ruby-spreadsheet 0.6.5

data/lib/spreadsheet/excel/writer/worksheet.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+require 'stringio'
+require 'spreadsheet/excel/writer/biff8'
+require 'spreadsheet/excel/internals'
+require 'spreadsheet/excel/internals/biff8'
+
+module Spreadsheet
+  module Excel
+    module Writer
+##
+# Writer class for Excel Worksheets. Most write_* method correspond to an
+# Excel-Record/Opcode. You should not need to call any of its methods directly.
+# If you think you do, look at #write_worksheet
+class Worksheet
+  include Spreadsheet::Excel::Writer::Biff8
+  include Spreadsheet::Excel::Internals
+  include Spreadsheet::Excel::Internals::Biff8
+  attr_reader :worksheet
+  def initialize workbook, worksheet
+    @workbook = workbook
+    @worksheet = worksheet
+    @io = StringIO.new ''
+    @biff_version = 0x0600
+    @bof = 0x0809
+    @build_id = 3515
+    @build_year = 1996
+    @bof_types = {
+      :globals      => 0x0005,
+      :visual_basic => 0x0006,
+      :worksheet    => 0x0010,
+      :chart        => 0x0020,
+      :macro_sheet  => 0x0040,
+      :workspace    => 0x0100,
+    }
+  end
+  ##
+  # The number of bytes needed to write a Boundsheet record for this Worksheet
+  # Used by Writer::Worksheet to calculate various offsets.
+  def boundsheet_size
+    name.size + 10
+  end
+  def data
+    @io.rewind
+    @io.read
+  end
+  def encode_date date
+    return date if date.is_a? Numeric
+    if date.is_a? Time
+      date = DateTime.new date.year, date.month, date.day,
+                          date.hour, date.min, date.sec
+    end
+    base = @workbook.date_base
+    value = date - base
+    if LEAP_ERROR > base
+      value += 1
+    end
+    value
+  end
+  def encode_rk value
+    #  Bit  Mask        Contents
+    #    0  0x00000001  0 = Value not changed 1 = Value is multiplied by 100
+    #    1  0x00000002  0 = Floating-point value 1 = Signed integer value
+    # 31-2  0xFFFFFFFC  Encoded value
+    cent = 0
+    int = 2
+    higher = value * 100
+    if higher.is_a?(Float) && higher < 0xfffffffc
+      cent = 1
+      if higher == higher.to_i
+        value = higher.to_i
+      else
+        value = higher
+      end
+    end
+    if value.is_a?(Integer)
+      ## although not documented as signed, 'V' appears to correctly pack
+      #  negative numbers.
+      value <<= 2
+    else
+      # FIXME: precision of small numbers
+      int = 0
+      value, = [value].pack(EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE).unpack('x4V')
+      value &= 0xfffffffc
+    end
+    value | cent | int
+  end
+  def name
+    unicode_string @worksheet.name
+  end
+  def need_number? cell
+    if cell.is_a?(Numeric) && cell.abs > 0x1fffffff
+      true
+    elsif cell.is_a?(Float)
+      higher = cell * 100
+      if higher == higher.to_i
+        need_number? higher.to_i
+      else
+        test1, test2 = [cell * 100].pack(EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE).unpack('V2')
+        test1 > 0 || need_number?(test2)
+      end
+    else
+      false
+    end
+  end
+  def row_blocks
+    # All cells in an Excel document are divided into blocks of 32 consecutive
+    # rows, called Row Blocks. The first Row Block starts with the first used
+    # row in that sheet. Inside each Row Block there will occur ROW records
+    # describing the properties of the rows, and cell records with all the cell
+    # contents in this Row Block.
