ruby-wmctrl 0.0.1

data/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+*.gem
+.bundle
+Gemfile.lock
+pkg/*
+*~
+ext/*.so
+ext/*.o
+ext/Makefile
+ext/mkmf.log

data/COPYING

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+     59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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+
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+
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+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
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+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
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+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+
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+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year  name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
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+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
+Public License instead of this License.

data/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+source "http://rubygems.org"
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in ruby-wmctrl.gemspec
+gemspec

data/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"

data/ext/extconf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+require 'mkmf'
+require 'pkg-config'
+
+$CFLAGS << " -Wall"
+
+glib = PKGConfig.package_config("glib-2.0")
+$CFLAGS << " " << glib.cflags
+$libs << " " << glib.libs
+
+dir_config("X11")
+if have_header('X11/Xlib.h') && have_library('X11')
+  create_makefile("wmctrl")
+end

data/ext/wmctrl.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1125 @@
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xatom.h>
+#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
+#include <X11/Xmu/WinUtil.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+
+#include <ruby/encoding.h>
+#define RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW(ptr, size) rb_enc_str_new(ptr, size, rb_utf8_encoding())
+#define RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(ptr) rb_enc_str_new(ptr, strlen(ptr), rb_utf8_encoding())
+
+#define _NET_WM_STATE_REMOVE        0    /* remove/unset property */
+#define _NET_WM_STATE_ADD           1    /* add/set property */
+#define _NET_WM_STATE_TOGGLE        2    /* toggle property  */
+
+#define MAX_PROPERTY_VALUE_LEN 4096
+
+#define p_verbose(...) if (RTEST(ruby_debug)) { \
+    fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); \
+}
+
+#define envir_utf8 TRUE
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_class, key_id, key_title, key_pid, key_geometry,
+  key_class, key_client_machine, key_desktop,
+  key_viewport, key_workarea, key_current, key_showing_desktop, key_name;
+
+static ID id_select, id_active, id_activate, id_close, id_move_resize,
+  id_change_state, id_move_to_desktop, id_move_to_current,
+  id_set_title_long, id_set_title_short, id_set_title_both;
+
+static void rb_wmctrl_free (void **ptr)
+{
+  XCloseDisplay(*ptr);
+  free(ptr);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_alloc(VALUE self)
+{
+  Display **ptr;
+  return Data_Make_Struct(rb_wmctrl_class, Display*, 0, rb_wmctrl_free, ptr);
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+  Display **ptr;
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  if (! (*ptr = XOpenDisplay(NULL))) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eStandardError, "Cannot open display.\n");
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+static int client_msg(Display *disp, Window win, const char *msg,
+		      unsigned long data0, unsigned long data1,
+		      unsigned long data2, unsigned long data3,
+		      unsigned long data4) {
+  XEvent event;
+  long mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask;
+
+  event.xclient.type = ClientMessage;
+  event.xclient.serial = 0;
+  event.xclient.send_event = True;
+  event.xclient.message_type = XInternAtom(disp, msg, False);
+  event.xclient.window = win;
+  event.xclient.format = 32;
+  event.xclient.data.l[0] = data0;
+  event.xclient.data.l[1] = data1;
+  event.xclient.data.l[2] = data2;
+  event.xclient.data.l[3] = data3;
+  event.xclient.data.l[4] = data4;
+
+  if (!XSendEvent(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp), False, mask, &event)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eStandardError, "Cannot send %s event.\n", msg);
+  }
+  XFlush(disp);			/* Maybe, we need XFlush. */
+  return True;
+}
+
+/* Copy from debian package for 64bit support. */
+static gchar *get_property (Display *disp, Window win,
+			    Atom xa_prop_type, const gchar *prop_name, unsigned long *size) {
+  Atom xa_prop_name;
+  Atom xa_ret_type;
+  int ret_format;
+  unsigned long ret_nitems;
+  unsigned long ret_bytes_after;
+  unsigned long tmp_size;
+  unsigned char *ret_prop;
+  gchar *ret;
+
+  xa_prop_name = XInternAtom(disp, prop_name, False);
+
+  /* MAX_PROPERTY_VALUE_LEN / 4 explanation (XGetWindowProperty manpage):
+   *
+   * long_length = Specifies the length in 32-bit multiples of the
+   *               data to be retrieved.
+   *
+   * NOTE:  see
+   * http://mail.gnome.org/archives/wm-spec-list/2003-March/msg00067.html
+   * In particular:
+   *
+   * 	When the X window system was ported to 64-bit architectures, a
+   * rather peculiar design decision was made. 32-bit quantities such
+   * as Window IDs, atoms, etc, were kept as longs in the client side
+   * APIs, even when long was changed to 64 bits.
