ruby-macho 2.0.0 → 2.5.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/README.md

@@ -13,6 +13,14 @@ The [Mach-O file format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach-O) is used by macOS
 and iOS (among others) as a general purpose binary format for object files,
 executables, dynamic libraries, and so forth.
 
+### Installation
+
+ruby-macho can be installed via RubyGems:
+
+```bash
+$ gem install ruby-macho
+```
+
 ### Documentation
 
 Full documentation is available on [RubyDoc](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/ruby-macho/).
@@ -46,7 +54,6 @@ puts lc_vers.version_string # => "10.10.0"
 
 ### What needs to be done?
 
-* Documentation.
 * Unit and performance testing.
 
 Attribution:

data/lib/macho.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "open3"
+
 require_relative "macho/structure"
 require_relative "macho/view"
 require_relative "macho/headers"
@@ -12,7 +16,7 @@ require_relative "macho/tools"
 # The primary namespace for ruby-macho.
 module MachO
   # release version
-  VERSION = "2.0.0".freeze
+  VERSION = "2.5.0"
 
   # Opens the given filename as a MachOFile or FatFile, depending on its magic.
   # @param filename [String] the file being opened
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ module MachO
     raise ArgumentError, "#{filename}: no such file" unless File.file?(filename)
     raise TruncatedFileError unless File.stat(filename).size >= 4
 
-    magic = File.open(filename, "rb") { |f| f.read(4) }.unpack("N").first
+    magic = File.open(filename, "rb") { |f| f.read(4) }.unpack1("N")
 
     if Utils.fat_magic?(magic)
       file = FatFile.new(filename)
@@ -37,4 +41,21 @@ module MachO
 
     file
   end
+
+  # Signs the dylib using an ad-hoc identity.
+  # Necessary after making any changes to a dylib, since otherwise
+  # changing a signed file invalidates its signature.
+  # @param filename [String] the file being opened
+  # @return [void]
+  # @raise [ModificationError] if the operation fails
+  def self.codesign!(filename)
+    raise ArgumentError, "codesign binary is not available on Linux" if RUBY_PLATFORM !~ /darwin/
+    raise ArgumentError, "#{filename}: no such file" unless File.file?(filename)
+
+    _, _, status = Open3.capture3("codesign", "--sign", "-", "--force",
+                                  "--preserve-metadata=entitlements,requirements,flags,runtime",
+                                  filename)
+
+    raise CodeSigningError, "#{filename}: signing failed!" unless status.success?
+  end
 end

data/lib/macho/exceptions.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module MachO
   # A generic Mach-O error in execution.
   class MachOError < RuntimeError
@@ -7,6 +9,11 @@ module MachO
   class ModificationError < MachOError
   end
 
+  # Raised when codesigning fails. Certain environments
+  # may want to rescue this to treat it as non-fatal.
+  class CodeSigningError < MachOError
+  end
+
   # Raised when a Mach-O file modification fails but can be recovered when
   # operating on multiple Mach-O slices of a fat binary in non-strict mode.
   class RecoverableModificationError < ModificationError
@@ -25,10 +32,6 @@ module MachO
 
   # Raised when a file is not a Mach-O.
   class NotAMachOError < MachOError
-    # @param error [String] the error in question
-    def initialize(error)
-      super error
-    end
   end
 
   # Raised when a file is too short to be a valid Mach-O file.
@@ -41,8 +44,8 @@ module MachO
   # Raised when a file's magic bytes are not valid Mach-O magic.
   class MagicError < NotAMachOError
     # @param num [Integer] the unknown number
-    def initialize(num)
-      super "Unrecognized Mach-O magic: 0x#{"%02x" % num}"
+    def initialize(magic)
+      super "Unrecognized Mach-O magic: 0x%02<magic>x" % { :magic => magic }
     end
   end
 
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ module MachO
   class CPUTypeError < MachOError
     # @param cputype [Integer] the unknown CPU type
     def initialize(cputype)
-      super "Unrecognized CPU type: 0x#{"%08x" % cputype}"
+      super "Unrecognized CPU type: 0x%08<cputype>x" % { :cputype => cputype }
     end
   end
 
@@ -80,8 +83,8 @@ module MachO
     # @param cputype [Integer] the CPU type of the unknown pair
     # @param cpusubtype [Integer] the CPU sub-type of the unknown pair
     def initialize(cputype, cpusubtype)
-      super "Unrecognized CPU sub-type: 0x#{"%08x" % cpusubtype}" \
-        " (for CPU type: 0x#{"%08x" % cputype})"
+      super "Unrecognized CPU sub-type: 0x%08<cpusubtype>x" \
+        " (for CPU type: 0x%08<cputype>x" % { :cputype => cputype, :cpusubtype => cpusubtype }
     end
   end
 
