ruby-oci8 2.0.2-x86-mswin32-60 → 2.0.3-x86-mswin32-60

data/ChangeLog

@@ -1,3 +1,124 @@
+2009-10-21  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* NEWS: add changes between 2.0.2 and 2.0.3.
+	* VERSION, Makefile: change the version to 2.0.3.
+	* ext/oci8/oci8.c: fix typo.
+	* ext/oci8/apiwrap.yml: add OCIIntervalFromText() prototype.
+
+2009-10-18  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/ocidatetime.c: Add workarounds for Oracle 9.2.0.1.
+	* lib/oci8/datetime.rb: Change the unit of OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS
+	    from day to second. Add OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS.unit and
+	    OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS.unit=.
+	* test/test_datetime.rb: Fix tests for the above changes.
+
+2009-10-17  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/oci8.c: Add a workaround for Oracle 9.2.0.1 when clearing
+	    a client identifier.
+	* ext/oci8/oci8lib.c: Fix a segv when canceling a non-blocking
+	    execution.
+	* test_appinfo.rb: Fix temporarily to prevent a segmentation fault
+	    under Oracle 9.2.0.1.
+	* test/test_oci8.rb: Fix temporarily to prevent a segmentation fault
+	    under Oracle 9.2.0.1. Fix for BigDecimal bundled in ruby 1.8.5.
+	* test/test_oranumber.rb: Fix for Oracle 9.2. Comparing float values
+	    by <=> is too sensitive to use it in tests.
+
+2009-10-06  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/ocinumber.c: Add a global function OraNumber(obj) as a
+	    shortcut of OraNumber.new(obj) as Rational and BigDecimal do.
+	    Changes the return type of the four rules of arithmetic;
+	    addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It was
+	    OraNumber, but now it depends on the operand.
+	* lib/oci8/bindtype.rb: Add OCI8::BindType::BigDecimal and
+	    OCI8::BindType::Rational. Change the default data type for
+	    number column which fit neither Integer nor Float from
+	    OraNumber to BigDecimal.
+	* lib/oci8/oci8.rb: Fix for OCI8::BindType::Mapping to accept
+	    a class name instead of the class object to support
+	    OCI8::BindType::BigDecimal and OCI8::BindType::Rational without
+	    requiring 'bigdecimal' and 'rational'.
+	* spec/oranumber_spec.rb: Add a spec file for OraNumber arithmetic.
+	* test/test_oci8.rb: Add tests for OCI8::BindType::BigDecimal and
+	    OCI8::BindType::Rational.
+
+2009-10-04  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/oci8.c: Add constants missing in Oracle client prior to 10g.
+	* ext/oci8/oraconf.rb:
+	    1. Fix for ruby 1.8.5 with Oracle 8.x which needs some object
+	       files to link with.
+	       (reported by Jayson Cena)
+	    2. Revise the error message under the sudo environemnt.
+	    3. Print not only error message but also the error backtrace when
+	       oraconf.rb fails.
+	* lib/oci8/object.rb: Fix to accept nil attribute in object type's
+	    constructors. This works only for simple data types such as number,
+	    string. But it doesn't for complex types such as object types.
+	    (requested by Remi Gagnon)
+	* spec/object_type_spec.rb: Add a test for object type's constructors.
+
+2009-09-22  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* lib/oci8/.document, lib/oci8/datetime.rb: 1. Add
+	    OCI8::BindType.default_timezone and OCI8::BindType.default_timezone=.
+	    2. Change the logic to convert to Time and DateTime to adapt DST.
+	    3. Use new features of Time class in ruby 1.9.2 if they are available.
+	    4. Add rdoc comments.
+	* spec/fetch_datetime8_spec.rb, spec/fetch_datetime_spec.rb,
+	  spec/fetch_time8_spec.rb, spec/fetch_time_spec.rb,
+	  spec/spec_helper.rb: Add tests for OCI8::BindType::DateTime and
+	    OCI8::BindType::Time.
+
+2009-09-13  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/lob.c, ext/oci8/oci8.h, test/test_clob.rb: Change
+	    OCI8::LOB#write to accept an object which is not a String and
+	    doesn't respond to 'to_str' as IO#write does.
+	    (requested by Christopher Jones)
+
+2009-09-12  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/extconf.rb, lib/oci8.rb.in: Fixed for ruby 1.9.2 preview1.
+	    (pointed by Raimonds Simanovskis)
+
+2009-09-12  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/oraconf.rb: Fixed to compile for AIX instant clients.
+	    (reported by Kazuya Teramoto)
+
+2009-06-09  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/oci8lib.c: Change the initial polling interval of
+	    non-blocking mode for ruby 1.8 from 100 msec to 10 msec, which
+	    is same with ruby-oci8 1.0.
+	* ext/oci8/oci8.c: Change the default setting of non-blocking mode
+	    for ruby 1.9 to true. Revise rdoc comments.
+
+2009-06-07  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/oci8.c: revise rdoc comments.
+
+2009-06-05  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* Makefile: check rdoc version when making rdoc documentation.
+	    The rdoc version must be 2.4.
+	* ext/oci8/.document, ext/oci8/oci8.c, lib/.document,
+	  lib/oci8/.document, lib/oci8/oci8.rb: fix rdoc comments a bit.
+
+2009-05-24  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/object.c, lib/oci8/datetime.rb, lib/oci8/object.rb:
+	    add DATE datatype support in object types.
+
+2009-05-19  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/bind.c: delete OCI8::BindType::Fixnum.
+	* lib/oci8/compat.rb: add OCI8::BindType::Fixnum as an alias
+	    of OCI8::BindType::Integer.
+	* ext/oci8/extconf.rb: change extconf.rb's argument value of
+	    '--with-oracle-version' to accept dotted version such as
+	    '9.2.0.'
+	* ext/oci8/oraconf.rb: When extconf.rb fails and it is run
+	    by sudo command, change the error message to notice that
+	    'sudo' may unset environment variables.
+
+2009-05-18  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
+	* ext/oci8/oci8.c: revise rdoc comments for OCI8#ping and
+	    OCI8#client_identifier=. Add OCI8#module=, OCI8#action= and
+	    OCI8#client_info.
+	* test/test_appinfo.rb: add test cases for OCI8#module=,
+	    OCI8#action= and OCI8#client_info.
+
 2009-05-17  KUBO Takehiro  <kubo@jiubao.org>
 	* NEWS: add changes between 2.0.1 and 2.0.2.
 	* VERSION: change version to 2.0.2.

