ruby-oci8 1.0.6-x86-mswin32-60

data/lib/oci8.rb.in

@@ -0,0 +1,1655 @@
+#   --*- ruby -*--
+# This is based on yoshidam's oracle.rb.
+#
+# sample one liner:
+#  ruby -r oci8 -e 'OCI8.new("scott", "tiger", nil).exec("select * from emp") do |r| puts r.join(","); end'
+#  # select all data from emp and print them as CVS format.
+
+if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /cygwin/
+  # Cygwin manages environment variables by itself.
+  # They don't synchroize with Win32's ones.
+  # This set some Oracle's environment variables to win32's enviroment.
+  require 'Win32API'
+  win32setenv = Win32API.new('Kernel32.dll', 'SetEnvironmentVariableA', 'PP', 'I')
+  ['NLS_LANG', 'ORA_NLS10', 'ORA_NLS32', 'ORA_NLS33', 'ORACLE_BASE', 'ORACLE_HOME', 'ORACLE_SID', 'TNS_ADMIN', 'LOCAL'].each do |name|
+    val = ENV[name]
+    win32setenv.call(name, val && val.dup)
+  end
+end
+
+require 'oci8lib'
+require 'date'
+require 'thread'
+
+class OCIBreak < OCIException
+  def initialize(errstr = "Canceled by user request.")
+    super(errstr)
+  end
+end
+
+class OCIDefine # :nodoc:
+  # define handle of OCILobLocator needs @env and @svc.
+  def set_handle(env, svc, ctx) 
+    @env = env
+    @svc = svc
+    @ctx = ctx
+  end
+end
+
+class OCIBind # :nodoc:
+  # define handle of OCILobLocator needs @env and @svc.
+  def set_handle(env, svc, ctx)
+    @env = env
+    @svc = svc
+    @ctx = ctx
+  end
+end
+
+class OCI8
+  @@error_in_initialization = nil
+  begin
+    OCIEnv.initialise(OCI_OBJECT)
+    @@env = OCIEnv.init()
+  rescue OCIError
+    # don't raise this error at this time.
+    @@error_in_initialization = $!
+  end
+
+  VERSION = '@@OCI8_MODULE_VERSION@@'
+  CLIENT_VERSION = '@@OCI8_CLIENT_VERSION@@'
+  # :stopdoc:
+  RAW = OCI_TYPECODE_RAW
+  STMT_SELECT = OCI_STMT_SELECT
+  STMT_UPDATE = OCI_STMT_UPDATE
+  STMT_DELETE = OCI_STMT_DELETE
+  STMT_INSERT = OCI_STMT_INSERT
+  STMT_CREATE = OCI_STMT_CREATE
+  STMT_DROP = OCI_STMT_DROP
+  STMT_ALTER = OCI_STMT_ALTER
+  STMT_BEGIN = OCI_STMT_BEGIN
+  STMT_DECLARE = OCI_STMT_DECLARE
+  # :startdoc:
+
+  # sql type (varchar, varchar2)
+  SQLT_CHR = 1
+  # sql type (number, double precision, float, real, numeric, int, integer, smallint)
+  SQLT_NUM = 2
+  # sql type (long)
+  SQLT_LNG = 8
+  # sql type (date)
+  SQLT_DAT = 12
+  # sql type (raw)
+  SQLT_BIN = 23
+  # sql type (long raw)
+  SQLT_LBI = 24
+  # sql type (char)
+  SQLT_AFC = 96
+  # sql type (binary_float)
+  SQLT_IBFLOAT = 100
+  # sql type (binary_double)
+  SQLT_IBDOUBLE = 101
+  # sql type (rowid)
+  SQLT_RDD = 104
+  # sql type (clob)
+  SQLT_CLOB = 112
+  # sql type (blob)
+  SQLT_BLOB = 113
+  # sql type (bfile)
+  SQLT_BFILE = 114
+  # sql type (result set)
+  SQLT_RSET = 116
+  # sql type (timestamp), not supported yet.
+  #
+  # If you want to fetch a timestamp before native timestamp data type
+  # will be supported, fetch data as an OraDate by adding the following
+  # code to your code.
+  #   OCI8::BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_TIMESTAMP] = OCI8::BindType::OraDate
+  SQLT_TIMESTAMP = 187
+  # sql type (timestamp with time zone), not supported yet
+  SQLT_TIMESTAMP_TZ = 188
+  # sql type (interval year to month), not supported yet
+  SQLT_INTERVAL_YM = 189
+  # sql type (interval day to second), not supported yet
+  SQLT_INTERVAL_DS = 190
+  # sql type (timestamp with local time zone), not supported yet
+  SQLT_TIMESTAMP_LTZ = 232
+
+  # charset form
+  SQLCS_IMPLICIT = 1
+  SQLCS_NCHAR = 2
+
+  # mapping of sql type number to sql type name.
+  SQLT_NAMES = {}
+  constants.each do |name|
+    next if name.index("SQLT_") != 0
+    val = const_get name.intern
+    if val.is_a? Fixnum
+      SQLT_NAMES[val] = name
+    end
+  end
+
+  module Util # :nodoc:
+    CTX_EXECFLAG = 0
+    CTX_MUTEX = 1
+    CTX_THREAD = 2
+    CTX_LONG_READ_LEN = 3
+
+    def do_ocicall(ctx)
+      sleep_time = 0.01
+      ctx[CTX_MUTEX].lock
+      ctx[CTX_THREAD] = Thread.current
+      begin
+        yield
+      rescue OCIStillExecuting # non-blocking mode
+        ctx[CTX_MUTEX].unlock
+        sleep(sleep_time)
+        ctx[CTX_MUTEX].lock
+        if ctx[CTX_THREAD].nil?
+          raise OCIBreak
+        end
+        # expand sleep time to prevent busy loop.
