+                    }
+
+      paren_args: tLPAREN2 opt_call_args rparen
+                    {
+                      _, args, _ = val
+                      result = args
+                    }
+                | tLPAREN2 args tCOMMA args_forward rparen
+                    {
+                      yyerror "Unexpected ..." unless
+                        self.lexer.is_local_id(:"*")  &&
+                        self.lexer.is_local_id(:"**") &&
+                        self.lexer.is_local_id(:"&")
+
+                      result = call_args val
+                    }
+                | tLPAREN2 args_forward rparen
+                    {
+                      yyerror "Unexpected ..." unless
+                        self.lexer.is_local_id(:"*")  &&
+                        self.lexer.is_local_id(:"**") &&
+                        self.lexer.is_local_id(:"&")
+
+                      result = call_args val
+                    }
+
+  opt_paren_args: none
+                | paren_args
+
+   opt_call_args: none
+                | call_args
+                | args tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | args tCOMMA assocs tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      result = args [val[0], array_to_hash(val[2])]
+                    }
+                | assocs tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      result = args [array_to_hash(val[0])]
+                    }
+
+       call_args: command
+                    {
+                      warning "parenthesize argument(s) for future version"
+                      result = call_args val
+                    }
+                | args opt_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = call_args val
+                    }
+                | assocs opt_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = call_args [array_to_hash(val[0]), val[1]]
+                    }
+                | args tCOMMA assocs opt_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = call_args [val[0], array_to_hash(val[2]), val[3]]
+                    }
+                | block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = call_args val
+                    }
+
+    command_args:   {
+                      # parse26.y line 2200
+
+                      # If call_args starts with a open paren '(' or
+                      # '[', look-ahead reading of the letters calls
+                      # CMDARG_PUSH(0), but the push must be done
+                      # after CMDARG_PUSH(1). So this code makes them
+                      # consistent by first cancelling the premature
+                      # CMDARG_PUSH(0), doing CMDARG_PUSH(1), and
+                      # finally redoing CMDARG_PUSH(0).
+
+                      result = yychar = self.last_token_type.first
+                      lookahead = [:tLPAREN, :tLPAREN_ARG, :tLPAREN2, :tLBRACK, :tLBRACK2].include?(yychar)
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop if lookahead
+                      lexer.cmdarg.push true
+                      lexer.cmdarg.push false if lookahead
+                    }
+                      call_args
+                    {
+                      yychar, args = val
+
+                      # call_args can be followed by tLBRACE_ARG (that
+                      # does CMDARG_PUSH(0) in the lexer) but the push
+                      # must be done after CMDARG_POP() in the parser.
+                      # So this code does CMDARG_POP() to pop 0 pushed
+                      # by tLBRACE_ARG, CMDARG_POP() to pop 1 pushed
+                      # by command_args, and CMDARG_PUSH(0) to restore
+                      # back the flag set by tLBRACE_ARG.
+
+                      lookahead = [:tLBRACE_ARG].include?(yychar)
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop if lookahead
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop
+                      lexer.cmdarg.push false if lookahead
+                      result = args
+                    }
+
+       block_arg: tAMPER arg_value
+                    {
+                      _, arg = val
+                      result = s(:block_pass, arg).line arg.line
+                    }
+
+   opt_block_arg: tCOMMA block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+                | none
+
+            args: arg_value
+                    {
+                      arg, = val
+                      lineno = arg.line || lexer.lineno # HACK
+
+                      result = s(:array, arg).line lineno
+                    }
+                | tSTAR arg_value
+                    {
+                      _, arg = val
+                      result = s(:array, s(:splat, arg).line(arg.line)).line arg.line
+                    }
+                | args tCOMMA arg_value
+                    {
+                      args, _, id = val
+                      result = self.list_append args, id
+                    }
+                | args tCOMMA tSTAR arg_value
+                    {
+                      # TODO: the line number from tSTAR has been dropped
+                      args, _, _, id = val
+                      line = lexer.lineno
+                      result = self.list_append args, s(:splat, id).line(line)
+                    }
+
+        mrhs_arg: mrhs
+                    {
+                      result = new_masgn_arg val[0]
+                    }
+                | arg_value
+                    {
+                      result = new_masgn_arg val[0], :wrap
+                    }
+
+            mrhs: args tCOMMA arg_value
+                    {
+                      result = val[0] << val[2]
+                    }
+                | args tCOMMA tSTAR arg_value
+                    {
+                      # TODO: make all tXXXX terminals include lexer.lineno
+                      arg, _, _, splat = val
+                      result = self.arg_concat arg, splat
+                    }
+                | tSTAR arg_value
+                    {
+                      _, arg = val
+                      result = s(:splat, arg).line arg.line
+                    }
+
+         primary: literal
+                | strings
+                | xstring
+                | regexp
+                | words
+                | qwords
+                | symbols
+                | qsymbols
+                | var_ref
+                | backref
+                | tFID
+                    {
+                      (msg, line), = val
+                      result = new_call nil, msg.to_sym
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+                | k_begin
+                    {
+                      lexer.cmdarg.push false
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    bodystmt k_end
+                    {
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop
+                      result = new_begin val
+                    }
+                | tLPAREN_ARG
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_ENDARG
+                      result = lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    rparen
+                    {
+                      _, line, _ = val
+                      result = s(:begin).line line
+                    }
+                | tLPAREN_ARG
+                    stmt
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_ENDARG
+                    }
+                    rparen
+                    {
+                      _, stmt, _, _, = val
+                      # warning "(...) interpreted as grouped expression"
+                      result = stmt
+                    }
+                | tLPAREN compstmt tRPAREN
+                    {
+                      _, stmt, _ = val
+                      result = stmt
+                      result ||= s(:nil).line lexer.lineno
+                      result.paren = true
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      expr, _, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      result = s(:colon2, expr, id.to_sym).line expr.line
+                    }
+                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :colon3, val[1]
+                    }
+                | tLBRACK { result = lexer.lineno } aref_args tRBRACK
+                    {
+                      _, line, args, _ = val
+                      result = args || s(:array)
+                      result.sexp_type = :array # aref_args is :args
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+                | tLBRACE
+                    {
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    assoc_list tRCURLY
+                    {
+                      result = new_hash val
+                    }
+                | k_return
+                    {
+                      (_, line), = val
+                      result = s(:return).line line
+                    }
+                | kYIELD tLPAREN2 call_args rparen
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, args, _ = val
+
+                      result = new_yield(args).line line
+                    }
+                | kYIELD tLPAREN2 rparen
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, _ = val
+
+                      result = new_yield.line line
+                    }
+                | kYIELD
+                    {
+                      (_, line), = val
+
+                      result = new_yield.line line
+                    }
+                | kDEFINED opt_nl tLPAREN2 expr rparen
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, _, arg, _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:defined, arg).line line
+                    }
+                | kNOT tLPAREN2 expr rparen
+                    {
+                      _, _, lhs, _ = val
+                      result = new_call lhs, :"!"