+    blocks = []
+    @worksheet.reject do |row| row.empty? end.each_with_index do |row, idx|
+      blocks << [] if idx % 32 == 0
+      blocks.last << row
+    end
+    blocks
+  end
+  def size
+    @io.size
+  end
+  def strings
+    @worksheet.inject [] do |memo, row|
+      strings = row.select do |cell| cell.is_a?(String) && !cell.empty? end
+      memo.concat strings
+    end
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write a blank cell
+  def write_blank row, idx
+    write_cell :blank, row, idx
+  end
+  def write_bof
+    data = [
+      @biff_version, # BIFF version (always 0x0600 for BIFF8)
+      0x0010,        # Type of the following data:
+                     # 0x0005 = Workbook globals
+                     # 0x0006 = Visual Basic module
+                     # 0x0010 = Worksheet
+                     # 0x0020 = Chart
+                     # 0x0040 = Macro sheet
+                     # 0x0100 = Workspace file
+      @build_id,     # Build identifier
+      @build_year,   # Build year
+      0x000,         # File history flags
+      0x006,         # Lowest Excel version that can read
+                     # all records in this file
+    ]
+    write_op @bof, data.pack("v4V2")
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write a cell with a Boolean or Error value
+  def write_boolerr row, idx
+    value = row[idx]
+    type = 0
+    numval = 0
+    if value.is_a? Error
+      type = 1
+      numval = value.code
+    elsif value
+      numval = 1
+    end
+    data = [
+      numval, # Boolean or error value (type depends on the following byte)
+      type    # 0 = Boolean value; 1 = Error code
+    ]
+    write_cell :boolerr, row, idx, *data
+  end
+  def write_calccount
+    count = 100 # Maximum number of iterations allowed in circular references
+    write_op 0x000c, [count].pack('v')
+  end
+  def write_cell type, row, idx, *args
+    xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx)
+    data = [
+      row.idx, # Index to row
+      idx,     # Index to column
+      xf_idx,  # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
+    ].concat args
+    write_op opcode(type), data.pack(binfmt(type))
+  end
+  def write_cellblocks row
+    # BLANK ➜ 6.7
+    # BOOLERR ➜ 6.10
+    # INTEGER ➜ 6.56 (BIFF2 only)
+    # LABEL ➜ 6.59 (BIFF2-BIFF7)
+    # LABELSST ➜ 6.61 (BIFF8 only)
+    # MULBLANK ➜ 6.64 (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+    # MULRK ➜ 6.65 (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+    # NUMBER ➜ 6.68
+    # RK ➜ 6.82 (BIFF3-BIFF8)
+    # RSTRING ➜ 6.84 (BIFF5/BIFF7)
+    multiples, first_idx = nil
+    row = row.formatted
+    row.each_with_index do |cell, idx|
+      cell = nil if cell == ''
+      ## it appears that there are limitations to RK precision, both for
+      #  Integers and Floats, that lie well below 2^30 significant bits, or
+      #  Ruby's Bignum threshold. In that case we'll just write a Number
+      #  record
+      need_number = need_number? cell
+      if multiples && (!multiples.last.is_a?(cell.class) || need_number)
+        write_multiples row, first_idx, multiples
+        multiples, first_idx = nil
+      end
+      nxt = idx + 1
+      case cell
+      when NilClass
+        if multiples
+          multiples.push cell
+        elsif nxt < row.size && row[nxt].nil?
+          multiples = [cell]
+          first_idx = idx
+        else
+          write_blank row, idx
+        end
+      when TrueClass, FalseClass, Error
+        write_boolerr row, idx
+      when String
+        write_labelsst row, idx
+      when Numeric
+        ## RK encodes Floats with 30 significant bits, which is a bit more than
+        #  10^9. Not sure what is a good rule of thumb here, but it seems that
+        #  Decimal Numbers with more than 4 significant digits are not represented
+        #  with sufficient precision by RK
+        if need_number
+          write_number row, idx
+        elsif multiples
+          multiples.push cell
+        elsif nxt < row.size && row[nxt].is_a?(Numeric)
+          multiples = [cell]
+          first_idx = idx
+        else
+          write_rk row, idx
+        end
+      when Formula
+        write_formula row, idx
+      when Date, Time
+        write_number row, idx
+      end
+    end
+    write_multiples row, first_idx, multiples if multiples
+  end
+  def write_changes reader, endpos, sst_status
+
+    ## FIXME this is not smart solution to update outline_level.
+    #        without this process, outlines in row disappear in MS Excel.       
+    @worksheet.row_count.times do |i|
+      if @worksheet.row(i).outline_level > 0
+        @worksheet.row(i).outline_level = @worksheet.row(i).outline_level
+      end
+    end
+
+    reader.seek @worksheet.offset
+    blocks = row_blocks
+    lastpos = reader.pos
+    offsets = {}
+    row_offsets = []
+    changes = @worksheet.changes
+    @worksheet.offsets.each do |key, pair|
+      if changes.include?(key) \
+        || (sst_status == :complete_update && key.is_a?(Integer))
+        offsets.store pair, key
+      end
+    end
+    ## FIXME it may be smarter to simply write all rowblocks, instead of doing a
+    #        song-and-dance routine for every row...
