ruby2d 0.4.2 → 0.5.0

checksums.yaml

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data/assets/README.md

@@ -1 +1,9 @@
 # Assets for the Ruby 2D gem
+
+This repo contains:
+- Xcode projects for iOS and tvOS, derived from the [Simple 2D deps](https://github.com/simple2d/deps/tree/master/xcode)
+- iOS and tvOS frameworks from [`mruby-frameworks`](https://github.com/ruby2d/mruby-frameworks)
+- [Simple2D.js](https://github.com/simple2d/simple2d.js)
+- The [Opal](http://opalrb.com) library generated using, for example, `opal --compile app.rb > app.js`
+- An [HTML template](template.html) for web-based apps
+- The [Ruby 2D logo](https://github.com/ruby2d/logo) icon

data/assets/ios/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "20x20",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "20x20",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "60x60",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "iphone",
+      "size" : "60x60",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "20x20",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "20x20",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "76x76",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "76x76",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ipad",
+      "size" : "83.5x83.5",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "ios-marketing",
+      "size" : "1024x1024",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

data/assets/ios/Assets.xcassets/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

data/assets/ios/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.CocoaTouch.Storyboard.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="11134" systemVersion="15F34" targetRuntime="iOS.CocoaTouch" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" launchScreen="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" colorMatched="YES" initialViewController="01J-lp-oVM">
+    <dependencies>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="11106"/>
+        <capability name="documents saved in the Xcode 8 format" minToolsVersion="8.0"/>
+    </dependencies>
+    <scenes>
+        <!--View Controller-->
+        <scene sceneID="EHf-IW-A2E">
+            <objects>
+                <viewController id="01J-lp-oVM" sceneMemberID="viewController">
+                    <layoutGuides>
+                        <viewControllerLayoutGuide type="top" id="Llm-lL-Icb"/>
+                        <viewControllerLayoutGuide type="bottom" id="xb3-aO-Qok"/>
+                    </layoutGuides>
+                    <view key="view" contentMode="scaleToFill" id="Ze5-6b-2t3">
+                        <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="375" height="667"/>
+                        <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" widthSizable="YES" heightSizable="YES"/>
+                        <color key="backgroundColor" red="1" green="1" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="sRGB"/>
+                    </view>
+                </viewController>
+                <placeholder placeholderIdentifier="IBFirstResponder" id="iYj-Kq-Ea1" userLabel="First Responder" sceneMemberID="firstResponder"/>
+            </objects>
+            <point key="canvasLocation" x="53" y="375"/>
+        </scene>
+    </scenes>
+</document>

data/assets/ios/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>en</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>APPL</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1</string>
+	<key>LSRequiresIPhoneOS</key>
+	<true/>
+	<key>UILaunchStoryboardName</key>
+	<string>LaunchScreen</string>
+	<key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>armv7</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations~ipad</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>

data/assets/ios/MRuby.framework/Headers/mrbconf.h

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/*
+** mrbconf.h - mruby core configuration
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBYCONF_H
+#define MRUBYCONF_H
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* architecture selection: */
+/* specify -DMRB_32BIT or -DMRB_64BIT to override */
+#if !defined(MRB_32BIT) && !defined(MRB_64BIT)
+#if UINT64_MAX == SIZE_MAX
+#define MRB_64BIT
+#else
+#define MRB_32BIT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MRB_32BIT) && defined(MRB_64BIT)
+#error Cannot build for 32 and 64 bit architecture at the same time
+#endif
+
+/* configuration options: */
+/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT to use float instead of double for floating point numbers */
+//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT
+
+/* exclude floating point numbers */
+//#define MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+
+/* add -DMRB_METHOD_CACHE to use method cache to improve performance */
+//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+/* size of the method cache (need to be the power of 2) */
+//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<7)
+
+/* add -DMRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE unless platform uses MSB of pointers */
+//#define MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE
+/* turn MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE on for linux by default */
+#if !defined(MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE) && defined(__linux__)
+# define MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE
+#endif
+
+/* add -DMRB_INT16 to use 16bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64 */
+//#define MRB_INT16
+
+/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT16 */
+//#define MRB_INT64
+
+/* if no specific integer type is chosen */
+#if !defined(MRB_INT16) && !defined(MRB_INT32) && !defined(MRB_INT64)
+# if defined(MRB_64BIT) && !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING)
+/* Use 64bit integers on 64bit architecture (without MRB_NAN_BOXING) */
+#  define MRB_INT64
+# else
+/* Otherwise use 32bit integers */
+#  define MRB_INT32
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT and MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT */
+//#define MRB_NAN_BOXING
+
+/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING */
+//#define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+
+/* represent mrb_value as a word (natural unit of data for the processor) */
+//#define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+
+/* string class to handle UTF-8 encoding */
+//#define MRB_UTF8_STRING
+
+/* argv max size in mrb_funcall */
+//#define MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX 16
+
+/* number of object per heap page */
+//#define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 1024
+
+/* if _etext and _edata available, mruby can reduce memory used by symbols */
+//#define MRB_USE_ETEXT_EDATA
+
+/* do not use __init_array_start to determine readonly data section;
+   effective only when MRB_USE_ETEXT_EDATA is defined */
+//#define MRB_NO_INIT_ARRAY_START
+
+/* turn off generational GC by default */
+//#define MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL
+
+/* default size of khash table bucket */
+//#define KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE 32
+
+/* allocated memory address alignment */
+//#define POOL_ALIGNMENT 4
+
+/* page size of memory pool */
+//#define POOL_PAGE_SIZE 16000
+
+/* initial minimum size for string buffer */
+//#define MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE 128