+                    }
+                | kNOT tLPAREN2 rparen
+                    {
+                      debug 20
+                    }
+                | fcall brace_block
+                    {
+                      call, iter = val
+
+                      iter.insert 1, call
+                      result = iter
+                      # FIX: probably not: call.line = iter.line
+                    }
+                | method_call
+                | method_call brace_block
+                    {
+                      call, iter = val[0], val[1]
+                      block_dup_check call, iter
+                      iter.insert 1, call # FIX
+                      result = iter
+                    }
+                | lambda
+                    {
+                      expr, = val
+                      result = expr
+                    }
+                | k_if expr_value then compstmt if_tail k_end
+                    {
+                      _, c, _, t, f, _ = val
+                      result = new_if c, t, f
+                    }
+                | k_unless expr_value then compstmt opt_else k_end
+                    {
+                      _, c, _, t, f, _ = val
+                      result = new_if c, f, t
+                    }
+                | k_while expr_value_do compstmt k_end
+                    {
+                      _, cond, body, _ = val
+                      result = new_while body, cond, true
+                    }
+                | k_until expr_value_do compstmt k_end
+                    {
+                      _, cond, body, _ = val
+                      result = new_until body, cond, true
+                    }
+                | k_case expr_value opt_terms case_body k_end
+                    {
+                      (_, line), expr, _, body, _ = val
+                      result = new_case expr, body, line
+                    }
+                | k_case            opt_terms case_body k_end
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, body, _ = val
+                      result = new_case nil, body, line
+                    }
+                | k_case expr_value opt_terms p_case_body k_end
+                    {
+                      (_, line), expr, _, body, _ = val
+
+                      result = new_case expr, body, line
+                    }
+                | k_for for_var kIN expr_value_do compstmt k_end
+                    {
+                      _, var, _, iter, body, _ = val
+                      result = new_for iter, var, body
+                    }
+                | k_class
+                    {
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    cpath superclass
+                    {
+                      if (self.in_def || self.in_single > 0) then
+                        yyerror "class definition in method body"
+                      end
+                      self.env.extend
+                    }
+                    bodystmt k_end
+                    {
+                      result = new_class val
+                      self.env.unextend
+                      self.lexer.ignore_body_comments
+                    }
+                | k_class tLSHFT
+                    {
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    expr
+                    {
+                      result = self.in_def
+                      self.in_def = false
+                    }
+                    term
+                    {
+                      result = self.in_single
+                      self.in_single = 0
+                      self.env.extend
+                    }
+                    bodystmt k_end
+                    {
+                      result = new_sclass val
+                      self.env.unextend
+                      self.lexer.ignore_body_comments
+                    }
+                | k_module
+                    {
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    cpath
+                    {
+                      yyerror "module definition in method body" if
+                        self.in_def or self.in_single > 0
+
+                      self.env.extend
+                    }
+                    bodystmt k_end
+                    {
+                      result = new_module val
+                      self.env.unextend
+                      self.lexer.ignore_body_comments
+                    }
+                | k_def fname
+                    {
+                      result = self.in_def
+
+                      self.in_def = true # group = local_push
+                      self.env.extend
+                      lexer.cmdarg.push false
+                      lexer.cond.push false
+                    }
+                    f_arglist bodystmt k_end
+                    {
+                      result, in_def = new_defn val
+
+                      lexer.cond.pop # group = local_pop
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop
+                      self.env.unextend
+                      self.in_def = in_def
+
+                      self.lexer.ignore_body_comments
+                    }
+                | k_def singleton dot_or_colon
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_FNAME
+                    }
+                    fname
+                    {
+                      result = self.in_def
+
+                      self.in_single += 1 # TODO: remove?
+
+                      self.in_def = true # local_push
+                      self.env.extend
+                      lexer.cmdarg.push false
+                      lexer.cond.push false
+
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_ENDFN|EXPR_LABEL
+                    }
+                    f_arglist bodystmt k_end
+                    {
+
+                      # [kdef, recv, _, _, (name, line), in_def, args, body, kend]
+                      # =>
+                      # [kdef, recv, (name, line), in_def, args, body, kend]
+
+                      val.delete_at 3
+                      val.delete_at 2
+
+                      result, in_def = new_defs val
+
+                      lexer.cond.pop # group = local_pop
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop
+                      self.env.unextend
+                      self.in_def = in_def
+
+                      self.in_single -= 1
+
+                      # TODO: restore cur_arg ? what's cur_arg?
+
+                      self.lexer.ignore_body_comments
+                    }
+                | kBREAK
+                    {
+                      (_, line), = val
+                      result = s(:break).line line
+                    }
+                | kNEXT
+                    {
+                      (_, line), = val
+                      result = s(:next).line line
+                    }
+                | kREDO
+                    {
+                      (_, line), = val
+                      result = s(:redo).line line
+                    }
+                | kRETRY
+                    {
+                      (_, line), = val
+                      result = s(:retry).line line
+                    }
+
+   primary_value: primary
+                    {
+                      result = value_expr(val[0])
+                    }
+
+                    # These are really stupid
+         k_begin: kBEGIN
+            k_if: kIF
+        k_unless: kUNLESS
+         k_while: kWHILE
+         k_until: kUNTIL
+          k_case: kCASE
+           k_for: kFOR
+         k_class: kCLASS
+                    {
+                      self.comments.push self.lexer.comments
+                    }
+        k_module: kMODULE
+                    {
+                      self.comments.push self.lexer.comments
+                    }
+           k_def: kDEF
+                    {
+                      self.comments.push self.lexer.comments
+                    }
+            k_do: kDO
+      k_do_block: kDO_BLOCK
+        k_rescue: kRESCUE
+        k_ensure: kENSURE
+          k_when: kWHEN
+          k_else: kELSE
+         k_elsif: kELSIF
+           k_end: kEND
+        k_return: kRETURN
+
+            then: term
+                | kTHEN
+                | term kTHEN
+
+              do: term
+                | kDO_COND
+
+         if_tail: opt_else
+                | k_elsif expr_value then compstmt if_tail
+                    {
+                      (_, line), c, _, t, rest = val
+
+                      result = s(:if, c, t, rest).line line
+                    }
+
+        opt_else: none
+                | kELSE compstmt
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+
+         for_var: lhs
+                | mlhs
+                    {
+                      val[0].delete_at 1 if val[0][1].nil? # HACK
+                    }
+
+          f_marg: f_norm_arg
+                | tLPAREN f_margs rparen
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+
+     f_marg_list: f_marg
+                    {
+                      sym, = val
+
+                      result = s(:array, sym).line lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                | f_marg_list tCOMMA f_marg
+                    {
+                      result = list_append val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+
+         f_margs: f_marg_list
+                    {
+                      args, = val
+
+                      result = block_var args
+                    }
+                | f_marg_list tCOMMA f_rest_marg
+                    {
+                      args, _, rest = val
+
+                      result = block_var args, rest
+                    }
+                | f_marg_list tCOMMA f_rest_marg tCOMMA f_marg_list
