xml_security.rb in the ruby-saml gem before 1.0.0 for Ruby allows XPath injection and code execution because prepared statements are not used.

The lack of prepared statements allows for possibly command injection, leading to arbitrary code execution.

ruby-saml contains a flaw that is triggered as the URI value of a SAML response is not properly sanitized through a prepared statement. This may allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary shell commands on the host machine.

ruby-saml prior to version 1.7.0 is vulnerable to an authentication bypass via incorrect XML canonicalization and DOM traversal. Specifically, there are inconsistencies in handling of comments within XML nodes, resulting in incorrect parsing of the inner text of XML nodes such that any inner text after the comment is lost prior to cryptographically signing the SAML message. Text after the comment therefore has no impact on the signature on the SAML message.

A remote attacker can modify SAML content for a SAML service provider without invalidating the cryptographic signature, which may allow attackers to bypass primary authentication for the affected SAML service provider.

ruby-saml prior to version 1.3.0 is vulnerable to an XML signature wrapping attack in the specific scenario where there was a signature that referenced at the same time 2 elements (but past the scheme validator process since 1 of the element was inside the encrypted assertion).

ruby-saml users must update to 1.3.0, which implements 3 extra validations to mitigate this kind of attack.