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ module MachO
   class FiletypeError < MachOError
     # @param num [Integer] the unknown number
     def initialize(num)
-      super "Unrecognized Mach-O filetype code: 0x#{"%02x" % num}"
+      super "Unrecognized Mach-O filetype code: 0x%02<num>x" % { :num => num }
     end
   end
 
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ module MachO
   class LoadCommandError < MachOError
     # @param num [Integer] the unknown number
     def initialize(num)
-      super "Unrecognized Mach-O load command: 0x#{"%02x" % num}"
+      super "Unrecognized Mach-O load command: 0x%02<num>x" % { :num => num }
     end
   end
 
@@ -194,4 +197,14 @@ module MachO
       super "Unimplemented: #{thing}"
     end
   end
+
+  # Raised when attempting to create a {FatFile} from one or more {MachOFile}s
+  #  whose offsets will not fit within the resulting 32-bit {Headers::FatArch#offset} fields.
+  class FatArchOffsetOverflowError < MachOError
+    # @param offset [Integer] the offending offset
+    def initialize(offset)
+      super "Offset #{offset} exceeds the 32-bit width of a fat_arch offset." \
+            " Consider merging with `fat64: true`"
+    end
+  end
 end

data/lib/macho/fat_file.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require "forwardable"
 
 module MachO
@@ -11,10 +13,14 @@ module MachO
     # @return [String] the filename loaded from, or nil if loaded from a binary string
     attr_accessor :filename
 
+    # @return [Hash] any parser options that the instance was created with
+    # @note Options specified in a {FatFile} trickle down into the internal {MachOFile}s.
+    attr_reader :options
+
     # @return [Headers::FatHeader] the file's header
     attr_reader :header
 
-    # @return [Array<Headers::FatArch>] an array of fat architectures
+    # @return [Array<Headers::FatArch>, Array<Headers::FatArch64] an array of fat architectures
     attr_reader :fat_archs
 
     # @return [Array<MachOFile>] an array of Mach-O binaries
@@ -22,37 +28,47 @@ module MachO
 
     # Creates a new FatFile from the given (single-arch) Mach-Os
     # @param machos [Array<MachOFile>] the machos to combine
+    # @param fat64 [Boolean] whether to use {Headers::FatArch64}s to represent each slice
     # @return [FatFile] a new FatFile containing the give machos
     # @raise [ArgumentError] if less than one Mach-O is given
-    def self.new_from_machos(*machos)
+    # @raise [FatArchOffsetOverflowError] if the Mach-Os are too big to be represented
+    #  in a 32-bit {Headers::FatArch} and `fat64` is `false`.
+    def self.new_from_machos(*machos, fat64: false)
       raise ArgumentError, "expected at least one Mach-O" if machos.empty?
 
+      fa_klass, magic = if fat64
+        [Headers::FatArch64, Headers::FAT_MAGIC_64]
+      else
+        [Headers::FatArch, Headers::FAT_MAGIC]
+      end
+
       # put the smaller alignments further forwards in fat macho, so that we do less padding
       machos = machos.sort_by(&:segment_alignment)
 
       bin = +""
 
-      bin << Headers::FatHeader.new(Headers::FAT_MAGIC, machos.size).serialize
-      offset = Headers::FatHeader.bytesize + (machos.size * Headers::FatArch.bytesize)
+      bin << Headers::FatHeader.new(magic, machos.size).serialize
+      offset = Headers::FatHeader.bytesize + (machos.size * fa_klass.bytesize)
 
       macho_pads = {}
-      macho_bins = {}
 
       machos.each do |macho|
-        macho_offset      = Utils.round(offset, 2**macho.segment_alignment)
+        macho_offset = Utils.round(offset, 2**macho.segment_alignment)
+
+        raise FatArchOffsetOverflowError, macho_offset if !fat64 && macho_offset > (2**32 - 1)
+
         macho_pads[macho] = Utils.padding_for(offset, 2**macho.segment_alignment)
-        macho_bins[macho] = macho.serialize
 
-        bin << Headers::FatArch.new(macho.header.cputype, macho.header.cpusubtype,
-                                    macho_offset, macho_bins[macho].bytesize,
-                                    macho.segment_alignment).serialize
+        bin << fa_klass.new(macho.header.cputype, macho.header.cpusubtype,
+                            macho_offset, macho.serialize.bytesize,
+                            macho.segment_alignment).serialize
 
-        offset += (macho_bins[macho].bytesize + macho_pads[macho])
+        offset += (macho.serialize.bytesize + macho_pads[macho])
       end
 