+        sleep_time *= 2 if sleep_time < 0.5
+        retry
+      ensure
+        ctx[CTX_THREAD] = nil
+        ctx[CTX_MUTEX].unlock
+      end
+    end # do_ocicall
+  end
+  include Util
+
+  def parse_connect_string(connstr)
+    if connstr !~ /^([^(\s|\@)]*)\/([^(\s|\@)]*)(?:\@(\S+))?(?:\s+as\s+(\S*)\s*)?$/i
+      raise ArgumentError, %Q{invalid connect string "#{connstr}" (expect "username/password[@(tns_name|//host[:port]/service_name)][ as (sysdba|sysoper)]")}
+    end
+    uid, pswd, conn, privilege = $1, $2, $3, $4
+    case privilege.upcase
+    when 'SYSDBA'
+      privilege = :SYSDBA
+    when 'SYSOPER'
+      privilege = :SYSOPER
+    end if privilege
+    if uid.length == 0 && pswd.length == 0
+      # external credential
+      uid = nil
+      pswd = nil
+    end
+    return uid, pswd, conn, privilege
+  end
+  private :parse_connect_string
+
+  def initialize(*args)
+    raise @@error_in_initialization if @@error_in_initialization
+    case args.length
+    when 1
+      uid, pswd, conn, privilege = parse_connect_string(args[0])
+    when 2, 3, 4
+      uid, pswd, conn, privilege = *args
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments (#{args.length} for 1..4)"
+    end
+    case privilege
+    when nil
+      @privilege = nil
+    when :SYSDBA
+      @privilege = OCI_SYSDBA
+    when :SYSOPER
+      @privilege = OCI_SYSOPER
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "invalid privilege name #{privilege} (expect :SYSDBA, :SYSOPER or nil)"
+    end
+
+    @prefetch_rows = nil
+    @ctx = [0, Mutex.new, nil, 65535]
+    if @privilege or (uid.nil? and pswd.nil?)
+      @svc = @@env.alloc(OCISvcCtx)
+      @srv = @@env.alloc(OCIServer)
+      @auth = @@env.alloc(OCISession)
+      @privilege ||= OCI_DEFAULT
+
+      if uid.nil? and pswd.nil?
+        # external credential
+        cred = OCI_CRED_EXT
+      else
+        # RDBMS credential
+        cred = OCI_CRED_RDBMS
+        @auth.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, uid)
+        @auth.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, pswd)
+      end
+      do_ocicall(@ctx) { @srv.attach(conn) }
+      begin
+        @svc.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_SERVER, @srv)
+        do_ocicall(@ctx) { @auth.begin(@svc, cred, @privilege) }
+        @svc.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_SESSION, @auth)
+      rescue
+        @srv.detach()
+        raise
+      end
+    else
+      @svc = @@env.logon(uid, pswd, conn)
+    end
+    @svc.instance_variable_set(:@env, @@env)
+  end # initialize
+
+  def logoff
+    rollback()
+    if @privilege
+      do_ocicall(@ctx) { @auth.end(@svc) }
+      do_ocicall(@ctx) { @srv.detach() }
+    else
+      @svc.logoff
+    end
+    @svc.free()
+    true
+  end # logoff
+
+  def exec(sql, *bindvars)
+    cursor = OCI8::Cursor.new(@@env, @svc, @ctx)
+    cursor.prefetch_rows = @prefetch_rows if @prefetch_rows
+    cursor.parse(sql)
+    if cursor.type == OCI_STMT_SELECT && ! block_given?
+      cursor.exec(*bindvars)
+      cursor
+    else
+      begin
+        ret = cursor.exec(*bindvars)
+        case cursor.type
+        when OCI_STMT_SELECT
+          cursor.fetch { |row| yield(row) }   # for each row
+          cursor.row_count()
+        when OCI_STMT_BEGIN, OCI_STMT_DECLARE # PL/SQL block
+          ary = []
+          cursor.keys.sort.each do |key|
+            ary << cursor[key]
+          end
+          ary
+        else
+          ret
+        end
+      ensure
+        cursor.close
+      end
+    end
+  end # exec
+
+  def parse(sql)
+    cursor = OCI8::Cursor.new(@@env, @svc, @ctx)
+    cursor.prefetch_rows = @prefetch_rows if @prefetch_rows
+    cursor.parse(sql)
+    cursor
+  end # parse
+
+  def commit
+    do_ocicall(@ctx) { @svc.commit }
+    self
+  end # commit
+
+  def rollback
+    do_ocicall(@ctx) { @svc.rollback }
+    self
+  end # rollback
+
+  def autocommit?
+    (@ctx[CTX_EXECFLAG] & OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS) == OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS
+  end # autocommit?
+
+  # add alias compatible with 'Oracle7 Module for Ruby'.
+  alias autocommit autocommit?
+
+  def autocommit=(ac)
+    if ac
+      commit()
+      @ctx[CTX_EXECFLAG] |= OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS
+    else
+      @ctx[CTX_EXECFLAG] &= ~OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS
+    end
+    ac
+  end # autocommit=
+
+  def prefetch_rows=(rows)
+    @prefetch_rows = rows
+  end
+
+  def non_blocking?
+    @svc.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NONBLOCKING_MODE)
+  end # non_blocking?
+
+  def non_blocking=(nb)
+    if (nb ? true : false) != non_blocking?
+      # If the argument and the current status are different,
+      # toggle blocking / non-blocking.
+      @srv = @svc.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_SERVER) unless @srv
+      @srv.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_NONBLOCKING_MODE, nil)
+    end
+  end # non_blocking=
+
+  def break
+    @ctx[CTX_MUTEX].synchronize do
+      @svc.break()
+      unless @ctx[CTX_THREAD].nil?