data/Makefile

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 VERSION = `cat VERSION`
 RUBY = ruby -w
+RDOC = rdoc
 
 all: build
 
@@ -30,10 +31,16 @@ format_c_source:
 	astyle --options=none --style=linux --indent=spaces=4 --brackets=linux --suffix=none ext/oci8/*.[ch]
 
 # internal use only
-.PHONY: rdoc
+.PHONY: rdoc check-rdoc-version run-rdoc
 
-rdoc:
-	$(RUBY) custom-rdoc.rb -o rdoc -U README ext/oci8 lib
+rdoc: check-rdoc-version run-rdoc
+
+check-rdoc-version:
+	@echo check rdoc version
+	@expr match "`$(RDOC) --version`" '^rdoc 2\.4' > /dev/null || (echo 'rdoc version is not 2.4.'; exit 1)
+
+run-rdoc:
+	TZ= $(RDOC) -o rdoc -c us-ascii --threads=1 -W http://ruby-oci8.rubyforge.org/svn/trunk/ruby-oci8/ ext/oci8 lib
 
 dist:
 	-rm -rf ruby-oci8-$(VERSION)
@@ -52,7 +59,7 @@ dist-check: dist
 #
 RUBY_18 = c:\ruby
 RUBY_191 = c:\ruby-1.9.1
-GEMPKG = ruby-oci8-2.0.2-x86-mswin32-60.gem
+GEMPKG = ruby-oci8-2.0.3-x86-mswin32-60.gem
 
 ext\oci8\oci8lib_18.so:
 	$(RUBY_18)\bin\ruby -r fileutils -e "FileUtils.rm_rf('ruby18')"

