ruby-units 0.1.0

data/lib/units.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+
+
+class Unit < Numeric
+UNIT_DEFINITIONS = { 
+  # prefixes
+  '<googol>' => [%w{googol}, 1e100, :prefix],
+  '<kibi>'  =>  [%w{Ki Kibi kibi}, 2**10, :prefix],
+  '<mebi>'  =>  [%w{Mi Mebi mebi}, 2**20, :prefix],
+  '<gibi>'  =>  [%w{Gi Gibi gibi}, 2**30, :prefix],
+  '<tebi>'  =>  [%w{Ti Tebi tebi}, 2**40, :prefix],
+  '<pebi>'  =>  [%w{Pi Pebi pebi}, 2**50, :prefix],
+  '<exi>'   =>  [%w{Ei Exi exi}, 2**60, :prefix],
+  '<zebi>'  =>  [%w{Zi Zebi zebi}, 2**70, :prefix],
+  '<yebi>'  =>  [%w{Yi Yebi yebi}, 2**80, :prefix],
+  '<yotta>' =>  [%w{Y Yotta yotta}, 1e24, :prefix],
+  '<zetta>' =>  [%w{Z Zetta zetta}, 1e21, :prefix],
+  '<exa>'   =>  [%w{E Exa exa}, 1e18, :prefix],
+  '<peta>'  =>  [%w{P Peta peta}, 1e15, :prefix],
+  '<tera>'  =>  [%w{T Tera tera}, 1e12, :prefix],
+  '<giga>'  =>  [%w{G Giga giga}, 1e9, :prefix],
+  '<mega>'  =>  [%w{M Mega mega}, 1e6, :prefix],
+  '<kilo>'  =>  [%w{k kilo}, 1e3, :prefix],
+  '<hecto>' =>  [%w{h Hecto hecto}, 1e2, :prefix],
+  '<deca>'  =>  [%w{da Deca deca deka}, 1e1, :prefix],
+  '<deci>'  =>  [%w{d Deci deci}, 1e-1, :prefix],
+  '<centi>'  => [%w{c Centi centi}, 1e-2, :prefix],
+  '<milli>' =>  [%w{m Milli milli}, 1e-3, :prefix],
+  '<micro>'  => [%w{u Micro micro}, 1e-6, :prefix],
+  '<nano>'  =>  [%w{n Nano nano}, 1e-9, :prefix],
+  '<pico>'  =>  [%w{p Pico pico}, 1e-12, :prefix],
+  '<femto>' =>  [%w{f Femto femto}, 1e-15, :prefix],
+  '<atto>'  =>  [%w{a Atto atto}, 1e-18, :prefix],
+  '<zepto>' =>  [%w{z Zepto zepto}, 1e-21, :prefix],
+  '<yocto>' =>  [%w{y Yocto yocto}, 1e-24, :prefix],
+  '<1>'     =>  [%w{1},1,:prefix],
+
+  # length units
+  '<meter>' =>  [%w{m meter meters metre metres}, 1.0, :length, %w{<meter>} ],
+  '<inch>'  =>  [%w{in inch inches "}, 0.0254, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<foot>'  =>  [%w{ft foot feet '}, 0.3048, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<yard>'  =>  [%w{yd yard yards}, 0.9144, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<mile>'  =>  [%w{mi mile miles "}, 1609.344, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<naut-mile>' => [%w{nmi}, 1852, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<league>'=>  [%w{league leagues}, 4828, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<furlong>'=> [%w{furlong furlongs}, 201.2, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<rod>'   =>  [%w{rd rod rods}, 5.029, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<mil>'   =>  [%w{mil mils}, 0.0000254, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<angstrom>'  =>[%w{ang angstrom angstroms}, 1e-10, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<fathom>' => [%w{fathom fathoms}, 1.829, :length, %w{<meter>}],  
+  '<pica>'  => [%w{pica picas}, 0.004217, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<point>' => [%w{pt point points}, 0.0003514, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<redshift>' => [%w{z red-shift}, 1.302773e26, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<AU>'    => [%w{AU astronomical-unit}, 149597900000, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<light-second>'=>[%w{ls light-second}, 299792500, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<light-minute>'=>[%w{lmin light-minute}, 17987550000, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<light-year>' => [%w{ly light-year}, 9460528000000000, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+  '<parsec>'  => [%w{pc parsec parsecs}, 30856780000000000, :length, %w{<meter>}],
+
+  #mass