+
+/* arena size */
+//#define MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE 100
+
+/* fixed size GC arena */
+//#define MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA
+
+/* state atexit stack size */
+//#define MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE 5
+
+/* fixed size state atexit stack */
+//#define MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK
+
+/* -DMRB_DISABLE_XXXX to drop following features */
+//#define MRB_DISABLE_STDIO /* use of stdio */
+
+/* -DMRB_ENABLE_XXXX to enable following features */
+//#define MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK /* hooks for debugger */
+
+/* end of configuration */
+
+/* define MRB_DISABLE_XXXX from DISABLE_XXX (for compatibility) */
+#ifdef DISABLE_STDIO
+#define MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+#endif
+
+/* define MRB_ENABLE_XXXX from ENABLE_XXX (for compatibility) */
+#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
+#define MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+# include <stdio.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FALSE
+# define FALSE 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TRUE
+# define TRUE 1
+#endif
+
+#endif  /* MRUBYCONF_H */

data/assets/ios/MRuby.framework/Headers/mruby.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1279 @@
+/*
+** mruby - An embeddable Ruby implementation
+**
+** Copyright (c) mruby developers 2010-2017
+**
+** Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+** a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+** "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+** without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+** distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+** permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+** the following conditions:
+**
+** The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+** included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+**
+** THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+** EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+** MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+** IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+** CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+** TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+** SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+**
+** [ MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php ]
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_H
+#define MRUBY_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
+#endif
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#ifndef SIZE_MAX
+#ifdef __SIZE_MAX__
+#define SIZE_MAX __SIZE_MAX__
+#else
+#define SIZE_MAX std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MRB_DEBUG
+#include <assert.h>
+#define mrb_assert(p) assert(p)
+#define mrb_assert_int_fit(t1,n,t2,max) assert((n)>=0 && ((sizeof(n)<=sizeof(t2))||(n<=(t1)(max))))
+#else
+#define mrb_assert(p) ((void)0)
+#define mrb_assert_int_fit(t1,n,t2,max) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+#define mrb_static_assert(exp, str) _Static_assert(exp, str)
+#else
+#define mrb_static_assert(exp, str) mrb_assert(exp)
+#endif
+
+#include "mrbconf.h"
+
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef FLT_EPSILON
+#define FLT_EPSILON (1.19209290e-07f)
+#endif
+#ifndef DBL_EPSILON
+#define DBL_EPSILON ((double)2.22044604925031308085e-16L)
+#endif
+#ifndef LDBL_EPSILON
+#define LDBL_EPSILON (1.08420217248550443401e-19L)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT
+#define MRB_FLOAT_EPSILON FLT_EPSILON
+#else
+#define MRB_FLOAT_EPSILON DBL_EPSILON
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include "mruby/common.h"
+#include <mruby/value.h>
+#include <mruby/gc.h>
+#include <mruby/version.h>
+
+/**
+ * MRuby C API entry point
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+typedef uint32_t mrb_code;
+
+/**
+ * Required arguments signature type.
+ */
+typedef uint32_t mrb_aspec;
+
+
+struct mrb_irep;
+struct mrb_state;
+
+/**
+ * Function pointer type of custom allocator used in @see mrb_open_allocf.
+ *
+ * The function pointing it must behave similarly as realloc except:
+ * - If ptr is NULL it must allocate new space.
+ * - If s is NULL, ptr must be freed.
+ *
+ * See @see mrb_default_allocf for the default implementation.
+ */
+typedef void* (*mrb_allocf) (struct mrb_state *mrb, void*, size_t, void *ud);
+
+#ifndef MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE
+#define MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE 5
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+  mrb_sym mid;
+  struct RProc *proc;
+  mrb_value *stackent;
+  int nregs;
+  int ridx;
+  int epos;
+  struct REnv *env;
+  mrb_code *pc;                 /* return address */
+  mrb_code *err;                /* error position */
+  int argc;
+  int acc;
+  struct RClass *target_class;
+} mrb_callinfo;
+
+enum mrb_fiber_state {
+  MRB_FIBER_CREATED = 0,
+  MRB_FIBER_RUNNING,
+  MRB_FIBER_RESUMED,
+  MRB_FIBER_SUSPENDED,
+  MRB_FIBER_TRANSFERRED,
+  MRB_FIBER_TERMINATED,
+};
+
+struct mrb_context {
+  struct mrb_context *prev;
+
+  mrb_value *stack;                       /* stack of virtual machine */
+  mrb_value *stbase, *stend;
+
+  mrb_callinfo *ci;
+  mrb_callinfo *cibase, *ciend;
+
+  mrb_code **rescue;                      /* exception handler stack */
+  int rsize;
+  struct RProc **ensure;                  /* ensure handler stack */
+  int esize, eidx;
+
+  enum mrb_fiber_state status;
+  mrb_bool vmexec;
+  struct RFiber *fib;
+};
+
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
+# define MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+#else
+/* default method cache size: 128 */
+/* cache size needs to be power of 2 */
+# define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<7)
+#endif
+
+typedef mrb_value (*mrb_func_t)(struct mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value);
+
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE
+typedef uintptr_t mrb_method_t;
+#else
+typedef struct {
+  mrb_bool func_p;
+  union {
+    struct RProc *proc;
+    mrb_func_t func;
+  };
+} mrb_method_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+struct mrb_cache_entry {
+  struct RClass *c;
+  mrb_sym mid;
+  mrb_method_t m;
+};
+#endif
+
+struct mrb_jmpbuf;
+
+typedef void (*mrb_atexit_func)(struct mrb_state*);
+
+#define MRB_STATE_NO_REGEXP 1
+#define MRB_STATE_REGEXP    2
+
+typedef struct mrb_state {
+  struct mrb_jmpbuf *jmp;
+
+  uint32_t flags;
+  mrb_allocf allocf;                      /* memory allocation function */
+  void *allocf_ud;                        /* auxiliary data of allocf */
+
+  struct mrb_context *c;
+  struct mrb_context *root_c;
+  struct iv_tbl *globals;                 /* global variable table */
+
+  struct RObject *exc;                    /* exception */
+
+  struct RObject *top_self;
+  struct RClass *object_class;            /* Object class */
+  struct RClass *class_class;
+  struct RClass *module_class;
+  struct RClass *proc_class;
+  struct RClass *string_class;
+  struct RClass *array_class;
+  struct RClass *hash_class;
+  struct RClass *range_class;
+
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+  struct RClass *float_class;
+#endif
+  struct RClass *fixnum_class;
+  struct RClass *true_class;
+  struct RClass *false_class;
+  struct RClass *nil_class;
+  struct RClass *symbol_class;