+        @ctx[CTX_THREAD].wakeup()
+        @ctx[CTX_THREAD] = nil
+        if @svc.respond_to?("reset")
+          begin
+            @svc.reset()
+          rescue OCIError
+            raise if $!.code != 1013 # ORA-01013
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end # break
+
+  def long_read_len
+    @ctx[OCI8::Util::CTX_LONG_READ_LEN]
+  end
+
+  def long_read_len=(len)
+    @ctx[OCI8::Util::CTX_LONG_READ_LEN] = len
+  end
+
+  def describe_table(table_name)
+    desc = @@env.alloc(OCIDescribe)
+    desc.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_DESC_PUBLIC, -1)
+    do_ocicall(@ctx) { desc.describeAny(@svc, table_name.to_s, OCI_PTYPE_UNK) }
+    param = desc.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PARAM)
+
+    case param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PTYPE)
+    when OCI_PTYPE_TABLE
+      OCI8::Metadata::Table.new(param)
+    when OCI_PTYPE_VIEW
+      OCI8::Metadata::View.new(param)
+    when OCI_PTYPE_SYN
+      schema_name = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME)
+      name = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NAME)
+      link = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_LINK)
+      if link.length != 0
+        translated_name = schema_name + '.' + name + '@' + link
+      else
+        translated_name = schema_name + '.' + name
+      end
+      describe_table(translated_name)
+    else
+      raise OCIError.new("ORA-04043: object #{table_name} does not exist", 4043)
+    end
+  end
+
+  module BindType
+    # get/set String
+    String = Object.new
+    class << String
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [OCI8::SQLT_CHR, val, length || (val.nil? ? nil : val.length)]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set RAW
+    RAW = Object.new
+    class << RAW
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [OCI8::SQLT_BIN, val, length || (val.nil? ? nil : val.length)]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set OraDate
+    OraDate = Object.new
+    class << OraDate
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [OCI8::SQLT_DAT, val, nil]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set Time
+    Time = Object.new
+    class << Time
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [OCI8::SQLT_DAT, val, nil]
+      end
+      def decorate(b)
+        def b.set(val)
+          super(val && ::OraDate.new(val.year, val.mon, val.mday, val.hour, val.min, val.sec))
+        end
+        def b.get()
+          (val = super()) && val.to_time
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set Date
+    Date = Object.new
+    class << Date
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [OCI8::SQLT_DAT, val, nil]
+      end
+      def decorate(b)
+        def b.set(val)
+          super(val && ::OraDate.new(val.year, val.mon, val.mday))
+        end
+        def b.get()
+          (val = super()) && val.to_date
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if defined? ::DateTime # ruby 1.8.0 or upper
+      # get/set DateTime 
+      DateTime = Object.new
+      class << DateTime
+        def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+          [OCI8::SQLT_DAT, val, nil]
+        end
+        def decorate(b)
+          def b.set(val)
+            super(val && ::OraDate.new(val.year, val.mon, val.mday, val.hour, val.min, val.sec))
+          end
+          def b.get()
+            (val = super()) && val.to_datetime
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set Float
+    Float = Object.new
+    class << Float
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [::Float, val, nil]
+      end
+    end
+
+    if defined? OCI_TYPECODE_BDOUBLE
+      BinaryDouble = Object.new
+      class << BinaryDouble
+        def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+          [SQLT_IBDOUBLE, val, nil]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set Fixnum
+    Fixnum = Object.new
+    class << Fixnum
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [::Fixnum, val, nil]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set Integer
+    Integer = Object.new
+    class << Integer
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [::Integer, val, nil]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set OraNumber
+    OraNumber = Object.new
+    class << OraNumber
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [::OraNumber, val, nil]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set Number (for OCI8::SQLT_NUM)
+    Number = Object.new
+    class << Number
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        if scale == -127
+          if precision == 0
+            # NUMBER declared without its scale and precision. (Oracle 9.2.0.3 or above)
+            ::OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_no_prec_setting].fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+          else
+            # FLOAT or FLOAT(p)
+            [::Float, val, nil]
+          end
+        elsif scale == 0
+          if precision == 0
+            # NUMBER whose scale and precision is unknown
+            # or
+            # NUMBER declared without its scale and precision. (Oracle 9.2.0.2 or below)
+            ::OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_unknown_prec].fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+          elsif precision <= 9
+            # NUMBER(p, 0); p is less than or equals to the precision of Fixnum
+            [::Fixnum, val, nil]
+          else
+            # NUMBER(p, 0); p is greater than the precision of Fixnum
+            [::Integer, val, nil]
+          end
+        else
+          # NUMBER(p, s)
+          if precision < 15 # the precision of double.
+            [::Float, val, nil]
+          else
+            # use BigDecimal instead?
+            [::OraNumber, val, nil]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set OCIRowid
+    OCIRowid = Object.new
+    class << OCIRowid
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [OCI8::SQLT_RDD, nil, val]
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set BLOB
+    BLOB = Object.new
+    class << BLOB
+      def check_type(val)
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument: #{val.class} (expect OCI8::BLOB)" unless val.is_a? OCI8::BLOB
+      end
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        unless val.nil?
+          check_type(val)
+          val = val.instance_variable_get(:@locator)
+        end
+        [OCI8::SQLT_BLOB, nil, val]
+      end
+      def decorate(b)
+        def b.set(val)
+          check_type(val)
+          val = val.instance_variable_get(:@locator)
+          super(val)
+        end
+        def b.get()
+          (val = super()) && OCI8::BLOB.new(@svc, val.clone(@svc))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set CLOB
+    CLOB = Object.new
+    class << CLOB
+      def check_type(val)
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument: #{val.class} (expect OCI8::CLOB)" unless val.is_a? OCI8::CLOB
+      end
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        unless val.nil?
+          check_type(val)
+          val = val.instance_variable_get(:@locator)
+        end
+        [OCI8::SQLT_CLOB, nil, val]
+      end
+      def decorate(b)
+        def b.set(val)
+          check_type(val)
+          val = val.instance_variable_get(:@locator)
+          super(val)
+        end
+        def b.get()
+          (val = super()) && OCI8::CLOB.new(@svc, val.clone(@svc))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set NCLOB
+    NCLOB = Object.new
+    class << NCLOB
+      def check_type(val)
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument: #{val.class} (expect OCI8::NCLOB)" unless val.is_a? OCI8::NCLOB
+      end
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        unless val.nil?