+    work = offsets.invert
+    work.each do |key, (pos, len)|
+      case key
+      when Integer
+        row_offsets.push [key, [pos, len]]
+      when :dimensions
+        row_offsets.push [-1, [pos, len]]
+      end
+    end
+    row_offsets.sort!
+    row_offsets.reverse!
+    control = changes.size
+    @worksheet.each do |row|
+      key = row.idx
+      if changes.include?(key) && !work.include?(key)
+        row, pair = row_offsets.find do |idx, _| idx <= key end
+        work.store key, pair
+      end
+    end
+    if changes.size > control
+      warn <<-EOS
+Your Worksheet was modified while it was being written. This should not happen.
+Please contact the author (hannes dot wyss at gmail dot com) with a sample file
+and minimal code that generates this warning. Thanks!
+      EOS
+    end
+    work = work.sort_by do |key, (pos, len)|
+      [pos, key.is_a?(Integer) ? key : -1]
+    end
+    work.each do |key, (pos, len)|
+      @io.write reader.read(pos - lastpos) if pos > lastpos
+      if key.is_a?(Integer)
+        if block = blocks.find do |rows| rows.any? do |row| row.idx == key end end
+          write_rowblock block
+          blocks.delete block
+        end
+      else
+        send "write_#{key}"
+      end
+      lastpos = pos + len
+      reader.seek lastpos
+    end
+
+    # Necessary for outline (grouping) and hiding functions 
+    # but these below are not necessary to run
+    # if [Row|Column]#hidden? = false and [Row|Column]#outline_level == 0
+    write_colinfos
+    write_guts
+
+    @io.write reader.read(endpos - lastpos)
+  end
+  def write_colinfo bunch
+    col = bunch.first
+    width = col.width.to_f * 256
+    xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, col.default_format
+    opts =  0
+    opts |= 0x0001 if col.hidden?
+    opts |= col.outline_level.to_i << 8
+    opts |= 0x1000 if col.collapsed?
+    data = [
+      col.idx,        # Index to first column in the range
+      bunch.last.idx, # Index to last column in the range
+      width.to_i,     # Width of the columns in 1/256 of the width of the zero
+                      # character, using default font (first FONT record in the
+                      # file)
+      xf_idx.to_i,    # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115) for default column formatting
+      opts,           # Option flags:
+                      # Bits  Mask    Contents
+                      #    0  0x0001  1 = Columns are hidden
+                      # 10-8  0x0700  Outline level of the columns
+                      #               (0 = no outline)
+                      #   12  0x1000  1 = Columns are collapsed
+    ]
+    write_op opcode(:colinfo), data.pack(binfmt(:colinfo))
+  end
+  def write_colinfos
+    cols = @worksheet.columns
+    bunch = []
+    cols.each_with_index do |column, idx|
+      if column
+        bunch << column
+        if cols[idx.next] != column
+          write_colinfo bunch
+          bunch.clear
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  def write_defaultrowheight
+    data = [
+      0x00, # Option flags:
+            # Bit  Mask  Contents
+            #   0  0x01  1 = Row height and default font height do not match
+            #   1  0x02  1 = Row is hidden
+            #   2  0x04  1 = Additional space above the row
+            #   3  0x08  1 = Additional space below the row
+      0xf2, #   Default height for unused rows, in twips = 1/20 of a point
+    ]
+    write_op 0x0225, data.pack('v2')
+  end
+  def write_page_settings
+    # TODO Other Page Settings Block options:
+    # * HORIZONTALPAGEBREAKS
+    # * VERTICALPAGEBREAKS
+    # * HEADER
+    # * FOOTER
+    # * HCENTER
+    # * VCENTER
+    # * LEFTMARGIN
+    # * RIGHTMARGIN
+    # * TOPMARGIN
+    # * BOTTOMMARGIN
+    # * PLS
+    write_pagesetup # PAGESETUP (5.73)
+    # * BITMAP
+  end
+  # PAGESETUP (5.73)
+  def write_pagesetup
+    # TODO wire up these other options (5.73). All of these commented-out
+    # options should default to false.
+
+    opts = 0
+    # opts |= 0x0001 if print_pages_in_rows?
+    opts |= 0x0002 if @worksheet.orientation == :portrait
+    # opts |= 0x0004 if page_options_uninitialized?
+    # opts |= 0x0008 if print_black_and_white?
+    # opts |= 0x0010 if print_draft_quality?
+    # opts |= 0x0020 if print_cell_notes?
+    # opts |= 0x0040 if use_default_orientation?
+    # opts |= 0x0080 if use_start_page_number?