-      machos.each do |macho|
+      machos.each do |macho| # rubocop:disable Style/CombinableLoops
         bin << Utils.nullpad(macho_pads[macho])
-        bin << macho_bins[macho]
+        bin << macho.serialize
       end
 
       new_from_bin(bin)
@@ -60,30 +76,36 @@ module MachO
 
     # Creates a new FatFile instance from a binary string.
     # @param bin [String] a binary string containing raw Mach-O data
+    # @param opts [Hash] options to control the parser with
+    # @note see {MachOFile#initialize} for currently valid options
     # @return [FatFile] a new FatFile
-    def self.new_from_bin(bin)
+    def self.new_from_bin(bin, **opts)
       instance = allocate
-      instance.initialize_from_bin(bin)
+      instance.initialize_from_bin(bin, opts)
 
       instance
     end
 
     # Creates a new FatFile from the given filename.
     # @param filename [String] the fat file to load from
+    # @param opts [Hash] options to control the parser with
+    # @note see {MachOFile#initialize} for currently valid options
     # @raise [ArgumentError] if the given file does not exist
-    def initialize(filename)
+    def initialize(filename, **opts)
       raise ArgumentError, "#{filename}: no such file" unless File.file?(filename)
 
       @filename = filename
+      @options = opts
       @raw_data = File.open(@filename, "rb", &:read)
       populate_fields
     end
 
-    # Initializes a new FatFile instance from a binary string.
+    # Initializes a new FatFile instance from a binary string with the given options.
     # @see new_from_bin
     # @api private
-    def initialize_from_bin(bin)
+    def initialize_from_bin(bin, opts)
       @filename = nil
+      @options = opts
       @raw_data = bin
       populate_fields
     end
@@ -278,6 +300,7 @@ module MachO
     # @note Overwrites all data in the file!
     def write!
       raise MachOError, "no initial file to write to" if filename.nil?
+
       File.open(@filename, "wb") { |f| f.write(@raw_data) }
     end
 
@@ -327,10 +350,12 @@ module MachO
     def populate_fat_archs
       archs = []
 
-      fa_off = Headers::FatHeader.bytesize
-      fa_len = Headers::FatArch.bytesize
+      fa_klass = Utils.fat_magic32?(header.magic) ? Headers::FatArch : Headers::FatArch64
+      fa_off   = Headers::FatHeader.bytesize
+      fa_len   = fa_klass.bytesize
+
       header.nfat_arch.times do |i|
-        archs << Headers::FatArch.new_from_bin(:big, @raw_data[fa_off + (fa_len * i), fa_len])
+        archs << fa_klass.new_from_bin(:big, @raw_data[fa_off + (fa_len * i), fa_len])
       end
 
       archs
@@ -343,7 +368,7 @@ module MachO
       machos = []
 
       fat_archs.each do |arch|
-        machos << MachOFile.new_from_bin(@raw_data[arch.offset, arch.size])
+        machos << MachOFile.new_from_bin(@raw_data[arch.offset, arch.size], **options)
       end
 
       machos
@@ -373,15 +398,14 @@ module MachO
       errors = []
 
       machos.each_with_index do |macho, index|
-        begin
-          yield macho
-        rescue RecoverableModificationError => error
-          error.macho_slice = index
-
-          # Strict mode: Immediately re-raise. Otherwise: Retain, check later.
-          raise error if strict
-          errors << error
-        end
+        yield macho
+      rescue RecoverableModificationError => e
+        e.macho_slice = index
+
+        # Strict mode: Immediately re-raise. Otherwise: Retain, check later.
+        raise e if strict
+
+        errors << e
       end
 
       # Non-strict mode: Raise first error if *all* Mach-O slices failed.

data/lib/macho/headers.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module MachO
   # Classes and constants for parsing the headers of Mach-O binaries.
   module Headers
@@ -6,11 +8,19 @@ module MachO
     FAT_MAGIC = 0xcafebabe
 
     # little-endian fat magic
-    # this is defined, but should never appear in ruby-macho code because
-    # fat headers are always big-endian and therefore always unpacked as such.
+    # @note This is defined for completeness, but should never appear in ruby-macho code,
+    #  since fat headers are always big-endian.
     # @api private
     FAT_CIGAM = 0xbebafeca
 
+    # 64-bit big-endian fat magic
+    FAT_MAGIC_64 = 0xcafebabf
+
+    # 64-bit little-endian fat magic
+    # @note This is defined for completeness, but should never appear in ruby-macho code,
+    #   since fat headers are always big-endian.
+    FAT_CIGAM_64 = 0xbfbafeca
+
     # 32-bit big-endian magic
     # @api private
     MH_MAGIC = 0xfeedface
@@ -31,6 +41,7 @@ module MachO
     # @api private
     MH_MAGICS = {
       FAT_MAGIC => "FAT_MAGIC",
+      FAT_MAGIC_64 => "FAT_MAGIC_64",
       MH_MAGIC => "MH_MAGIC",
       MH_CIGAM => "MH_CIGAM",
       MH_MAGIC_64 => "MH_MAGIC_64",
@@ -41,6 +52,11 @@ module MachO
     # @api private
     CPU_ARCH_ABI64 = 0x01000000
 