+          check_type(val)
+          val = val.instance_variable_get(:@locator)
+        end
+        [OCI8::SQLT_CLOB, nil, val]
+      end
+      def decorate(b)
+        b.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM, SQLCS_NCHAR)
+        def b.set(val)
+          check_type(val)
+          val = val.instance_variable_get(:@locator)
+          super(val)
+        end
+        def b.get()
+          (val = super()) && OCI8::NCLOB.new(@svc, val.clone(@svc))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get/set BFILE
+    BFILE = Object.new
+    class << BFILE
+      def check_type(val)
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument: #{val.class} (expect OCI8::BFILE)" unless val.is_a? OCI8::BFILE
+      end
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        unless val.nil?
+          check_type(val)
+          val = val.instance_variable_get(:@locator)
+        end
+        [OCI8::SQLT_BFILE, nil, val]
+      end
+      def decorate(b)
+        def b.set(val)
+          check_type(val)
+          val = val.instance_variable_get(:@locator)
+          super(val)
+        end
+        def b.get()
+          (val = super()) && OCI8::BFILE.new(@svc, val.clone(@svc))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # get Cursor
+    Cursor = Object.new
+    class << Cursor
+      def fix_type(env, val, length, precision, scale)
+        [OCI8::SQLT_RSET, nil, val]
+      end
+      def decorate(b)
+        def b.get()
+          (val = super()) && OCI8::Cursor.new(@env, @svc, @ctx, val)
+        end
+        def b.pre_fetch_hook()
+          set(@env.alloc(OCIStmt))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    Mapping = {}
+  end # BindType
+
+  class Cursor
+
+    include OCI8::Util
+
+    # for backward compatibility
+    def self.select_number_as=(val) # :nodoc:
+      if val == ::Fixnum
+        bind_type = ::OCI8::BindType::Fixnum
+      elsif val == ::Integer
+        bind_type = ::OCI8::BindType::Integer
+      elsif val == ::Float
+        bind_type = ::OCI8::BindType::Float
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "must be Fixnum, Integer or Float"
+      end
+      ::OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_unknown_prec] = bind_type
+    end
+
+    # for backward compatibility
+    def self.select_number_as # :nodoc:
+      ::OCI8::BindType::Mapping[:number_unknown_prec].fix_type(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)[0]
+    end
+
+    def initialize(env, svc, ctx, stmt = nil)
+      if Process.pid != svc.pid
+        raise "The connection cannot be reused in the forked process."
+      end
+      @env = env
+      @svc = svc
+      @ctx = ctx
+      @binds = nil
+      @parms = []
+      @defns = nil
+      if stmt.nil?
+        @stmt = @env.alloc(OCIStmt)
+        @stmttype = nil
+      else
+        @stmt = stmt
+        @stmttype = @stmt.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE)
+        define_columns()
+      end
+    end # initialize
+
+    def parse(sql)
+      free_binds()
+      @parms = []
+      @stmt.prepare(sql)
+      @stmttype = do_ocicall(@ctx) { @stmt.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE) }
+    end # parse
+
+    def define(pos, type, length = nil)
+      @defns = [] if @defns.nil?
+      if type == String and length.nil?
+        length = 4000
+      end
+      b = bind_or_define(:define, pos, nil, type, length, nil, nil, false)
+      @defns[pos].free() unless @defns[pos].nil?
+      @defns[pos] = b
+      self
+    end # define
+
+    def bind_param(key, val, type = nil, length = nil)
+      @binds = {} if @binds.nil?
+      b = bind_or_define(:bind, key, val, type, length, nil, nil, false)
+      @binds[key].free() unless @binds[key].nil?
+      @binds[key] = b
+      self
+    end # bind_param
+
+    # get bind value
+    def [](key)
+      if @binds.nil? or @binds[key].nil?
+        return nil 
+      end
+      @binds[key].get()
+    end
+
+    # set bind value
+    def []=(key, val)
+      if @binds.nil? or @binds[key].nil?
+        return nil 
+      end
+      @binds[key].set(val)
+    end
+
+    # get bind keys
+    def keys
+      if @binds.nil?
+        []
+      else
+        @binds.keys
+      end
+    end
+
+    def exec(*bindvars)
+      bind_params(*bindvars)
+      case @stmttype
+      when OCI_STMT_SELECT
+        do_ocicall(@ctx) { @stmt.execute(@svc, 0, OCI_DEFAULT) }
+        define_columns()
+      else
+        do_ocicall(@ctx) { @stmt.execute(@svc, 1, @ctx[CTX_EXECFLAG]) }
+        @stmt.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_ROW_COUNT)
+      end
+    end # exec
+
+    def type
+      @stmttype
+    end
+
+    def row_count
+      @stmt.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_ROW_COUNT)
+    end
+
+    def get_col_names
+      @parms.collect do |p|
+        do_ocicall(@ctx) { p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NAME) }
+      end
+    end # get_col_names
+
+    # add alias compatible with 'Oracle7 Module for Ruby'.
+    alias getColNames get_col_names
+
+    def column_metadata
+      @parms.collect do |p|
+        OCI8::Metadata::Column.new(p)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def fetch
+      if iterator?
+        while ret = fetch_a_row()
+          yield(ret)
+        end
+      else
+        fetch_a_row()
+      end
+    end # fetch
+
+    def fetch_hash
+      if iterator?
+        while ret = fetch_a_hash_row()
+          yield(ret)
+        end
+      else
+        fetch_a_hash_row
+      end
+    end # fetch_hash
+
+    def close
+      @env = nil
+      @svc = nil
+      free_defns()
+      free_binds()
+      @stmt.free()
+      @parms = nil
+      @stmttype = nil
+    end # close
+
+    # Get the rowid of the last inserted/updated/deleted row.
+    def rowid
+      # get the binary rowid
+      rid = @stmt.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_ROWID)
+      # convert it to a string rowid.