data/NEWS

@@ -1,3 +1,129 @@
+2.0.3:
+
+* Imcompatible Changes
+
+  - Number column in a SQL statement
+
+    Changes the default data type for number column which fit neither
+    Integer nor Float from OraNumber to BigDecimal.
+
+      conn.exec("select 1.0 from dual") do |row|
+        p row[0] # => BigDecimal("1") if the ruby-oci8 version is 2.0.3.
+                 # => OraNumber(1) if the version is 2.0.2.
+      end
+
+  - Priority of OraNumber within numerical types
+
+    The return types of basic arithmetic operations with other numerical
+    types are changed.
+
+    2.0.3:
+      OraNumber + Integer    => OraNumber  (OraNumber wins.)
+      OraNumber + Float      => Float      (OraNumber loses.)
+      OraNumber + Rational   => Rational   (OraNumber loses.)
+      OraNumber + BigDecimal => BigDecimal (OraNumber loses.)
+
+    2.0.2:
+      OraNumber + Integer    => OraNumber  (OraNumber wins always.)
+      OraNumber + Float      => OraNumber
+      OraNumber + Rational   => OraNumber
+      OraNumber + BigDecimal => OraNumber
+
+  - Interval day to second
+
+    The retrived value of Oracle data type "interval day to second"
+    was changed from the number of days as a Rational to the number
+    of seconds as a Float by default.
+    Use OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS.unit = :day to make it compatible
+    with the previous versions.
+
+      conn.exec("select to_dsinterval('0 00:00:01') from dual") do |row|
+        p row[0] # => 1.0 if the version is 2.0.3 and
+                 #    OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS.unit is :second.
+                 # => (1/86400) if the version is 2.0.3 and
+		 #    OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS.unit is :day or
+		 #    the version is 2.0.2.
+      end
+
+  - Date, timestamp, timestamp with time zone data types and ruby 1.9.2
+
+    These data types are retrived always as Time values when the
+    ruby version is 1.9.2 because the Time class is enhanced to
+    represent any time zone and is free from year 2038 problem.
+
+    Prior to ruby 1.9.2, if the time cannot be represented by
+    Unix time or the time zone is neither utc nor local, they are
+    retrived as DateTime values.
+
+  - Non-blocking mode and ruby 1.9
+
+    non-blocking mode is enabled by default when the ruby is 1.9.
+
+* New Features
+
+  - BigDecimal and Rational are availabe as bind values.
+
+  - New methods OCI8#module=, OCI8#action= and OCI8#client_info= are added.
+
+    These methods change the module name, the action name and the client_info
+    in the current session respectively.
+
+    After Oracle 10g client, these don't perform network round trips.
+    The change is reflected to the server by the next round trip such as
+    OCI8#exec, OCI8#ping, etc.
+
+    Prior to Oracle 10g client, these call PL/SQL functions such as
+    DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_MODULE, DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_ACTION,
+    and DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_CLIENT_INFO internally.
+    The change is reflected immediately by a network round trip.
+
+  - OCI8::BindType.default_timezone
+
+    The default time zone of Time or DateTime values.
+    This parameter is used only when
+    (1) date values are fetched and the Oracle client version is 8.x
+    or
+    (2) object types have date data type attributes.
+
+    Note that if the Oracle client version is 9i or upper, the time
+    zone is determined by the session time zone. The default value
+    is local time zone. You can change it to GMT by executing the
+    following SQL statement for each connection.
+
+       alter session set time_zone = '00:00'
+
+* Other specification changes
+
+  - Add a global function OraNumber(obj) as a shortcut of OraNumber.new(obj)
+    as Rational and BigDecimal do.
+
+  - Fix to accept nil attribute in object type's
+    constructors. This works only for simple data types such as number,
+    string. But it doesn't for complex types such as object types.
+    (requested by Remi Gagnon)
+
+  - add DATE datatype support in object types.
+
+  - Change OCI8::LOB#write to accept an object which is not a String and
+    doesn't respond to 'to_str' as IO#write does.
+    (requested by Christopher Jones)
+
+  - Change the initial polling interval of
+    non-blocking mode for ruby 1.8 from 100 msec to 10 msec, which
+    is same with ruby-oci8 1.0.
+
+* Fixed installation issues.
+
+  - Fix oraconf.rb for ruby 1.8.5 with Oracle 8.x which needs some object
+    files to link with.
+    (reported by Jayson Cena)
+
+  - Fix oraconf.rb for ruby 1.9.2 preview1.
+    (pointed by Raimonds Simanovskis)
+
+  - Fix oraconf.rb to compile for AIX instant clients.
+    (reported by Kazuya Teramoto)
+
 2.0.2:
 
 * add new methods

data/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-2.0.2
+2.0.3

data/lib/.document

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 oci8
-oci8.rb

data/lib/oci8.rb

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /cygwin/
 end
 
 case RUBY_VERSION
-when /^1\.9\.1/
+when /^1\.9/
   require 'oci8lib_191'
 when /^1\.8/
   require 'oci8lib_18'
@@ -77,6 +77,6 @@ require 'oci8/compat.rb'
 require 'oci8/object.rb'
 
 class OCI8
-  VERSION = '2.0.2'
+  VERSION = '2.0.3'
   CLIENT_VERSION = '1020'
 end

data/lib/oci8.rb.in

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /cygwin/
 end
 
 case RUBY_VERSION
-when /^1\.9\.1/
+when /^1\.9/
   require 'oci8lib_191'
 when /^1\.8/
   require 'oci8lib_18'

data/lib/oci8/.document

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-oci8.rb
+datetime.rb
 object.rb
 metadata.rb
 oracle_version.rb
-
+oci8.rb

data/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb

@@ -24,6 +24,28 @@ class OCI8
       end
     end
 
+    class BigDecimal < OCI8::BindType::OraNumber
+      @@bigdecimal_is_required = false
+      def get()
+        unless @@bigdecimal_is_required
+          require 'bigdecimal'
+          @@bigdecimal_is_required = true
+        end
+        (val = super()) && val.to_d
+      end
+    end
+
+    class Rational < OCI8::BindType::OraNumber
+      @@rational_is_required = false
+      def get()
+        unless @@rational_is_required
+          require 'rational'
+          @@rational_is_required = true
+        end
+        (val = super()) && val.to_r
+      end
+    end
+
     # get/set Number (for OCI8::SQLT_NUM)
     class Number
       def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size)
@@ -54,8 +76,8 @@ class OCI8
           if precision < 15 # the precision of double.
             klass = OCI8::BindType::Float
           else
-            # use BigDecimal instead?
-            klass = OCI8::BindType::OraNumber
+            # use BigDecimal instead
+            klass = OCI8::BindType::BigDecimal
           end
         end
         klass.new(con, val, nil, max_array_size)
@@ -156,6 +178,8 @@ end
 # bind or explicitly define
 OCI8::BindType::Mapping[String]       = OCI8::BindType::String
 OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OraNumber]    = OCI8::BindType::OraNumber
+OCI8::BindType::Mapping['BigDecimal'] = OCI8::BindType::BigDecimal
+OCI8::BindType::Mapping['Rational']   = OCI8::BindType::Rational
 OCI8::BindType::Mapping[Fixnum]       = OCI8::BindType::Integer
 OCI8::BindType::Mapping[Float]        = OCI8::BindType::Float
 OCI8::BindType::Mapping[Integer]      = OCI8::BindType::Integer
@@ -263,9 +287,9 @@ OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number] = OCI8::BindType::Number
 # datatypes that have no explicit setting of their precision
 # and scale.
 #
-# The default mapping is Float for ruby-oci8 1.0. It is OraNumber
-# for ruby-oci8 2.0.
-OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_unknown_prec] = OCI8::BindType::OraNumber
+# The default mapping is Float for ruby-oci8 1.0, OraNumber for 2.0.0 ~ 2.0.2,
+# BigDecimal for 2.0.3 ~.
+OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_unknown_prec] = OCI8::BindType::BigDecimal
 