+   *
+   */
+  if (XGetWindowProperty(disp, win, xa_prop_name, 0, MAX_PROPERTY_VALUE_LEN / 4, False,
+			 xa_prop_type, &xa_ret_type, &ret_format,
+			 &ret_nitems, &ret_bytes_after, &ret_prop) != Success) {
+    p_verbose("Cannot get %s property.\n", prop_name);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  if (xa_ret_type != xa_prop_type) {
+    p_verbose("Invalid type of %s property.\n", prop_name);
+    XFree(ret_prop);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* null terminate the result to make string handling easier */
+  tmp_size = (ret_format / 8) * ret_nitems;
+  /* Correct 64 Architecture implementation of 32 bit data */
+  if(ret_format==32) tmp_size *= sizeof(long)/4;
+  ret = g_malloc(tmp_size + 1);
+  memcpy(ret, ret_prop, tmp_size);
+  ret[tmp_size] = '\0';
+
+  if (size) {
+    *size = tmp_size;
+  }
+
+  XFree(ret_prop);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static Window *get_client_list (Display *disp, unsigned long *size) {
+  Window *client_list;
+
+  if ((client_list = (Window *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+  					    XA_WINDOW, "_NET_CLIENT_LIST", size)) == NULL) {
+    if ((client_list = (Window *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+  					      XA_CARDINAL, "_WIN_CLIENT_LIST", size)) == NULL) {
+      fputs("Cannot get client list properties. \n"
+  	    "(_NET_CLIENT_LIST or _WIN_CLIENT_LIST)"
+  	    "\n", stderr);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return client_list;
+}
+
+static gchar *get_window_class (Display *disp, Window win) {
+  gchar *class_utf8;
+  gchar *wm_class;
+  unsigned long size;
+
+  wm_class = get_property(disp, win, XA_STRING, "WM_CLASS", &size);
+  if (wm_class) {
+    gchar *p_0 = strchr(wm_class, '\0');
+    if (wm_class + size - 1 > p_0) {
+      *(p_0) = '.';
+    }
+    class_utf8 = g_locale_to_utf8(wm_class, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+  }
+  else {
+    class_utf8 = NULL;
+  }
+
+  g_free(wm_class);
+
+  return class_utf8;
+}
+
+static gchar *get_window_title (Display *disp, Window win) {
+  gchar *title_utf8;
+  gchar *wm_name;
+  gchar *net_wm_name;
+
+  wm_name = get_property(disp, win, XA_STRING, "WM_NAME", NULL);
+  net_wm_name = get_property(disp, win,
+			     XInternAtom(disp, "UTF8_STRING", False), "_NET_WM_NAME", NULL);
+
+  if (net_wm_name) {
+    title_utf8 = g_strdup(net_wm_name);
+  }
+  else {
+    if (wm_name) {
+      title_utf8 = g_locale_to_utf8(wm_name, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+    else {
+      title_utf8 = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  g_free(wm_name);
+  g_free(net_wm_name);
+
+  return title_utf8;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_list_windows (VALUE self) {
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  Window *client_list;
+  unsigned long client_list_size;
+  unsigned int i;
+  VALUE window_ary;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+
+  if ((client_list = get_client_list(disp, &client_list_size)) == NULL) {
+    /* return EXIT_FAILURE; */
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+
+  window_ary = rb_ary_new2(client_list_size);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < client_list_size / sizeof(Window); i++) {
+    VALUE window_obj = rb_hash_new();
+    gchar *title_utf8 = get_window_title(disp, client_list[i]); /* UTF8 */
+    gchar *client_machine;
+    gchar *class_out = get_window_class(disp, client_list[i]); /* UTF8 */
+    unsigned long *pid;
+    unsigned long *desktop;
+    int x, y, junkx, junky;
+    unsigned int wwidth, wheight, bw, depth;
+    Window junkroot;
+
+    /* Use strings of hexadecimal number? At the present we use simply integers. */
+    /* printf("0x%.8lx", client_list[i]); */
+    rb_hash_aset(window_obj, key_id, INT2NUM(client_list[i]));
+    rb_hash_aset(window_obj, key_title, (title_utf8 ? RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(title_utf8) : Qnil));
+    rb_hash_aset(window_obj, key_class, (class_out ? RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(class_out) : Qnil));
+
+    /* desktop ID */
+    if ((desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, client_list[i],
+  						 XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_WM_DESKTOP", NULL)) == NULL) {
+      desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, client_list[i], XA_CARDINAL, "_WIN_WORKSPACE", NULL);
+    }
+    /* special desktop ID -1 means "all desktops", so we
+       have to convert the desktop value to signed long */
+    rb_hash_aset(window_obj, key_desktop, INT2NUM(desktop ? (signed long)*desktop : 0));
+
+    /* client machine */
+    client_machine = get_property(disp, client_list[i], XA_STRING, "WM_CLIENT_MACHINE", NULL);
+    rb_hash_aset(window_obj, key_client_machine, (client_machine ? RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(client_machine) : Qnil));
+
+    /* pid */
+    pid = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, client_list[i], XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_WM_PID", NULL);
+    rb_hash_aset(window_obj, key_pid, (pid ? ULONG2NUM(*pid) : Qnil));
+
+    /* geometry */
+    XGetGeometry (disp, client_list[i], &junkroot, &junkx, &junky, &wwidth, &wheight, &bw, &depth);
+    XTranslateCoordinates (disp, client_list[i], junkroot, junkx, junky, &x, &y, &junkroot);
+
+    rb_hash_aset(window_obj, key_geometry,
+		 rb_ary_new3(4, INT2NUM(x), INT2NUM(y), INT2NUM(wwidth), INT2NUM(wheight)));
+
+    rb_ary_push(window_ary, window_obj);
+
+    g_free(title_utf8);
+    g_free(desktop);
+    g_free(client_machine);
+    g_free(class_out);
+    g_free(pid);
+  }
+  g_free(client_list);