+    # mask for CPUs with 64-bit architectures (when running a 32-bit ABI?)
+    # @see https://github.com/Homebrew/ruby-macho/issues/113
+    # @api private
+    CPU_ARCH_ABI32 = 0x02000000
+
     # any CPU (unused?)
     # @api private
     CPU_TYPE_ANY = -1
@@ -69,6 +85,10 @@ module MachO
     # @api private
     CPU_TYPE_ARM64 = (CPU_TYPE_ARM | CPU_ARCH_ABI64)
 
+    # 64-bit ARM compatible CPUs (running in 32-bit mode?)
+    # @see https://github.com/Homebrew/ruby-macho/issues/113
+    CPU_TYPE_ARM64_32 = (CPU_TYPE_ARM | CPU_ARCH_ABI32)
+
     # PowerPC compatible CPUs
     # @api private
     CPU_TYPE_POWERPC = 0x12
@@ -85,6 +105,7 @@ module MachO
       CPU_TYPE_X86_64 => :x86_64,
       CPU_TYPE_ARM => :arm,
       CPU_TYPE_ARM64 => :arm64,
+      CPU_TYPE_ARM64_32 => :arm64_32,
       CPU_TYPE_POWERPC => :ppc,
       CPU_TYPE_POWERPC64 => :ppc64,
     }.freeze
@@ -218,6 +239,14 @@ module MachO
     # @api private
     CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_V8 = 1
 
+    # the v8 sub-type for `CPU_TYPE_ARM64_32`
+    # @api private
+    CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_32_V8 = 1
+
+    # the e (A12) sub-type for `CPU_TYPE_ARM64`
+    # @api private
+    CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64E = 2
+
     # the lowest common sub-type for `CPU_TYPE_MC88000`
     # @api private
     CPU_SUBTYPE_MC88000_ALL = 0
@@ -327,6 +356,10 @@ module MachO
       CPU_TYPE_ARM64 => {
         CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_ALL => :arm64,
         CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_V8 => :arm64v8,
+        CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64E => :arm64e,
+      }.freeze,
+      CPU_TYPE_ARM64_32 => {
+        CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64_32_V8 => :arm64_32v8,
       }.freeze,
       CPU_TYPE_POWERPC => {
         CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_ALL => :ppc,
@@ -459,7 +492,7 @@ module MachO
       # always big-endian
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "N2".freeze
+      FORMAT = "N2"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -467,6 +500,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @api private
       def initialize(magic, nfat_arch)
+        super()
         @magic = magic
         @nfat_arch = nfat_arch
       end
@@ -486,8 +520,10 @@ module MachO
       end
     end
 
-    # Fat binary header architecture structure. A Fat binary has one or more of
-    # these, representing one or more internal Mach-O blobs.
+    # 32-bit fat binary header architecture structure. A 32-bit fat Mach-O has one or more of
+    #  these, indicating one or more internal Mach-O blobs.
+    # @note "32-bit" indicates the fact that this structure stores 32-bit offsets, not that the
+    #  Mach-Os that it points to necessarily *are* 32-bit.
     # @see MachO::Headers::FatHeader
     class FatArch < MachOStructure
       # @return [Integer] the CPU type of the Mach-O
@@ -505,10 +541,10 @@ module MachO
       # @return [Integer] the alignment, as a power of 2
       attr_reader :align
 
-      # always big-endian
+      # @note Always big endian.
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "N5".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L>5"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -516,6 +552,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @api private
       def initialize(cputype, cpusubtype, offset, size, align)
+        super()
         @cputype = cputype
         @cpusubtype = cpusubtype & ~CPU_SUBTYPE_MASK
         @offset = offset
@@ -542,6 +579,43 @@ module MachO
       end
     end
 
+    # 64-bit fat binary header architecture structure. A 64-bit fat Mach-O has one or more of
+    #  these, indicating one or more internal Mach-O blobs.
+    # @note "64-bit" indicates the fact that this structure stores 64-bit offsets, not that the
+    #  Mach-Os that it points to necessarily *are* 64-bit.
+    # @see MachO::Headers::FatHeader
+    class FatArch64 < FatArch
+      # @return [void]
+      attr_reader :reserved
+
+      # @note Always big endian.
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L>2Q>2L>2"
+
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 32
+
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(cputype, cpusubtype, offset, size, align, reserved = 0)
+        super(cputype, cpusubtype, offset, size, align)
+        @reserved = reserved
+      end
+
+      # @return [String] the serialized fields of the fat arch
+      def serialize
+        [cputype, cpusubtype, offset, size, align, reserved].pack(FORMAT)
+      end
+
+      # @return [Hash] a hash representation of this {FatArch64}
+      def to_h
+        {
+          "reserved" => reserved,
+        }.merge super
+      end
+    end
+
     # 32-bit Mach-O file header structure
     class MachHeader < MachOStructure
       # @return [Integer] the magic number
@@ -567,7 +641,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=7".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=7"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -576,6 +650,7 @@ module MachO
       # @api private
       def initialize(magic, cputype, cpusubtype, filetype, ncmds, sizeofcmds,
                      flags)
+        super()
         @magic = magic
         @cputype = cputype
         # For now we're not interested in additional capability bits also to be
@@ -593,7 +668,9 @@ module MachO
       # @return [Boolean] true if `flag` is present in the header's flag section
       def flag?(flag)
         flag = MH_FLAGS[flag]
+
         return false if flag.nil?
+
         flags & flag == flag
       end
 