 # mapping for number without precision and scale.
 #
@@ -276,9 +300,9 @@ OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_unknown_prec] = OCI8::BindType::OraNumber
 # note: This is available only on Oracle 9.2.0.3 or above.
 # see:  Oracle 9.2.0.x Patch Set Notes.
 #
-# The default mapping is Float for ruby-oci8 1.0. It is OraNumber
-# for ruby-oci8 2.0.
-OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_no_prec_setting] = OCI8::BindType::OraNumber
+# The default mapping is Float for ruby-oci8 1.0, OraNumber for 2.0.0 ~ 2.0.2,
+# BigDecimal for 2.0.3 ~.
+OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_no_prec_setting] = OCI8::BindType::BigDecimal
 
 if defined? OCI8::BindType::BinaryDouble
   OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:binary_float] = OCI8::BindType::BinaryDouble

data/lib/oci8/compat.rb

@@ -105,4 +105,9 @@ class OCI8
     # add alias compatible with 'Oracle7 Module for Ruby'.
     alias getColNames get_col_names
   end
+
+  module BindType
+    # alias to Integer for compatibility with ruby-oci8 1.0.
+    Fixnum = Integer
+  end
 end

data/lib/oci8/datetime.rb

@@ -4,23 +4,44 @@ class OCI8
 
   module BindType
 
+    # call-seq:
+    #   OCI8::BindType.default_timezone -> :local or :utc
+    #
+    # Returns the default time zone when using Oracle 8.x client.
+    # The value is unused when using Oracle 9i or upper client.
+    #
+    # See also: OCI8::BindType::Time
+    def self.default_timezone
+      OCI8::BindType::Util.default_timezone
+    end
+
+    # call-seq:
+    #   OCI8::BindType.default_timezone = :local or :utc
+    #
+    # Sets the default time zone when using Oracle 8.x client.
+    # The value is unused when using Oracle 9i or upper client.
+    #
+    # See also: OCI8::BindType::Time
+    def self.default_timezone=(tz)
+      OCI8::BindType::Util.default_timezone = tz
+    end
+
     module Util # :nodoc:
 
       @@datetime_fsec_base = (1 / ::DateTime.parse('0001-01-01 00:00:00.000000001').sec_fraction).to_i
-      @@time_offset = ::Time.now.utc_offset
-      @@datetime_offset = ::DateTime.now.offset
 
       @@default_timezone = :local
+      begin
+        Time.new(2001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, '+00:00')
+        @@time_new_accepts_timezone = true  # after ruby 1.9.2
+      rescue ArgumentError
+        @@time_new_accepts_timezone = false # prior to ruby 1.9.2
+      end
+
       def self.default_timezone
         @@default_timezone
       end
 
-      # Determines default timezone of Time and DateTime retrived from Oracle.
-      # This accepts :local or :utc. The default is :local.
-      #
-      # This parameter is used when both or either of Oracle server and client
-      # version is Oracle 8i or lower. If both versions are Oracle 9i or upper,
-      # the default timezone is determined by the session timezone.
       def self.default_timezone=(tz)
         if tz != :local and tz != :utc
           raise ArgumentError, "expected :local or :utc but #{tz}"
@@ -31,6 +52,8 @@ class OCI8
       private
 
       def datetime_to_array(val, full)
+        return nil if val.nil?
+
         # year
         year = val.year
         # month
@@ -100,9 +123,16 @@ class OCI8
       end
 
       def ocidate_to_datetime(ary)
+        return nil if ary.nil?
+
         year, month, day, hour, minute, sec = ary
         if @@default_timezone == :local
-          offset = @@datetime_offset
+          if ::DateTime.respond_to? :local_offset
+            offset = ::DateTime.local_offset # Use a method defined by active support.
+          else
+            # Do as active support does.
+            offset = ::Time.local(2007).utc_offset.to_r / 86400
+          end
         else
           offset = 0
         end
@@ -110,8 +140,10 @@ class OCI8
       end
 
       def ocidate_to_time(ary)
+        return nil if ary.nil?
+
         year, month, day, hour, minute, sec = ary
-        if year >= 139
+        if @@time_new_accepts_timezone || year >= 139 || year < 0
           begin
             return ::Time.send(@@default_timezone, year, month, day, hour, minute, sec)
           rescue StandardError
@@ -123,6 +155,8 @@ class OCI8
       if OCI8.oracle_client_version >= ORAVER_9_0
 
         def ocitimestamp_to_datetime(ary)
+          return nil if ary.nil?
+
           year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, fsec, tz_hour, tz_min = ary
           if sec >= 59 and fsec != 0
             # convert to a DateTime via a String as a last resort.
@@ -143,168 +177,159 @@ class OCI8
           end
         end
 
-        def ocitimestamp_to_time(ary)
-          year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, fsec, tz_hour, tz_min = ary
+        if @@time_new_accepts_timezone
+
+          # after ruby 1.9.2
+          def ocitimestamp_to_time(ary)
+            return nil if ary.nil?
 
