ruby-macho 0.2.6 → 1.0.0

data/lib/macho/load_commands.rb

@@ -1,1314 +1,1317 @@
 module MachO
-  # load commands added after OS X 10.1 need to be bitwise ORed with
-  # LC_REQ_DYLD to be recognized by the dynamic linder (dyld)
-  # @api private
-  LC_REQ_DYLD = 0x80000000
-
-  # association of load commands to symbol representations
-  # @api private
-  LOAD_COMMANDS = {
-    0x1 => :LC_SEGMENT,
-    0x2 => :LC_SYMTAB,
-    0x3 => :LC_SYMSEG,
-    0x4 => :LC_THREAD,
-    0x5 => :LC_UNIXTHREAD,
-    0x6 => :LC_LOADFVMLIB,
-    0x7 => :LC_IDFVMLIB,
-    0x8 => :LC_IDENT,
-    0x9 => :LC_FVMFILE,
-    0xa => :LC_PREPAGE,
-    0xb => :LC_DYSYMTAB,
-    0xc => :LC_LOAD_DYLIB,
-    0xd => :LC_ID_DYLIB,
-    0xe => :LC_LOAD_DYLINKER,
-    0xf => :LC_ID_DYLINKER,
-    0x10 => :LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB,
-    0x11 => :LC_ROUTINES,
-    0x12 => :LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK,
-    0x13 => :LC_SUB_UMBRELLA,
-    0x14 => :LC_SUB_CLIENT,
-    0x15 => :LC_SUB_LIBRARY,
-    0x16 => :LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS,
-    0x17 => :LC_PREBIND_CKSUM,
-    (0x18 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB,
-    0x19 => :LC_SEGMENT_64,
-    0x1a => :LC_ROUTINES_64,
-    0x1b => :LC_UUID,
-    (0x1c | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_RPATH,
-    0x1d => :LC_CODE_SIGNATURE,
-    0x1e => :LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO,
-    (0x1f | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB,
-    0x20 => :LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB,
-    0x21 => :LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO,
-    0x22 => :LC_DYLD_INFO,
-    (0x22 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY,
-    (0x23 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB,
-    0x24 => :LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX,
-    0x25 => :LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS,
-    0x26 => :LC_FUNCTION_STARTS,
-    0x27 => :LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT,
-    (0x28 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_MAIN,
-    0x29 => :LC_DATA_IN_CODE,
-    0x2a => :LC_SOURCE_VERSION,
-    0x2b => :LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS,
-    0x2c => :LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64,
-    0x2d => :LC_LINKER_OPTION,
-    0x2e => :LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT,
-    0x2f => :LC_VERSION_MIN_TVOS,
-    0x30 => :LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS,
-  }.freeze
-
-  # association of symbol representations to load command constants
-  # @api private
-  LOAD_COMMAND_CONSTANTS = LOAD_COMMANDS.invert.freeze
-
-  # load commands responsible for loading dylibs
-  # @api private
-  DYLIB_LOAD_COMMANDS = [
-    :LC_LOAD_DYLIB,
-    :LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB,
-    :LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB,
-    :LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB,
-    :LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB,
-  ].freeze
-
-  # load commands that can be created manually via {LoadCommand.create}
-  # @api private
-  CREATABLE_LOAD_COMMANDS = DYLIB_LOAD_COMMANDS + [
-    :LC_ID_DYLIB,
-    :LC_RPATH,
-    :LC_LOAD_DYLINKER,
-  ].freeze
-
-  # association of load command symbols to string representations of classes
-  # @api private
-  LC_STRUCTURES = {
-    :LC_SEGMENT => "SegmentCommand",
-    :LC_SYMTAB => "SymtabCommand",
-    :LC_SYMSEG => "SymsegCommand", # obsolete
-    :LC_THREAD => "ThreadCommand", # seems obsolete, but not documented as such
-    :LC_UNIXTHREAD => "ThreadCommand",
-    :LC_LOADFVMLIB => "FvmlibCommand", # obsolete
-    :LC_IDFVMLIB => "FvmlibCommand", # obsolete
-    :LC_IDENT => "IdentCommand", # obsolete