+  '<kilogram>' => [%w{kg kilogram kilograms}, 1.0, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<AMU>' => [%w{u AMU amu}, 6.0221415e26, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<dalton>' => [%w{Da Dalton Daltons dalton daltons}, 6.0221415e26, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<slug>' => [%w{slug slugs}, 14.5939029, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<short-ton>' => [%w{t ton}, 907.18474, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<metric-ton>'=>[%w{tonne}, 1000, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<carat>' => [%w{ct carat carats}, 0.0002, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<pound-mass>' => [%w{lbs lb pound pounds #}, 0.45359237, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<ounce>' => [%w{oz ounce ounces}, 0.0283495231, :mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+  '<gram>'    =>  [%w{g gram grams gramme grammes},1e-3,:mass, %w{<kilogram>}],
+
+  #area
+  '<hectare>'=>[%w{hectare}, 10000, :area, %w{<meter> <meter>}],
+  '<acre>'=>[%w(acre acres), 4046.85642, :area, %w{<meter> <meter>}],
+
+  #volume
+  '<liter>' => [%w{l L liter liters litre litres}, 0.001, :volume, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+  '<gallon>'=>  [%w{gal gallon gallons}, 0.0037854118, :volume, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+  '<quart>'=>  [%w{qt quart quarts}, 0.00094635295, :volume, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+  '<pint>'=>  [%w{pt pint pints}, 0.000473176475, :volume, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+  '<cup>'=>  [%w{cu cup cups}, 0.000236588238, :volume, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+  '<fluid-ounce>'=>  [%w{floz fluid-ounce}, 2.95735297e-5, :volume, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+  '<tablespoon>'=>  [%w{tbs tablespoon tablespoons}, 1.47867648e-5, :volume, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+  '<teaspoon>'=>  [%w{tsp teaspoon teaspoons}, 4.92892161e-6, :volume, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+
+  #speed
+  '<kph>' => [%w{kph}, 0.277777778, :speed, %w{<meter>}, %w{<second>}],
+  '<mph>' => [%w{mph}, 0.44704, :speed, %w{<meter>}, %w{<second>}],
+  '<knot>' => [%w{kn knot knots}, 0.514444444, :speed, %w{<meter>}, %w{<second>}],
+  '<fps>'  => [%w{fps}, 0.3048, :speed, %w{<meter>}, %w{<second>}],
+
+  #temperature
+  '<kelvin>' => [%w{degK kelvin Kelvin}, 1.0, :temperature, %w{<celcius>}],
+  '<celcius>' => [%w{degC celcius Celcius}, 1.0, :temperature, %w{<celcius>}],
+  '<farenheit>' => [%w{degF farenheit Farenheit}, 1.8, :temperature, %w{<celcius>}],
+  '<rankine>' => [%w{degR rankine Rankine}, 1.8, :temperature, %w{<celcius>}],
+
+  #time
+  '<second>'=>  [%w{s sec second seconds}, 1.0, :time, %w{<second>}],
+  '<minute>'=>  [%w{min minute minutes}, 60.0, :time, %w{<second>}],  
+  '<hour>'=>  [%w{h hour hours}, 3600.0, :time, %w{<second>}],  
+  '<day>'=>  [%w{d day days}, 3600*24, :time, %w{<second>}],
+  '<week>'=>  [%w{wk week weeks}, 7*3600*24, :time, %w{<second>}],
+  '<fortnight>'=> [%w{fortnight}, 1209600, :time, %W{<second>}],
+  '<year>'=>  [%w{y yr year years annum}, 31556926, :time, %w{<second>}],
+  '<decade>'=>[%w{decade decades}, 315569260, :time, %w{<second>}],
+  '<century>'=>[%w{century centuries}, 3155692600, :time, %w{<second>}],
+
+  #pressure
+  '<pascal>' => [%w{Pa pascal Pascal}, 1.0, :pressure, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second> <second>}],
+  '<bar>' => [%w{bar bars}, 100000, :pressure, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second> <second>}],
+  '<mmHg>' => [%w{mmHg}, 133.322368,:pressure, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second> <second>}],
+  '<torr>' => [%w{Torr}, 133.322368,:pressure, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second> <second>}],