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, splat, _, rhs = val
+
+                      result = block_var lhs, splat, rhs
+                    }
+                | f_rest_marg
+                    {
+                      rest, = val
+
+                      result = block_var rest
+                    }
+                | f_rest_marg tCOMMA f_marg_list
+                    {
+                      splat, _, rest = val
+
+                      result = block_var splat, rest
+                    }
+
+     f_rest_marg: tSTAR f_norm_arg
+                    {
+                      _, (id, line) = val
+
+                      result = args ["*#{id}".to_sym]
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+                | tSTAR
+                    {
+                      result = args [:*]
+                      result.line lexer.lineno # FIX: tSTAR -> line
+                    }
+
+ block_args_tail: f_block_kwarg tCOMMA f_kwrest opt_f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = call_args val
+                    }
+                | f_block_kwarg opt_f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = call_args val
+                    }
+                | f_kwrest opt_f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = call_args val
+                    }
+                | f_no_kwarg opt_f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      (id, line), = val
+                      result = call_args [id]
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+
+opt_block_args_tail: tCOMMA block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | none
+
+     block_param: f_arg tCOMMA f_block_optarg tCOMMA f_rest_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_block_optarg tCOMMA f_rest_arg tCOMMA f_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_block_optarg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_block_optarg tCOMMA f_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_rest_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      result = args(val) << nil
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_rest_arg tCOMMA f_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_block_optarg tCOMMA f_rest_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_block_optarg tCOMMA f_rest_arg tCOMMA f_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_block_optarg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_block_optarg tCOMMA f_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_rest_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_rest_arg tCOMMA f_arg opt_block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | block_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+
+ opt_block_param: none { result = 0 }
+                | block_param_def
+                    {
+                      self.lexer.command_start = true
+                    }
+
+ block_param_def: tPIPE opt_bv_decl tPIPE
+                    {
+                      # TODO: current_arg = 0
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | tOROP
+                    {
+                      result = s(:args).line lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                | tPIPE block_param opt_bv_decl tPIPE
+                    {
+                      # TODO: current_arg = 0
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+
+     opt_bv_decl: opt_nl
+                | opt_nl tSEMI bv_decls opt_nl
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+
+        bv_decls: bvar
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | bv_decls tCOMMA bvar
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+
+            bvar: tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :shadow, val[0]
+                    }
+                | f_bad_arg
+
+          lambda: tLAMBDA
+                    {
+                      self.env.extend :dynamic
+                      result = [lexer.lineno, lexer.lpar_beg]
+                      lexer.paren_nest += 1
+                      lexer.lpar_beg = lexer.paren_nest
+                    }
+                    f_larglist
+                    {
+                      lexer.cmdarg.push false
+                    }
+                    lambda_body
+                    {
+                      _, (line, lpar), args, _cmdarg, body = val
+                      lexer.lpar_beg = lpar
+
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop
+
+                      call = s(:lambda).line line
+                      result = new_iter call, args, body
+                      result.line line
+                      self.env.unextend # TODO: dynapush & dynapop
+                    }
+
+     f_larglist: tLPAREN2 f_args opt_bv_decl rparen
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_args
+                    {
+                      result = val[0]
+                      result = 0 if result == s(:args)
+                    }
+
+     lambda_body: tLAMBEG compstmt tRCURLY
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+                | kDO_LAMBDA bodystmt kEND
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+
+        do_block: k_do_block do_body kEND
+                    {
+                      (_, line), iter, _ = val
+                      result = iter.line line
+                    }
+
+      block_call: command do_block
+                    {
+                      # TODO:
+                      ## if (nd_type($1) == NODE_YIELD) {
+                      ##     compile_error(PARSER_ARG "block given to yield");
+
+                      cmd, blk = val
+
+                      syntax_error "Both block arg and actual block given." if
+                        cmd.block_pass?
+
+                      if inverted? val then
+                        val = invert_block_call val
+                        cmd, blk = val
+                      end
+
+                      result = blk
+                      result.insert 1, cmd
+                    }
+                | block_call call_op2 operation2 opt_paren_args
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, (id, _line), args = val
+
+                      result = new_call lhs, id.to_sym, args
+                    }
+                | block_call call_op2 operation2 opt_paren_args brace_block
+                    {
+                      iter1, _, (name, _line), args, iter2 = val
+
+                      call = new_call iter1, name.to_sym, args
+                      iter2.insert 1, call
+
+                      result = iter2
+                    }
+                | block_call call_op2 operation2 command_args do_block
+                    {
+                      iter1, _, (name, _line), args, iter2 = val
+
+                      call = new_call iter1, name.to_sym, args
+                      iter2.insert 1, call
+
+                      result = iter2
+                    }
+
+     method_call: fcall paren_args
+                    {
+                      call, args = val
+
+                      result = call.concat args.sexp_body if args
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op operation2 opt_paren_args
+                    {
+                      recv, call_op, (op, _line), args = val
+
+                      result = new_call recv, op.to_sym, args, call_op
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 paren_args
+                    {
+                      recv, _, (op, _line), args = val
+
+                      result = new_call recv, op.to_sym, args
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 operation3
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      result = new_call lhs, id.to_sym
+                    }
+                | primary_value call_op paren_args
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :call, val[2], val[1]
+                    }
+                | primary_value tCOLON2 paren_args
+                    {
+                      result = new_call val[0], :call, val[2]
+                    }
+                | kSUPER paren_args
+                    {
+                      result = new_super val[1]
+                    }
+                | kSUPER
+                    {
+                      result = s(:zsuper).line lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                | primary_value tLBRACK2 opt_call_args rbracket
+                    {
+                      result = new_aref val
+                    }
+
+     brace_block: tLCURLY
+                    {
+                      self.env.extend :dynamic
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    brace_body tRCURLY
+                    {
+                      _, line, body, _ = val
+
+                      result = body
+                      result.line line
+
+                      self.env.unextend
+                    }
+                | k_do
+                    {
+                      self.env.extend :dynamic
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    do_body kEND
+                    {
+                      _, line, body, _ = val
+
+                      result = body
+                      result.line line
+
+                      self.env.unextend
+                    }
+
+      brace_body:   { self.env.extend :dynamic; result = self.lexer.lineno }
+                    { result = lexer.cmdarg.store(false) }
+                    opt_block_param compstmt
+                    {
+                      line, cmdarg, param, cmpstmt = val
+
+                      result = new_brace_body param, cmpstmt, line
+                      self.env.unextend
+                      lexer.cmdarg.restore cmdarg
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop # because of: cmdarg_stack >> 1 ?