+  struct RClass *kernel_module;
+
+  struct alloca_header *mems;
+  mrb_gc gc;
+
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+  struct mrb_cache_entry cache[MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE];
+#endif
+
+  mrb_sym symidx;
+  struct kh_n2s *name2sym;      /* symbol hash */
+  struct symbol_name *symtbl;   /* symbol table */
+  size_t symcapa;
+
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK
+  void (*code_fetch_hook)(struct mrb_state* mrb, struct mrb_irep *irep, mrb_code *pc, mrb_value *regs);
+  void (*debug_op_hook)(struct mrb_state* mrb, struct mrb_irep *irep, mrb_code *pc, mrb_value *regs);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MRB_BYTECODE_DECODE_OPTION
+  mrb_code (*bytecode_decoder)(struct mrb_state* mrb, mrb_code code);
+#endif
+
+  struct RClass *eException_class;
+  struct RClass *eStandardError_class;
+  struct RObject *nomem_err;              /* pre-allocated NoMemoryError */
+  struct RObject *stack_err;              /* pre-allocated SysStackError */
+#ifdef MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA
+  struct RObject *arena_err;              /* pre-allocated arena overfow error */
+#endif
+
+  void *ud; /* auxiliary data */
+
+#ifdef MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK
+  mrb_atexit_func atexit_stack[MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE];
+#else
+  mrb_atexit_func *atexit_stack;
+#endif
+  mrb_int atexit_stack_len;
+} mrb_state;
+
+/**
+ * Defines a new class.
+ *
+ * If you're creating a gem it may look something like this:
+ *
+ *      !!!c
+ *      void mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
+ *          struct RClass *example_class;
+ *          example_class = mrb_define_class(mrb, "Example_Class", mrb->object_class);
+ *      }
+ *
+ *      void mrb_example_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb) {
+ *          //free(TheAnimals);
+ *      }
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state *] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [const char *] name The name of the defined class.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] super The new class parent.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] Reference to the newly defined class.
+ * @see mrb_define_class_under
+ */
+MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_define_class(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name, struct RClass *super);
+
+/**
+ * Defines a new module.
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state *] mrb_state* The current mruby state.
+ * @param [const char *] char* The name of the module.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] Reference to the newly defined module.
+ */
+MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_define_module(mrb_state *, const char*);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_singleton_class(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
+
+/**
+ * Include a module in another class or module.
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *   module B
+ *     include A
+ *   end
+ * @param [mrb_state *] mrb_state* The current mruby state.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] RClass* A reference to module or a class.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] RClass* A reference to the module to be included.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_include_module(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, struct RClass*);
+
+/**
+ * Prepends a module in another class or module.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *  module B
+ *    prepend A
+ *  end
+ * @param [mrb_state *] mrb_state* The current mruby state.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] RClass* A reference to module or a class.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] RClass* A reference to the module to be prepended.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_prepend_module(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, struct RClass*);
+
+/**
+ * Defines a global function in ruby.
+ *
+ * If you're creating a gem it may look something like this
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *     !!!c
+ *     mrb_value example_method(mrb_state* mrb, mrb_value self)
+ *     {
+ *          puts("Executing example command!");
+ *          return self;
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     void mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb)
+ *     {
+ *           mrb_define_method(mrb, mrb->kernel_module, "example_method", example_method, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+ *     }
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state *] mrb The MRuby state reference.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] cla The class pointer where the method will be defined.
+ * @param [const char *] name The name of the method being defined.
+ * @param [mrb_func_t] func The function pointer to the method definition.
+ * @param [mrb_aspec] aspec The method parameters declaration.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_define_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, const char *name, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
+
+/**
+ * Defines a class method.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *     # Ruby style
+ *     class Foo
+ *       def Foo.bar
+ *       end
+ *     end
+ *     // C style
+ *     mrb_value bar_method(mrb_state* mrb, mrb_value self){
+ *       return mrb_nil_value();
+ *     }
+ *     void mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb){
+ *       struct RClass *foo;
+ *       foo = mrb_define_class(mrb, "Foo", mrb->object_class);
+ *       mrb_define_class_method(mrb, foo, "bar", bar_method, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+ *     }
+ * @param [mrb_state *] mrb_state* The MRuby state reference.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] RClass* The class where the class method will be defined.
+ * @param [const char *] char* The name of the class method being defined.
+ * @param [mrb_func_t] mrb_func_t The function pointer to the class method definition.
+ * @param [mrb_aspec] mrb_aspec The method parameters declaration.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_define_class_method(mrb_state *, struct RClass *, const char *, mrb_func_t, mrb_aspec);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_singleton_method(mrb_state*, struct RObject*, const char*, mrb_func_t, mrb_aspec);
+
+/**
+ *  Defines a module fuction.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *        # Ruby style
+ *        module Foo
+ *          def Foo.bar
+ *          end
+ *        end
+ *        // C style
+ *        mrb_value bar_method(mrb_state* mrb, mrb_value self){
+ *          return mrb_nil_value();
+ *        }
+ *        void mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb){
+ *          struct RClass *foo;
+ *          foo = mrb_define_module(mrb, "Foo");
+ *          mrb_define_module_function(mrb, foo, "bar", bar_method, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+ *        }
+ *  @param [mrb_state *] mrb_state* The MRuby state reference.
+ *  @param [struct RClass *] RClass* The module where the module function will be defined.
+ *  @param [const char *] char* The name of the module function being defined.
+ *  @param [mrb_func_t] mrb_func_t The function pointer to the module function definition.
