ruby_grammar_builder 0.0.1

data/lib/textmate_grammar/pattern_variations/base_pattern.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+#
+# Provides a base class to simplify the writing of complex regular expressions rules
+# This class completely handles capture numbers and provides convenience methods for
+# many common Regexp operations
+#
+# @note Users should not normally directly instantiate this class
+#
+class PatternBase
+    # @return [PatternBase] The next pattern in the linked list of patterns
+    attr_accessor :next_pattern
+    # @return [String,PatternBase] The pattern to match
+    attr_accessor :match
+    # @return [Hash] The processed arguments
+    attr_accessor :arguments
+    # @return [Hash] The original arguments passed into initialize
+    attr_accessor :original_arguments
+
+    #
+    # does @arguments contain any attributes that require this pattern be captured?
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] if this PatternBase needs to capture
+    #
+    def needs_to_capture?
+        capturing_attributes = [
+            :tag_as,
+            :reference,
+            :includes,
+        ]
+        puts @match.class unless @arguments.is_a? Hash
+
+        !(@arguments.keys & capturing_attributes).empty?
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Can the capture be optimized out
+    #
+    # When the pattern has nothing after it then its capture can instead become
+    # capture group 0
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] can this capture become capture group 0
+    #
+    def optimize_outer_group?
+        needs_to_capture? and @next_pattern.nil?
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Appends pattern to the linked list of patterns
+    #
+    # @param [PatternBase] pattern the pattern to append
+    #
+    # @return [self]
+    #
+    # @see insert
+    #
+    def insert!(pattern)
+        last = self
+        last = last.next_pattern while last.next_pattern
+        last.next_pattern = pattern
+        self
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Append pattern to a copy of the linked list of patterns
+    #
+    # @param [PatternBase] pattern the pattern to append
+    #
+    # @return [PatternBase] a copy of self with pattern appended
+    #
+    def insert(pattern)
+        new_pattern = __deep_clone__
+        new_pattern.insert!(pattern).freeze
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Adds a capture group if needed
+    #
+    # @param [String] regex_as_string the pattern as a string
+    #
+    # @return [String] the pattern, potentially with a capture group
+    #
+    def add_capture_group_if_needed(regex_as_string)
+        regex_as_string = "(#{regex_as_string})" if needs_to_capture?
+        regex_as_string
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Uses a block to transform all Patterns in the list
+    #
+    # @param [Boolean] map_includes should include patterns be mapped?
+    # @yield [self] invokes the block with self for modification
+    #
+    # @return [self]
+    #
+    def map!(map_includes = false, &block)
+        yield self
+        if @match.is_a? PatternBase
+            if @match.frozen?
+                puts "frozen @match"
+                puts @match.inspect
+            end
+            @match = @match.map!(map_includes, &block)
+        end
+        if @next_pattern.is_a? PatternBase
+            if @next_pattern.frozen?
+                puts "frozen @next_pattern"
+                puts @next_pattern.inspect
+            end
+            @next_pattern = @next_pattern.map!(map_includes, &block)
+        end
+        map_includes!(&block) if map_includes
+        self
+    end
+
+    #
+    # (see #map!)
+    #
+    # @return [PatternBase] a transformed copy of self
+    #
+    def map(map_includes = false, &block)
+        __deep_clone__.map!(map_includes, &block).freeze
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Call the block for each pattern in the list
+    #
+    # @param [Boolean] each_includes should include patterns be called?
+    # @yield [self] invokes the block with self
+    #
+    # @return [void]
+    #
+    def each(each_includes = false, &block)
+        yield self
+        @match.each(each_includes, &block) if @match.is_a? PatternBase
+        @next_pattern.each(each_includes, &block) if @next_pattern.is_a? PatternBase
+
+        return unless each_includes
+        return unless @arguments[:includes].is_a? Array
+
+        @arguments[:includes].each do |s|
+            next unless s.is_a? Pattern
+
+            s.each(true, &block)
+        end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Uses a block to transform all Patterns in all includes
+    # @api private
+    # @note only for use by map!