@@ -688,7 +765,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=8".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=8"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private

data/lib/macho/load_commands.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module MachO
   # Classes and constants for parsing load commands in Mach-O binaries.
   module LoadCommands
@@ -60,6 +62,8 @@ module MachO
       0x30 => :LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS,
       0x31 => :LC_NOTE,
       0x32 => :LC_BUILD_VERSION,
+      (0x33 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE,
+      (0x34 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LD_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS,
     }.freeze
 
     # association of symbol representations to load command constants
@@ -145,6 +149,8 @@ module MachO
       :LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS => "VersionMinCommand",
       :LC_NOTE => "NoteCommand",
       :LC_BUILD_VERSION => "BuildVersionCommand",
+      :LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE => "LinkeditDataCommand",
+      :LD_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS => "LinkeditDataCommand",
     }.freeze
 
     # association of segment name symbols to names
@@ -186,7 +192,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -225,6 +231,7 @@ module MachO
       # @param cmdsize [Integer] the size of the load command in bytes
       # @api private
       def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        super()
         @view = view
         @cmd = cmd
         @cmdsize = cmdsize
@@ -242,6 +249,7 @@ module MachO
       # @api private
       def serialize(context)
         raise LoadCommandNotSerializableError, LOAD_COMMANDS[cmd] unless serializable?
+
         format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
         [cmd, SIZEOF].pack(format)
       end
@@ -298,7 +306,9 @@ module MachO
             lc_end = view.offset + lc.cmdsize - 1
             raw_string = view.raw_data.slice(lc_str_abs..lc_end)
             @string, null_byte, _padding = raw_string.partition("\x00")
+
             raise LCStrMalformedError, lc if null_byte.empty?
+
             @string_offset = lc_str
           else
             @string = lc_str
@@ -362,7 +372,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2a16".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2a16"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -376,7 +386,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @return [String] a string representation of the UUID
       def uuid_string
-        hexes = uuid.map { |e| "%02x" % e }
+        hexes = uuid.map { |elem| "%02<elem>x" % { :elem => elem } }
         segs = [
           hexes[0..3].join, hexes[4..5].join, hexes[6..7].join,
           hexes[8..9].join, hexes[10..15].join
@@ -426,7 +436,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2Z16L=4l=2L=2".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2Z16L=4l=2L=2"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -473,7 +483,9 @@ module MachO
       # @return [Boolean] true if `flag` is present in the segment's flag field
       def flag?(flag)
         flag = SEGMENT_FLAGS[flag]
+
         return false if flag.nil?
+
         flags & flag == flag
       end
 