+      if rid.respond_to? :to_s
+        # (Oracle 9.0 or upper)
+        rid.to_s
+      else
+        # (Oracle 8.1 or lower)
+        stmt = @env.alloc(OCIStmt)
+        stmt.prepare('begin :1 := :2; end;')
+        b = stmt.bindByPos(1, OCI8::SQLT_CHR, 64)
+        stmt.bindByPos(2, OCI8::SQLT_RDD, rid)
+        do_ocicall(@ctx) { stmt.execute(@svc, 1, OCI_DEFAULT) }
+        str_rid = b.get()
+        stmt.free()
+        str_rid
+      end
+    end
+
+    def prefetch_rows=(rows)
+      @stmt.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_PREFETCH_ROWS, rows)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def bind_or_define(bind_type, key, val, type, length, precision, scale, strict_check)
+      if type.nil?
+        if val.nil?
+          raise "bind type is not given." if type.nil?
+        else
+          if val.class == Class
+            type = val
+            val = nil
+          else
+            type = val.class
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      binder = OCI8::BindType::Mapping[type]
+      if binder
+        type, val, option = binder.fix_type(@env, val, length, precision, scale)
+      else
+        if strict_check
+          raise "unsupported datatype: #{SQLT_NAMES[type] ? SQLT_NAMES[type] : type}"
+        else
+          option = length
+        end
+      end
+
+      case bind_type
+      when :bind
+        if key.is_a? Fixnum
+          b = @stmt.bindByPos(key, type, option)
+        else
+          b = @stmt.bindByName(key, type, option)
+        end
+      when :define
+        b = @stmt.defineByPos(key, type, option)
+      end
+      b.set_handle(@env, @svc, @ctx)
+
+      if binder && binder.respond_to?(:decorate)
+        # decorate the bind handle.
+        binder.decorate(b)
+      end
+
+      b.set(val) unless val.nil?
+      b
+    end # bind_or_define
+
+    def define_columns
+      num_cols = @stmt.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PARAM_COUNT)
+      1.upto(num_cols) do |i|
+        @parms[i - 1] = @stmt.paramGet(i)
+      end
+      @defns = Array.new(@parms.size) if @defns.nil?
+      1.upto(num_cols) do |i|
+        @defns[i] = define_a_column(i) if @defns[i].nil?
+      end
+      num_cols
+    end # define_columns
+
+    def define_a_column(i)
+      p = @parms[i - 1]
+      datatype = do_ocicall(@ctx) { p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE) }
+      datasize = do_ocicall(@ctx) { p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE) }
+      precision = do_ocicall(@ctx) { p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PRECISION) }
+      scale = do_ocicall(@ctx) { p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_SCALE) }
+      csfrm = nil
+
+      case datatype
+      when SQLT_CHR, SQLT_AFC
+        # character size may become large on character set conversion.
+        # The length of a half-width kana is one in Shift_JIS, two in EUC-JP,
+        # three in UTF-8.
+        datasize *= 3
+      when SQLT_LNG, SQLT_LBI
+        datasize = @ctx[OCI8::Util::CTX_LONG_READ_LEN]
+      when SQLT_CLOB
+        datatype = :nclob if p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM) == SQLCS_NCHAR
+      when SQLT_BIN
+        datasize *= 2 if OCI8::BindType::Mapping[datatype] == OCI8::BindType::String
+      when SQLT_RDD
+        datasize = 64
+      end
+
+      bind_or_define(:define, i, nil, datatype, datasize, precision, scale, true)
+    end # define_a_column
+
+    def bind_params(*bindvars)
+      bindvars.each_with_index do |val, i|
+        if val.is_a? Array
+          bind_param(i + 1, val[0], val[1], val[2])
+        else
+          bind_param(i + 1, val)
+        end
+      end
+    end # bind_params
+
+    def fetch_a_row
+      @defns.each do |d|
+        d.pre_fetch_hook if d.respond_to? :pre_fetch_hook
+      end
+      res = do_ocicall(@ctx) { @stmt.fetch() }
+      return nil if res.nil?
+      res.collect do |r| r.get() end
+    end # fetch_a_row
+
+    def fetch_a_hash_row
+      if rs = fetch_a_row()
+        ret = {}
+        @parms.each do |p|
+          ret[p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NAME)] = rs.shift
+        end
+        ret
+      else 
+        nil
+      end
+    end # fetch_a_hash_row
+
+    def free_defns
+      unless @defns.nil?
+        @defns.each do |b|
+          b.free() unless b.nil?
+        end
+      end
+      @defns = nil
+    end # free_defns
+
+    def free_binds
+      unless @binds.nil?
+        @binds.each_value do |b|
+          b.free()
+        end
+      end
+      @binds = nil
+    end # free_binds
+  end # OCI8::Cursor
+
+  class LOB
+    attr :pos
+    def initialize(svc, val)
+      svc = svc.instance_variable_get(:@svc) if svc.is_a? OCI8
+      raise "invalid argument" unless svc.is_a? OCISvcCtx
+      @env = svc.instance_variable_get(:@env)
+      @svc = svc
+      @csid = 0
+      @pos = 0
+      if val.is_a? OCILobLocator
+        @locator = val
+      else
+        @locator = @env.alloc(OCILobLocator)
+        @locator.create_temporary(@svc, @csid, @csfrm, @lobtype, false, nil)
+        val.nil? || write(val.to_s)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def available?
+      @locator.is_initialized?(@env)
+    end
+
+    def truncate(len)
+      raise "uninitialized LOB" unless available?
+      @locator.trim(@svc, len)
+      self
+    end
+
+    def read(readlen = nil)
+      rest = self.size - @pos
+      return nil if rest == 0 # eof.
+      if readlen.nil? or readlen > rest
+        readlen = rest # read until EOF.
+      end
+      begin
+        rv = @locator.read(@svc, @pos + 1, readlen, @csid, @csfrm)
+      rescue OCIError
+        raise if $!.code != 22289
+        # ORA-22289: cannot perform FILEREAD operation on an unopened file or LOB.