+    #
+    # @yield [self] invokes the block with the includes for modification
+    #
+    # @return [void]
+    #
+    def map_includes!(&block)
+        return unless @arguments[:includes].is_a? Array
+
+        @arguments[:includes].map! do |s|
+            if s.is_a? PatternBase
+                if s.frozen?
+                    puts "frozen s"
+                    puts s.inspect
+                end
+            end
+
+            next s.map!(true, &block) if s.is_a? PatternBase
+
+            next s
+        end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Uses block to recursively transform includes
+    #
+    # @yield [PatternBase,Symbol,Regexp,String] invokes the block with each include to transform
+    #
+    # @return [PatternBase] a copy of self with transformed includes
+    #
+    def transform_includes(&block)
+        map(true) do |s|
+            s.arguments[:includes].map!(&block) if s.arguments[:includes].is_a? Array
+        end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Uses block to recursively transform tag_as
+    #
+    # @yield [String] Invokes the block to with each tag_as to transform
+    #
+    # @return [PatternBase] a copy of self with transformed tag_as
+    #
+    def transform_tag_as(&block)
+        __deep_clone__.map! do |s|
+            s.arguments[:tag_as] = block.call(s.arguments[:tag_as]) if s.arguments[:tag_as]
+            next unless s.arguments[:includes].is_a?(Array)
+
+            s.arguments[:includes].map! do |i|
+                next i unless i.is_a? PatternBase
+
+                i.transform_tag_as(&block)
+            end
+        end.freeze
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Construct a new pattern
+    #
+    # @overload initialize(pattern)
+    #   matches an exact pattern
+    #   @param pattern [PatternBase, Regexp, String] the pattern to match
+    # @overload initialize(opts)
+    #   @param opts [Hash] options
+    #   @option opts [PatternBase, Regexp, String] :match the pattern to match
+    #   @option opts [String] :tag_as what to tag this pattern as
+    #   @option opts [Array<PatternBase, Symbol>] :includes pattern includes
+    #   @option opts [String] :reference a name for this pattern can be referred to in
+    #       earlier or later parts of the pattern list, or in tag_as
+    #   @option opts [Array<String>] :should_fully_match string that this pattern should
+    #       fully match
+    #   @option opts [Array<String>] :should_partial_match string that this pattern should
+    #       partially match
+    #   @option opts [Array<String>] :should_not_fully_match string that this pattern should
+    #       not fully match
+    #   @option opts [Array<String>] :should_not_partial_match string that this pattern should
+    #       not partially match
+    #   @option opts [Enumerator, Integer] :at_most match up to N times, nil to match any
+    #       number of times
+    #   @option opts [Enumerator, Integer] :at_least match no fewer than N times, nil to
+    #       match any number of times
+    #   @option opts [Enumerator, Integer] :how_many_times match exactly N times
+    #   @option opts [Array<String>] :word_cannot_be_any_of list of wordlike string that
+    #       the pattern should not match (this is a qualifier not a unit test)
+    #   @option opts [Boolean] :dont_back_track? can this pattern backtrack
+    #   @note Plugins may provide additional options
+    #   @note all options except :match are optional
+    # @overload initialize(opts, deep_clone, original)
+    #   makes a copy of PatternBase
+    #   @param opts [Hash] the original patterns @arguments with match