+                    }
+
+         do_body:   { self.env.extend :dynamic; result = self.lexer.lineno }
+                    { lexer.cmdarg.push false }
+                    opt_block_param
+                    bodystmt
+                    {
+                      line, _cmdarg, param, cmpstmt = val
+
+                      result = new_do_body param, cmpstmt, line
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop
+                      self.env.unextend
+                    }
+
+       case_args: arg_value
+                    {
+                      arg, = val
+
+                      result = s(:array, arg).line arg.line
+                    }
+                | tSTAR arg_value
+                    {
+                      _, arg = val
+
+                      result = s(:array, s(:splat, arg).line(arg.line)).line arg.line
+                    }
+                | case_args tCOMMA arg_value
+                    {
+                      args, _, id = val
+
+                      result = self.list_append args, id
+                    }
+                | case_args tCOMMA tSTAR arg_value
+                    {
+                      args, _, _, id = val
+
+                      result = self.list_append args, s(:splat, id).line(id.line)
+                    }
+
+       case_body: k_when
+                    {
+                      result = self.lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                    case_args then compstmt cases
+                    {
+                      result = new_when(val[2], val[4])
+                      result.line val[1]
+                      result << val[5] if val[5]
+                    }
+
+           cases: opt_else | case_body
+######################################################################
+
+     p_case_body: kIN
+                    {
+                      self.lexer.lex_state = EXPR_BEG|EXPR_LABEL
+                      self.lexer.command_start = false
+                      result = self.in_kwarg
+                      self.in_kwarg = true
+                      push_pvtbl
+                      push_pktbl
+                    }
+                    p_top_expr then
+                    {
+                      pop_pktbl
+                      pop_pvtbl
+                      old_kwargs = _values[-3]
+                      self.in_kwarg = old_kwargs
+                    }
+                    compstmt
+                    p_cases
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, pat, _, _, body, cases = val
+
+                      result = new_in pat, body, cases, line
+                    }
+
+         p_cases: opt_else
+                | p_case_body
+
+      p_top_expr: p_top_expr_body
+                | p_top_expr_body kIF_MOD expr_value
+                    {
+                      body, _, cond = val
+                      body = remove_begin body
+
+                      result = s(:if, cond, body, nil).line body.line
+                    }
+                | p_top_expr_body kUNLESS_MOD expr_value
+                    {
+                      body, _, cond = val
+                      body = remove_begin body
+
+                      result = s(:if, cond, nil, body).line body.line
+                    }
+
+ p_top_expr_body: p_expr
+                | p_expr tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      expr, _ = val
+
+                      tail = new_array_pattern_tail nil, true, nil, nil
+                      result = new_array_pattern nil, expr, tail, expr.line
+                    }
+                | p_expr tCOMMA p_args
+                    {
+                      expr, _, args = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern nil, expr, args, expr.line
+                    }
+                | p_args_tail
+                    {
+                      args, = val
+                      result = new_array_pattern nil, nil, args, args.line
+                    }
+                | p_kwargs
+                    {
+                      kwargs, = val
+                      result = new_hash_pattern nil, kwargs, kwargs.line
+                    }
+
+          p_expr: p_as
+
+            p_as: p_expr tASSOC p_variable
+                    {
+                      # NODE *n = NEW_LIST($1, &@$);
+                      # n = list_append(p, n, $3);
+                      # $$ = new_hash(p, n, &@$);
+
+                      expr, _, var = val
+
+                      id = var.last
+
+                      self.env[id] = :lvar # HACK: need to extend env
+                      lhs = s(:lasgn, id).line var.line
+
+                      result = new_assign lhs, expr
+                    }
+                | p_alt
+
+           p_alt: p_alt tPIPE p_expr_basic
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+
+                      result = s(:or, lhs, rhs).line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | p_expr_basic
+
+        p_lparen: tLPAREN2 { push_pktbl }
+      p_lbracket: tLBRACK2 { push_pktbl }
+
+    p_expr_basic: p_value
+                | p_const p_lparen p_args tRPAREN
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, args, _ = val
+
+                      pop_pktbl
+                      result = new_array_pattern(lhs, nil, args, lhs.line)
+                    }
+                | p_const p_lparen p_kwargs tRPAREN
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, kwargs, _ = val
+
+                      pop_pktbl
+                      result = new_hash_pattern(lhs, kwargs, lhs.line)
+                    }
+                | p_const tLPAREN2 tRPAREN
+                    {
+                      const, _, _ = val
+
+                      tail = new_array_pattern_tail nil, nil, nil, nil
+                      result = new_array_pattern const, nil, tail, const.line
+                    }
+                | p_const p_lbracket p_args rbracket
+                    {
+                      const, _, pre_arg, _ = val
+
+                      pop_pktbl
+                      result = new_array_pattern const, nil, pre_arg, const.line
+                    }
+                | p_const p_lbracket p_kwargs rbracket
+                    {
+                      const, _, kwargs, _ = val
+
+                      result = new_hash_pattern const, kwargs, const.line
+                    }
+                | p_const tLBRACK2 rbracket
+                    {
+                      const, _, _ = val
+
+                      tail = new_array_pattern_tail nil, nil, nil, nil
+                      result = new_array_pattern const, nil, tail, const.line
+                    }
+                | tLBRACK { push_pktbl } p_args rbracket
+                    {
+                      _, _, pat, _ = val
+
+                      pop_pktbl
+                      result = new_array_pattern nil, nil, pat, pat.line
+                    }
+                | tLBRACK rbracket
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:array_pat).line line
+                    }
+                | tLBRACE
+                    {
+                      push_pktbl
+                      result = self.in_kwarg
+                      self.in_kwarg = false
+                    }
+                    p_kwargs rbrace
+                    {
+                      _, in_kwarg, kwargs, _ = val
+
+                      pop_pktbl
+                      self.in_kwarg = in_kwarg
+
+                      result = new_hash_pattern(nil, kwargs, kwargs.line)
+                    }
+                | tLBRACE rbrace
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _ = val
+
+                      tail = new_hash_pattern_tail nil, nil, line