-    :LC_FVMFILE => "FvmfileCommand", # reserved for internal use only
-    :LC_PREPAGE => "LoadCommand", # reserved for internal use only, no public struct
-    :LC_DYSYMTAB => "DysymtabCommand",
-    :LC_LOAD_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
-    :LC_ID_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
-    :LC_LOAD_DYLINKER => "DylinkerCommand",
-    :LC_ID_DYLINKER => "DylinkerCommand",
-    :LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB => "PreboundDylibCommand",
-    :LC_ROUTINES => "RoutinesCommand",
-    :LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK => "SubFrameworkCommand",
-    :LC_SUB_UMBRELLA => "SubUmbrellaCommand",
-    :LC_SUB_CLIENT => "SubClientCommand",
-    :LC_SUB_LIBRARY => "SubLibraryCommand",
-    :LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS => "TwolevelHintsCommand",
-    :LC_PREBIND_CKSUM => "PrebindCksumCommand",
-    :LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
-    :LC_SEGMENT_64 => "SegmentCommand64",
-    :LC_ROUTINES_64 => "RoutinesCommand64",
-    :LC_UUID => "UUIDCommand",
-    :LC_RPATH => "RpathCommand",
-    :LC_CODE_SIGNATURE => "LinkeditDataCommand",
-    :LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO => "LinkeditDataCommand",
-    :LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
-    :LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
-    :LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO => "EncryptionInfoCommand",
-    :LC_DYLD_INFO => "DyldInfoCommand",
-    :LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY => "DyldInfoCommand",
-    :LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
-    :LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX => "VersionMinCommand",
-    :LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS => "VersionMinCommand",
-    :LC_FUNCTION_STARTS => "LinkeditDataCommand",
-    :LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT => "DylinkerCommand",
-    :LC_MAIN => "EntryPointCommand",
-    :LC_DATA_IN_CODE => "LinkeditDataCommand",
-    :LC_SOURCE_VERSION => "SourceVersionCommand",
-    :LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS => "LinkeditDataCommand",
-    :LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64 => "EncryptionInfoCommand64",
-    :LC_LINKER_OPTION => "LinkerOptionCommand",
-    :LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT => "LinkeditDataCommand",
-    :LC_VERSION_MIN_TVOS => "VersionMinCommand",
-    :LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS => "VersionMinCommand",
-  }.freeze
-
-  # association of segment name symbols to names
-  # @api private
-  SEGMENT_NAMES = {
-    :SEG_PAGEZERO => "__PAGEZERO",
-    :SEG_TEXT => "__TEXT",
-    :SEG_DATA => "__DATA",
-    :SEG_OBJC => "__OBJC",
-    :SEG_ICON => "__ICON",
-    :SEG_LINKEDIT => "__LINKEDIT",
-    :SEG_UNIXSTACK => "__UNIXSTACK",
-    :SEG_IMPORT => "__IMPORT",
-  }.freeze
-
-  # association of segment flag symbols to values
-  # @api private
-  SEGMENT_FLAGS = {
-    :SG_HIGHVM => 0x1,
-    :SG_FVMLIB => 0x2,
-    :SG_NORELOC => 0x4,
-    :SG_PROTECTED_VERSION_1 => 0x8,
-  }.freeze
-
-  # Mach-O load command structure
-  # This is the most generic load command - only cmd ID and size are
-  # represented, and no actual data. Used when a more specific class
-  # isn't available/implemented.
-  class LoadCommand < MachOStructure
-    # @return [MachO::MachOView] the raw view associated with the load command
-    attr_reader :view
-
-    # @return [Fixnum] the load command's identifying number
-    attr_reader :cmd
-
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the load command, in bytes
-    attr_reader :cmdsize
-
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
+  # Classes and constants for parsing load commands in Mach-O binaries.