+
+    # BIFF8+:
+    # opts |= 0x0200 if print_notes_at_end_of_sheet?
+    # case error_style
+    # when :as_displayed
+    #   # default: nothing
+    # when :hide
+    #   opts |= 0x0400
+    # when :dash
+    #   opts |= 0x0800
+    # when :na
+    #   opts |= 0x0C00
+    # end
+
+    data = [
+      1, # Paper size (0=undefined), see Paper Size Table (5.73)
+      100, # Scaling factor in percent
+      0, # Start page number
+      @worksheet.fit_width_to_pages || 0, # Fit worksheet width to this number
+                                          # of pages (0 = use as many as needed)
+      @worksheet.fit_height_to_pages || 0, # Fit worksheet height to this
+                                           # number of pages (0 = use as many
+                                           # as needed)
+      opts,
+      300, # Print resolution in dpi
+      300, # Vertical print resolution in dpi
+      0, # Header margin (TODO)
+      0, # Footer margin (TODO)
+      1 # Number of copies to print
+    ]
+    write_op opcode(:pagesetup), data.pack(binfmt(:pagesetup))
+  end
+  def write_defcolwidth
+    # Offset  Size  Contents
+    #      0     2  Column width in characters, using the width of the zero
+    #               character from default font (first FONT record in the
+    #               file). Excel adds some extra space to the default width,
+    #               depending on the default font and default font size. The
+    #               algorithm how to exactly calculate the resulting column
+    #               width is not known.
+    #
+    #               Example: The default width of 8 set in this record results
+    #               in a column width of 8.43 using Arial font with a size of
+    #               10 points.
+    write_op 0x0055, [8].pack('v')
+  end
+  def write_dimensions
+    # Offset  Size  Contents
+    #      0     4  Index to first used row
+    #      4     4  Index to last used row, increased by 1
+    #      8     2  Index to first used column
+    #     10     2  Index to last used column, increased by 1
+    #     12     2  Not used
+    write_op 0x0200, @worksheet.dimensions.pack(binfmt(:dimensions))
+  end
+  def write_eof
+    write_op 0x000a
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write a cell with a Formula. May write an additional String record depending
+  # on the stored result of the Formula.
+  def write_formula row, idx
+    xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx)
+    cell = row[idx]
+    data1 = [
+      row.idx,      # Index to row
+      idx,          # Index to column
+      xf_idx,       # Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
+    ].pack 'v3'
+    data2 = nil
+    case value = cell.value
+    when Numeric    # IEEE 754 floating-point value (64-bit double precision)
+      data2 = [value].pack EIGHT_BYTE_DOUBLE
+    when String
+      data2 = [
+        0x00,       # (identifier for a string value)
+        0xffff,     #
+      ].pack 'Cx5v'
+    when true, false
+      value = value ? 1 : 0
+      data2 = [
+        0x01,     # (identifier for a Boolean value)
+        value,    # 0 = FALSE, 1 = TRUE
+        0xffff,   #
+      ].pack 'CxCx3v'
+    when Error
+      data2 = [
+        0x02,       # (identifier for an error value)
+        value.code, # Error code
+        0xffff,     #
+      ].pack 'CxCx3v'
+    when nil
+      data2 = [
+        0x03,       # (identifier for an empty cell)
+        0xffff,     #
+      ].pack 'Cx5v'
+    else
+      data2 = [
+        0x02,       # (identifier for an error value)
+        0x2a,       # Error code: #N/A! Argument or function not available
+        0xffff,     #
+      ].pack 'CxCx3v'
+    end
+    opts = 0x03
+    opts |= 0x08 if cell.shared
+    data3 = [
+      opts        # Option flags:
+                  # Bit  Mask    Contents
+                  #   0  0x0001  1 = Recalculate always
+                  #   1  0x0002  1 = Calculate on open
+                  #   3  0x0008  1 = Part of a shared formula
+    ].pack 'vx4'
+    write_op opcode(:formula), data1, data2, data3, cell.data
+    if cell.value.is_a?(String)
+      write_op opcode(:string), unicode_string(cell.value, 2)
+    end
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write a new Worksheet.