+    #   @param deep_clone [:deep_clone] identifies as a deep_clone construction
+    #   @param original [Hash] the original patterns @original_arguments
+    #   @api private
+    #   @note this should only be called by __deep_clone__, however subclasses must be
+    #       able to accept this form
+    #
+    def initialize(*arguments)
+        if arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] == :deep_clone
+            @arguments = arguments[0]
+            @match = @arguments[:match]
+            @arguments.delete(:match)
+            @original_arguments = arguments[2]
+            @next_pattern = nil
+            return
+        end
+
+        if arguments.length > 1
+            # PatternBase was likely constructed like `PatternBase.new(/foo/, option: bar)`
+            puts "PatternBase#new() expects a single Regexp, String, or Hash"
+            puts "PatternBase#new() was provided with multiple arguments"
+            puts "arguments:"
+            puts arguments
+            raise "See error above"
+        end
+        @next_pattern = nil
+        arg1 = arguments[0]
+        arg1 = {match: arg1} unless arg1.is_a? Hash
+        @original_arguments = arg1.clone
+        if arg1[:match].is_a? String
+            arg1[:match] = Regexp.escape(arg1[:match]).gsub("/", "\\/")
+            @match = arg1[:match]
+        elsif arg1[:match].is_a? Regexp
+            raise_if_regex_has_capture_group arg1[:match]
+            @match = arg1[:match].inspect[1..-2] # convert to string and remove the slashes
+        elsif arg1[:match].is_a? PatternBase
+            @match = arg1[:match]
+        else
+            puts <<-HEREDOC.remove_indent
+                Pattern.new() must be constructed with a String, Regexp, or Pattern
+                Provided arguments: #{@original_arguments}
+            HEREDOC
+            raise "See error above"
+        end
+        # ensure that includes is either nil or a flat array
+        if arg1[:includes]
+            arg1[:includes] = [arg1[:includes]] unless arg1[:includes].is_a? Array
+            arg1[:includes] = arg1[:includes].flatten
+        end
+        arg1.delete(:match)
+        @arguments = arg1
+    end
+
+    # attempts to provide a memorable name for a pattern
+    # @return [String]
+    def name
+        return @arguments[:reference] unless @arguments[:reference].nil?
+        return @arguments[:tag_as] unless @arguments[:tag_as].nil?
+
+        to_s
+    end
+
+    #
+    # converts a PatternBase to a Hash representing a textmate rule
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] The pattern as a textmate grammar rule
+    #
+    def to_tag
+        output = {
+            match: evaluate,
+        }
+
+        output[:captures] = convert_group_attributes_to_captures(collect_group_attributes)
+        if optimize_outer_group?
+            # optimize captures by removing outermost
+            output[:match] = output[:match][1..-2]
+            output[:name] = output[:captures]["0"][:name]
+            output[:captures]["0"].delete(:name)
+            output[:captures].reject! { |_, v| !v || v.empty? }
+        end
+        output.reject! { |_, v| !v || v.empty? }
+        output
+    end
+
+    #
+    # evaluates the pattern into a string suitable for inserting into a
+    # grammar or constructing a Regexp.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] groups if groups is nil consider this PatternBase to be the top_level
+    #   when a pattern is top_level, group numbers and back references are relative
+    #   to that pattern
+    #
+    # @return [String] the complete pattern
+    #
+    def evaluate(groups = nil, fixup_refereces: false)
+        top_level = groups.nil?