-          if tz_hour == 0 and tz_min == 0
-            timezone = :utc
-          elsif @@time_offset == tz_hour * 3600 + tz_min * 60
-            timezone = :local
+            year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, fsec, tz_hour, tz_min = ary
+
+            sec += fsec / Rational(1000000000)
+            utc_offset = tz_hour * 3600 + tz_min * 60
+            return ::Time.new(year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, utc_offset)
           end
-          if timezone and year >= 139
-            begin
-              # Ruby 1.9 Time class's resolution is nanosecond.
-              # But the last argument type is millisecond.
-              # 'fsec' is converted to a Float to pass sub-millisecond part.
-              return ::Time.send(timezone, year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, fsec / 1000.0)
-            rescue StandardError
+
+        else
+
+          # prior to ruby 1.9.2
+          def ocitimestamp_to_time(ary)
+            return nil if ary.nil?
+
+            year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, fsec, tz_hour, tz_min = ary
+
+            if year >= 139 || year < 0
+              begin
+                if tz_hour == 0 and tz_min == 0
+                  return ::Time.utc(year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, fsec / Rational(1000))
+                else
+                  tm = ::Time.local(year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, fsec / Rational(1000))
+                  return tm if tm.utc_offset == tz_hour * 3600 + tz_min * 60
+                end
+              rescue StandardError
+              end
             end
+            ocitimestamp_to_datetime(ary)
           end
-          ocitimestamp_to_datetime(ary)
+
         end
       end
     end
 
-    class DateTimeViaOCIDate < OCI8::BindType::OCIDate
+    class DateTimeViaOCIDate < OCI8::BindType::OCIDate # :nodoc:
       include OCI8::BindType::Util
 
       def set(val) # :nodoc:
-        val &&= datetime_to_array(val, false)
-        super(val)
+        super(datetime_to_array(val, false))
       end
 
       def get() # :nodoc:
-        val = super()
-        val ? ocidate_to_datetime(val) : nil
+        ocidate_to_datetime(super())
       end
     end
 
-    class TimeViaOCIDate < OCI8::BindType::OCIDate
+    class TimeViaOCIDate < OCI8::BindType::OCIDate # :nodoc:
       include OCI8::BindType::Util
 
       def set(val) # :nodoc:
-        val &&= datetime_to_array(val, false)
-        super(val)
+        super(datetime_to_array(val, false))
       end
 
       def get() # :nodoc:
-        val = super()
-        val ? ocidate_to_time(val) : nil
+        ocidate_to_time(super())
       end
     end
 
     if OCI8.oracle_client_version >= ORAVER_9_0
-      class DateTimeViaOCITimestamp < OCI8::BindType::OCITimestamp
+      class DateTimeViaOCITimestamp < OCI8::BindType::OCITimestamp # :nodoc:
         include OCI8::BindType::Util
 
         def set(val) # :nodoc:
-          val &&= datetime_to_array(val, true)
-          super(val)
+          super(datetime_to_array(val, true))
         end
 
         def get() # :nodoc:
-          val = super()
-          val ? ocitimestamp_to_datetime(val) : nil
+          ocitimestamp_to_datetime(super())
         end
       end
 
-      class TimeViaOCITimestamp < OCI8::BindType::OCITimestamp
+      class TimeViaOCITimestamp < OCI8::BindType::OCITimestamp # :nodoc:
         include OCI8::BindType::Util
 
         def set(val) # :nodoc:
-          val &&= datetime_to_array(val, true)
-          super(val)
+          super(datetime_to_array(val, true))
         end
 
         def get() # :nodoc:
-          val = super()
-          val ? ocitimestamp_to_time(val) : nil
+          ocitimestamp_to_time(super())
         end
       end
     end
 