+        open
+        retry
+      end
+      @pos += readlen
+      rv
+    end
+
+    def write(data)
+      raise "uninitialized LOB" unless available?
+      size = @locator.write(@svc, @pos + 1, data, @csid, @csfrm)
+      @pos += size
+      size
+    end
+
+    def size
+      raise "uninitialized LOB" unless available?
+      begin
+        rv = @locator.getLength(@svc)
+      rescue OCIError
+        raise if $!.code != 22289
+        # ORA-22289: cannot perform FILEREAD operation on an unopened file or LOB.
+        open
+        retry
+      end
+      rv
+    end
+
+    def size=(len)
+      raise "uninitialized LOB" unless available?
+      @locator.trim(@svc, len)
+      len
+    end
+
+    def chunk_size # in bytes.
+      raise "uninitialized LOB" unless available?
+      @locator.getChunkSize(@svc)
+    end
+
+    def eof?
+      @pos == size
+    end
+
+    def tell
+      @pos
+    end
+
+    def seek(pos, whence = IO::SEEK_SET)
+      length = size
+      case whence
+      when IO::SEEK_SET
+        @pos = pos
+      when IO::SEEK_CUR
+        @pos += pos
+      when IO::SEEK_END
+        @pos = length + pos
+      end
+      @pos = length if @pos >= length
+      @pos = 0 if @pos < 0
+      self
+    end
+
+    def rewind
+      @pos = 0
+      self
+    end
+
+    def close
+      @locator.free()
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  class BLOB < LOB
+    def initialize(*arg)
+      @lobtype = 1
+      @csfrm = SQLCS_IMPLICIT
+      super(*arg)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class CLOB < LOB
+    def initialize(*arg)
+      @lobtype = 2
+      @csfrm = SQLCS_IMPLICIT
+      super(*arg)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class NCLOB < LOB
+    def initialize(*arg)
+      @lobtype = 2
+      @csfrm = SQLCS_NCHAR
+      super(*arg)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class BFILE < LOB
+    attr_reader :dir_alias
+    attr_reader :filename
+    def initialize(svc, locator)
+      raise "invalid argument" unless svc.is_a? OCISvcCtx
+      raise "invalid argument" unless locator.is_a? OCIFileLocator
+      @env = svc.instance_variable_get(:@env)
+      @svc = svc
+      @locator = locator
+      @pos = 0
+      @dir_alias, @filename = @locator.name(@env)
+    end
+
+    def dir_alias=(val)
+      @locator.set_name(@env, val, @filename)
+      @dir_alias = val
+    end
+
+    def filename=(val)
+      @locator.set_name(@env, @dir_alias, val)
+      @filename = val
+    end
+
+    def truncate(len)
+      raise RuntimeError, "cannot modify a read-only BFILE object"
+    end
+    def write(data)
+      raise RuntimeError, "cannot modify a read-only BFILE object"
+    end
+    def size=(len)
+      raise RuntimeError, "cannot modify a read-only BFILE object"
+    end
+
+    def open
+      begin
+        @locator.open(@svc, :file_readonly)
+      rescue OCIError
+        raise if $!.code != 22290
+        # ORA-22290: operation would exceed the maximum number of opened files or LOBs.
+        @svc.close_all_files
+        @locator.open(@svc, :file_readonly)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def exists?
+      @locator.exists?(@svc)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # bind or explicitly define
+  BindType::Mapping[::String]       = BindType::String
+  BindType::Mapping[::OCI8::RAW]    = BindType::RAW
+  BindType::Mapping[::OraDate]      = BindType::OraDate
+  BindType::Mapping[::Time]         = BindType::Time
+  BindType::Mapping[::Date]         = BindType::Date
+  BindType::Mapping[::DateTime]     = BindType::DateTime if defined? DateTime
+  BindType::Mapping[::OCIRowid]     = BindType::OCIRowid
+  BindType::Mapping[::OCI8::BLOB]   = BindType::BLOB
+  BindType::Mapping[::OCI8::CLOB]   = BindType::CLOB
+  BindType::Mapping[::OCI8::NCLOB]  = BindType::NCLOB
+  BindType::Mapping[::OCI8::BFILE]  = BindType::BFILE
+  BindType::Mapping[::OCI8::Cursor] = BindType::Cursor
+
+  # implicitly define
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # CHAR(1)       SQLT_AFC      1    0    0
+  # CHAR(10)      SQLT_AFC     10    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_AFC] = BindType::String
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # VARCHAR(1)    SQLT_CHR      1    0    0
+  # VARCHAR(10)   SQLT_CHR     10    0    0
+  # VARCHAR2(1)   SQLT_CHR      1    0    0
+  # VARCHAR2(10)  SQLT_CHR     10    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_CHR] = BindType::String
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # RAW(1)        SQLT_BIN      1    0    0
+  # RAW(10)       SQLT_BIN     10    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_BIN] = BindType::RAW
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # LONG          SQLT_LNG      0    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_LNG] = BindType::String
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # LONG RAW      SQLT_LBI      0    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_LBI] = BindType::RAW
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # CLOB          SQLT_CLOB  4000    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_CLOB] = BindType::CLOB
+  BindType::Mapping[:nclob] = BindType::NCLOB  # if OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM is SQLCS_NCHAR.