+        groups = collect_group_attributes if top_level
+        evaluate_array = ['']
+
+        pat = self
+        while pat.is_a? PatternBase
+            evaluate_array << pat.evaluate_operator
+            evaluate_array << pat.do_evaluate_self(groups)
+            pat = pat.next_pattern
+        end
+        
+        self_evaluate = RegexOperator.evaluate(evaluate_array)
+        self_evaluate = fixup_regex_references(groups, self_evaluate) if top_level || fixup_refereces
+        self_evaluate
+    end
+
+    #
+    # converts a pattern to a Regexp
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] groups if groups is nil consider this PatternBase to be the top_level
+    #   when a pattern is top_level, group numbers and back references are relative
+    #   to that pattern
+    #
+    # @return [Regexp] the pattern as a Regexp
+    #
+    def to_r(groups = nil)
+        with_no_warnings { Regexp.new(evaluate(groups)) }
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Displays the PatternBase as you would write it in code
+    #
+    # @param [Integer] depth the current nesting depth
+    # @param [Boolean] top_level is this a top level pattern or is it being chained
+    #
+    # @return [String] The pattern as a string
+    #
+    def to_s(depth = 0, top_level = true)
+        # TODO: make this method easier to understand
+
+        # rubocop:disable Metrics/LineLength
+        begin
+            plugins = Grammar.plugins
+            plugins.reject! { |p| (@original_arguments.keys & p.class.options).empty? }
+
+            regex_as_string =
+                case @original_arguments[:match]
+                when PatternBase then @original_arguments[:match].to_s(depth + 2, true)
+                when Regexp then @original_arguments[:match].inspect
+                when String then "/" + Regexp.escape(@original_arguments[:match]) + "/"
+                end
+            indent = "  " * depth
+            output = indent + do_get_to_s_name(top_level)
+            # basic pattern information
+            output += "\n#{indent}  match: " + regex_as_string.lstrip
+            output += ",\n#{indent}  tag_as: \"" + @arguments[:tag_as] + '"' if @arguments[:tag_as]
+            output += ",\n#{indent}  reference: \"" + @arguments[:reference] + '"' if @arguments[:reference]
+            # unit tests
+            output += ",\n#{indent}  should_fully_match: " + @arguments[:should_fully_match].to_s if @arguments[:should_fully_match]
+            output += ",\n#{indent}  should_not_fully_match: " + @arguments[:should_not_fully_match].to_s if @arguments[:should_not_fully_match]
+            output += ",\n#{indent}  should_partially_match: " + @arguments[:should_partially_match].to_s if @arguments[:should_partially_match]
+            output += ",\n#{indent}  should_not_partially_match: " + @arguments[:should_not_partially_match].to_s if @arguments[:should_not_partially_match]
+
+            output += ",\n#{indent}  includes: " + @arguments[:includes].to_s if @arguments[:includes]
+            # add any linter/transform configurations
+            plugins.each { |p| output += p.display_options(indent + "  ", @original_arguments) }
+            # subclass, ending and recursive
+            output += do_add_attributes(indent)
+            output += ",\n#{indent})"
+            output += @next_pattern.to_s(depth, false).lstrip if @next_pattern
+            output
+        rescue
+            return @original_arguments.to_s
+        end
+        # rubocop:enable Metrics/LineLength
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Runs the unit tests, recursively
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] If all test passed return true, otherwise false
+    #
+    def run_tests
+        pass = [
+            run_self_tests,
+        ]
+
+        # run related unit tests
+        pass << @match.run_tests if @match.is_a? PatternBase
+        pass << @next_pattern.run_tests if @next_pattern.is_a? PatternBase
+        if @arguments[:includes].is_a? Array
+            @arguments[:includes]&.each { |inc| pass << inc.run_tests if inc.is_a? PatternBase }
+        elsif @arguments[:includes].is_a? PatternBase
+            pass << @arguments[:includes].run_tests
+        end
+        pass.none?(&:!)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Runs the unit tests for self
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] If all test passed return true, otherwise false
+    #
+    def run_self_tests
+        pass = [true]
+
+        # some patterns are not able to be evaluated
+        # do not attempt to unless required
+        return true unless [
+            :should_fully_match,
+            :should_not_fully_match,
+            :should_partially_match,
+            :should_not_partially_match,
+        ].any? { |k| @arguments.include? k }
+
+        copy = __deep_clone_self__
+        test_regex = copy.to_r
+        test_fully_regex = wrap_with_anchors(copy).to_r
+
+        warn = lambda do |symbol|
+            puts [
+                "",
+                "When testing the pattern #{test_regex.inspect}. The unit test for #{symbol} failed.",