+
+  return window_ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_list_desktops (VALUE self) {
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  unsigned long *num_desktops = NULL;
+  unsigned long *cur_desktop = NULL;
+  unsigned long desktop_list_size = 0;
+  unsigned long *desktop_geometry = NULL;
+  unsigned long desktop_geometry_size = 0;
+  unsigned long *desktop_viewport = NULL;
+  unsigned long desktop_viewport_size = 0;
+  unsigned long *desktop_workarea = NULL;
+  unsigned long desktop_workarea_size = 0;
+  gchar *list = NULL;
+  unsigned int i;
+  unsigned int id;
+  Window root;
+  const gchar *error_message = NULL;
+  VALUE ret = Qnil;
+  VALUE *ret_arys;
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+
+  root = DefaultRootWindow(disp);
+
+  if (! (num_desktops = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, root,
+						      XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_NUMBER_OF_DESKTOPS", NULL))) {
+    if (! (num_desktops = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, root,
+							XA_CARDINAL, "_WIN_WORKSPACE_COUNT", NULL))) {
+      error_message = "Cannot get number of desktops properties. (_NET_NUMBER_OF_DESKTOPS or _WIN_WORKSPACE_COUNT)";
+      goto cleanup;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (! (cur_desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, root,
+						     XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP", NULL))) {
+    if (! (cur_desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, root,
+						       XA_CARDINAL, "_WIN_WORKSPACE", NULL))) {
+      error_message = "Cannot get current desktop properties. (_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP or _WIN_WORKSPACE property)";
+      goto cleanup;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ((list = get_property(disp, root, XInternAtom(disp, "UTF8_STRING", False),
+			   "_NET_DESKTOP_NAMES", &desktop_list_size)) == NULL) {
+    /* If charaset is not utf8 then there may be bugs here. */
+    if ((list = get_property(disp, root,
+			     XA_STRING,
+			     "_WIN_WORKSPACE_NAMES", &desktop_list_size)) == NULL) {
+      p_verbose("Cannot get desktop names properties. "
+		"(_NET_DESKTOP_NAMES or _WIN_WORKSPACE_NAMES)"
+		"\n");
+      /* ignore the error - list the desktops without names */
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* common size of all desktops */
+  if (! (desktop_geometry = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+							  XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY", &desktop_geometry_size))) {
+    p_verbose("Cannot get common size of all desktops (_NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY).\n");
+  }
+
+  /* desktop viewport */
+  if (! (desktop_viewport = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+							  XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT", &desktop_viewport_size))) {
+    p_verbose("Cannot get common size of all desktops (_NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT).\n");
+  }
+
+  /* desktop workarea */
+  if (! (desktop_workarea = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+							  XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_WORKAREA", &desktop_workarea_size))) {
+    if (! (desktop_workarea = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+							    XA_CARDINAL, "_WIN_WORKAREA", &desktop_workarea_size))) {
+      p_verbose("Cannot get _NET_WORKAREA property.\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  ret_arys = (VALUE *)g_malloc0(*num_desktops * sizeof(VALUE));
+  for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+    ret_arys[i] = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_id, UINT2NUM(i));
+    if (i == *cur_desktop) {
+      rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_current, Qtrue);
+    } else {
+      rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_current, Qnil);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (list) {
+    id = 0;
+    rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[id], key_title, RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(list));
+    id++;
+    for (i = 0; i < desktop_list_size; i++) {
+      if (list[i] == '\0') {
+	if (id >= *num_desktops) {
+	  break;
+	}
+	rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[id], key_title, RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(list + i + 1));
+	id++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* prepare desktop geometry strings */
+  if (desktop_geometry && desktop_geometry_size > 0) {
+    if (desktop_geometry_size == 2 * sizeof(*desktop_geometry)) {
+      /* only one value - use it for all desktops */
+      p_verbose("WM provides _NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY value common for all desktops.\n");
+      for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+	rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_geometry,
+		     rb_ary_new3(2, INT2NUM(desktop_geometry[0]), INT2NUM(desktop_geometry[1])));
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      /* seperate values for desktops of different size */
+      p_verbose("WM provides separate _NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY value for each desktop.\n");
+      for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+  	if (i < desktop_geometry_size / sizeof(*desktop_geometry) / 2) {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_geometry,
+		       rb_ary_new3(2, INT2NUM(desktop_geometry[i*2]), INT2NUM(desktop_geometry[i*2+1])));
+  	}
+  	else {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_geometry, Qnil);
+  	}