+  def write_from_scratch
+    # ●  BOF Type = worksheet (➜ 5.8)
+    write_bof
+    # ○  UNCALCED ➜ 5.105
+    # ○  INDEX ➜ 4.7 (Row Blocks), ➜ 5.59
+    # ○  Calculation Settings Block ➜ 4.3
+    write_calccount
+    write_refmode
+    write_iteration
+    write_saverecalc
+    # ○  PRINTHEADERS ➜ 5.81
+    # ○  PRINTGRIDLINES ➜ 5.80
+    # ○  GRIDSET ➜ 5.52
+    # ○  GUTS ➜ 5.53
+    write_guts
+    # ○  DEFAULTROWHEIGHT ➜ 5.31
+    write_defaultrowheight
+    # ○  WSBOOL ➜ 5.113
+    write_wsbool
+    # ○  Page Settings Block ➜ 4.4
+    write_page_settings
+    # ○  Worksheet Protection Block ➜ 4.18
+    # ○  DEFCOLWIDTH ➜ 5.32
+    write_defcolwidth
+    # ○○ COLINFO ➜ 5.18
+    write_colinfos
+    # ○  SORT ➜ 5.99
+    # ●  DIMENSIONS ➜ 5.35
+    write_dimensions
+    # ○○ Row Blocks ➜ 4.7
+    write_rows
+    # ●  Worksheet View Settings Block ➜ 4.5
+    # ●  WINDOW2 ➜ 5.110
+    write_window2
+    # ○  SCL ➜ 5.92 (BIFF4-BIFF8 only)
+    # ○  PANE ➜ 5.75
+    # ○○ SELECTION ➜ 5.93
+    # ○  STANDARDWIDTH ➜ 5.101
+    # ○○ MERGEDCELLS ➜ 5.67
+    # ○  LABELRANGES ➜ 5.64
+    # ○  PHONETIC ➜ 5.77
+    # ○  Conditional Formatting Table ➜ 4.12
+    # ○  Hyperlink Table ➜ 4.13
+    write_hyperlink_table
+    # ○  Data Validity Table ➜ 4.14
+    # ○  SHEETLAYOUT ➜ 5.96 (BIFF8X only)
+    # ○  SHEETPROTECTION Additional protection, ➜ 5.98 (BIFF8X only)
+    # ○  RANGEPROTECTION Additional protection, ➜ 5.84 (BIFF8X only)
+    # ●  EOF ➜ 5.36
+    write_eof
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write record that contains information about the layout of outline symbols.
+  def write_guts
+    # find the maximum outline_level in rows and columns
+    row_outline_level = 0
+    col_outline_level = 0
+    if(row = @worksheet.rows.select{|x| x!=nil}.max{|a,b| a.outline_level <=> b.outline_level})
+      row_outline_level = row.outline_level
+    end
+    if(col = @worksheet.columns.select{|x| x!=nil}.max{|a,b| a.outline_level <=> b.outline_level})
+      col_outline_level = col.outline_level
+    end
+    # set data
+    data = [
+      0,  # Width of the area to display row outlines (left of the sheet), in pixel
+      0,  # Height of the area to display column outlines (above the sheet), in pixel
+      row_outline_level+1, # Number of visible row outline levels (used row levels+1; or 0,if not used)
+      col_outline_level+1  # Number of visible column outline levels (used column levels+1; or 0,if not used)
+    ]
+    # write record
+    write_op opcode(:guts), data.pack('v4')
+  end
+  def write_hlink row, col, link
+    # FIXME: only Hyperlinks are supported at present.
+    cell_range = [
+      row, row, # Cell range address of all cells containing this hyperlink
+      col, col, # (➜ 3.13.1)
+    ].pack 'v4'
+    guid = [
+      # GUID of StdLink:
+      # D0 C9 EA 79 F9 BA CE 11 8C 82 00 AA 00 4B A9 0B
+      # (79EAC9D0-BAF9-11CE-8C82-00AA004BA90B)
+      "d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b",
+    ].pack 'H32'
+    opts  = 0x01
+    opts |= 0x02
+    opts |= 0x14 unless link == link.url
+    opts |= 0x08 if link.fragment
+    opts |= 0x80 if link.target_frame
+    # TODO: UNC support
+    options = [
+      2,        # Unknown value: 0x00000002
+      opts,     # Option flags
+                #     Bit  Mask        Contents
+                #       0  0x00000001  0 = No link extant
+                #                      1 = File link or URL
+                #       1  0x00000002  0 = Relative file path
+                #                      1 = Absolute path or URL
+                # 2 and 4  0x00000014  0 = No description
+                #                      1 (both bits) = Description
+                #       3  0x00000008  0 = No text mark
+                #                      1 = Text mark
+                #       7  0x00000080  0 = No target frame
+                #                      1 = Target frame
+                #       8  0x00000100  0 = File link or URL
+                #                      1 = UNC path (incl. server name)
+
+    ].pack('V2')
+    tail = []
+    ## call internal to get the correct internal encoding in Ruby 1.9
+    nullstr = internal "\000"
+    unless link == link.url
+      desc = internal(link).dup << nullstr
+      tail.push [desc.size / 2].pack('V'), desc
+    end
+    if link.target_frame
+      frme = internal(link.target_frame).dup << nullstr
+      tail.push [frme.size / 2].pack('V'), frme
+    end
+    url = internal(link.url).dup << nullstr
+    tail.push [
+      # 6.53.2 Hyperlink containing a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
+      # These data fields occur for links which are not local files or files
+      # in the local network (for instance HTTP and FTP links and e-mail
+      # addresses). The lower 9 bits of the option flags field must be
+      # 0.x00x.xx112 (x means optional, depending on hyperlink content). The
+      # GUID could be used to distinguish a URL from a file link.