@@ -519,7 +531,7 @@ module MachO
     class SegmentCommand64 < SegmentCommand
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2Z16Q=4l=2L=2".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2Z16Q=4l=2L=2"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -545,7 +557,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=6"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -596,7 +608,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=3"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -644,7 +656,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=5"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -674,7 +686,7 @@ module MachO
     class ThreadCommand < LoadCommand
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -712,7 +724,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=10".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=10"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -753,7 +765,7 @@ module MachO
     class RoutinesCommand64 < RoutinesCommand
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2Q=8".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2Q=8"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -768,7 +780,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=3"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -796,7 +808,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=3"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -824,7 +836,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=3"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -852,7 +864,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=3"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -889,7 +901,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=6"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -974,7 +986,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=20".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=20"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1047,7 +1059,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=4"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1122,7 +1134,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=3"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1151,7 +1163,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=3"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1186,7 +1198,8 @@ module MachO
     # A load command representing the offsets and sizes of a blob of data in
     # the __LINKEDIT segment. Corresponds to LC_CODE_SIGNATURE,
     # LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO, LC_FUNCTION_STARTS, LC_DATA_IN_CODE,
-    # LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS, and LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT.
+    # LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS, LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT, LC_DYLD_EXPORTS_TRIE,
+    # or LC_DYLD_CHAINED_FIXUPS.
     class LinkeditDataCommand < LoadCommand
       # @return [Integer] offset to the data in the __LINKEDIT segment
       attr_reader :dataoff
@@ -1196,7 +1209,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=4"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1232,7 +1245,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=5"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1264,7 +1277,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=6"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1296,7 +1309,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=4"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1312,7 +1325,7 @@ module MachO
       # A string representation of the binary's minimum OS version.
       # @return [String] a string representing the minimum OS version.
       def version_string
-        binary = "%032b" % version
+        binary = "%032<version>b" % { :version => version }
         segs = [
           binary[0..15], binary[16..23], binary[24..31]
         ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
@@ -1323,7 +1336,7 @@ module MachO
       # A string representation of the binary's SDK version.
       # @return [String] a string representing the SDK version.
       def sdk_string
-        binary = "%032b" % sdk
+        binary = "%032<sdk>b" % { :sdk => sdk }
         segs = [
           binary[0..15], binary[16..23], binary[24..31]
         ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
@@ -1360,7 +1373,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=6"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1378,7 +1391,7 @@ module MachO
       # A string representation of the binary's minimum OS version.
       # @return [String] a string representing the minimum OS version.
       def minos_string
-        binary = "%032b" % minos
+        binary = "%032<minos>b" % { :minos => minos }
         segs = [
           binary[0..15], binary[16..23], binary[24..31]
         ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
@@ -1389,7 +1402,7 @@ module MachO
       # A string representation of the binary's SDK version.
       # @return [String] a string representing the SDK version.
       def sdk_string
-        binary = "%032b" % sdk
+        binary = "%032<sdk>b" % { :sdk => sdk }
         segs = [
           binary[0..15], binary[16..23], binary[24..31]
         ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
@@ -1489,7 +1502,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=12".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=12"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1537,7 +1550,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=3"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1567,7 +1580,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2Q=2".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2Q=2"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1597,7 +1610,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2Q=1".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2Q=1"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1612,7 +1625,7 @@ module MachO
       # A string representation of the sources used to build the binary.
       # @return [String] a string representation of the version
       def version_string
-        binary = "%064b" % version
+        binary = "%064<version>b" % { :version => version }
         segs = [
           binary[0..23], binary[24..33], binary[34..43], binary[44..53],
           binary[54..63]
@@ -1641,7 +1654,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=4"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1669,7 +1682,7 @@ module MachO
     class IdentCommand < LoadCommand
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1687,7 +1700,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=4"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1722,7 +1735,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=5"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private
@@ -1759,7 +1772,7 @@ module MachO
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
       # @api private
-      FORMAT = "L=2Z16Q=2".freeze
+      FORMAT = "L=2Z16Q=2"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       # @api private

data/lib/macho/macho_file.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require "forwardable"
 
 module MachO
@@ -9,10 +11,13 @@ module MachO
   class MachOFile
     extend Forwardable
 
-    # @return [String] the filename loaded from, or nil if loaded from a binary
+    # @return [String, nil] the filename loaded from, or nil if loaded from a binary
     #  string
     attr_accessor :filename
 
+    # @return [Hash] any parser options that the instance was created with
+    attr_reader :options
+
     # @return [Symbol] the endianness of the file, :big or :little
     attr_reader :endianness
 
@@ -27,30 +32,36 @@ module MachO
 
     # Creates a new instance from a binary string.
     # @param bin [String] a binary string containing raw Mach-O data
+    # @param opts [Hash] options to control the parser with
+    # @option opts [Boolean] :permissive whether to ignore unknown load commands
     # @return [MachOFile] a new MachOFile
-    def self.new_from_bin(bin)
+    def self.new_from_bin(bin, **opts)
       instance = allocate
-      instance.initialize_from_bin(bin)
+      instance.initialize_from_bin(bin, opts)
 
       instance
     end
 
     # Creates a new instance from data read from the given filename.
     # @param filename [String] the Mach-O file to load from
+    # @param opts [Hash] options to control the parser with
+    # @option opts [Boolean] :permissive whether to ignore unknown load commands
     # @raise [ArgumentError] if the given file does not exist
-    def initialize(filename)
+    def initialize(filename, **opts)
       raise ArgumentError, "#{filename}: no such file" unless File.file?(filename)
 
       @filename = filename
+      @options = opts
       @raw_data = File.open(@filename, "rb", &:read)
       populate_fields
     end
 
-    # Initializes a new MachOFile instance from a binary string.
+    # Initializes a new MachOFile instance from a binary string with the given options.
     # @see MachO::MachOFile.new_from_bin
     # @api private
-    def initialize_from_bin(bin)
+    def initialize_from_bin(bin, opts)
       @filename = nil
+      @options = opts
       @raw_data = bin
       populate_fields
     end
@@ -146,16 +157,13 @@ module MachO
     def insert_command(offset, lc, options = {})
       context = LoadCommands::LoadCommand::SerializationContext.context_for(self)
       cmd_raw = lc.serialize(context)
+      fileoff = offset + cmd_raw.bytesize
 