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+      rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_geometry, Qnil);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* prepare desktop viewport strings */
+  if (desktop_viewport && desktop_viewport_size > 0) {
+    if (desktop_viewport_size == 2 * sizeof(*desktop_viewport)) {
+      /* only one value - use it for current desktop */
+      p_verbose("WM provides _NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT value only for the current desktop.\n");
+      for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+  	if (i == *cur_desktop) {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_viewport,
+		       rb_ary_new3(2, INT2NUM(desktop_viewport[0]), INT2NUM(desktop_viewport[1])));
+  	}
+  	else {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_viewport, Qnil);
+  	}
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      /* seperate values for each of desktops */
+      for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+  	if (i < desktop_viewport_size / sizeof(*desktop_viewport) / 2) {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_viewport,
+		       rb_ary_new3(2, INT2NUM(desktop_viewport[i*2]), INT2NUM(desktop_viewport[i*2+1])));
+  	}
+  	else {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_viewport, Qnil);
+  	}
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+      rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_viewport, Qnil);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* prepare desktop workarea strings */
+  if (desktop_workarea && desktop_workarea_size > 0) {
+    if (desktop_workarea_size == 4 * sizeof(*desktop_workarea)) {
+      /* only one value - use it for current desktop */
+      p_verbose("WM provides _NET_WORKAREA value only for the current desktop.\n");
+      for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+  	if (i == *cur_desktop) {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_workarea,
+		       rb_ary_new3(4, INT2NUM(desktop_workarea[0]), INT2NUM(desktop_workarea[1]),
+				   INT2NUM(desktop_workarea[2]), INT2NUM(desktop_workarea[3])));
+  	}
+  	else {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_workarea, Qnil);
+  	}
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      /* seperate values for each of desktops */
+      for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+  	if (i < desktop_workarea_size / sizeof(*desktop_workarea) / 4) {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_workarea,
+		       rb_ary_new3(4, INT2NUM(desktop_workarea[i*4]), INT2NUM(desktop_workarea[i*4+1]),
+				   INT2NUM(desktop_workarea[i*4+2]), INT2NUM(desktop_workarea[i*4+3])));
+  	}
+  	else {
+	  rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_workarea, Qnil);
+  	}
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    for (i = 0; i < *num_desktops; i++) {
+      rb_hash_aset(ret_arys[i], key_workarea, Qnil);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ret = rb_ary_new4(*num_desktops, ret_arys);
+
+  p_verbose("Total number of desktops: %lu\n", *num_desktops);
+  p_verbose("Current desktop ID (counted from zero): %lu\n", *cur_desktop);
+  goto cleanup;
+
+ cleanup:
+  g_free(num_desktops);
+  g_free(cur_desktop);
+  g_free(desktop_geometry);
+  g_free(desktop_viewport);
+  g_free(desktop_workarea);
+  g_free(list);
+  if (error_message) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eStandardError, "%s", error_message);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_switch_desktop (VALUE self, VALUE desktop_id) {
+  int target;
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+
+  target = FIX2INT(desktop_id);
+  if (target < 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eStandardError, "Invalid desktop ID: %d", target);
+  }
+  client_msg(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp), "_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP", (unsigned long)target, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_info (VALUE self) {
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  Window *sup_window = NULL;
+  gchar *wm_name = NULL;
+  gchar *wm_class = NULL;
+  unsigned long *wm_pid = NULL;
+  unsigned long *showing_desktop = NULL;
+  gboolean name_is_utf8 = TRUE;
+  VALUE ret = rb_hash_new();
+
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+
+  if (! (sup_window = (Window *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+					     XA_WINDOW, "_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK", NULL))) {
+    if (! (sup_window = (Window *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+					       XA_CARDINAL, "_WIN_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK", NULL))) {
+      fputs("Cannot get window manager info properties.\n"
+	    "(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK or _WIN_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK)\n", stderr);
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* WM_NAME */
+  if (! (wm_name = get_property(disp, *sup_window,
+				XInternAtom(disp, "UTF8_STRING", False), "_NET_WM_NAME", NULL))) {
+    name_is_utf8 = FALSE;
+    if (! (wm_name = get_property(disp, *sup_window,
+				  XA_STRING, "_NET_WM_NAME", NULL))) {
+      p_verbose("Cannot get name of the window manager (_NET_WM_NAME).\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* WM_CLASS */
+  if (! (wm_class = get_property(disp, *sup_window,
+				 XInternAtom(disp, "UTF8_STRING", False), "WM_CLASS", NULL))) {
+    name_is_utf8 = FALSE;
+    if (! (wm_class = get_property(disp, *sup_window,
+				   XA_STRING, "WM_CLASS", NULL))) {
+      p_verbose("Cannot get class of the window manager (WM_CLASS).\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* WM_PID */