+      # GUID of URL Moniker:
+      # E0 C9 EA 79 F9 BA CE 11 8C 82 00 AA 00 4B A9 0B
+      # (79EAC9E0-BAF9-11CE-8C82-00AA004BA90B)
+      'e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b',
+      url.size  # Size of character array of the URL, including trailing zero
+                # word (us). There are us/2-1 characters in the following
+                # string.
+    ].pack('H32V'), url
+    if link.fragment
+      frag = internal(link.fragment).dup << nullstr
+      tail.push [frag.size / 2].pack('V'), frag
+    end
+    write_op opcode(:hlink), cell_range, guid, options, *tail
+  end
+  def write_hyperlink_table
+    # TODO: theoretically it's possible to write fewer records by combining
+    #       identical neighboring links in cell-ranges
+    links = []
+    @worksheet.each do |row|
+      row.each_with_index do |cell, idx|
+        if cell.is_a? Link
+          write_hlink row.idx, idx, cell
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  def write_iteration
+    its = 0 # 0 = Iterations off; 1 = Iterations on
+    write_op 0x0011, [its].pack('v')
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write a cell with a String value. The String must have been stored in the
+  # Shared String Table.
+  def write_labelsst row, idx
+    write_cell :labelsst, row, idx, @workbook.sst_index(self, row[idx])
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write multiple consecutive blank cells.
+  def write_mulblank row, idx, multiples
+    data = [
+      row.idx, # Index to row
+      idx, # Index to first column (fc)
+    ]
+    # List of nc=lc-fc+1 16-bit indexes to XF records (➜ 6.115)
+    multiples.each_with_index do |blank, cell_idx|
+      xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx + cell_idx)
+      data.push xf_idx
+    end
+    # Index to last column (lc)
+    data.push idx + multiples.size - 1
+    write_op opcode(:mulblank), data.pack('v*')
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write multiple consecutive cells with RK values (see #write_rk)
+  def write_mulrk row, idx, multiples
+    fmt = 'v2'
+    data = [
+      row.idx, # Index to row
+      idx, # Index to first column (fc)
+    ]
+    # List of nc=lc-fc+1 16-bit indexes to XF records (➜ 6.115)
+    multiples.each_with_index do |cell, cell_idx|
+      xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, row.format(idx + cell_idx)
+      data.push xf_idx, encode_rk(cell)
+      fmt << 'vV'
+    end
+    # Index to last column (lc)
+    data.push idx + multiples.size - 1
+    write_op opcode(:mulrk), data.pack(fmt << 'v')
+  end
+  def write_multiples row, idx, multiples
+    case multiples.last
+    when NilClass
+      write_mulblank row, idx, multiples
+    when Numeric
+      if multiples.size > 1
+        write_mulrk row, idx, multiples
+      else
+        write_rk row, idx
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write a cell with a 64-bit double precision Float value
+  def write_number row, idx
+    # Offset Size Contents
+    # 0 2 Index to row
+    # 2 2 Index to column
+    # 4 2 Index to XF record (➜ 6.115)
+    # 6 8 IEEE 754 floating-point value (64-bit double precision)
+    value = row[idx]
+    case value
+    when Date, Time
+      value = encode_date(value)
+    end
+    write_cell :number, row, idx, value
+  end
+  def write_op op, *args
+    data = args.join
+    @io.write [op,data.size].pack("v2")
+    @io.write data
+  end
+  def write_refmode
+    # • The “RC” mode uses numeric indexes for rows and columns, for example
+    #   “R(1)C(-1)”, or “R1C1:R2C2”.