-
     #--
     # OCI8::BindType::DateTime
     #++
-    # This is a helper class to bind ruby's
-    # DateTime[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/DateTime.html]
-    # object as Oracle's <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</tt> datatype.
+    # This is a helper class to select or bind Oracle data types such as
+    # <tt>DATE</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</tt>
+    # and <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE</tt>. The retrieved value
+    # is a \DateTime.
+    #
+    # === How to select \DataTime values.
+    #
+    # <tt>DATE</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</tt>
+    # and <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE</tt> are selected as a \Time
+    # by default. You change the behaviour by explicitly calling
+    # OCI8::Cursor#define as follows:
+    #
+    #   cursor = conn.parse("SELECT hiredate FROM emp")
+    #   cursor.define(1, nil, DateTime)
+    #   cursor.exec()
+    #
+    # Otherwise, you can change the default mapping for all queries.
     #
-    # == Select
+    #   # Changes the mapping for DATE
+    #   OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_DAT] = OCI8::BindType::DateTime
+    #   
+    #   # Changes the mapping for TIMESTAMP
+    #   OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_TIMESTAMP] = OCI8::BindType::DateTime
+    #   
+    #   # Changes the mapping for TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
+    #   OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_TIMESTAMP_TZ] = OCI8::BindType::DateTime
+    #   
+    #   # Changes the mapping for TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE
+    #   OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_TIMESTAMP_LTZ] = OCI8::BindType::DateTime
     #
-    # The fetched value for a <tt>DATE</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH
-    # TIME ZONE</tt> or <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE</tt> column
-    # is a DateTime[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/DateTime.html].
-    # The time zone part is a session time zone if the Oracle datatype doesn't
-    # have time zone information. The session time zone is the client machine's
-    # time zone by default.
+    # === Note for default time zone
     #
-    # You can change the session time zone by executing the following SQL.
+    # The retrieved value's time zone is determined by the session time zone
+    # if its data type is <tt>DATE</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP</tt> or <tt>TIMESTAMP
+    # WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE</tt>.
+    #
+    # The session time zone is same with local machine's by default.
+    # It is changed by the following SQL.
     #
     #   ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE='-05:00'
     #
-    # == Bind
-    #
-    # To bind a DateTime[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/DateTime.html]
-    # value implicitly:
-    #
-    #   conn.exec("INSERT INTO lunar_landings(ship_name, landing_time) VALUES(:1, :2)",
-    #             'Apollo 11',
-    #             DateTime.parse('1969-7-20 20:17:40 00:00'))
-    #
-    # The bind variable <code>:2</code> is bound as <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</tt> on Oracle.
-    #
-    # To bind explicitly:
-    #
-    #   cursor = conn.exec("INSERT INTO lunar_landings(ship_name, landing_time) VALUES(:1, :2)")
-    #   cursor.bind_param(':1', nil, String, 60)
-    #   cursor.bind_param(':2', nil, DateTime)
-    #   [['Apollo 11', DateTime.parse('1969-07-20 20:17:40 00:00'))],
-    #    ['Apollo 12', DateTime.parse('1969-11-19 06:54:35 00:00'))],
-    #    ['Apollo 14', DateTime.parse('1971-02-05 09:18:11 00:00'))],
-    #    ['Apollo 15', DateTime.parse('1971-07-30 22:16:29 00:00'))],
-    #    ['Apollo 16', DateTime.parse('1972-04-21 02:23:35 00:00'))],
-    #    ['Apollo 17', DateTime.parse('1972-12-11 19:54:57 00:00'))]
-    #   ].each do |ship_name, landing_time|
-    #     cursor[':1'] = ship_name
-    #     cursor[':2'] = landing_time
-    #     cursor.exec
-    #   end
-    #   cursor.close
-    #
-    # On setting a object to the bind variable, you can use any object
-    # which has at least three instance methods _year_, _mon_ (or _month_)
-    # and _mday_ (or _day_). If the object responses to _hour_, _min_,
-    # _sec_ or _sec_fraction_, the responsed values are used for hour,
-    # minute, second or fraction of a second respectively.
-    # If not, zeros are set. If the object responses to _offset_ or
-    # _utc_offset_, it is used for time zone. If not, the session time
-    # zone is used.
-    #
-    # The acceptable value are listed below.
-    # _year_:: -4712 to 9999 [excluding year 0]
-    # _mon_ (or _month_):: 0 to 12
-    # _mday_ (or _day_):: 0 to 31 [depends on the month]
-    # _hour_:: 0 to 23
-    # _min_:: 0 to 59
-    # _sec_:: 0 to 59
-    # _sec_fraction_:: 0 to (999_999_999.to_r / (24*60*60* 1_000_000_000)) [999,999,999 nanoseconds]
-    # _offset_:: (-12.to_r / 24) to (14.to_r / 24) [-12:00 to +14:00]
-    # _utc_offset_:: -12*3600 <= utc_offset <= 24*3600 [-12:00 to +14:00]
-    #
-    # The output value of the bind varible is always a
-    # DateTime[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/DateTime.html].
-    #
-    #   cursor = conn.exec("BEGIN :ts := current_timestamp; END")
-    #   cursor.bind_param(:ts, nil, DateTime)
-    #   cursor.exec
-    #   cursor[:ts] # => a DateTime.
-    #   cursor.close
+    # === Note for Oracle 8.x client
+    #
+    # Timestamp data types and session time zone are new features in
+    # Oracle 9i. This class is available only to fetch or bind <tt>DATE</tt>
+    # when using Oracle 8.x client.
+    #
+    # The retrieved value's time zone is determined not by the session
+    # time zone, but by the OCI8::BindType.default_timezone
+    # The time zone can be changed as follows:
+    #
+    #  OCI8::BindType.default_timezone = :local
+    #  # or
+    #  OCI8::BindType.default_timezone = :utc
+    #
+    # If you are in the regions where daylight saving time is adopted,
+    # you should use OCI8::BindType::Time.
     #
     class DateTime
       if OCI8.oracle_client_version >= ORAVER_9_0
-        def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size)
+        def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size) # :nodoc:
           if true # TODO: check Oracle server version
             DateTimeViaOCITimestamp.new(con, val, param, max_array_size)
           else
@@ -312,15 +337,78 @@ class OCI8
           end
         end
       else
-        def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size)
+        def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size) # :nodoc:
           DateTimeViaOCIDate.new(con, val, param, max_array_size)
         end
       end
     end
 