+  '<bar>' => [%w{bar}, 100000,:pressure, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second> <second>}],
+  '<atm>' => [%w{atm atmosphere atmospheres}, 101325,:pressure, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second> <second>}],
+  '<psi>' => [%w{psi}, 6894.76,:pressure, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second> <second>}],
+  '<cmh2o>' => [%w{cmH2O}, 98.0638,:pressure, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second> <second>}],
+
+  #viscosity
+  '<poise>'  => [%w{P poise}, 0.1, :viscosity, %w{<kilogram>},%w{<meter> <second>} ],
+  '<stokes>' => [%w{St stokes}, 1e-4, :viscosity, %w{<meter> <meter>}, %w{<second>}],
+
+  #substance
+  '<mole>'  =>  [%w{mol mole}, 1.0, :substance, %w{<mole>}],
+
+  #concentration
+  '<molar>' => [%w{M molar}, 1000, :concentration, %w{<mole>}, %w{<meter> <meter> <meter>}],
+
+  #activity
+  '<katal>' =>  [%w{kat katal Katal}, 1.0, :activity, %w{<mole>}, %w{<second>}],
+  '<unit>'  =>  [%w{U enzUnit}, 16.667e-16, :activity, %w{<mole>}, %w{<second>}],
+
+  #capacitance
+  '<farad>' =>  [%w{F farad Farad}, 1.0, :capacitance, %w{<farad>}],
+
+  #charge
+  '<coulomb>' =>  [%w{C coulomb Coulomb}, 1.0, :charge, %w{<ampere> <second>}],
+
+  #current
+  '<ampere>'  =>  [%w{A Ampere ampere amp amps}, 1.0, :current, %w{<ampere>}],
+
+  #conductance
+  '<siemens>' => [%w{S Siemens siemens}, 1.0, :resistance, %w{<second> <second> <second> <ampere> <ampere>}, %w{<kilogram> <meter> <meter>}],
+
+  #inductance
+  '<henry>' =>  [%w{H Henry henry}, 1.0, :inductance, %w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second> <ampere> <ampere>}],
+
+  #potential
+  '<volt>'  =>  [%w{V Volt volt volts}, 1.0, :potential, %w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second> <second> <ampere>}],
+
+  #resistance
+  '<ohm>' =>  [%w{Ohm ohm}, 1.0, :resistance, %w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>},%w{<second> <second> <second> <ampere> <ampere>}],
+
+  #magnetism
+  '<weber>' => [%w{Wb weber webers}, 1.0, :magnetism, %w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second> <ampere>}],
+  '<tesla>'  => [%w{T tesla teslas}, 1.0, :magnetism, %w{<kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second> <ampere>}],
+  '<gauss>' => [%w{G gauss}, 1e-4, :magnetism,  %w{<kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second> <ampere>}],
+  '<maxwell>' => [%w{Mx maxwell maxwells}, 1e-8, :magnetism, %w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second> <ampere>}],
+  '<oersted>'  => [%w{Oe oersted oersteds}, 250.0/Math::PI, :magnetism, %w{<ampere>}, %w{<meter>}],
+
+  #energy
+  '<joule>' =>  [%w{J joule Joule joules}, 1.0, :energy, %w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+  '<erg>'   =>  [%w{erg ergs}, 1e-7, :energy, %w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+  '<btu>'   =>  [%w{BTU btu BTUs}, 1055.056, :energy, %w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+  '<calorie>' =>  [%w{cal calorie calories}, 4.18400, :energy,%w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+  '<Calorie>' =>  [%w{Cal Calorie Calories}, 4184.00, :energy,%w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+  '<therm-US>' => [%w{th therm therms Therm}, 105480400, :energy,%w{<meter> <meter> <kilogram>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+
+  #force
+  '<newton>'  => [%w{N Newton newton}, 1.0, :force, %w{<kilogram> <meter>}, %w{<second>}],
+  '<dyne>'  => [%w{dyn dyne}, 1e-5, :force, %w{<kilogram> <meter>}, %w{<second>}],
+  '<pound-force>'  => [%w{lbf pound-force}, 4.448222, :force, %w{<kilogram> <meter>}, %w{<second>}],
+
+  #frequency
+  '<hertz>' => [%w{Hz hertz Hertz}, 1.0, :frequency, %w{<1>}, %{<second>}],
+
+  #angle