+    # • The “A1” mode uses characters for columns and numbers for rows, for
+    #   example “B1”, or “$A$1:$B$2”.
+    mode = 1 # 0 = RC mode; 1 = A1 mode
+    write_op 0x000f, [mode].pack('v')
+  end
+  ##
+  # Write a cell with a Numeric or Date value.
+  def write_rk row, idx
+    write_cell :rk, row, idx, encode_rk(row[idx])
+  end
+  def write_row row
+    # Offset  Size  Contents
+    #      0     2  Index of this row
+    #      2     2  Index to column of the first cell which
+    #               is described by a cell record
+    #      4     2  Index to column of the last cell which is
+    #               described by a cell record, increased by 1
+    #      6     2  Bit   Mask    Contents
+    #               14-0  0x7fff  Height of the row, in twips = 1/20 of a point
+    #                 15  0x8000  0 = Row has custom height;
+    #                             1 = Row has default height
+    #      8     2  Not used
+    #     10     2  In BIFF3-BIFF4 this field contains a relative offset to
+    #               calculate stream position of the first cell record for this
+    #               row (➜ 5.7.1). In BIFF5-BIFF8 this field is not used
+    #               anymore, but the DBCELL record (➜ 6.26) instead.
+    #     12     4  Option flags and default row formatting:
+    #                  Bit  Mask        Contents
+    #                  2-0  0x00000007  Outline level of the row
+    #                    4  0x00000010  1 = Outline group starts or ends here
+    #                                       (depending on where the outline
+    #                                       buttons are located, see WSBOOL
+    #                                       record, ➜ 6.113), and is collapsed
+    #                    5  0x00000020  1 = Row is hidden (manually, or by a
+    #                                       filter or outline group)
+    #                    6  0x00000040  1 = Row height and default font height
+    #                                       do not match
+    #                    7  0x00000080  1 = Row has explicit default format (fl)
+    #                    8  0x00000100  Always 1
+    #                27-16  0x0fff0000  If fl = 1: Index to default XF record
+    #                                              (➜ 6.115)
+    #                   28  0x10000000  1 = Additional space above the row.
+    #                                       This flag is set, if the upper
+    #                                       border of at least one cell in this
+    #                                       row or if the lower border of at
+    #                                       least one cell in the row above is
+    #                                       formatted with a thick line style.
+    #                                       Thin and medium line styles are not
+    #                                       taken into account.
+    #                   29  0x20000000  1 = Additional space below the row.
+    #                                       This flag is set, if the lower
+    #                                       border of at least one cell in this
+    #                                       row or if the upper border of at
+    #                                       least one cell in the row below is
+    #                                       formatted with a medium or thick
+    #                                       line style. Thin line styles are
+    #                                       not taken into account.
+    height = row.height || ROW_HEIGHT
+    opts = row.outline_level & 0x00000007
+    opts |= 0x00000010 if row.collapsed?
+    opts |= 0x00000020 if row.hidden?
+    opts |= 0x00000040 if height != ROW_HEIGHT
+    if fmt = row.default_format
+      xf_idx = @workbook.xf_index @worksheet.workbook, fmt
+      opts |= 0x00000080
+      opts |= xf_idx << 16
+    end
+    opts |= 0x00000100
+    height = if height == ROW_HEIGHT
+               (height * TWIPS).to_i | 0x8000
+             else
+               height * TWIPS
+             end
+    # TODO: Row spacing
+    data = [
+      row.idx,
+      row.first_used,
+      row.first_unused,
+      height,
+      opts,
+    ].pack binfmt(:row)
+    write_op opcode(:row), data
+  end
+  def write_rowblock block
+    # ●● ROW Properties of the used rows
+    # ○○ Cell Block(s) Cell records for all used cells
+    # ○  DBCELL Stream offsets to the cell records of each row
+    block.each do |row|
+      write_row row
+    end
+    block.each do |row|
+      write_cellblocks row
+    end
+  end
+  def write_rows
+    row_blocks.each do |block|
+      write_rowblock block
+    end
+  end
+  def write_saverecalc
+    # 0 = Do not recalculate; 1 = Recalculate before saving the document
+    write_op 0x005f, [1].pack('v')
+  end
+  def write_window2
+    # This record contains additional settings for the document window
+    # (BIFF2-BIFF4) or for the window of a specific worksheet (BIFF5-BIFF8).
+    # It is part of the Sheet View Settings Block (➜ 4.5).