+    #--
+    # OCI8::BindType::Time
+    #++
+    # This is a helper class to select or bind Oracle data types such as
+    # <tt>DATE</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</tt>
+    # and <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE</tt>. The retrieved value
+    # is a \Time.
+    #
+    # === How to select \Time values.
+    #
+    # <tt>DATE</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</tt>
+    # and <tt>TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE</tt> are selected as a \Time
+    # by default. If the default behaviour is changed, you can select it
+    # as a \Time by explicitly calling OCI8::Cursor#define as follows:
+    #
+    #   cursor = conn.parse("SELECT hiredate FROM emp")
+    #   cursor.define(1, nil, Time)
+    #   cursor.exec()
+    #
+    # === Note for ruby prior to 1.9.2
+    #
+    # If the retrieved value cannot be represented by \Time, it become
+    # a \DateTime. The fallback is done only when the ruby is before 1.9.2
+    # and one of the following conditions are met.
+    # - The timezone part is neither local nor utc.
+    # - The time is out of the time_t[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_t].
+    #
+    # If the retrieved value has the precision of fractional second more
+    # than 6, the fractional second is truncated to microsecond, which
+    # is the precision of standard \Time class.
+    #
+    # To avoid this fractional second truncation:
+    # - Upgrade to ruby 1.9.2, whose \Time precision is nanosecond.
+    # - Otherwise, change the defalt mapping to use \DateTime as follows.
+    #    OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_TIMESTAMP] = OCI8::BindType::DateTime
+    #    OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_TIMESTAMP_TZ] = OCI8::BindType::DateTime
+    #    OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_TIMESTAMP_LTZ] = OCI8::BindType::DateTime
+    #
+    # === Note for default time zone
+    #
+    # The retrieved value's time zone is determined by the session time zone
+    # if its data type is <tt>DATE</tt>, <tt>TIMESTAMP</tt> or <tt>TIMESTAMP
+    # WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE</tt>.
+    #
+    # The session time zone is same with local machine's by default.
+    # It is changed by the following SQL.
+    #
+    #   ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE='-05:00'
+    #
+    # === Note for Oracle 8.x client
+    #
+    # Timestamp data types and session time zone are new features in
+    # Oracle 9i. This class is available only to fetch or bind <tt>DATE</tt>
+    # when using Oracle 8.x client.
+    #
+    # The retrieved value's time zone is determined not by the session
+    # time zone, but by the OCI8::BindType.default_timezone
+    # The time zone can be changed as follows:
+    #
+    #  OCI8::BindType.default_timezone = :local
+    #  # or
+    #  OCI8::BindType.default_timezone = :utc
+    #
     class Time
       if OCI8.oracle_client_version >= ORAVER_9_0
-        def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size)
+        def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size) # :nodoc:
           if true # TODO: check Oracle server version
             TimeViaOCITimestamp.new(con, val, param, max_array_size)
           else
@@ -328,7 +416,7 @@ class OCI8
           end
         end
       else
-        def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size)
+        def self.create(con, val, param, max_array_size) # :nodoc:
           TimeViaOCIDate.new(con, val, param, max_array_size)
         end
       end
@@ -339,20 +427,26 @@ class OCI8
       # OCI8::BindType::IntervalYM
       #++
       #
-      # This is a helper class to bind ruby's
-      # Integer[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Integer.html]
-      # object as Oracle's <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt> datatype.
+      # This is a helper class to select or bind Oracle data type
+      # <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt>. The retrieved value is
+      # the number of months between two timestamps.
+      #
+      # The value can be applied to \DateTime#>> to shift months.
+      # It can be applied to \Time#months_since if activisupport has
+      # been loaded.
+      #
+      # === How to select <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt>
       #
-      # == Select
+      # <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt> is selected as an Integer.
       #
-      # The fetched value for a <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt> column
-      # is an Integer[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Integer.html]
-      # which means the months between two timestamps.
+      #   conn.exec("select (current_timestamp - hiredate) year to month from emp") do |hired_months|
+      #     puts "hired_months = #{hired_months}"
+      #   end
       #
-      # == Bind
+      # == How to bind <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt>
       #
-      # You cannot bind as <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt> implicitly.
-      # It must be bound explicitly with :interval_ym.
+      # You cannot bind a bind variable as <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt> implicitly.
+      # It must be bound explicitly by OCI8::Cursor#bind_param.
       #
       #   # output bind variable
       #   cursor = conn.parse(<<-EOS)
@@ -399,51 +493,43 @@ class OCI8
       # OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS
       #++
       #
-      # This is a helper class to bind ruby's
-      # Rational[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Rational.html]
-      # object as Oracle's <tt>INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND</tt> datatype.
+      # (new in 2.0)
       #
-      # == Select
+      # This is a helper class to select or bind Oracle data type
+      # <tt>INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND</tt>. The retrieved value is
+      # the number of seconds between two typestamps as a \Float.
       #
-      # The fetched value for a <tt>INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND</tt> column
-      # is a Rational[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Rational.html]
-      # or an Integer[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Integer.html].
-      # The value is usable to apply to
-      # DateTime[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/DateTime.html]#+ and
-      # DateTime[http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/DateTime.html]#-.
+      # Note that it is the number days as a \Rational if
+      # OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS.unit is :day or the ruby-oci8
+      # version is prior to 2.0.3.
       #
-      # == Bind
+      # == How to bind <tt>INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND</tt>
       #
-      # You cannot bind as <tt>INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</tt> implicitly.
-      # It must be bound explicitly with :interval_ds.
+      # You cannot bind a bind variable as <tt>INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND</tt>
+      # implicitly. It must be bound explicitly by OCI8::Cursor#bind_param.
       #
-      #   # output
-      #   ts1 = DateTime.parse('1969-11-19 06:54:35 00:00')
-      #   ts2 = DateTime.parse('1969-07-20 20:17:40 00:00')
+      #   # output bind variable
       #   cursor = conn.parse(<<-EOS)
       #     BEGIN
-      #       :itv := (:ts1 - :ts2) DAY TO SECOND;
+      #       :interval := (:ts1 - :ts2) DAY TO SECOND(9);
       #     END;
       #   EOS
-      #   cursor.bind_param(:itv, nil, :interval_ds)
-      #   cursor.bind_param(:ts1, ts1)
-      #   cursor.bind_param(:ts2, ts2)
+      #   cursor.bind_param(:interval, nil, :interval_ds)
+      #   cursor.bind_param(:ts1, DateTime.parse('1969-11-19 06:54:35 00:00'))
+      #   cursor.bind_param(:ts2, DateTime.parse('1969-07-20 20:17:40 00:00'))
       #   cursor.exec
-      #   cursor[:itv] # == ts1 - ts2
+      #   cursor[:interval] # => 10492615.0 seconds
       #   cursor.close
       #
-      #   # input
-      #   ts2 = DateTime.parse('1969-07-20 20:17:40 00:00')
-      #   itv = 121 + 10.to_r/24 + 36.to_r/(24*60) + 55.to_r/(24*60*60)
-      #   # 121 days, 10 hours,    36 minutes,       55 seconds
+      #   # input bind variable
       #   cursor = conn.parse(<<-EOS)
       #     BEGIN
-      #       :ts1 := :ts2 + :itv;
+      #       :ts1 := :ts2 + :interval;
       #     END;
       #   EOS
       #   cursor.bind_param(:ts1, nil, DateTime)
-      #   cursor.bind_param(:ts2, ts2)
-      #   cursor.bind_param(:itv, itv, :interval_ds)
+      #   cursor.bind_param(:ts2, DateTime.parse('1969-07-20 20:17:40 00:00'))
+      #   cursor.bind_param(:interval, 10492615.0, :interval_ds)
       #   cursor.exec
       #   cursor[:ts1].strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # => 1969-11-19 06:54:35
       #   cursor.close
@@ -453,6 +539,32 @@ class OCI8
         @@minute = @@hour / 60
         @@sec = @@minute / 60
         @@fsec = @@sec / 1000000000
+        @@unit = :second
+
+        # call-seq:
+        #   OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS.unit -> :second or :day
+        #
+        # (new in 2.0.3)
+        #
+        # Retrieves the unit of interval.
+        def self.unit
+          @@unit
+        end
+
+        # call-seq:
+        #   OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS.unit = :second or :day
+        #
+        # (new in 2.0.3)
+        #
+        # Changes the unit of interval. :second is the default.
+        def self.unit=(val)
+          case val
+          when :second, :day
+            @@unit = val
+          else
+            raise 'unit should be :second or :day'
+          end
+        end
 