+  '<radian>' =>[%w{rad radian radians}, 1.0, :angle, %w{<radian>}],
+  '<degree>' =>[%w{deg degree degrees}, Math::PI / 180.0, :angle, %w{<radian>}],
+  '<grad>'   =>[%w{grad gradian grads}, Math::PI / 200.0, :angle, %w{<radian>}],
+  '<steradian>'  => [%w{sr steradian steradians}, 1.0, :solid_angle, %w{<steradian>}],
+
+  #rotation
+  '<rotation>' => [%w{rotation}, 2.0*Math::PI, :rotation, %w{<radian>}],
+  '<rpm>'   =>[%w{rpm}, 2.0*Math::PI / 60.0, :rotation, %w{<radian>}, %w{<second>}],
+
+  #memory
+  '<byte>'  =>[%w{B byte}, 1.0, :memory, %w{<byte>}],
+  '<bit>'  =>[%w{b bit}, 0.125, :memory, %w{<byte>}],
+
+  #money
+  '<dollar>'=>[['$','dollar','USD'], 1.0, :currency, %w{<dollar>}],
+  '<cents>' =>[%w{cents}, 0.01, :currency, %w{<dollar>}],
+
+  #luminosity
+  '<candela>' => [%w{cd candela}, 1.0, :luminosity, %w{<candela>}],
+  '<lumen>' => [%w{lm lumen}, 1.0, :luminous_power, %w{<candela> <steradian>}],
+  '<lux>' =>[%w{lux}, 1.0, :illuminance, %w{<candela> <steradian>}, %w{<meter> <meter>}],
+
+  #power
+  '<watt>'  => [%w{W watt watts}, 1.0, :power, %w{<kilogram> <meter> <meter>}, %w{<second> <second> <second>}],
+  '<horsepower>'  =>  [%w{hp horsepower}, 745.699872, :power, %w{<kilogram> <meter> <meter>}, %w{<second> <second> <second>}],
+
+  #radition
+  '<gray>' => [%w{Gy gray grays}, 1.0, :radiation, %w{<meter> <meter>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+  '<roentgen>' => [%w{R roentgen}, 0.009330, :radiation, %w{<meter> <meter>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+  '<sievert>' => [%w{Sv sievert sieverts}, 1.0, :radiation, %w{<meter> <meter>}, %w{<second> <second>}],
+  '<becquerel>' => [%w{Bq bequerel bequerels}, 1.0, :radiation, %w{<1>},%w{<second>}],
+  '<curie>' => [%w{Ci curie curies}, 3.7e10, :radiation, %w{<1>},%w{<second>}],
+  '<cpm>' => [%w{cpm}, 1.0/60.0, :radiation, %w{<1>},%w{<second>}],
+  '<dpm>' => [%w{dpm}, 1.0/60.0, :radiation, %w{<1>},%w{<second>}],
+
+  #other
+  '<each>' => [%w{each}, 1.0, :counting, %w{<each>}],
+  '<count>' => [%w{count}, 1.0, :counting, %w{<each>}],  
+  '<base-pair>'  => [%w{bp}, 1.0, :counting, %w{<each>}],
+  '<nucleotide>' => [%w{nt}, 1.0, :counting, %w{<each>}],
+  '<molecule>' => [%w{molecule molecules}, 1.0, :counting, %w{<each>}],
+  '<dozen>' =>  [%w{dz doz dozen},12.0,:prefix],
+  '<percent>'=> [%w{% percent}, 0.01, :prefix_only, %w{<centi>}],
+  '<ppm>' =>  [%w{ppm},1e-6,:prefix_only, %w{<micro>}],
+  '<ppt>' =>  [%w{ppt},1e-9,:prefix_only, %w{<nano>}],
+  '<gross>' =>  [%w{gr gross},144.0, :prefix_only, %w{<dozen> <dozen>}]
+
+
+} # doc
+end

data/test/test_ruby_units.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+require 'test/unit'
+require 'ruby_units'
+
+class Unit < Numeric
+  @@USER_DEFINITIONS = {'<inchworm>' =>  [%w{inworm inchworm}, 0.0254, :length, %w{<meter>} ]}
+  Unit.setup
+end
+
+class TestRubyUnit < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  
+  def test_unary_minus
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("-1 mm")
+    assert_equal unit1, -unit2
+  end
+  
+  def test_unary_plus
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_equal unit1, +unit1
+  end
+
+  def test_create_unit_only
+    unit1 = Unit.new("m")
+    assert_equal ['<meter>'], unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal 1.0, unit1.quantity
+  end
+  
+  def test_to_base
+    unit1 = Unit.new("100 cm")
+    assert_equal 1.0, unit1.to_base.quantity
+  end
+  
+  def test_to_unit
+    unit1 = "1 mm".to_unit
+    assert Unit === unit1
+    unit2 = Unit("1 mm")
+    assert Unit === unit1
+    assert unit1 == unit2
+  end
+  
+  def test_create_unitless
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1")
+    assert_equal 1,unit1.to_f