+  if (! (wm_pid = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, *sup_window,
+						XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_WM_PID", NULL))) {
+    p_verbose("Cannot get pid of the window manager (_NET_WM_PID).\n");
+  }
+
+  /* _NET_SHOWING_DESKTOP */
+  if (! (showing_desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+							 XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_SHOWING_DESKTOP", NULL))) {
+    p_verbose("Cannot get the _NET_SHOWING_DESKTOP property.\n");
+  }
+
+  rb_hash_aset(ret, key_name, (wm_name ? RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(wm_name) : Qnil));
+  rb_hash_aset(ret, key_class, (wm_class ? RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(wm_class) : Qnil));
+  rb_hash_aset(ret, key_pid, (wm_pid ? UINT2NUM(*wm_pid) : Qnil));
+  rb_hash_aset(ret, key_showing_desktop,
+	       (showing_desktop ? RB_UTF8_STRING_NEW2(*showing_desktop == 1 ? "ON" : "OFF") : Qnil));
+
+  g_free(sup_window);
+  g_free(wm_name);
+  g_free(wm_class);
+  g_free(wm_pid);
+  g_free(showing_desktop);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_showing_desktop (VALUE self, VALUE state) {
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+  client_msg(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp), "_NET_SHOWING_DESKTOP", RTEST(state), 0, 0, 0, 0);
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_change_viewport (VALUE self, VALUE xnum, VALUE ynum) {
+  long x, y;
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+  x = NUM2LONG(xnum);
+  y = NUM2LONG(ynum);
+  if (x < 0 || y < 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Arguments must be nonnegative integers.");
+  }
+  client_msg(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp), "_NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT", x, y, 0, 0, 0);
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_change_geometry (VALUE self, VALUE xnum, VALUE ynum) {
+  long x, y;
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+  x = NUM2LONG(xnum);
+  y = NUM2LONG(ynum);
+  if (x < 0 || y < 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Arguments must be nonnegative integers.");
+  }
+  client_msg(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp), "_NET_DESKTOP_GEOMETRY", x, y, 0, 0, 0);
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_change_number_of_desktops (VALUE self, VALUE num) {
+  long n;
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+  n = NUM2LONG(num);
+  if (n < 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "An argument must be a nonnegative integer.");
+  }
+  client_msg(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp), "_NET_NUMBER_OF_DESKTOPS", n, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static int activate_window (Display *disp, Window win, gboolean switch_desktop) {
+  unsigned long *desktop;
+
+  /* desktop ID */
+  if ((desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, win,
+					       XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_WM_DESKTOP", NULL)) == NULL) {
+    if ((desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, win,
+						 XA_CARDINAL, "_WIN_WORKSPACE", NULL)) == NULL) {
+      p_verbose("Cannot find desktop ID of the window.\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (switch_desktop && desktop) {
+    if (client_msg(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+		   "_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP",
+		   *desktop, 0, 0, 0, 0) != EXIT_SUCCESS) {
+      p_verbose("Cannot switch desktop.\n");
+    }
+    g_free(desktop);
+  }
+
+  client_msg(disp, win, "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+  XMapRaised(disp, win);
+
+  return True;
+}
+
+static int close_window (Display *disp, Window win) {
+  return client_msg(disp, win, "_NET_CLOSE_WINDOW", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static gboolean wm_supports (Display *disp, const gchar *prop) {
+  Atom xa_prop = XInternAtom(disp, prop, False);
+  Atom *list;
+  unsigned long size;
+  unsigned int i;
+
+  if (! (list = (Atom *)get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp),
+				     XA_ATOM, "_NET_SUPPORTED", &size))) {
+    p_verbose("Cannot get _NET_SUPPORTED property.\n");
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof(Atom); i++) {
+    if (list[i] == xa_prop) {
+      g_free(list);
+      return TRUE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  g_free(list);
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+static int window_move_resize (Display *disp, Window win, signed long grav,
+			       signed long x, signed long y, signed long w, signed long h) {
+  unsigned long grflags;
+  grflags = grav;
+  if (x != -1) grflags |= (1 << 8);
+  if (y != -1) grflags |= (1 << 9);
+  if (w != -1) grflags |= (1 << 10);
+  if (h != -1) grflags |= (1 << 11);
+
+  p_verbose("grflags: %lu\n", grflags);
+
+  if (wm_supports(disp, "_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW")){
+    return client_msg(disp, win, "_NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW",
+		      grflags, (unsigned long)x, (unsigned long)y, (unsigned long)w, (unsigned long)h);
+  }
+  else {
+    p_verbose("WM doesn't support _NET_MOVERESIZE_WINDOW. Gravity will be ignored.\n");
+    if ((w < 1 || h < 1) && (x >= 0 && y >= 0)) {
+      XMoveWindow(disp, win, x, y);
+    }
+    else if ((x < 0 || y < 0) && (w >= 1 && h >= -1)) {
+      XResizeWindow(disp, win, w, h);
+    }
+    else if (x >= 0 && y >= 0 && w >= 1 && h >= 1) {
+      XMoveResizeWindow(disp, win, x, y, w, h);
+    }
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+  }
+}
+
+static int window_state (Display *disp, Window win,