-      if offset < header.class.bytesize || offset + cmd_raw.bytesize > low_fileoff
-        raise OffsetInsertionError, offset
-      end
+      raise OffsetInsertionError, offset if offset < header.class.bytesize || fileoff > low_fileoff
 
       new_sizeofcmds = sizeofcmds + cmd_raw.bytesize
 
-      if header.class.bytesize + new_sizeofcmds > low_fileoff
-        raise HeaderPadError, @filename
-      end
+      raise HeaderPadError, @filename if header.class.bytesize + new_sizeofcmds > low_fileoff
 
       # update Mach-O header fields to account for inserted load command
       update_ncmds(ncmds + 1)
@@ -178,9 +186,8 @@ module MachO
       context = LoadCommands::LoadCommand::SerializationContext.context_for(self)
       cmd_raw = new_lc.serialize(context)
       new_sizeofcmds = sizeofcmds + cmd_raw.bytesize - old_lc.cmdsize
-      if header.class.bytesize + new_sizeofcmds > low_fileoff
-        raise HeaderPadError, @filename
-      end
+
+      raise HeaderPadError, @filename if header.class.bytesize + new_sizeofcmds > low_fileoff
 
       delete_command(old_lc)
       insert_command(old_lc.view.offset, new_lc)
@@ -431,6 +438,7 @@ module MachO
     # @note Overwrites all data in the file!
     def write!
       raise MachOError, "no initial file to write to" if @filename.nil?
+
       File.open(@filename, "wb") { |f| f.write(@raw_data) }
     end
 
@@ -470,7 +478,7 @@ module MachO
     # @raise [FatBinaryError] if the magic is for a Fat file
     # @api private
     def populate_and_check_magic
-      magic = @raw_data[0..3].unpack("N").first
+      magic = @raw_data[0..3].unpack1("N")
 
       raise MagicError, magic unless Utils.magic?(magic)
       raise FatBinaryError if Utils.fat_magic?(magic)
@@ -510,19 +518,25 @@ module MachO
     # @raise [LoadCommandError] if an unknown load command is encountered
     # @api private
     def populate_load_commands
+      permissive = options.fetch(:permissive, false)
       offset = header.class.bytesize
       load_commands = []
 
       header.ncmds.times do
         fmt = Utils.specialize_format("L=", endianness)
-        cmd = @raw_data.slice(offset, 4).unpack(fmt).first
+        cmd = @raw_data.slice(offset, 4).unpack1(fmt)
         cmd_sym = LoadCommands::LOAD_COMMANDS[cmd]
 
-        raise LoadCommandError, cmd if cmd_sym.nil?
+        raise LoadCommandError, cmd unless cmd_sym || permissive
+
+        # If we're here, then either cmd_sym represents a valid load
+        # command *or* we're in permissive mode.
+        klass = if (klass_str = LoadCommands::LC_STRUCTURES[cmd_sym])
+          LoadCommands.const_get klass_str
+        else
+          LoadCommands::LoadCommand
+        end
 
-        # why do I do this? i don't like declaring constants below
-        # classes, and i need them to resolve...
-        klass = LoadCommands.const_get LoadCommands::LC_STRUCTURES[cmd_sym]
         view = MachOView.new(@raw_data, endianness, offset)
         command = klass.new_from_bin(view)
 

data/lib/macho/sections.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module MachO
   # Classes and constants for parsing sections in Mach-O binaries.
   module Sections
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ module MachO
       attr_reader :reserved2
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-      FORMAT = "Z16Z16L=9".freeze
+      FORMAT = "Z16Z16L=9"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       SIZEOF = 68
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ module MachO
       # @api private
       def initialize(sectname, segname, addr, size, offset, align, reloff,
                      nreloc, flags, reserved1, reserved2)
+        super()
         @sectname = sectname
         @segname = segname
         @addr = addr
@@ -150,7 +153,9 @@ module MachO
       # @return [Boolean] whether the flag is present in the section's {flags}
       def flag?(flag)
         flag = SECTION_FLAGS[flag]
+
         return false if flag.nil?
+
         flags & flag == flag
       end
 
@@ -178,7 +183,7 @@ module MachO
       attr_reader :reserved3
 
       # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-      FORMAT = "Z16Z16Q=2L=8".freeze
+      FORMAT = "Z16Z16Q=2L=8"
 
       # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
       SIZEOF = 80

data/lib/macho/structure.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module MachO
   # A general purpose pseudo-structure.
   # @abstract
@@ -5,7 +7,7 @@ module MachO
     # The String#unpack format of the data structure.
     # @return [String] the unpacking format
     # @api private
-    FORMAT = "".freeze
+    FORMAT = ""
 