+    # Offset  Size  Contents
+    #      0     2  Option flags:
+    #               Bits  Mask    Contents
+    #                  0  0x0001  0 = Show formula results
+    #                             1 = Show formulas
+    #                  1  0x0002  0 = Do not show grid lines
+    #                             1 = Show grid lines
+    #                  2  0x0004  0 = Do not show sheet headers
+    #                             1 = Show sheet headers
+    #                  3  0x0008  0 = Panes are not frozen
+    #                             1 = Panes are frozen (freeze)
+    #                  4  0x0010  0 = Show zero values as empty cells
+    #                             1 = Show zero values
+    #                  5  0x0020  0 = Manual grid line colour
+    #                             1 = Automatic grid line colour
+    #                  6  0x0040  0 = Columns from left to right
+    #                             1 = Columns from right to left
+    #                  7  0x0080  0 = Do not show outline symbols
+    #                             1 = Show outline symbols
+    #                  8  0x0100  0 = Keep splits if pane freeze is removed
+    #                             1 = Remove splits if pane freeze is removed
+    #                  9  0x0200  0 = Sheet not selected
+    #                             1 = Sheet selected (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+    #                 10  0x0400  0 = Sheet not active
+    #                             1 = Sheet active (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+    #                 11  0x0800  0 = Show in normal view
+    #                             1 = Show in page break preview (BIFF8)
+    #      2     2  Index to first visible row
+    #      4     2  Index to first visible column
+    #      6     2  Colour index of grid line colour (➜ 5.74).
+    #               Note that in BIFF2-BIFF5 an RGB colour is written instead.
+    #      8     2  Not used
+    #     10     2  Cached magnification factor in page break preview (in percent)
+    #               0 = Default (60%)
+    #     12     2  Cached magnification factor in normal view (in percent)
+    #               0 = Default (100%)
+    #     14     4  Not used
+    flags = 0x0536  # Show grid lines, sheet headers, zero values. Automatic
+                    # grid line colour, Remove slits if pane freeze is removed,
+                    # Sheet is active.
+    if @worksheet.selected
+      flags |= 0x0200
+    end
+    flags |= 0x0080 # Show outline symbols, 
+                    # but if [Row|Column]#outline_level = 0 the symbols are not shown.
+    data = [ flags, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ].pack binfmt(:window2)
+    write_op opcode(:window2), data
+  end
+  def write_wsbool
+    fit_print_to_pages = (@worksheet.fit_width_to_pages ||
+                          @worksheet.fit_height_to_pages) ? 1 : 0
+    bits = [
+         #   Bit  Mask    Contents
+      1, #     0  0x0001  0 = Do not show automatic page breaks
+         #                1 = Show automatic page breaks
+      0, #     4  0x0010  0 = Standard sheet
+         #                1 = Dialogue sheet (BIFF5-BIFF8)
+      0, #     5  0x0020  0 = No automatic styles in outlines
+         #                1 = Apply automatic styles to outlines
+      1, #     6  0x0040  0 = Outline buttons above outline group
+         #                1 = Outline buttons below outline group
+      1, #     7  0x0080  0 = Outline buttons left of outline group
+         #                1 = Outline buttons right of outline group
+      fit_print_to_pages,
+         #     8  0x0100  0 = Scale printout in percent (➜ 6.89)
+         #                1 = Fit printout to number of pages (➜ 6.89)
+      0, #     9  0x0200  0 = Save external linked values
+         #                    (BIFF3-BIFF4 only, ➜ 5.10)
+         #                1 = Do not save external linked values
+         #                    (BIFF3-BIFF4 only, ➜ 5.10)
+      1, #    10  0x0400  0 = Do not show row outline symbols
+         #                1 = Show row outline symbols
+      0, #    11  0x0800  0 = Do not show column outline symbols
+         #                1 = Show column outline symbols
+      0, # 13-12  0x3000  These flags specify the arrangement of windows.
+         #                They are stored in BIFF4 only.
+         #                00 = Arrange windows tiled
+         #                01 = Arrange windows horizontal
+      0, #                10 = Arrange windows vertical
+         #                11 = Arrange windows cascaded
+         # The following flags are valid for BIFF4-BIFF8 only:
+      0, #    14  0x4000  0 = Standard expression evaluation
+         #                1 = Alternative expression evaluation
+      0, #    15  0x8000  0 = Standard formula entries
+         #                1 = Alternative formula entries
+    ]
+    weights = [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
+    value = bits.inject do |a, b| a | (b << weights.shift) end
+    write_op 0x0081, [value].pack('v')
+  end
+end
+    end
+  end
+end