+			 const char *action_str, const char *prop1_str, const char *prop2_str) {
+  unsigned long action;
+  Atom prop1 = 0;
+  Atom prop2 = 0;
+  gchar *tmp_prop1, *tmp1;
+
+  /* action */
+  if (strcmp(action_str, "remove") == 0) {
+    action = _NET_WM_STATE_REMOVE;
+  }
+  else if (strcmp(action_str, "add") == 0) {
+    action = _NET_WM_STATE_ADD;
+  }
+  else if (strcmp(action_str, "toggle") == 0) {
+    action = _NET_WM_STATE_TOGGLE;
+  }
+  else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid action. Use either remove, add or toggle.");
+  }
+
+  tmp_prop1 = g_strdup_printf("_NET_WM_STATE_%s",  tmp1 = g_ascii_strup(prop1_str, -1));
+  p_verbose("State 1: %s\n", tmp_prop1);
+  prop1 = XInternAtom(disp, tmp_prop1, False);
+  g_free(tmp1);
+  g_free(tmp_prop1);
+
+  /* the second property */
+  if (prop2_str) {
+    gchar *tmp_prop2, *tmp2;
+    tmp_prop2 = g_strdup_printf("_NET_WM_STATE_%s", tmp2 = g_ascii_strup(prop2_str, -1));
+    p_verbose("State 2: %s\n", tmp_prop2);
+    prop2 = XInternAtom(disp, tmp_prop2, False);
+    g_free(tmp2);
+    g_free(tmp_prop2);
+  }
+  return client_msg(disp, win, "_NET_WM_STATE", action, (unsigned long)prop1, (unsigned long)prop2, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static int window_to_desktop (Display *disp, Window win, int desktop) {
+  unsigned long *cur_desktop = NULL;
+  Window root = DefaultRootWindow(disp);
+
+  if (desktop == -1) {
+    if (! (cur_desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, root,
+						       XA_CARDINAL, "_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP", NULL))) {
+      if (! (cur_desktop = (unsigned long *)get_property(disp, root,
+							 XA_CARDINAL, "_WIN_WORKSPACE", NULL))) {
+	fputs("Cannot get current desktop properties. "
+	      "(_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP or _WIN_WORKSPACE property)"
+	      "\n", stderr);
+	return EXIT_FAILURE;
+      }
+    }
+    desktop = *cur_desktop;
+  }
+  g_free(cur_desktop);
+
+  return client_msg(disp, win, "_NET_WM_DESKTOP", (unsigned long)desktop, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static void window_set_title (Display *disp, Window win, char *title, char mode) {
+  gchar *title_utf8;
+  gchar *title_local;
+
+  if (envir_utf8) {
+    title_utf8 = g_strdup(title);
+    title_local = NULL;
+  }
+  else {
+    if (! (title_utf8 = g_locale_to_utf8(title, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL))) {
+      title_utf8 = g_strdup(title);
+    }
+    title_local = g_strdup(title);
+  }
+
+  if (mode == 'T' || mode == 'N') {
+    /* set name */
+    if (title_local) {
+      XChangeProperty(disp, win, XA_WM_NAME, XA_STRING, 8, PropModeReplace,
+		      (const unsigned char *)title_local, strlen(title_local));
+    }
+    else {
+      XDeleteProperty(disp, win, XA_WM_NAME);
+    }
+    XChangeProperty(disp, win, XInternAtom(disp, "_NET_WM_NAME", False),
+		    XInternAtom(disp, "UTF8_STRING", False), 8, PropModeReplace,
+		    (const unsigned char *)title_utf8, strlen(title_utf8));
+  }
+
+  if (mode == 'T' || mode == 'I') {
+    /* set icon name */
+    if (title_local) {
+      XChangeProperty(disp, win, XA_WM_ICON_NAME, XA_STRING, 8, PropModeReplace,
+		      (const unsigned char *)title_local, strlen(title_local));
+    }
+    else {
+      XDeleteProperty(disp, win, XA_WM_ICON_NAME);
+    }
+    XChangeProperty(disp, win, XInternAtom(disp, "_NET_WM_ICON_NAME", False),
+		    XInternAtom(disp, "UTF8_STRING", False), 8, PropModeReplace,
+		    (const unsigned char *)title_utf8, strlen(title_utf8));
+  }
+
+  g_free(title_utf8);
+  g_free(title_local);
+}
+
+static int action_window (Display *disp, Window win, char mode, int argc, VALUE *argv) {
+  p_verbose("Using window: 0x%.8lx\n", win);
+  switch (mode) {
+  case 'a':
+    if (argc == 0) {
+      return activate_window(disp, win, TRUE);
+    }
+  case 'c':
+    if (argc == 0) {
+      return close_window(disp, win);
+    }
+  case 'e':
+    /* resize/move the window around the desktop => -r -e */
+    if (argc == 5) {
+      int grav, x, y, w, h;
+      grav = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
+      x = FIX2INT(argv[1]);
+      y = FIX2INT(argv[2]);
+      w = FIX2INT(argv[3]);
+      h = FIX2INT(argv[4]);
+      if (grav >= 0) {
+	return window_move_resize(disp, win, grav, x, y, w, h);
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  case 'b':
+    /* change state of a window => -r -b */
+    if (argc == 2 || argc == 3) {
+      const char *action, *prop1, *prop2;
+      action = StringValuePtr(argv[0]);
+      prop1 = StringValuePtr(argv[1]);
+      if (argc == 3) {
+	prop2 = StringValuePtr(argv[2]);	
+      } else {
+	prop2 = NULL;
+      }
+      return window_state(disp, win, action, prop1, prop2);
+    }
+  case 't':
+    /* move the window to the specified desktop => -r -t */
+    if (argc == 1) {
+      return window_to_desktop(disp, win, FIX2INT(argv[0]));
+    }
+  case 'R':
+    /* move the window to the current desktop and activate it => -r */
+    if (argc == 0) {
+      if (window_to_desktop(disp, win, -1)) {
+	usleep(100000); /* 100 ms - make sure the WM has enough
+			   time to move the window, before we activate it */
+	return activate_window(disp, win, FALSE);
+      }
+      else {
+	return False;
+      }
+    }
+  case 'N': case 'I': case 'T':
+    if (argc == 1) {
+      window_set_title(disp, win, StringValuePtr(argv[0]), mode);
+      return True;
+    }
+  }
+  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid argument of action_window.");
+}
+
+static Window Select_Window(Display *dpy) {
+  /*
+   * Routine to let user select a window using the mouse
+   * Taken from xfree86.