+                "The unit test has the following patterns:",
+                "#{@arguments[symbol].to_yaml}",
+                "The Failing pattern is below:",
+                "#{self}",
+            ].join("\n")
+        end
+        if @arguments[:should_fully_match].is_a? Array
+            unless @arguments[:should_fully_match].all? { |test| test =~ test_fully_regex }
+                warn.call :should_fully_match
+                pass << false
+            end
+        end
+        if @arguments[:should_not_fully_match].is_a? Array
+            unless @arguments[:should_not_fully_match].none? { |test| test =~ test_fully_regex }
+                warn.call :should_not_fully_match
+                pass << false
+            end
+        end
+        if @arguments[:should_partially_match].is_a? Array
+            unless @arguments[:should_partially_match].all? { |test| test =~ test_regex }
+                warn.call :should_partially_match
+                pass << false
+            end
+        end
+        if @arguments[:should_not_partially_match].is_a? Array
+            unless @arguments[:should_not_partially_match].none? { |test| test =~ test_regex }
+                warn.call :should_not_partially_match
+                pass << false
+            end
+        end
+
+        pass.none?(&:!)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # To aid in Linters all Patterns support start_pattern which return the pattern
+    # for initial match, for a single match pattern that is itself
+    #
+    # @return [self] This pattern
+    #
+    def start_pattern
+        self
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Gets the patterns Hashcode
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] the Hashcode
+    #
+    def hash
+        # TODO: find a better hash code
+        # PatternBase.new("abc") == PatternBase.new(PatternBase.new("abc"))
+        # but PatternBase.new("abc").hash != PatternBase.new(PatternBase.new("abc")).hash
+        @match.hash
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Checks for equality
+    # A pattern is considered equal to another pattern if the result of tag_as is equivalent
+    #
+    # @param [PatternBase] other the pattern to compare
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean] true if other is a PatternBase and to_tag is equivalent, false otherwise
+    #
+    def eql?(other)
+        return false unless other.is_a? PatternBase
+
+        to_tag == other.to_tag
+    end
+
+    # (see #eql?)
+    def ==(other)
+        eql? other
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Construct a new pattern and append to the end
+    #
+    # @param [PatternBase] pattern options (see #initialize for options)
+    # @see #initialize
+    #
+    # @return [PatternBase] a copy of self with a pattern inserted
+    #
+    def then(pattern)
+        unless pattern.is_a?(PatternBase) && pattern.next_pattern.nil?
+            pattern = Pattern.new(pattern)
+        end
+        insert(pattern)
+    end
+    # other methods added by subclasses
+
+    #
+    # evaluates @match
+    # @note optionally override when inheriting
+    # @note by default this optionally adds a capture group
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] groups group attributes
+    #
+    # @return [String] the result of evaluating @match
+    #
+    def do_evaluate_self(groups)
+        match = @match
+        match = match.evaluate(groups) if match.is_a? PatternBase
+        add_capture_group_if_needed(match)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Returns the operator to use when evaluating
+    #
+    # @return [RegexOperator] the operator to use
+    #
+    def evaluate_operator
+        ConcatOperator.new
+    end
+
+    #
+    # return a string of any additional attributes that need to be added to the #to_s output
+    # indent is a string with the amount of space the parent block is indented, attributes
+    # are indented 2 more spaces
+    # called by #to_s
+    #
+    # @param [String] indent the spaces to indent with
+    #
+    # @return [String] the attributes to add
+    #
+    def do_add_attributes(indent) # rubocop:disable Lint/UnusedMethodArgument
+        ""
+    end
+
+    #
+    # What is the name of the method that the user would call
+    # top_level is if a freestanding or chaining function is called
+    # called by #to_s
+    #
+    # @param [Boolean] top_level is this top_level or chained
+    #
+    # @return [String] the name of the method
+    #
+    def do_get_to_s_name(top_level)
+        top_level ? "Pattern.new(" : ".then("
+    end
+
+    # (see string_single_entity)
+    def single_entity?
+        string_single_entity? evaluate
+    end
+
+    # does this pattern contain no capturing groups
+    def groupless?
+        collect_group_attributes == []
+    end
+
+    # create a copy of this pattern that contains no groups
+    # @return [PatternBase]
+    def groupless
+        __deep_clone__.map! do |s|
+            s.arguments.delete(:tag_as)
+            s.arguments.delete(:reference)
+            s.arguments.delete(:includes)
+            raise "unable to remove capture" if s.needs_to_capture?