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # BLOB          SQLT_BLOB  4000    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_BLOB] = BindType::BLOB
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # BFILE         SQLT_BFILE  4000    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_BFILE] = BindType::BFILE
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # DATE          SQLT_DAT      7    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_DAT] = BindType::OraDate
+
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_TIMESTAMP] = BindType::OraDate
+
+  # datatype        type     size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # ROWID         SQLT_RDD      4    0    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_RDD] = BindType::String
+
+  # datatype           type     size prec scale
+  # -----------------------------------------------------
+  # FLOAT            SQLT_NUM     22  126 -127
+  # FLOAT(1)         SQLT_NUM     22    1 -127
+  # FLOAT(126)       SQLT_NUM     22  126 -127
+  # DOUBLE PRECISION SQLT_NUM     22  126 -127
+  # REAL             SQLT_NUM     22   63 -127
+  # calculated value SQLT_NUM     22    0    0
+  # NUMBER           SQLT_NUM     22    0    0 (Oracle 9.2.0.2 or below)
+  # NUMBER           SQLT_NUM     22    0 -127 (Oracle 9.2.0.3 or above)
+  # NUMBER(1)        SQLT_NUM     22    1    0
+  # NUMBER(38)       SQLT_NUM     22   38    0
+  # NUMBER(1, 0)     SQLT_NUM     22    1    0
+  # NUMBER(38, 0)    SQLT_NUM     22   38    0
+  # NUMERIC          SQLT_NUM     22   38    0
+  # INT              SQLT_NUM     22   38    0
+  # INTEGER          SQLT_NUM     22   38    0
+  # SMALLINT         SQLT_NUM     22   38    0
+  BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_NUM] = BindType::Number
+
+  # This parameter specify the ruby datatype for
+  # calculated number values whose precision is unknown in advance.
+  #   select col1 * 1.1 from tab1;
+  # For Oracle 9.2.0.2 or below, this is also used for NUMBER
+  # datatypes that have no explicit setting of their precision
+  # and scale.
+  BindType::Mapping[:number_unknown_prec] = BindType::Float
+
+  # This parameter specify the ruby datatype for NUMBER datatypes
+  # that have no explicit setting of their precision and scale.
+  #   create table tab1 (col1 number);
+  #   select col1 from tab1;
+  # note: This is available only on Oracle 9.2.0.3 or above.
+  # see:  Oracle 9.2.0.x Patch Set Notes.
+  BindType::Mapping[:number_no_prec_setting] = BindType::Float
+
+  # datatype         type       size prec scale
+  # -------------------------------------------------
+  # BINARY FLOAT   SQLT_IBFLOAT   4    0    0
+  # BINARY DOUBLE  SQLT_IBDOUBLE  8    0    0
+  if defined? BindType::BinaryDouble
+    BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_IBFLOAT] = BindType::BinaryDouble
+    BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_IBDOUBLE] = BindType::BinaryDouble
+  else
+    BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_IBFLOAT] = BindType::Float
+    BindType::Mapping[OCI8::SQLT_IBDOUBLE] = BindType::Float
+  end
+
+  # cursor in result set.
+  BindType::Mapping[SQLT_RSET] = BindType::Cursor
+end # OCI8
+
+class OraDate
+  def to_time
+    begin
+      Time.local(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)
+    rescue ArgumentError
+      msg = format("out of range of Time (expect between 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC and 2037-12-31 23:59:59, but %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s)", year, month, day, hour, minute, second, Time.at(0).zone)
+      raise RangeError.new(msg)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def to_date
+    Date.new(year, month, day)
+  end
+
+  if defined? DateTime # ruby 1.8.0 or upper
+    def to_datetime
+      DateTime.new(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def yaml_initialize(type, val) # :nodoc:
+    initialize(*val.split(/[ -\/:]+/).collect do |i| i.to_i end)
+  end
+
+  def to_yaml(opts = {}) # :nodoc:
+    YAML.quick_emit(object_id, opts) do |out|
+      out.scalar(taguri, self.to_s, :plain)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def to_json(options=nil) # :nodoc:
+    to_datetime.to_json(options)
+  end
+end
+
+class OraNumber
+  def yaml_initialize(type, val) # :nodoc:
+    initialize(val)
+  end
+
+  def to_yaml(opts = {}) # :nodoc:
+    YAML.quick_emit(object_id, opts) do |out|
+      out.scalar(taguri, self.to_s, :plain)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def to_json(options=nil) # :nodoc:
+    to_s
+  end
+end
+
+
+#
+# OCI8::Metadata::Column
+#
+class OCI8
+  module Metadata
+
+    # Abstract super class for Metadata classes.
+    class Base
+      # This class's code was copied from svn trunk whick will be ruby-oci8 2.0.
+
+      # SQLT values to name
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP = {} # :nodoc:
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP = {} # :nodoc:
+
+      # SQLT_CHR
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[1] = :varchar2
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[1] = Proc.new do |p|
+        if p.charset_form == :nchar
+          "NVARCHAR2(#{p.char_size})"
+        else
+          if (p.respond_to? :char_used?) && (p.char_used?)
+            "VARCHAR2(#{p.char_size} CHAR)"
+          else
+            "VARCHAR2(#{p.data_size})"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_NUM
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[2] = :number
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[2] = Proc.new do |p|
+        begin
+          case p.scale
+          when -127
+            case p.precision
+            when 0
+              "NUMBER"
+            when 126
+              "FLOAT"
+            else
+              "FLOAT(#{p.precision})"
+            end
+          when 0
+            case p.precision
+            when 0
+              "NUMBER"
+            else
+              "NUMBER(#{p.precision})"
+            end
+          else
+            "NUMBER(#{p.precision},#{p.scale})"
+          end
+        rescue OCIError
+          "NUMBER"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_LNG
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[8] = :long
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[8] = "LONG"
+
+      # SQLT_DAT
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[12] = :date
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[12] = "DATE"
+
+      # SQLT_BIN
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[23] = :raw
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[23] = Proc.new do |p|
+        "RAW(#{p.data_size})"
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_LBI
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[24] = :long_raw
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[24] = "LONG RAW"
+
+      # SQLT_AFC
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[96] = :char
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[96] = Proc.new do |p|
+        if p.charset_form == :nchar
+          "NCHAR(#{p.char_size})"
+        else
+          if (p.respond_to? :char_used?) && (p.char_used?)