+                      result = new_hash_pattern nil, tail, line
+                    }
+                | tLPAREN { push_pktbl } p_expr tRPAREN
+                    {
+                      _, _, expr, _ = val
+
+                      pop_pktbl
+                      result = expr
+                    }
+
+          p_args: p_expr
+                    {
+                      expr, = val
+
+                      ary = s(:array_TAIL, expr).line expr.line
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail(ary, nil, nil, nil).line expr.line
+                    }
+                | p_args_head
+                    {
+                      head, = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail head, true, nil, nil
+                    }
+                | p_args_head p_arg
+                    {
+                      head, tail = val
+
+                      both = array_pat_concat head, tail
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail both, nil, nil, nil
+                      result.line head.line
+                    }
+                | p_args_head tSTAR tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      head, _, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail head, true, id.to_sym, nil
+                      result.line head.line
+                    }
+                | p_args_head tSTAR tIDENTIFIER tCOMMA p_args_post
+                    {
+                      head, _, (id, _line), _, post = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail head, true, id.to_sym, post
+                      result.line head.line
+                    }
+                | p_args_head tSTAR
+                    {
+                      expr, _ = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail(expr, true, nil, nil).line expr.line
+                    }
+                | p_args_head tSTAR tCOMMA p_args_post
+                    {
+                      head, _, _, post = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail(head, true, nil, post).line head.line
+                    }
+                | p_args_tail
+
+     p_args_head: p_arg tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      arg, _ = val
+                      result = arg
+                    }
+                | p_args_head p_arg tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      head, tail, _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:PATTERN, *head.sexp_body, *tail.sexp_body)
+                      result.line head.line
+                    }
+
+     p_args_tail: tSTAR tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      _, (id, line) = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail nil, true, id.to_sym, nil
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+                | tSTAR tIDENTIFIER tCOMMA p_args_post
+                    {
+                      _, (id, line), _, rhs = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail nil, true, id.to_sym, rhs
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+                | tSTAR
+                    {
+                      (_, line), = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail nil, true, nil, nil
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+                | tSTAR tCOMMA p_args_post
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, args = val
+
+                      result = new_array_pattern_tail nil, true, nil, args
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+
+     p_args_post: p_arg
+                | p_args_post tCOMMA p_arg
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+
+                      result = array_pat_concat lhs, rhs
+                    }
+
+           p_arg: p_expr
+                    {
+                      expr, = val
+                      expr = s(:array_TAIL, expr).line expr.line unless
+                        expr.sexp_type == :array_TAIL
+                      result = expr
+                    }
+
+        p_kwargs: p_kwarg tCOMMA p_kwrest
+                    {
+                      kw_arg, _, rest = val
+                      # TODO? new_unique_key_hash(p, $1, &@$)
+                      result = new_hash_pattern_tail kw_arg, rest, kw_arg.line
+                    }
+                | p_kwarg
+                    {
+                      kwarg, = val
+                      # TODO? new_unique_key_hash(p, $1, &@$)
+                      result = new_hash_pattern_tail kwarg, nil, kwarg.line
+                    }
+                | p_kwarg tCOMMA
+                    {
+                      kwarg, _ = val
+                      # TODO? new_unique_key_hash(p, $1, &@$)
+                      result = new_hash_pattern_tail kwarg, nil, kwarg.line
+                    }
+                | p_kwrest
+                    {
+                      rest, = val
+
+                      result = new_hash_pattern_tail nil, rest, rest.line
+                    }
+                | p_kwarg tCOMMA p_kwnorest
+                    {
+                      kwarg, _, norest = val
+
+                      # TODO? new_unique_key_hash(p, $1, &@$)
+                      result = new_hash_pattern_tail kwarg, norest, kwarg.line
+                    }
+                | p_kwnorest
+                    {
+                      norest, = val
+
+                      result = new_hash_pattern_tail nil, norest, norest.line
+                    }
+
+         p_kwarg: p_kw # TODO? rb_ary_new_from_args(1, $1)
+                | p_kwarg tCOMMA p_kw
+                    {
+                      kwarg, _, kw = val
+                      kwarg.concat kw.sexp_body
+                      result = kwarg
+                    }
+
+            p_kw: p_kw_label p_expr
+                    {
+                      # TODO: error_duplicate_pattern_key(p, get_id($1), &@1);
+                      lhs, rhs = val
+
+                      result = s(:PAIR, lhs, rhs).line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | p_kw_label
+                    {
+                      lhs, = val
+
+                      # TODO: error_duplicate_pattern_variable(p, get_id($1), &@1);
+
+                      # TODO: if ($1 && !is_local_id(get_id($1))) {
+                      #     yyerror1(&@1, "key must be valid as local variables");
+                      # }
+
+                      # $$ = list_append(p, NEW_LIST(NEW_LIT(ID2SYM($1), &@$), &@$),
+                      #                     assignable(p, $1, 0, &@$));
+
+
+                      case lhs.sexp_type
+                      when :lit then
+                        assignable [lhs.value, lhs.line]
+                      else
+                        # TODO or done?
+                        debug 666
+                      end
+
+                      # TODO PAIR -> LIST ?
+                      result = s(:PAIR, lhs, nil).line lhs.line
+                    }
+
+      p_kw_label: tLABEL
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :lit, val[0]
+                    }
+
+        p_kwrest: kwrest_mark tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      _, (id, line) = val
+
+                      name = id.to_sym
+                      self.assignable [name, line]
+                      result = s(:kwrest, :"**#{name}").line line
+                    }
+                | kwrest_mark
+                    {
+                      (_, line), = val
+
+                      result = s(:kwrest, :"**").line line
+                    }
+
+      p_kwnorest: kwrest_mark kNIL
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _ = val
+
+                      # TODO: or s(:norest)? s(:**nil)?