+ *  @param [mrb_aspec] mrb_aspec The method parameters declaration.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_define_module_function(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, const char*, mrb_func_t, mrb_aspec);
+
+/**
+ *  Defines a constant.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *          # Ruby style
+ *          class ExampleClass
+ *            AGE = 22
+ *          end
+ *          // C style
+ *          #include <stdio.h>
+ *          #include <mruby.h>
+ *
+ *          void
+ *          mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb){
+ *            mrb_define_const(mrb, mrb->kernel_module, "AGE", mrb_fixnum_value(22));
+ *          }
+ *
+ *          mrb_value
+ *          mrb_example_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb){
+ *          }
+ *  @param [mrb_state *] mrb_state* The MRuby state reference.
+ *  @param [struct RClass *] RClass* A class or module the constant is defined in.
+ *  @param [const char *] name The name of the constant being defined.
+ *  @param [mrb_value] mrb_value The value for the constant.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_define_const(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, const char *name, mrb_value);
+
+/**
+ * Undefines a method.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *     # Ruby style
+ *
+ *     class ExampleClassA
+ *       def example_method
+ *         "example"
+ *       end
+ *     end
+ *     ExampleClassA.new.example_method # => example
+ *
+ *     class ExampleClassB < ExampleClassA
+ *       undef_method :example_method
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     ExampleClassB.new.example_method # => undefined method 'example_method' for ExampleClassB (NoMethodError)
+ *
+ *     // C style
+ *     #include <stdio.h>
+ *     #include <mruby.h>
+ *
+ *     mrb_value
+ *     mrb_example_method(mrb_state *mrb){
+ *       return mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, "example");
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     void
+ *     mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb){
+ *       struct RClass *example_class_a;
+ *       struct RClass *example_class_b;
+ *       struct RClass *example_class_c;
+ *
+ *       example_class_a = mrb_define_class(mrb, "ExampleClassA", mrb->object_class);
+ *       mrb_define_method(mrb, example_class_a, "example_method", mrb_example_method, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+ *       example_class_b = mrb_define_class(mrb, "ExampleClassB", example_class_a);
+ *       example_class_c = mrb_define_class(mrb, "ExampleClassC", example_class_b);
+ *       mrb_undef_method(mrb, example_class_c, "example_method");
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     mrb_example_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb){
+ *     }
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb_state* The mruby state reference.
+ * @param [struct RClass*] RClass* A class the method will be undefined from.
+ * @param [const char*] constchar* The name of the method to be undefined.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_undef_method(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, const char*);
+
+/**
+ * Undefine a class method.
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *      # Ruby style
+ *      class ExampleClass
+ *        def self.example_method
+ *          "example"
+ *        end
+ *      end
+ *
+ *     ExampleClass.example_method
+ *
+ *     // C style
+ *     #include <stdio.h>
+ *     #include <mruby.h>
+ *
+ *     mrb_value
+ *     mrb_example_method(mrb_state *mrb){
+ *       return mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, "example");
+ *     }
+ *
+ *     void
+ *     mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb){
+ *       struct RClass *example_class;
+ *       example_class = mrb_define_class(mrb, "ExampleClass", mrb->object_class);
+ *       mrb_define_class_method(mrb, example_class, "example_method", mrb_example_method, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+ *       mrb_undef_class_method(mrb, example_class, "example_method");
+ *      }
+ *
+ *      void
+ *      mrb_example_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb){
+ *      }
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb_state* The mruby state reference.
+ * @param [RClass*] RClass* A class the class method will be undefined from.
+ * @param [constchar*] constchar* The name of the class method to be undefined.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_undef_class_method(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, const char*);
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a new object instace of c class.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *     # Ruby style
+ *     class ExampleClass
+ *     end
+ *
+ *     p ExampleClass # => #<ExampleClass:0x9958588>
+ *     // C style
+ *     #include <stdio.h>
+ *     #include <mruby.h>
+ *
+ *     void
+ *     mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
+ *       struct RClass *example_class;
+ *       mrb_value obj;
+ *       example_class = mrb_define_class(mrb, "ExampleClass", mrb->object_class); # => class ExampleClass; end
+ *       obj = mrb_obj_new(mrb, example_class, 0, NULL); # => ExampleClass.new
+ *       mrb_p(mrb, obj); // => Kernel#p
+ *      }
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [RClass*] c Reference to the class of the new object.
+ * @param [mrb_int] argc Number of arguments in argv
+ * @param [const mrb_value *] argv Array of mrb_value to initialize the object
+ * @return [mrb_value] The newly initialized object
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_new(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
+
+/** @see mrb_obj_new */
+MRB_INLINE mrb_value mrb_class_new_instance(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, struct RClass *c)
+{
+  return mrb_obj_new(mrb,c,argc,argv);
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_instance_new(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value cv);
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new instance of Class, Class.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ *      void
+ *      mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
+ *        struct RClass *example_class;
+ *
+ *        mrb_value obj;
+ *        example_class = mrb_class_new(mrb, mrb->object_class);
+ *        obj = mrb_obj_new(mrb, example_class, 0, NULL); // => #<#<Class:0x9a945b8>:0x9a94588>
+ *        mrb_p(mrb, obj); // => Kernel#p
+ *       }
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] super The super class or parent.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] Reference to the new class.
+ */
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_class_new(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *super);
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new module, Module.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *      void
+ *      mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
+ *        struct RClass *example_module;
+ *
+ *        example_module = mrb_module_new(mrb);
+ *      }
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] Reference to the new module.
+ */
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_new(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/**
+ * Returns an mrb_bool. True if class was defined, and false if the class was not defined.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *     void
+ *     mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
+ *       struct RClass *example_class;
+ *       mrb_bool cd;
+ *
+ *       example_class = mrb_define_class(mrb, "ExampleClass", mrb->object_class);
+ *       cd = mrb_class_defined(mrb, "ExampleClass");
+ *
+ *       // If mrb_class_defined returns 1 then puts "True"
+ *       // If mrb_class_defined returns 0 then puts "False"
+ *       if (cd == 1){
+ *         puts("True");
+ *       }
+ *       else {
+ *         puts("False");
+ *       }
+ *      }
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [const char *] name A string representing the name of the class.