+            "CHAR(#{p.char_size} CHAR)"
+          else
+            "CHAR(#{p.data_size})"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_IBFLOAT
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[100] = :binary_float
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[100] = "BINARY_FLOAT"
+
+      # SQLT_IBDOUBLE
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[101] = :binary_double
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[101] = "BINARY_DOUBLE"
+
+      # SQLT_RDD
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[104] = :rowid
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[104] = "ROWID"
+
+      # SQLT_NTY
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[108] = :named_type
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[108] = "Object"
+
+      # SQLT_REF
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[110] = :ref
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[110] = "REF"
+
+      # SQLT_CLOB
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[112] = :clob
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[112] = Proc.new do |p|
+        if p.charset_form == :nchar
+          "NCLOB"
+        else
+          "CLOB"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_BLOB
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[113] = :blob
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[113] = "BLOB"
+
+      # SQLT_BFILE
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[114] = :bfile
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[114] = "BFILE"
+
+      # SQLT_TIMESTAMP
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[187] = :timestamp
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[187] = Proc.new do |p|
+        fsprecision = p.fsprecision
+        if fsprecision == 6
+          "TIMESTAMP"
+        else
+          "TIMESTAMP(#{fsprecision})"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_TIMESTAMP_TZ
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[188] = :timestamp_tz
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[188] = Proc.new do |p|
+        fsprecision = p.fsprecision
+        if fsprecision == 6
+          "TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE"
+        else
+          "TIMESTAMP(#{fsprecision}) WITH TIME ZONE"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_INTERVAL_YM
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[189] = :interval_ym
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[189] = Proc.new do |p|
+        lfprecision = p.lfprecision
+        if lfprecision == 2
+          "INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH"
+        else
+          "INTERVAL YEAR(#{lfprecision}) TO MONTH"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_INTERVAL_DS
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[190] = :interval_ds
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[190] = Proc.new do |p|
+        lfprecision = p.lfprecision
+        fsprecision = p.fsprecision
+        if lfprecision == 2 && fsprecision == 6
+          "INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND"
+        else
+          "INTERVAL DAY(#{lfprecision}) TO SECOND(#{fsprecision})"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SQLT_TIMESTAMP_LTZ
+      DATA_TYPE_MAP[232] = :timestamp_ltz
+      TYPE_PROC_MAP[232] = Proc.new do |p|
+        fsprecision = p.fsprecision
+        if fsprecision == 6
+          "TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE"
+        else
+          "TIMESTAMP(#{fsprecision}) WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def inspect # :nodoc:
+        "#<#{self.class.name}:(#{@obj_id}) #{@obj_schema}.#{@obj_name}>"
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def __data_type(p)
+        DATA_TYPE_MAP[p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE)] || p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE)
+      end
+
+      def __type_string(p)
+        type = TYPE_PROC_MAP[p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE)] || "unknown(#{p.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE)})"
+        type = type.call(self) if type.is_a? Proc
+        if respond_to?(:nullable?) && !nullable?
+          type + " NOT NULL"
+        else
+          type
+        end
+      end
+
+      def initialize_table_or_view(param)
+        @num_cols = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NUM_COLS)
+        @obj_id = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_ID)
+        @obj_name = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_NAME)
+        @obj_schema = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_SCHEMA)
+        colparam = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_LIST_COLUMNS)
+        @columns = []
+        1.upto @num_cols do |i|
+          @columns << OCI8::Metadata::Column.new(colparam.paramGet(i))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    class Table < Base
+      attr_reader :num_cols
+      attr_reader :obj_name
+      attr_reader :obj_schema
+      attr_reader :columns
+
+      def initialize(param)
+        initialize_table_or_view(param)
+      end
+    end
+
+    class View < Base
+      attr_reader :num_cols
+      attr_reader :obj_name
+      attr_reader :obj_schema
+      attr_reader :columns
+
+      def initialize(param)
+        initialize_table_or_view(param)
+      end
+    end
+
+    class Column < Base
+      attr_reader :name
+      attr_reader :type_string
+      attr_reader :data_type
+      attr_reader :charset_form
+      def nullable?; @nullable; end
+
+      # string data type
+      def char_used?; @char_used; end if defined? OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED
+      attr_reader :char_size if defined? OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE
+      attr_reader :data_size
+      attr_reader :charset_id
+
+      # number data type
+      attr_reader :precision
+      attr_reader :scale
+
+      # interval
+      if defined? OCI_ATTR_FSPRECISION and defined? OCI_ATTR_LFPRECISION
+        # Oracle 8i or upper has OCI_ATTR_FSPRECISION and OCI_ATTR_LFPRECISION
+        @@is_fsprecision_available = true
+      else
+        @@is_fsprecision_available = false
+      end
+      attr_reader :fsprecision
+      attr_reader :lfprecision
+
+      def initialize(param)
+        @name = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NAME)
+        @data_type = __data_type(param)
+
+        @data_size = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE)
+        @char_used = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED) if defined? OCI_ATTR_CHAR_USED
+        @char_size = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE) if defined? OCI_ATTR_CHAR_SIZE
+
+        @precision = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PRECISION)
+        @scale = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_SCALE)
+        @nullable = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_IS_NULL)
+        @charset_id = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID)
+        @charset_form = case param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM)
+                        when 0: nil
+                        when 1; :implicit
+                        when 2; :nchar
+                        when 3; :explicit
+                        when 4; :flexible
+                        when 5; :lit_null
+                        else raise "unknown charset_form #{param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_FORM)}"
+                        end
+
+        @fsprecision = nil
+        @lfprecision = nil
+        if @@is_fsprecision_available
+          begin
+            @fsprecision = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_FSPRECISION)
+            @lfprecision = param.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_LFPRECISION)
+          rescue OCIError
+            raise if $!.code != 24316 # ORA-24316: illegal handle type
+            # Oracle 8i could not use OCI_ATTR_FSPRECISION and
+            # OCI_ATTR_LFPRECISION even though it defines these
+            # constants in oci.h.
+            @@is_fsprecision_available = false
+          end
+        end
+
+        @type_string = __type_string(param)
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        %Q{"#{@name}" #{@type_string}}
+      end
+
+      def inspect # :nodoc:
+        "#<#{self.class.name}: #{@name} #{@type_string}>"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end