         def set(val) # :nodoc:
           unless val.nil?
@@ -462,10 +574,17 @@ class OCI8
             else
               is_minus = false
             end
-            day, val = val.divmod 1
-            hour, val = (val * 24).divmod 1
-            minute, val = (val * 60).divmod 1
-            sec, val = (val * 60).divmod 1
+            if @@unit == :second
+              day, val = val.divmod 86400
+              hour, val = val.divmod 3600
+              minute, val = val.divmod 60
+              sec, val = val.divmod 1
+            else
+              day, val = val.divmod 1
+              hour, val = (val * 24).divmod 1
+              minute, val = (val * 60).divmod 1
+              sec, val = (val * 60).divmod 1
+            end
             fsec, val = (val * 1000000000).divmod 1
             if is_minus
               day = - day
@@ -483,7 +602,12 @@ class OCI8
           val = super()
           return nil if val.nil?
           day, hour, minute, sec, fsec = val
-          day + (hour * @@hour) + (minute * @@minute) + (sec * @@sec) + (fsec * @@fsec)
+          if @@unit == :second
+            fsec = fsec / 1000000000.0
+            day * 86400 + hour * 3600 + minute * 60 + sec + fsec
+          else
+            day + (hour * @@hour) + (minute * @@minute) + (sec * @@sec) + (fsec * @@fsec)
+          end
         end
       end # OCI8::BindType::IntervalDS
     end