+ * @return [mrb_bool] A boolean value.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_class_defined(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * Gets a class.
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [const char *] name The name of the class.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the class.
+*/
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_class_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * Gets a exception class.
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [const char *] name The name of the class.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the class.
+*/
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_exc_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * Returns an mrb_bool. True if inner class was defined, and false if the inner class was not defined.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *     void
+ *     mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
+ *       struct RClass *example_outer, *example_inner;
+ *       mrb_bool cd;
+ *
+ *       example_outer = mrb_define_module(mrb, "ExampleOuter");
+ *
+ *       example_inner = mrb_define_class_under(mrb, example_outer, "ExampleInner", mrb->object_class);
+ *       cd = mrb_class_defined_under(mrb, example_outer, "ExampleInner");
+ *
+ *       // If mrb_class_defined_under returns 1 then puts "True"
+ *       // If mrb_class_defined_under returns 0 then puts "False"
+ *       if (cd == 1){
+ *         puts("True");
+ *       }
+ *       else {
+ *         puts("False");
+ *       }
+ *      }
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] outer The name of the outer class.
+ * @param [const char *] name A string representing the name of the inner class.
+ * @return [mrb_bool] A boolean value.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_class_defined_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * Gets a child class.
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] outer The name of the parent class.
+ * @param [const char *] name The name of the class.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the class.
+*/
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_class_get_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * Gets a module.
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [const char *] name The name of the module.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the module.
+*/
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * Gets a module defined under another module.
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] outer The name of the outer module.
+ * @param [const char *] name The name of the module.
+ * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the module.
+*/
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_get_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_notimplement_m(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
+
+/**
+ * Duplicate an object.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *   Object#dup
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [mrb_value] obj Object to be duplicate.
+ * @return [mrb_value] The newly duplicated object.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_dup(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_to_integer(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, const char *method);
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if obj responds to the given method. If the method was defined for that
+ * class it returns true, it returns false otherwise.
+ *
+ *      Example:
+ *      # Ruby style
+ *      class ExampleClass
+ *        def example_method
+ *        end
+ *      end
+ *
+ *      ExampleClass.new.respond_to?(:example_method) # => true
+ *
+ *      // C style
+ *      void
+ *      mrb_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
+ *        struct RClass *example_class;
+ *        mrb_sym mid;
+ *        mrb_bool obj_resp;
+ *
+ *        example_class = mrb_define_class(mrb, "ExampleClass", mrb->object_class);
+ *        mrb_define_method(mrb, example_class, "example_method", exampleMethod, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+ *        mid = mrb_intern_str(mrb, mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, "example_method" ));
+ *        obj_resp = mrb_obj_respond_to(mrb, example_class, mid); // => 1(true in Ruby world)
+ *
+ *        // If mrb_obj_respond_to returns 1 then puts "True"
+ *        // If mrb_obj_respond_to returns 0 then puts "False"
+ *        if (obj_resp == 1) {
+ *          puts("True");
+ *        }
+ *        else if (obj_resp == 0) {
+ *          puts("False");
+ *        }
+ *      }
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] c A reference to a class.
+ * @param [mrb_sym] mid A symbol referencing a method id.
+ * @return [mrb_bool] A boolean value.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_respond_to(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c, mrb_sym mid);
+
+/**
+ * Defines a new class under a given module
+ *
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param [struct RClass *] outer Reference to the module under which the new class will be defined
+ * @param [const char *] name The name of the defined class
+ * @param [struct RClass *] super The new class parent
+ * @return [struct RClass *] Reference to the newly defined class
+ * @see mrb_define_class
+ */
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_define_class_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name, struct RClass *super);
+
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_define_module_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+
+/**
+ * Function requires n arguments.
+ *
+ * @param n
+ *      The number of required arguments.
+ */
+#define MRB_ARGS_REQ(n)     ((mrb_aspec)((n)&0x1f) << 18)
+
+/**
+ * Funtion takes n optional arguments
+ *
+ * @param n
+ *      The number of optional arguments.
+ */
+#define MRB_ARGS_OPT(n)     ((mrb_aspec)((n)&0x1f) << 13)
+
+/**
+ * Funtion takes n1 mandatory arguments and n2 optional arguments
+ *
+ * @param n1
+ *      The number of required arguments.
+ * @param n2
+ *      The number of optional arguments.