+    assert_equal ['<1>'],unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal ['<1>'],unit1.denominator
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1.5")
+    assert_equal 1.5,unit1.to_f
+    assert_equal ['<1>'],unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal ['<1>'],unit1.denominator
+  end
+  
+  def test_create_simple
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m")
+    assert_equal 1,unit1.to_f
+    assert_equal ['<meter>'], unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal ['<1>'],unit1.denominator
+  end
+  
+  def test_create_compound
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 N*m")
+    assert_equal 1,unit1.to_f 
+    assert_equal ['<newton>','<meter>'],unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal ['<1>'],unit1.denominator
+  end
+  
+  def test_create_with_denominator
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m/s")
+    assert_equal 1, unit1.to_f
+    assert_equal ['<meter>'],unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal ['<second>'],unit1.denominator
+  end
+  
+  def test_create_with_powers
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m^2/s^2")
+    assert_equal 1, unit1.to_f
+    assert_equal ['<meter>','<meter>'],unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal ['<second>','<second>'],unit1.denominator
+  end
+
+  def test_create_with_zero_power
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m^0")
+    assert_equal 1,unit1.to_f
+    assert_equal ['<1>'],unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal ['<1>'],unit1.denominator
+  end
+
+  def test_create_with_negative_powers
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m^2 s^-2")
+    assert_equal 1, unit1.to_f
+    assert_equal ['<meter>','<meter>'],unit1.numerator
+    assert_equal ['<second>','<second>'],unit1.denominator
+  end
+  
+  def test_convert
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 attoparsec/microfortnight")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      unit2 = unit1 >> "in/s"
+      assert_equal ['<inch>'],unit2.numerator
+      assert_equal ['<second>'],unit2.denominator
+      assert_in_delta 1.0043269330917,unit2.to_f,0.00001 
+    }
+  end
+  
+  def test_convert_to
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 ft")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      unit3 = unit1 >> unit2
+      assert_equal ['<foot>'], unit3.numerator
+      assert_equal ['<1>'],unit3.denominator
+      unit3 = unit1 >> "ft"
+      assert_equal ['<foot>'], unit3.numerator
+      assert_equal ['<1>'],unit3.denominator
+    }
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) { unit3= unit1 >> 5.0}
+  end
+  
+  def test_matched_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m*kg/s")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 in*pound/min")
+    assert unit1 =~ unit2
+  end
+  
+  def test_matched_units_using_string
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m*kg/s")
+    assert unit1 =~ "in*pound/min"
+  end
+  
+  def test_unmatched_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m*kg/s")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert unit1 !~ unit2
+  end
+  
+  def test_comparison_like_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 in")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      assert unit1 > unit2
+    }
+  end
+  
+  def test_comparison_unlike_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 kg")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { unit1 > unit2 }
+  end
+  
+  def test_add_like_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("2 mm")
+    assert_nothing_raised {  
+      assert_equal 3.0, (unit1+unit2).to_f
+      }
+  end
+  