     # The size of the data structure, in bytes.
     # @return [Integer] the size, in bytes

data/lib/macho/tools.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module MachO
   # A collection of convenient methods for common operations on Mach-O and Fat
   # binaries.
@@ -89,8 +91,9 @@ module MachO
     # Merge multiple Mach-Os into one universal (Fat) binary.
     # @param filename [String] the fat binary to create
     # @param files [Array<String>] the files to merge
+    # @param fat64 [Boolean] whether to use {Headers::FatArch64}s to represent each slice
     # @return [void]
-    def self.merge_machos(filename, *files)
+    def self.merge_machos(filename, *files, fat64: false)
       machos = files.map do |file|
         macho = MachO.open(file)
         case macho
@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@ module MachO
         end
       end.flatten
 
-      fat_macho = MachO::FatFile.new_from_machos(*machos)
+      fat_macho = MachO::FatFile.new_from_machos(*machos, :fat64 => fat64)
       fat_macho.write(filename)
     end
   end

data/lib/macho/utils.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module MachO
   # A collection of utility functions used throughout ruby-macho.
   module Utils
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ module MachO
     def self.pack_strings(fixed_offset, alignment, strings = {})
       offsets = {}
       next_offset = fixed_offset
-      payload = ""
+      payload = +""
 
       strings.each do |key, string|
         offsets[key] = next_offset
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ module MachO
       end
 
       payload << Utils.nullpad(padding_for(fixed_offset + payload.bytesize, alignment))
-      [payload, offsets]
+      [payload.freeze, offsets]
     end
 
     # Compares the given number to valid Mach-O magic numbers.
@@ -75,35 +77,49 @@ module MachO
     # @param num [Integer] the number being checked
     # @return [Boolean] whether `num` is a valid Fat magic number
     def self.fat_magic?(num)
+      [Headers::FAT_MAGIC, Headers::FAT_MAGIC_64].include? num
+    end
+
+    # Compares the given number to valid 32-bit Fat magic numbers.
+    # @param num [Integer] the number being checked
+    # @return [Boolean] whether `num` is a valid 32-bit fat magic number
+    def self.fat_magic32?(num)
       num == Headers::FAT_MAGIC
     end
 
+    # Compares the given number to valid 64-bit Fat magic numbers.
+    # @param num [Integer] the number being checked
+    # @return [Boolean] whether `num` is a valid 64-bit fat magic number
+    def self.fat_magic64?(num)
+      num == Headers::FAT_MAGIC_64
+    end
+
     # Compares the given number to valid 32-bit Mach-O magic numbers.
     # @param num [Integer] the number being checked
     # @return [Boolean] whether `num` is a valid 32-bit magic number
     def self.magic32?(num)
-      num == Headers::MH_MAGIC || num == Headers::MH_CIGAM
+      [Headers::MH_MAGIC, Headers::MH_CIGAM].include? num
     end
 
     # Compares the given number to valid 64-bit Mach-O magic numbers.
     # @param num [Integer] the number being checked
     # @return [Boolean] whether `num` is a valid 64-bit magic number
     def self.magic64?(num)
-      num == Headers::MH_MAGIC_64 || num == Headers::MH_CIGAM_64
+      [Headers::MH_MAGIC_64, Headers::MH_CIGAM_64].include? num
     end
 
     # Compares the given number to valid little-endian magic numbers.
     # @param num [Integer] the number being checked
     # @return [Boolean] whether `num` is a valid little-endian magic number
     def self.little_magic?(num)
-      num == Headers::MH_CIGAM || num == Headers::MH_CIGAM_64
+      [Headers::MH_CIGAM, Headers::MH_CIGAM_64].include? num
     end
 
     # Compares the given number to valid big-endian magic numbers.
     # @param num [Integer] the number being checked
     # @return [Boolean] whether `num` is a valid big-endian magic number
     def self.big_magic?(num)
-      num == Headers::MH_CIGAM || num == Headers::MH_CIGAM_64
+      [Headers::MH_MAGIC, Headers::MH_MAGIC_64].include? num
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/macho/view.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module MachO
   # A representation of some unspecified Mach-O data.
   class MachOView

metadata

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: ruby-macho
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 2.0.0
+  version: 2.5.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - William Woodruff
-autorequire: 
+autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2018-07-03 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2020-11-11 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies: []
 description: A library for viewing and manipulating Mach-O files in Ruby.
 email: william@yossarian.net
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ homepage: https://github.com/Homebrew/ruby-macho
 licenses:
 - MIT
 metadata: {}
-post_install_message: 
+post_install_message:
 rdoc_options: []
 require_paths:
 - lib
@@ -42,16 +42,15 @@ required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-      version: '2.1'
+      version: '2.5'
 required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
-rubyforge_project: 
-rubygems_version: 2.7.6
-signing_key: 
+rubygems_version: 3.1.2
+signing_key:
 specification_version: 4
 summary: ruby-macho - Mach-O file analyzer.
 test_files: []