+ */
+#define MRB_ARGS_ARG(n1,n2)   (MRB_ARGS_REQ(n1)|MRB_ARGS_OPT(n2))
+
+/** rest argument */
+#define MRB_ARGS_REST()     ((mrb_aspec)(1 << 12))
+
+/** required arguments after rest */
+#define MRB_ARGS_POST(n)    ((mrb_aspec)((n)&0x1f) << 7)
+
+/** keyword arguments (n of keys, kdict) */
+#define MRB_ARGS_KEY(n1,n2) ((mrb_aspec)((((n1)&0x1f) << 2) | ((n2)?(1<<1):0)))
+
+/**
+ * Function takes a block argument
+ */
+#define MRB_ARGS_BLOCK()    ((mrb_aspec)1)
+
+/**
+ * Function accepts any number of arguments
+ */
+#define MRB_ARGS_ANY()      MRB_ARGS_REST()
+
+/**
+ * Function accepts no arguments
+ */
+#define MRB_ARGS_NONE()     ((mrb_aspec)0)
+
+/**
+ * Format specifiers for {mrb_get_args} function
+ *
+ * Must be a C string composed of the following format specifiers:
+ *
+ * | char | Ruby type      | C types           | Notes                                               |
+ * |:----:|----------------|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
+ * | `o`  | {Object}       | {mrb_value}       | Could be used to retrieve any type of argument     |
+ * | `C`  | {Class}/{Module} | {mrb_value}     |                                                    |
+ * | `S`  | {String}       | {mrb_value}       | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil`           |
+ * | `A`  | {Array}        | {mrb_value}       | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil`           |
+ * | `H`  | {Hash}         | {mrb_value}       | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil`           |
+ * | `s`  | {String}       | char *, {mrb_int} |  Receive two arguments; `s!` gives (`NULL`,`0`) for `nil`       |
+ * | `z`  | {String}       | char *            | `NULL` terminated string; `z!` gives `NULL` for `nil`           |
+ * | `a`  | {Array}        | {mrb_value} *, {mrb_int} | Receive two arguments; `a!` gives (`NULL`,`0`) for `nil` |
+ * | `f`  | {Float}        | {mrb_float}       |                                                    |
+ * | `i`  | {Integer}      | {mrb_int}         |                                                    |
+ * | `b`  | boolean        | {mrb_bool}        |                                                    |
+ * | `n`  | {Symbol}       | {mrb_sym}         |                                                    |
+ * | `&`  | block          | {mrb_value}       |                                                    |
+ * | `*`  | rest arguments | {mrb_value} *, {mrb_int} | Receive the rest of arguments as an array.  |
+ * | &vert; | optional     |                   | After this spec following specs would be optional. |
+ * | `?`  | optional given | {mrb_bool}        | `TRUE` if preceding argument is given. Used to check optional argument is given. |
+ *
+ * @see mrb_get_args
+ */
+typedef const char *mrb_args_format;
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve arguments from mrb_state.
+ *
+ * When applicable, implicit conversions (such as `to_str`, `to_ary`, `to_hash`) are
+ * applied to received arguments.
+ * Used inside a function of mrb_func_t type.
+ *
+ * @param mrb The current MRuby state.
+ * @param format [mrb_args_format] is a list of format specifiers
+ * @param ... The passing variadic arguments must be a pointer of retrieving type.
+ * @return the number of arguments retrieved.
+ * @see mrb_args_format
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_int mrb_get_args(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_args_format format, ...);
+
+static inline mrb_sym
+mrb_get_mid(mrb_state *mrb) /* get method symbol */
+{
+  return mrb->c->ci->mid;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve number of arguments from mrb_state.
+ *
+ * Correctly handles *splat arguments.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_int mrb_get_argc(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+MRB_API mrb_value* mrb_get_argv(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/* `strlen` for character string literals (use with caution or `strlen` instead)
+    Adjacent string literals are concatenated in C/C++ in translation phase 6.
+    If `lit` is not one, the compiler will report a syntax error:
+     MSVC: "error C2143: syntax error : missing ')' before 'string'"
+     GCC:  "error: expected ')' before string constant"
+*/
+#define mrb_strlen_lit(lit) (sizeof(lit "") - 1)
+
+/**
+ * Call existing ruby functions.
+ *
+ *      #include <stdio.h>
+ *      #include <mruby.h>
+ *      #include "mruby/compile.h"
+ *
+ *      int
+ *      main()
+ *      {
+ *        mrb_int i = 99;
+ *        mrb_state *mrb = mrb_open();
+ *
+ *        if (!mrb) { }
+ *        FILE *fp = fopen("test.rb","r");
+ *        mrb_value obj = mrb_load_file(mrb,fp);
+ *        mrb_funcall(mrb, obj, "method_name", 1, mrb_fixnum_value(i));
+ *        fclose(fp);
+ *        mrb_close(mrb);
+ *       }
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb_state* The current mruby state.
+ * @param [mrb_value] mrb_value A reference to an mruby value.
+ * @param [const char*] const char* The name of the method.
+ * @param [mrb_int] mrb_int The number of arguments the method has.
+ * @param [...] ... Variadic values(not type safe!).
+ * @return [mrb_value] mrb_value mruby function value.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall(mrb_state*, mrb_value, const char*, mrb_int,...);
+/**
+ * Call existing ruby functions. This is basically the type safe version of mrb_funcall.
+ *
+ *      #include <stdio.h>
+ *      #include <mruby.h>
+ *      #include "mruby/compile.h"
+ *      int
+ *      main()
+ *      {
+ *        mrb_int i = 99;
+ *        mrb_state *mrb = mrb_open();
+ *
+ *        if (!mrb) { }
+ *        mrb_sym m_sym = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "method_name"); // Symbol for method.
+ *
+ *        FILE *fp = fopen("test.rb","r");
+ *        mrb_value obj = mrb_load_file(mrb,fp);
+ *        mrb_funcall_argv(mrb, obj, m_sym, 1, &obj); // Calling ruby function from test.rb.
+ *        fclose(fp);
+ *        mrb_close(mrb);
+ *       }
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb_state* The current mruby state.
+ * @param [mrb_value] mrb_value A reference to an mruby value.
+ * @param [mrb_sym] mrb_sym The symbol representing the method.
+ * @param [mrb_int] mrb_int The number of arguments the method has.
+ * @param [const mrb_value*] mrb_value* Pointer to the object.
+ * @return [mrb_value] mrb_value mruby function value.
+ * @see mrb_funcall
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_argv(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym, mrb_int, const mrb_value*);
+/**
+ * Call existing ruby functions with a block.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym, mrb_int, const mrb_value*, mrb_value);
+/**
+ * Create a symbol
+ *
+ *     # Ruby style:
+ *     :pizza # => :pizza
+ *
+ *     // C style:
+ *     mrb_sym m_sym = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "pizza"); //  => :pizza
+ * @param [mrb_state*] mrb_state* The current mruby state.
+ * @param [const char*] const char* The name of the method.