+        end.freeze
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Retags all tags_as
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] args retag options
+    # @option [Boolean] :all (true) should all tags be kept
+    # @option [Boolean] :keep (true) should all tags be kept
+    # @option [String] :append a string to append to all tags (implies :keep)
+    # @option [String] tag_as maps from an old tag_as to a new tag_as
+    # @option [String] reference maps from reference to a new tag_as
+    #
+    # @return [PatternBase] a copy of self retagged
+    #
+    def reTag(args)
+        __deep_clone__.map! do |s|
+            # tags are keep unless `all: false` or `keep: false`, and append is not a string
+            discard_tag = (args[:all] == false || args[:keep] == false)
+            discard_tag = false if args[:append].is_a? String
+
+            args.each do |key, tag|
+                if [s.arguments[:tag_as], s.arguments[:reference]].include? key
+                    s.arguments[:tag_as] = tag
+                    discard_tag = false
+                end
+            end
+
+            if args[:append].is_a?(String) && s.arguments[:tag_as]
+                s.arguments[:tag_as] = s.arguments[:tag_as] + "." + args[:append]
+            end
+
+            s.arguments.delete(:tag_as) if discard_tag
+        end.freeze
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Collects information about the capture groups
+    #
+    # @api private
+    #
+    # @param [Integer] next_group the next group number to use
+    #
+    # @return [Array<Hash>] group attributes
+    #
+    def collect_group_attributes(next_group = optimize_outer_group? ? 0 : 1)
+        groups = do_collect_self_groups(next_group)
+        next_group += groups.length
+        if @match.is_a? PatternBase
+            new_groups = @match.collect_group_attributes(next_group)
+            groups.concat(new_groups)
+            next_group += new_groups.length
+        end
+        if @next_pattern.is_a? PatternBase
+            new_groups = @next_pattern.collect_group_attributes(next_group)
+            groups.concat(new_groups)
+        end
+        groups
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Collect group information about self
+    #
+    # @param [Integer] next_group The next group number to use
+    #
+    # @return [Array<Hash>] group attributes
+    #
+    def do_collect_self_groups(next_group)
+        groups = []
+        groups << {group: next_group}.merge(@arguments) if needs_to_capture?
+        groups
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Displays the Pattern for inspection
+    #
+    # @return [String] A representation of the pattern
+    #
+    def inspect
+        super.split(" ")[0] + " match:" + @match.inspect + ">"
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Convert group references into backreferences
+    #
+    # @api private
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] groups group information for the pattern
+    # @param [String] self_regex the pattern as string
+    #
+    # @return [String] the fixed up regex_string
+    #
+    def fixup_regex_references(groups, self_regex)
+        # rubocop:disable Metrics/LineLength
+        references = {}
+        # convert all references to group numbers
+        groups.each do |group|
+            references[group[:reference]] = group[:group] unless group[:reference].nil?
+        end
+
+        # convert back references
+        self_regex = self_regex.gsub(/\(\?\#\[:backreference:([^\\]+?):\]\)/) do
+            match_reference = Regexp.last_match(1)
+            if references[match_reference].nil?
+                raise "\nWhen processing the matchResultOf:#{match_reference}, I couldn't find the group it was referencing"
+            end
+
+            # if the reference does exist, then replace it with it's number
+            "\\#{references[match_reference]}"
+        end
+
+        # check for a subroutine to the Nth group, replace it with `\N`
+        self_regex = self_regex.gsub(/\(\?\#\[:subroutine:([^\\]+?):\]\)/) do
+            match_reference = Regexp.last_match(1)
+            if references[match_reference].nil?