+  def test_add_similar_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 cm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 in")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      unit3 = unit1 + unit2
+      assert_in_delta 3.54, unit3.to_f, 0.01
+      }
+  end
+
+  def test_subtract_similar_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 cm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 in")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      unit3 = unit1 - unit2
+      assert_in_delta -1.54, unit3.to_f, 0.01
+      }
+  end
+  
+  def test_add_unlike_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("2 ml")
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) {(unit1+unit2).to_f}
+  end
+  
+  def test_signature #"1 m s deg K kg A mol cd byte rad
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m*s*degK*kg*A*mol*cd*byte*rad*dollar")
+    assert_equal unit1.signature, (0..9).inject(0) {|product, n| product + 20**n}
+  end
+  
+  def test_subtract_like_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("2 mm")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      assert_equal -1, (unit1-unit2).to_f
+      }
+  end
+  
+  def test_subtract_unlike_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("2 ml")
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) {(unit1-unit2).to_f}
+  end
+  
+  def test_multiply
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 M")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("200 g/mole")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      unit3 = unit1 * unit2
+      assert_equal Unit.new("200 M*g/mol"), unit3    
+    }
+  end
+  
+  def test_divide
+    unit1 = Unit.new("200 M*g/mol")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("200 g/mole")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      unit3 = unit1 / unit2
+      assert_equal Unit.new("1 M"), unit3
+      }
+  end
+  
+  def test_inverse
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 1/m")
+    assert_equal unit2, unit1.inverse
+  end
+  
+  def test_exponentiate_positive
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm^2")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      assert_equal unit2, unit1**2
+      }
+  end
+  
+  def test_exponentiate_float
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) {unit1**2.5}
+  end
+   
+  def test_exponentiate_negative
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 m")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 m^-2")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      assert_equal unit2, unit1**-2
+      }
+  end
+
+  def test_exponentiate_zero
+    unit1 = Unit.new("10 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1")
+    assert_nothing_raised {
+      assert_equal unit2, unit1**0
+    }
+  end
+  
+  def test_abs
+    unit1 = Unit.new("-1 mm")
+    assert_equal 1, unit1.abs
+  end
+  
+  def test_ceil
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1.1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("2 mm")
+    assert_equal unit2, unit1.ceil
+  end
+  
+  def test_floor
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1.1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_equal unit2, unit1.floor
+  end
+  
+  def test_to_int
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1.1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_equal unit2, unit1.to_int
+  end
+  
+  def test_truncate
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1.1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_equal unit2, unit1.truncate
+  end
+  
+  def test_round
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1.1 mm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_equal unit2, unit1.round
+  end
+  
+  def test_zero?