+ * @return [mrb_sym] mrb_sym A symbol.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_cstr(mrb_state*,const char*);
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t);
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_static(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t);
+#define mrb_intern_lit(mrb, lit) mrb_intern_static(mrb, lit, mrb_strlen_lit(lit))
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_intern_cstr(mrb_state*,const char*);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_intern(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_intern_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value);
+MRB_API const char *mrb_sym2name(mrb_state*,mrb_sym);
+MRB_API const char *mrb_sym2name_len(mrb_state*,mrb_sym,mrb_int*);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_sym2str(mrb_state*,mrb_sym);
+
+MRB_API void *mrb_malloc(mrb_state*, size_t);         /* raise RuntimeError if no mem */
+MRB_API void *mrb_calloc(mrb_state*, size_t, size_t); /* ditto */
+MRB_API void *mrb_realloc(mrb_state*, void*, size_t); /* ditto */
+MRB_API void *mrb_realloc_simple(mrb_state*, void*, size_t); /* return NULL if no memory available */
+MRB_API void *mrb_malloc_simple(mrb_state*, size_t);  /* return NULL if no memory available */
+MRB_API struct RBasic *mrb_obj_alloc(mrb_state*, enum mrb_vtype, struct RClass*);
+MRB_API void mrb_free(mrb_state*, void*);
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_new(mrb_state *mrb, const char *p, size_t len);
+
+/**
+ * Turns a C string into a Ruby string value.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb_state*, const char*);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_new_static(mrb_state *mrb, const char *p, size_t len);
+#define mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, lit) mrb_str_new_static(mrb, (lit), mrb_strlen_lit(lit))
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+char* mrb_utf8_from_locale(const char *p, int len);
+char* mrb_locale_from_utf8(const char *p, int len);
+#define mrb_locale_free(p) free(p)
+#define mrb_utf8_free(p) free(p)
+#else
+#define mrb_utf8_from_locale(p, l) (p)
+#define mrb_locale_from_utf8(p, l) (p)
+#define mrb_locale_free(p)
+#define mrb_utf8_free(p)
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Creates new mrb_state.
+ *
+ * @return
+ *      Pointer to the newly created mrb_state.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_state* mrb_open(void);
+
+/**
+ * Create new mrb_state with custom allocators.
+ *
+ * @param f
+ *      Reference to the allocation function.
+ * @param ud
+ *      User data will be passed to custom allocator f.
+ *      If user data isn't required just pass NULL.
+ * @return
+ *      Pointer to the newly created mrb_state.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_state* mrb_open_allocf(mrb_allocf f, void *ud);
+
+/**
+ * Create new mrb_state with just the MRuby core
+ *
+ * @param f
+ *      Reference to the allocation function.
+ *      Use mrb_default_allocf for the default
+ * @param ud
+ *      User data will be passed to custom allocator f.
+ *      If user data isn't required just pass NULL.
+ * @return
+ *      Pointer to the newly created mrb_state.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_state* mrb_open_core(mrb_allocf f, void *ud);
+
+/**
+ * Closes and frees a mrb_state.
+ *
+ * @param mrb
+ *      Pointer to the mrb_state to be closed.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_close(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/**
+ * The default allocation function.
+ *
+ * @see mrb_allocf
+ */
+MRB_API void* mrb_default_allocf(mrb_state*, void*, size_t, void*);
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_top_self(mrb_state *);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_run(mrb_state*, struct RProc*, mrb_value);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_top_run(mrb_state*, struct RProc*, mrb_value, unsigned int);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vm_run(mrb_state*, struct RProc*, mrb_value, unsigned int);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vm_exec(mrb_state*, struct RProc*, mrb_code*);
+/* compatibility macros */
+#define mrb_toplevel_run_keep(m,p,k) mrb_top_run((m),(p),mrb_top_self(m),(k))
+#define mrb_toplevel_run(m,p) mrb_toplevel_run_keep((m),(p),0)
+#define mrb_context_run(m,p,s,k) mrb_vm_run((m),(p),(s),(k))
+
+MRB_API void mrb_p(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
+MRB_API mrb_int mrb_obj_id(mrb_value obj);
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_obj_to_sym(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value name);
+
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_eq(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_equal(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_equal(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj1, mrb_value obj2);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_convert_to_integer(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_int base);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_Integer(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_Float(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
+#endif
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_inspect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_eql(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj1, mrb_value obj2);
+
+static inline int mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb_state*);
+static inline void mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb_state*,int);
+
+static inline int
+mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+  return mrb->gc.arena_idx;
+}
+
+static inline void
+mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb_state *mrb, int idx)
+{
+  mrb->gc.arena_idx = idx;
+}
+
+MRB_API int mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb_state*);
+MRB_API void mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb_state*,int);
+
+MRB_API void mrb_garbage_collect(mrb_state*);
+MRB_API void mrb_full_gc(mrb_state*);
+MRB_API void mrb_incremental_gc(mrb_state *);
+MRB_API void mrb_gc_mark(mrb_state*,struct RBasic*);
+#define mrb_gc_mark_value(mrb,val) do {\
+  if (!mrb_immediate_p(val)) mrb_gc_mark((mrb), mrb_basic_ptr(val)); \
+} while (0)
+MRB_API void mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb_state *, struct RBasic*, struct RBasic*);
+#define mrb_field_write_barrier_value(mrb, obj, val) do{\
+  if (!mrb_immediate_p(val)) mrb_field_write_barrier((mrb), (obj), mrb_basic_ptr(val)); \
+} while (0)
+MRB_API void mrb_write_barrier(mrb_state *, struct RBasic*);
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_convert_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, enum mrb_vtype type, const char *tname, const char *method);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_any_to_s(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
+MRB_API const char * mrb_obj_classname(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
+MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_obj_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_class_path(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_convert_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, enum mrb_vtype type, const char *tname, const char *method);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_is_kind_of(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, struct RClass *c);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_inspect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_clone(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+
+#ifndef ISPRINT
+#define ISASCII(c) ((unsigned)(c) <= 0x7f)
+#define ISPRINT(c) (((unsigned)(c) - 0x20) < 0x5f)
+#define ISSPACE(c) ((c) == ' ' || (unsigned)(c) - '\t' < 5)
+#define ISUPPER(c) (((unsigned)(c) - 'A') < 26)
+#define ISLOWER(c) (((unsigned)(c) - 'a') < 26)
+#define ISALPHA(c) ((((unsigned)(c) | 0x20) - 'a') < 26)
+#define ISDIGIT(c) (((unsigned)(c) - '0') < 10)
+#define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISDIGIT(c) || ((unsigned)(c) | 0x20) - 'a' < 6)
+#define ISALNUM(c) (ISALPHA(c) || ISDIGIT(c))
+#define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+#define ISCNTRL(c) ((unsigned)(c) < 0x20 || (c) == 0x7f)
+#define TOUPPER(c) (ISLOWER(c) ? ((c) & 0x5f) : (c))
+#define TOLOWER(c) (ISUPPER(c) ? ((c) | 0x20) : (c))
+#endif
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_exc_new(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, const char *ptr, size_t len);
+MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_exc_raise(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value exc);
+
+MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_raise(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, const char *msg);
+MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_raisef(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, const char *fmt, ...);
+MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_name_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym id, const char *fmt, ...);
+MRB_API void mrb_warn(mrb_state *mrb, const char *fmt, ...);
+MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_bug(mrb_state *mrb, const char *fmt, ...);
+MRB_API void mrb_print_backtrace(mrb_state *mrb);
+MRB_API void mrb_print_error(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/* macros to get typical exception objects
+   note:
+   + those E_* macros requires mrb_state* variable named mrb.