+   */
+
+  int status;
+  Cursor cursor;
+  XEvent event;
+  Window target_win = None, root = DefaultRootWindow(dpy);
+  int buttons = 0;
+  int dummyi;
+  unsigned int dummy;
+
+  /* Make the target cursor */
+  cursor = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_crosshair);
+
+  /* Grab the pointer using target cursor, letting it room all over */
+  status = XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False,
+			ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask, GrabModeSync,
+			GrabModeAsync, root, cursor, CurrentTime);
+  if (status != GrabSuccess) {
+    fputs("ERROR: Cannot grab mouse.\n", stderr);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* Let the user select a window... */
+  while ((target_win == None) || (buttons != 0)) {
+    /* allow one more event */
+    XAllowEvents(dpy, SyncPointer, CurrentTime);
+    XWindowEvent(dpy, root, ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask, &event);
+    switch (event.type) {
+    case ButtonPress:
+      if (target_win == None) {
+	target_win = event.xbutton.subwindow; /* window selected */
+	if (target_win == None) target_win = root;
+      }
+      buttons++;
+      break;
+    case ButtonRelease:
+      if (buttons > 0) /* there may have been some down before we started */
+	buttons--;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);      /* Done with pointer */
+
+  if (XGetGeometry (dpy, target_win, &root, &dummyi, &dummyi,
+		    &dummy, &dummy, &dummy, &dummy) && target_win != root) {
+    target_win = XmuClientWindow (dpy, target_win);
+  }
+
+  return(target_win);
+}
+
+static Window get_active_window(Display *disp) {
+  char *prop;
+  unsigned long size;
+  Window ret = (Window)0;
+
+  prop = get_property(disp, DefaultRootWindow(disp), XA_WINDOW, "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", &size);
+  if (prop) {
+    ret = *((Window*)prop);
+    g_free(prop);
+  }
+
+  return(ret);
+}
+
+static Window get_target_window (Display *disp, VALUE obj) {
+  Window wid = 0;
+  switch (TYPE(obj)) {
+  case T_FIXNUM:
+    wid = (Window) NUM2LONG(obj);
+    break;
+  /* case T_STRING: */
+  /*   break; */
+  case T_SYMBOL:
+    {
+      ID sym_id = SYM2ID(obj);
+      if (sym_id == id_select) {
+	wid = Select_Window(disp);
+      } else if (sym_id == id_active) {
+	wid = get_active_window(disp);
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  if (wid == 0) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid target window object. It must be an integer or :active, :select");
+  }
+  return wid;
+}
+
+/* static int action_window_str (Display *disp) { */
+/*   Window activate = 0; */
+/*   Window *client_list; */
+/*   unsigned long client_list_size; */
+/*   int i; */
+
+/*   if ((client_list = get_client_list(disp, &client_list_size)) != NULL) { */
+/*     for (i = 0; i < client_list_size / sizeof(Window); i++) { */
+/*       gchar *match_utf8; */
+/*       if (options.show_class) { */
+/* 	match_utf8 = get_window_class(disp, client_list[i]); /\* UTF8 *\/ */
+/*       } */
+/*       else { */
+/* 	match_utf8 = get_window_title(disp, client_list[i]); /\* UTF8 *\/ */
+/*       } */
+/*       if (match_utf8) { */
+/* 	gchar *match; */
+/* 	gchar *match_cf; */
+/* 	gchar *match_utf8_cf = NULL; */
+/* 	if (envir_utf8) { */
+/* 	  match = g_strdup(options.param_window); */
+/* 	  match_cf = g_utf8_casefold(options.param_window, -1); */
+/* 	} */
+/* 	else { */
+/* 	  if (! (match = g_locale_to_utf8(options.param_window, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL))) { */
+/* 	    match = g_strdup(options.param_window); */
+/* 	  } */
+/* 	  match_cf = g_utf8_casefold(match, -1); */
+/* 	} */
+
+/* 	if (!match || !match_cf) { */
+/* 	  continue; */
+/* 	} */
+
+/* 	match_utf8_cf = g_utf8_casefold(match_utf8, -1); */
+
+/* 	if ((options.full_window_title_match && strcmp(match_utf8, match) == 0) || */