+                      result = s(:kwrest, :"**nil").line line
+                    }
+
+         p_value: p_primitive
+                | p_primitive tDOT2 p_primitive
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+
+                      lhs = value_expr lhs
+                      rhs = value_expr rhs
+
+                      result = s(:dot2, lhs, rhs).line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | p_primitive tDOT3 p_primitive
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+
+                      lhs = value_expr lhs
+                      rhs = value_expr rhs
+
+                      result = s(:dot3, lhs, rhs).line lhs.line
+                    }
+                | p_primitive tDOT2
+                    {
+                      v1, _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:dot2, v1, nil).line v1.line
+                    }
+                | p_primitive tDOT3
+                    {
+                      v1, _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:dot3, v1, nil).line v1.line
+                    }
+                | p_variable
+                | p_var_ref
+                | p_const
+                | tBDOT2 p_primitive
+                    {
+                      _, v1 = val
+
+                      result = s(:dot2, nil, v1).line v1.line
+                    }
+                | tBDOT3 p_primitive
+                    {
+                      _, v1 = val
+
+                      result = s(:dot3, nil, v1).line v1.line
+                    }
+
+     p_primitive: literal
+                | strings
+                | xstring
+                | regexp
+                | words
+                | qwords
+                | symbols
+                | qsymbols
+                | keyword_variable
+                    {
+                      # TODO? if (!($$ = gettable(p, $1, &@$))) $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0, &@$);
+                      var, = val
+
+                      result = var
+                    }
+                | lambda
+
+      p_variable: tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      # TODO: error_duplicate_pattern_variable(p, $1, &@1);
+                      # TODO: assignable(p, $1, 0, &@$);
+                      result = wrap :lvar, val[0]
+                    }
+
+       p_var_ref: tCARET tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      # TODO: check id against env for lvar or dvar
+                      result = wrap :lvar, val[1]
+                    }
+
+         p_const: tCOLON3 cname
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :colon3, val[1]
+                    }
+                | p_const tCOLON2 cname
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, (id, _line) = val
+
+                      l = lhs.line
+                      result = s(:const, s(:colon2, lhs, id.to_sym).line(l)).line l
+                    }
+                | tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      # TODO $$ = gettable(p, $1, &@$);
+                      result = wrap :const, val[0]
+                    }
+######################################################################
+
+      opt_rescue: k_rescue exc_list exc_var then compstmt opt_rescue
+                    {
+                      (_, line), klasses, var, _, body, rest = val
+
+                      klasses ||= s(:array)
+                      klasses << new_assign(var, s(:gvar, :"$!").line(var.line)) if var
+                      klasses.line line
+
+                      result = new_resbody(klasses, body)
+                      result << rest if rest # UGH, rewritten above
+                    }
+                |
+                    {
+                      result = nil
+                    }
+
+        exc_list: arg_value
+                    {
+                      arg, = val
+                      result = s(:array, arg).line arg.line
+                    }
+                | mrhs
+                | none
+
+         exc_var: tASSOC lhs
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+                | none
+
+      opt_ensure: k_ensure compstmt
+                    {
+                      (_, line), body = val
+
+                      result = body || s(:nil).line(line)
+                    }
+                | none
+
+         literal: numeric
+                    {
+                      (lit, line), = val
+                      result = s(:lit, lit).line line
+                    }
+                | symbol
+
+         strings: string
+                    {
+                      str, = val
+                      str = s(:dstr, str.value) if str.sexp_type == :evstr
+                      result = str
+                    }
+
+          string: tCHAR
+                    {
+                      debug 37
+                    }
+                | string1
+                | string string1
+                    {
+                      result = self.literal_concat val[0], val[1]
+                    }
+
+         string1: tSTRING_BEG string_contents tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), str, (_, func) = val
+
+                      str = dedent str if func =~ RubyLexer::STR_FUNC_DEDENT
+
+                      result = str.line line
+                    }
+                | tSTRING
+                    {
+                      result = new_string val
+                    }
+
+         xstring: tXSTRING_BEG xstring_contents tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      result = new_xstring val
+                      # TODO: dedent?!?! SERIOUSLY?!?
+                    }
+
+          regexp: tREGEXP_BEG regexp_contents tREGEXP_END
+                    {
+                      result = new_regexp val
+                    }
+
+           words: tWORDS_BEG tSPACE tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:array).line line
+                    }
+                | tWORDS_BEG word_list tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), list, _ = val
+
+                      result = list.line line
+                    }
+
+       word_list: none
+                    {
+                      result = new_word_list
+                    }
+                | word_list word tSPACE
+                    {
+                      result = val[0].dup << new_word_list_entry(val)
+                    }
+
+            word: string_content
+                | word string_content
+                    {
+                      result = self.literal_concat val[0], val[1]
+                    }
+
+         symbols: tSYMBOLS_BEG tSPACE tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:array).line line
+                    }
+                | tSYMBOLS_BEG symbol_list tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), list, _, = val
+                      list.line line
+                      result = list
+                    }
+
+     symbol_list: none
+                    {
+                      result = new_symbol_list
+                    }
+                | symbol_list word tSPACE
+                    {
+                      list, * = val
+                      result = list.dup << new_symbol_list_entry(val)
+                    }
+
+          qwords: tQWORDS_BEG tSPACE tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:array).line line
+                    }
+                | tQWORDS_BEG qword_list tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), list, _ = val
+
+                      result = list.line line
+                    }
+
+        qsymbols: tQSYMBOLS_BEG tSPACE tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), _, _ = val
+
+                      result = s(:array).line line
+                    }
+                | tQSYMBOLS_BEG qsym_list tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      (_, line), list, _ = val
+
+                      result = list.line line
+                    }
+
+      qword_list: none
+                    {
+                      result = new_qword_list
+                    }
+                | qword_list tSTRING_CONTENT tSPACE
+                    {
+                      result = val[0].dup << new_qword_list_entry(val)
+                    }
+
+       qsym_list: none
+                    {
+                      result = new_qsym_list
+                    }
+                | qsym_list tSTRING_CONTENT tSPACE
+                    {
+                      result = val[0].dup << new_qsym_list_entry(val)
+                    }
+
+ string_contents: none
+                    {
+                      line = prev_value_to_lineno _values.last
+                      result = s(:str, +"").line line
+                    }
+                | string_contents string_content
+                    {
+                      v1, v2 = val
+                      result = literal_concat v1, v2
+                    }
+
+xstring_contents: none
+                    {
+                      result = nil
+                    }
+                | xstring_contents string_content
+                    {
+                      v1, v2 = val
+                      result = literal_concat v1, v2
+                    }
+
+regexp_contents: none
+                    {
+                      result = nil
+                    }
+                | regexp_contents string_content
+                    {
+                      v1, v2 = val
+                      result = literal_concat v1, v2
+                    }
+