+    unit1 = Unit.new("0")
+    assert unit1.zero?
+  end
+  
+  def test_nonzero?
+    unit1 = Unit.new("0")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_nil unit1.nonzero?
+    assert_equal unit2, unit2.nonzero?
+  end
+  
+  def test_equality
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1 cm")
+    unit2 = Unit.new("10 mm")
+    assert unit1 == unit2
+  end
+  
+  def test_temperature_conversions
+    unit1 = Unit.new("37 degC")
+    unit2 = unit1 >> "degF"
+    assert_in_delta 98.6, unit2.to_f, 0.1
+    unit2 = unit1 >> "degK"
+    assert_in_delta 310.15, unit2.to_f, 0.01
+    unit2 = unit1 >> "degR"
+    assert_in_delta 558.27, unit2.to_f, 0.01
+    unit3 = Unit.new("1 J/degC")
+    assert_in_delta 1, (unit3 >> "J/degK").to_f, 0.01
+  end
+  
+  def test_feet
+    unit1 = Unit.new("6'6\"")
+    assert_in_delta 6.5, unit1.to_f, 0.01
+  end
+  
+  def test_pounds
+    unit1 = Unit.new("8 pounds, 8 ounces")
+    assert_in_delta 8.5, unit1.to_f, 0.01
+  end
+  
+  # these units are 'ambiguous' and could be mis-parsed
+  def test_parse_tricky_units
+    unit1 = Unit.new('1 mm')      #sometimes parsed as 'm*m'
+    assert_equal ['<milli>','<meter>'], unit1.numerator
+    unit2 = Unit.new('1 cd')      # could be a 'centi-day' instead of a candela
+    assert_equal ['<candela>'], unit2.numerator
+    unit3 = Unit.new('1 min')      # could be a 'milli-inch' instead of a minute
+    assert_equal ['<minute>'], unit3.numerator
+    unit4 = Unit.new('1 ft')      # could be a 'femto-ton' instead of a foot
+    assert_equal ['<foot>'], unit4.numerator  
+  end
+   
+  def test_to_s
+    unit1 = Unit.new("1")
+    assert_equal "1", unit1.to_s
+    unit2 = Unit.new("mm")
+    assert_equal "1 mm", unit2.to_s
+    assert_equal "0.04 in", unit2.to_s("%0.2f in")
+    assert_equal "0.1 cm", unit2.to_s("cm")
+    unit3 = Unit.new("1 mm")
+    assert_equal "1 mm", unit3.to_s
+    assert_equal "0.04 in", unit3.to_s("%0.2f in")
+    unit4 = Unit.new("1 mm^2")
+    assert_equal "1 mm^2", unit4.to_s
+    unit5 = Unit.new("1 mm^2 s^-2")
+    assert_equal "1 mm^2/s^2", unit5.to_s
+    unit6= Unit.new("1 kg*m/s")
+    assert_equal "1 kg*m/s", unit6.to_s
+    unit7= Unit.new("1 1/m")
+    assert_equal "1 1/m", unit7.to_s
+    
+  end
+  
+  def test_to_feet_inches
+    unit1 = Unit.new("6'5\"")
+    assert_equal "6'5\"", unit1.to_s(:ft)
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) {
+      unit1 = Unit.new("1 kg")
+      unit1.to_s(:ft)
+    }
+  end
+  
+  def test_to_lbs_oz
+    unit1 = Unit.new("8 lbs 8 oz")
+    assert_equal "8 lbs, 8 oz", unit1.to_s(:lbs)
+    assert_raises(ArgumentError) {
+      unit1 = Unit.new("1 m")
+      unit1.to_s(:lbs)
+    }
+  end
+  
+  def test_add_units
+    a = Unit.new("1 inchworm")
+    assert_equal "1 inworm", a.to_s
+  end
+  
+end