+/* 	    (!options.full_window_title_match && strstr(match_utf8_cf, match_cf))) { */
+/* 	  activate = client_list[i]; */
+/* 	  g_free(match); */
+/* 	  g_free(match_cf); */
+/* 	  g_free(match_utf8); */
+/* 	  g_free(match_utf8_cf); */
+/* 	  break; */
+/* 	} */
+/* 	g_free(match); */
+/* 	g_free(match_cf); */
+/* 	g_free(match_utf8); */
+/* 	g_free(match_utf8_cf); */
+/*       } */
+/*       g_free(client_list); */
+/*       if (activate) { */
+/* 	break; */
+/*       } */
+/*     } */
+/*   } */
+/*   return activate; */
+/* } */
+
+static VALUE rb_wmctrl_action_window(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+  Window wid;
+  int mode;
+  ID sym_id;
+  Display **ptr, *disp;
+  Data_Get_Struct(self, Display*, ptr);
+  disp = *ptr;
+  if (argc < 2) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Need more than one argument.");
+  }
+  wid = get_target_window(disp, argv[0]);
+  sym_id = SYM2ID(argv[1]);
+  if (sym_id == id_activate) {
+    mode = 'a';
+  } else if (sym_id == id_close) {
+    mode = 'c';
+  } else if (sym_id == id_move_resize) {
+    mode = 'e';
+  } else if (sym_id == id_change_state) {
+    mode = 'b';
+  } else if (sym_id == id_move_to_desktop) {
+    mode = 't';
+  } else if (sym_id == id_move_to_current) {
+    mode = 'R';
+  } else if (sym_id == id_set_title_long) {
+    mode = 'N';
+  } else if (sym_id == id_set_title_short) {
+    mode = 'I';
+  } else if (sym_id == id_set_title_both) {
+    mode = 'T';
+  } else {
+    rb_raise(rb_eStandardError, "Invalid argument of action_window.");
+  }
+  if (action_window(disp, wid, mode, argc - 2, (argv + 2))) {
+    return Qtrue;
+  } else {
+    return Qfalse;
+  }
+}
+
+void Init_wmctrl()
+{
+  rb_wmctrl_class = rb_define_class("WMCtrl", rb_cObject);
+
+  rb_define_alloc_func(rb_wmctrl_class, rb_wmctrl_alloc);
+  rb_define_private_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "initialize", rb_wmctrl_initialize, -1);
+
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "list_windows", rb_wmctrl_list_windows, 0);
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "list_desktops", rb_wmctrl_list_desktops, 0);
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "switch_desktop", rb_wmctrl_switch_desktop, 1);
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "info", rb_wmctrl_info, 0);
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "showing_desktop", rb_wmctrl_showing_desktop, 1);
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "change_viewport", rb_wmctrl_change_viewport, 0);
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "change_geometry", rb_wmctrl_change_geometry, 0);
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "change_number_of_desktops", rb_wmctrl_change_number_of_desktops, 1);
+  rb_define_method(rb_wmctrl_class, "action_window", rb_wmctrl_action_window, -1);
+
+  key_id = ID2SYM(rb_intern("id"));
+  key_title = ID2SYM(rb_intern("title"));
+  key_pid = ID2SYM(rb_intern("pid"));
+  key_geometry = ID2SYM(rb_intern("geometory"));
+  key_class = ID2SYM(rb_intern("class"));
+  key_client_machine = ID2SYM(rb_intern("client_machine"));
+  key_desktop = ID2SYM(rb_intern("desktop"));
+  key_viewport = ID2SYM(rb_intern("viewport"));
+  key_workarea = ID2SYM(rb_intern("workarea"));
+  key_current = ID2SYM(rb_intern("current"));
+  key_showing_desktop = ID2SYM(rb_intern("showing_desktop"));
+  key_name = ID2SYM(rb_intern("name"));
+
+  id_active = rb_intern("active");
+  id_select = rb_intern("select");
+  id_activate = rb_intern("activate");
+  id_close = rb_intern("close");
+  id_move_resize = rb_intern("move_resize");
+  id_change_state = rb_intern("change_state");
+  id_move_to_desktop = rb_intern("move_to_desktop");
+  id_move_to_current = rb_intern("move_to_current");
+  id_set_title_long = rb_intern("set_title_long");
+  id_set_title_short = rb_intern("set_title_short");
+  id_set_title_both = rb_intern("set_title_both");
+}