+  string_content: tSTRING_CONTENT
+                    {
+                      result = new_string val
+                    }
+                | tSTRING_DVAR
+                    {
+                      result = lexer.lex_strterm
+
+                      lexer.lex_strterm = nil
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_BEG
+                    }
+                    string_dvar
+                    {
+                      _, strterm, str = val
+                      lexer.lex_strterm = strterm
+                      result = s(:evstr, str).line str.line
+                    }
+                | tSTRING_DBEG
+                    {
+                      result = [lexer.lex_strterm,
+                                lexer.brace_nest,
+                                lexer.string_nest, # TODO: remove
+                                lexer.lex_state,
+                                lexer.lineno,
+                               ]
+
+                      lexer.cmdarg.push false
+                      lexer.cond.push false
+
+                      lexer.lex_strterm = nil
+                      lexer.brace_nest  = 0
+                      lexer.string_nest = 0
+
+                      lexer.lex_state   = EXPR_BEG
+                    }
+                    compstmt
+                    tSTRING_DEND
+                    {
+                      _, memo, stmt, _ = val
+
+                      lex_strterm, brace_nest, string_nest, oldlex_state, line = memo
+                      # TODO: heredoc_indent
+
+                      lexer.lex_strterm = lex_strterm
+                      lexer.brace_nest  = brace_nest
+                      lexer.string_nest = string_nest
+
+                      lexer.cond.pop
+                      lexer.cmdarg.pop
+
+                      lexer.lex_state = oldlex_state
+
+                      case stmt
+                      when Sexp then
+                        case stmt.sexp_type
+                        when :str, :dstr, :evstr then
+                          result = stmt
+                        else
+                          result = s(:evstr, stmt).line line
+                        end
+                      when nil then
+                        result = s(:evstr).line line
+                      else
+                        debug 38
+                        raise "unknown string body: #{stmt.inspect}"
+                      end
+                    }
+
+     string_dvar: tGVAR
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :gvar, val[0]
+                    }
+                | tIVAR
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :ivar, val[0]
+                    }
+                | tCVAR
+                    {
+                      result = wrap :cvar, val[0]
+                    }
+                | backref
+
+          symbol: ssym
+                | dsym
+
+            ssym: tSYMBEG sym
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_END
+                      result = wrap :lit, val[1]
+                    }
+                | tSYMBOL
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_END
+                      result = wrap :lit, val[0]
+                    }
+
+             sym: fname | tIVAR | tGVAR | tCVAR
+
+            dsym: tSYMBEG string_contents tSTRING_END
+                    {
+                      _, result, _ = val
+
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_END
+
+                      result ||= s(:str, "").line lexer.lineno
+
+                      case result.sexp_type
+                      when :dstr then
+                        result.sexp_type = :dsym
+                      when :str then
+                        result = s(:lit, result.last.to_sym).line result.line
+                      when :evstr then
+                        result = s(:dsym, "", result).line result.line
+                      else
+                        debug 39
+                      end
+                    }
+
+         numeric: simple_numeric
+                | tUMINUS_NUM simple_numeric            =tLOWEST
+                    {
+                      _, (num, line) = val
+                      result = [-num, line]
+                    }
+
+  simple_numeric: tINTEGER
+                | tFLOAT
+                | tRATIONAL
+                | tIMAGINARY
+
+   user_variable: tIDENTIFIER
+                | tIVAR
+                | tGVAR
+                | tCONSTANT
+                | tCVAR
+
+keyword_variable: kNIL      { result = s(:nil).line lexer.lineno }
+                | kSELF     { result = s(:self).line lexer.lineno }
+                | kTRUE     { result = s(:true).line lexer.lineno }
+                | kFALSE    { result = s(:false).line lexer.lineno }
+                | k__FILE__ { result = s(:str, self.file).line lexer.lineno }
+                | k__LINE__ { result = s(:lit, lexer.lineno).line lexer.lineno }
+                | k__ENCODING__
+                    {
+                      l = lexer.lineno
+                      result =
+                        if defined? Encoding then
+                          s(:colon2, s(:const, :Encoding).line(l), :UTF_8).line l
+                        else
+                          s(:str, "Unsupported!").line l
+                        end
+                    }
+
+         var_ref: user_variable
+                    {
+                      raise "NO: #{val.inspect}" if Sexp === val.first
+                      (var, line), = val
+                      result = Sexp === var ? var : self.gettable(var)
+                      result.line line
+                    }
+                | keyword_variable
+                    {
+                      var = val[0]
+                      result = Sexp === var ? var : self.gettable(var)
+                    }
+
+         var_lhs: user_variable
+                    {
+                      result = self.assignable val[0]
+                    }
+                | keyword_variable
+                    {
+                      result = self.assignable val[0]
+                      debug 40
+                    }
+
+         backref: tNTH_REF
+                    {
+                      (ref, line), = val
+                      result = s(:nth_ref, ref).line line
+                    }
+                | tBACK_REF
+                    {
+                      (ref, line), = val
+                      result = s(:back_ref, ref).line line
+                    }
+
+      superclass: tLT
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_BEG
+                      lexer.command_start = true
+                    }
+                    expr_value term
+                    {
+                      result = val[2]
+                    }
+                | none
+                    {
+                      result = nil
+                    }
+
+       f_arglist: tLPAREN2 f_args rparen
+                    {
+                      result = end_args val
+                    }
+                | tLPAREN2 f_arg tCOMMA args_forward rparen
+                    {
+                      result = end_args val
+                    }
+                | tLPAREN2 args_forward rparen
+                    {
+                      result = end_args val
+                    }
+                |   {
+                      result = self.in_kwarg
+                      self.in_kwarg = true
+                      self.lexer.lex_state |= EXPR_LABEL
+                    }
+                    f_args term
+                    {
+                      result = end_args val
+                    }
+
+       args_tail: f_kwarg tCOMMA f_kwrest opt_f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_kwarg opt_f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_kwrest opt_f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_no_kwarg opt_f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_block_arg
+
+   opt_args_tail: tCOMMA args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = val[1]
+                    }
+                |
+                    {
+                      result = nil
+                    }
+
+          f_args: f_arg tCOMMA f_optarg tCOMMA f_rest_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_optarg tCOMMA f_rest_arg tCOMMA f_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_optarg              opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_optarg tCOMMA f_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA            f_rest_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_rest_arg tCOMMA f_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_arg                             opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                |           f_optarg tCOMMA f_rest_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_optarg tCOMMA f_rest_arg tCOMMA f_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                |           f_optarg                opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                | f_optarg tCOMMA f_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                |                        f_rest_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                |           f_rest_arg tCOMMA f_arg opt_args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                |                                       args_tail
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+                |