+                raise "\nWhen processing the recursivelyMatch:#{match_reference}, I couldn't find the group it was referencing"
+            end
+
+            # if the reference does exist, then replace it with it's number
+            "\\g<#{references[match_reference]}>"
+        end
+        # rubocop:enable Metrics/LineLength
+        self_regex
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Scrambles references of self
+    # This method provides a way to rename all references
+    # both actual references and references to references will be scrambled in
+    # some one to one mapping, all references that were unique before remain unique
+    #
+    # This must be idempotent, calling this repeatedly must have references be as if it
+    # was called only once, even if the pattern is cloned between calls
+    #  this is because it may be called a different number of times depending on the nest
+    #  level of the patterns
+    #
+    # @return [void] nothing
+    #
+    def self_scramble_references
+        scramble = lambda do |name|
+            return name if name.start_with?("__scrambled__")
+
+            "__scrambled__" + name
+        end
+
+        tag_as = @arguments[:tag_as]
+        reference = @arguments[:reference]
+        @arguments[:tag_as] = scramble.call(tag_as) if tag_as.is_a? String
+        @arguments[:reference] = scramble.call(reference) if reference.is_a? String
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Converts group attributes into a captures hash
+    #
+    # @api private
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] groups group attributes
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] capture hash
+    #
+    def convert_group_attributes_to_captures(groups)
+        captures = {}
+
+        groups.each do |group|
+            output = {}
+            output[:name] = group[:tag_as] unless group[:tag_as].nil?
+            if group[:includes].is_a? Array
+                output[:patterns] = convert_includes_to_patterns(group[:includes])
+            elsif !group[:includes].nil?
+                output[:patterns] = convert_includes_to_patterns([group[:includes]])
+            end
+            captures[group[:group].to_s] = output
+        end
+        # replace $match and $reference() with the appropriate capture number
+        captures.each do |key, value|
+            next if value[:name].nil?
+
+            value[:name] = value[:name].gsub(/\$(?:match|reference\((.+)\))/) do |match|
+                next ("$" + key) if match == "$match"
+
+                reference_group = groups.detect do |group|
+                    group[:reference] == Regexp.last_match(1)
+                end
+                "$" + reference_group[:group].to_s
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # converts an includes array into a patterns array
+    #
+    # @api private
+    #
+    # @param [Array<PatternBase, Symbol>] includes an includes array
+    #
+    # @return [Array<Hash>] a patterns array
+    #
+    def convert_includes_to_patterns(includes)
+        includes = [includes] unless includes.is_a? Array
+        patterns = includes.flatten.map do |rule|
+            next {include: rule} if rule.is_a?(String) && rule.start_with?("source.", "text.")
+            next {include: rule.to_s} if [:$self, :$base].include? rule
+            next {include: "##{rule}"} if rule.is_a? Symbol
+
+            rule = PatternBase.new(rule) unless rule.is_a? PatternBase
+            rule.to_tag
+        end
+        patterns
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Deeply clone self
+    #
+    # @return [PatternBase] a copy of self
+    #
+    def __deep_clone__
+        __deep_clone_self__.insert! @next_pattern.__deep_clone__
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Deeply clones self, without its next_pattern
+    #
+    # @return [PatternBase] a copy of self
+    #
+    def __deep_clone_self__
+        options = @arguments.__deep_clone__
+        options[:match] = @match.__deep_clone__
+        self.class.new(options, :deep_clone, @original_arguments)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Raise an error if regex contains a capturing group
+    #
+    # @param [Regexp] regex the regexp to test
+    # @param [Integer] check the group to check for
+    #
+    # @return [void]
+    #
+    def raise_if_regex_has_capture_group(regex, check = 1)
+        # this will throw a RegexpError if there are no capturing groups
+        _ignore = with_no_warnings { /#{regex}#{"\\" + check.to_s}/ }
+        # at this point @match contains a capture group, complain
+        raise <<-HEREDOC.remove_indent
+
+            There is a pattern that is being constructed from a regular expression
+            with a capturing group. This is not allowed, as the group cannot be tracked
+            The bad pattern is
+            #{self}
+        HEREDOC
+    rescue RegexpError # rubocop: disable Lint/HandleExceptions
+        # no capture groups present, purposely do nothing
+    end
+end