+   + exception objects obtained from those macros are local to mrb
+*/
+#define E_RUNTIME_ERROR             (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "RuntimeError"))
+#define E_TYPE_ERROR                (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "TypeError"))
+#define E_ARGUMENT_ERROR            (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "ArgumentError"))
+#define E_INDEX_ERROR               (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "IndexError"))
+#define E_RANGE_ERROR               (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "RangeError"))
+#define E_NAME_ERROR                (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "NameError"))
+#define E_NOMETHOD_ERROR            (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "NoMethodError"))
+#define E_SCRIPT_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "ScriptError"))
+#define E_SYNTAX_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "SyntaxError"))
+#define E_LOCALJUMP_ERROR           (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "LocalJumpError"))
+#define E_REGEXP_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "RegexpError"))
+
+#define E_NOTIMP_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "NotImplementedError"))
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#define E_FLOATDOMAIN_ERROR         (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "FloatDomainError"))
+#endif
+
+#define E_KEY_ERROR                 (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "KeyError"))
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_yield(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_value arg);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_yield_argv(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_yield_with_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value self, struct RClass *c);
+
+/* continue execution to the proc */
+/* this function should always be called as the last function of a method */
+/* e.g. return mrb_yield_cont(mrb, proc, self, argc, argv); */
+mrb_value mrb_yield_cont(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_value self, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
+
+/* mrb_gc_protect() leaves the object in the arena */
+MRB_API void mrb_gc_protect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
+/* mrb_gc_register() keeps the object from GC. */
+MRB_API void mrb_gc_register(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
+/* mrb_gc_unregister() removes the object from GC root. */
+MRB_API void mrb_gc_unregister(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_to_int(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
+#define mrb_int(mrb, val) mrb_fixnum(mrb_to_int(mrb, val))
+MRB_API void mrb_check_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, enum mrb_vtype t);
+
+typedef enum call_type {
+  CALL_PUBLIC,
+  CALL_FCALL,
+  CALL_VCALL,
+  CALL_TYPE_MAX
+} call_type;
+
+MRB_API void mrb_define_alias(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *klass, const char *name1, const char *name2);
+MRB_API const char *mrb_class_name(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* klass);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_global_const(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name, mrb_value val);
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_attr_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, mrb_sym id);
+
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_respond_to(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, mrb_sym mid);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_is_instance_of(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, struct RClass* c);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_func_basic_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, mrb_sym mid, mrb_func_t func);
+
+
+/*
+ * Resume a Fiber
+ *
+ * @mrbgem mruby-fiber
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_fiber_resume(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value fib, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
+
+/*
+ * Yield a Fiber
+ *
+ * @mrbgem mruby-fiber
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_fiber_yield(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
+
+/*
+ * FiberError reference
+ *
+ * @mrbgem mruby-fiber
+ */
+#define E_FIBER_ERROR (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "FiberError"))
+
+/* memory pool implementation */
+typedef struct mrb_pool mrb_pool;
+MRB_API struct mrb_pool* mrb_pool_open(mrb_state*);
+MRB_API void mrb_pool_close(struct mrb_pool*);
+MRB_API void* mrb_pool_alloc(struct mrb_pool*, size_t);
+MRB_API void* mrb_pool_realloc(struct mrb_pool*, void*, size_t oldlen, size_t newlen);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_pool_can_realloc(struct mrb_pool*, void*, size_t);
+MRB_API void* mrb_alloca(mrb_state *mrb, size_t);
+
+MRB_API void mrb_state_atexit(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_atexit_func func);
+
+MRB_API void mrb_show_version(mrb_state *mrb);
+MRB_API void mrb_show_copyright(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_format(mrb_state *mrb, const char *format, ...);
+
+#if 0
+/* memcpy and memset does not work with gdb reverse-next on my box */
+/* use naive memcpy and memset instead */
+#undef memcpy
+#undef memset
+static void*
+mrbmemcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n)
+{
+  char *d = (char*)dst;
+  const char *s = (const char*)src;
+  while (n--)
+    *d++ = *s++;
+  return d;
+}
+#define memcpy(a,b,c) mrbmemcpy(a,b,c)
+
+static void*
+mrbmemset(void *s, int c, size_t n)
+{
+  char *t = (char*)s;
+  while (n--)
+    *t++ = c;
+  return s;
+}
+#define memset(a,b,c) mrbmemset(a,b,c)
+#endif
+
+MRB_END_DECL
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_H */