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                      # result.line lexer.lineno
+                    }
+
+    args_forward: tBDOT3
+                    {
+                      result = s(:forward_args).line lexer.lineno
+                    }
+
+       f_bad_arg: tCONSTANT
+                    {
+                      yyerror "formal argument cannot be a constant"
+                    }
+                | tIVAR
+                    {
+                      yyerror "formal argument cannot be an instance variable"
+                    }
+                | tGVAR
+                    {
+                      yyerror "formal argument cannot be a global variable"
+                    }
+                | tCVAR
+                    {
+                      yyerror "formal argument cannot be a class variable"
+                    }
+
+      f_norm_arg: f_bad_arg
+                | tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      (id, line), = val
+                      identifier = id.to_sym
+                      self.env[identifier] = :lvar
+
+                      result = [identifier, line]
+                    }
+
+      f_arg_asgn: f_norm_arg
+
+      f_arg_item: f_arg_asgn
+                | tLPAREN f_margs rparen
+                    {
+                      _, margs, _ = val
+
+                      result = margs
+                    }
+
+           f_arg: f_arg_item
+                    {
+                      result = new_arg val
+                    }
+                | f_arg tCOMMA f_arg_item
+                    {
+                      list, _, item = val
+
+                      if list.sexp_type == :args then
+                        result = list
+                      else
+                        result = s(:args, list).line list.line
+                      end
+
+                      result << (Sexp === item ? item : item.first)
+                    }
+
+         f_label: tLABEL
+
+            f_kw: f_label arg_value
+                    {
+                      # TODO: new_kw_arg
+                      (label, line), arg = val
+
+                      identifier = label.to_sym
+                      self.env[identifier] = :lvar
+
+                      kwarg  = s(:kwarg, identifier, arg).line line
+                      result = s(:array, kwarg).line line
+                    }
+                | f_label
+                    {
+                      (label, line), = val
+
+                      id = label.to_sym
+                      self.env[id] = :lvar
+
+                      result = s(:array, s(:kwarg, id).line(line)).line line
+                    }
+
+      f_block_kw: f_label primary_value
+                    {
+                      # TODO: new_kw_arg
+                      (label, line), expr = val
+                      id = label.to_sym
+                      self.env[id] = :lvar
+
+                      result = s(:array, s(:kwarg, id, expr).line(line)).line line
+                    }
+                | f_label
+                    {
+                      # TODO: new_kw_arg
+                      (label, line), = val
+                      id = label.to_sym
+                      self.env[id] = :lvar
+
+                      result = s(:array, s(:kwarg, id).line(line)).line line
+                    }
+
+   f_block_kwarg: f_block_kw
+                | f_block_kwarg tCOMMA f_block_kw
+                    {
+                      list, _, item = val
+                      result = list << item.last
+                    }
+
+         f_kwarg: f_kw
+                | f_kwarg tCOMMA f_kw
+                    {
+                      result = args val
+                    }
+
+     kwrest_mark: tPOW
+                | tDSTAR
+
+      f_no_kwarg: kwrest_mark kNIL
+                    {
+                      result = :"**nil"
+                    }
+
+        f_kwrest: kwrest_mark tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      _, (id, line) = val
+
+                      name = id.to_sym
+                      self.assignable [name, line]
+                      result = [:"**#{name}", line]
+                    }
+                | kwrest_mark
+                    {
+                      id = :"**"
+                      self.env[id] = :lvar # TODO: needed?!?
+                      result = [id, lexer.lineno] # TODO: tPOW/tDSTAR include lineno
+                    }
+
+           f_opt: f_arg_asgn tEQL arg_value
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+                      result = self.assignable lhs, rhs
+                      # TODO: detect duplicate names
+                    }
+
+     f_block_opt: f_arg_asgn tEQL primary_value
+                    {
+                      lhs, _, rhs = val
+                      result = self.assignable lhs, rhs
+                    }
+
+  f_block_optarg: f_block_opt
+                    {
+                      optblk, = val
+                      result = s(:block, optblk).line optblk.line
+                    }
+                | f_block_optarg tCOMMA f_block_opt
+                    {
+                      optarg, _, optblk = val
+                      result = optarg
+                      result << optblk
+                    }
+
+        f_optarg: f_opt
+                    {
+                      opt, = val
+                      result = s(:block, opt).line opt.line
+                    }
+                | f_optarg tCOMMA f_opt
+                    {
+                      result = self.block_append val[0], val[2]
+                    }
+
+    restarg_mark: tSTAR2 | tSTAR
+
+      f_rest_arg: restarg_mark tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      # TODO: differs from parse.y - needs tests
+                      _, (id, line) = val
+                      name = id.to_sym
+                      self.assignable [name, line]
+                      result = [:"*#{name}", line]
+                    }
+                | restarg_mark
+                    {
+                      name = :"*"
+                      self.env[name] = :lvar
+                      result = [name, lexer.lineno] # FIX: tSTAR to include lineno
+                    }
+
+     blkarg_mark: tAMPER2 | tAMPER
+
+     f_block_arg: blkarg_mark tIDENTIFIER
+                    {
+                      _, (id, line) = val
+                      identifier = id.to_sym
+
+                      self.env[identifier] = :lvar
+                      result = ["&#{identifier}".to_sym, line]
+                    }
+
+ opt_f_block_arg: tCOMMA f_block_arg
+                    {
+                      _, arg = val
+                      result = arg
+                    }
+                |
+                    {
+                      result = nil
+                    }
+
+       singleton: var_ref
+                | tLPAREN2
+                    {
+                      lexer.lex_state = EXPR_BEG
+                    }
+                    expr rparen
+                    {
+                      result = val[2]
+                      yyerror "Can't define single method for literals." if
+                        result.sexp_type == :lit
+                    }
+
+      assoc_list: none
+                    {
+                      result = s(:array).line lexer.lineno
+                    }
+                | assocs trailer
+
+          assocs: assoc
+                | assocs tCOMMA assoc
+                    {
+                      list = val[0].dup
+                      more = val[2].sexp_body
+                      list.push(*more) unless more.empty?
+                      result = list
+                      result.sexp_type = :hash
+                    }
+
+           assoc: arg_value tASSOC arg_value
+                    {
+                      v1, _, v2 = val
+                      result = s(:array, v1, v2).line v1.line
+                    }
+                | tLABEL arg_value
+                    {
+                      label, arg = val
+
+                      lit = wrap :lit, label
+                      result = s(:array, lit, arg).line lit.line
+                    }
+                | tSTRING_BEG string_contents tLABEL_END arg_value
+                    {
+                      (_, line), sym, _, value = val
+
+                      sym.sexp_type = :dsym
+
+                      result = s(:array, sym, value).line line
+                    }
+                | tDSTAR arg_value
+                    {
+                      _, arg = val
+                      line = arg.line
+                      result = s(:array, s(:kwsplat, arg).line(line)).line line
+                    }
+
+       operation: tIDENTIFIER | tCONSTANT | tFID
+      operation2: tIDENTIFIER | tCONSTANT | tFID | op
+      operation3: tIDENTIFIER | tFID | op
+    dot_or_colon: tDOT | tCOLON2
+         call_op: tDOT
+                | tLONELY # TODO: rename tANDDOT?
+
+        call_op2: call_op
+                | tCOLON2
+
+       opt_terms:  | terms
+          opt_nl:  | tNL
+          rparen: opt_nl tRPAREN
+        rbracket: opt_nl tRBRACK
+          rbrace: opt_nl tRCURLY
+         trailer:  | tNL | tCOMMA
+
+            term: tSEMI { yyerrok }
+                | tNL
+
+           terms: term
+                | terms tSEMI { yyerrok }
+
+            none: { result = nil; }
+end
+
+---- inner
+
+require "ruby_lexer"
+require "ruby_parser_extras"
+include RubyLexer::State::Values
+
+# :stopdoc:
+
+# Local Variables: **
+# racc-token-length-max:14 **
+# End: **