+  module LoadCommands
+    # load commands added after OS X 10.1 need to be bitwise ORed with
+    # LC_REQ_DYLD to be recognized by the dynamic linder (dyld)
+    # @api private
+    LC_REQ_DYLD = 0x80000000
+
+    # association of load commands to symbol representations
+    # @api private
+    LOAD_COMMANDS = {
+      0x1 => :LC_SEGMENT,
+      0x2 => :LC_SYMTAB,
+      0x3 => :LC_SYMSEG,
+      0x4 => :LC_THREAD,
+      0x5 => :LC_UNIXTHREAD,
+      0x6 => :LC_LOADFVMLIB,
+      0x7 => :LC_IDFVMLIB,
+      0x8 => :LC_IDENT,
+      0x9 => :LC_FVMFILE,
+      0xa => :LC_PREPAGE,
+      0xb => :LC_DYSYMTAB,
+      0xc => :LC_LOAD_DYLIB,
+      0xd => :LC_ID_DYLIB,
+      0xe => :LC_LOAD_DYLINKER,
+      0xf => :LC_ID_DYLINKER,
+      0x10 => :LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB,
+      0x11 => :LC_ROUTINES,
+      0x12 => :LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK,
+      0x13 => :LC_SUB_UMBRELLA,
+      0x14 => :LC_SUB_CLIENT,
+      0x15 => :LC_SUB_LIBRARY,
+      0x16 => :LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS,
+      0x17 => :LC_PREBIND_CKSUM,
+      (0x18 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB,
+      0x19 => :LC_SEGMENT_64,
+      0x1a => :LC_ROUTINES_64,
+      0x1b => :LC_UUID,
+      (0x1c | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_RPATH,
+      0x1d => :LC_CODE_SIGNATURE,
+      0x1e => :LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO,
+      (0x1f | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB,
+      0x20 => :LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB,
+      0x21 => :LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO,
+      0x22 => :LC_DYLD_INFO,
+      (0x22 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY,
+      (0x23 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB,
+      0x24 => :LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX,
+      0x25 => :LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS,
+      0x26 => :LC_FUNCTION_STARTS,
+      0x27 => :LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT,
+      (0x28 | LC_REQ_DYLD) => :LC_MAIN,
+      0x29 => :LC_DATA_IN_CODE,
+      0x2a => :LC_SOURCE_VERSION,
+      0x2b => :LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS,
+      0x2c => :LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64,
+      0x2d => :LC_LINKER_OPTION,
+      0x2e => :LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT,
+      0x2f => :LC_VERSION_MIN_TVOS,
+      0x30 => :LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS,
+    }.freeze
+
+    # association of symbol representations to load command constants
+    # @api private
+    LOAD_COMMAND_CONSTANTS = LOAD_COMMANDS.invert.freeze
+
+    # load commands responsible for loading dylibs
+    # @api private
+    DYLIB_LOAD_COMMANDS = [
+      :LC_LOAD_DYLIB,
+      :LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB,
+      :LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB,
+      :LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB,
+      :LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB,
+    ].freeze
+
+    # load commands that can be created manually via {LoadCommand.create}
+    # @api private
+    CREATABLE_LOAD_COMMANDS = DYLIB_LOAD_COMMANDS + [
+      :LC_ID_DYLIB,
+      :LC_RPATH,
+      :LC_LOAD_DYLINKER,
+    ].freeze
+
+    # association of load command symbols to string representations of classes
+    # @api private
+    LC_STRUCTURES = {
+      :LC_SEGMENT => "SegmentCommand",
+      :LC_SYMTAB => "SymtabCommand",
+      :LC_SYMSEG => "SymsegCommand", # obsolete
+      :LC_THREAD => "ThreadCommand", # seems obsolete, but not documented as such
+      :LC_UNIXTHREAD => "ThreadCommand",
+      :LC_LOADFVMLIB => "FvmlibCommand", # obsolete
+      :LC_IDFVMLIB => "FvmlibCommand", # obsolete
+      :LC_IDENT => "IdentCommand", # obsolete
+      :LC_FVMFILE => "FvmfileCommand", # reserved for internal use only
+      :LC_PREPAGE => "LoadCommand", # reserved for internal use only, no public struct
+      :LC_DYSYMTAB => "DysymtabCommand",
+      :LC_LOAD_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
+      :LC_ID_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
+      :LC_LOAD_DYLINKER => "DylinkerCommand",
+      :LC_ID_DYLINKER => "DylinkerCommand",
+      :LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB => "PreboundDylibCommand",
+      :LC_ROUTINES => "RoutinesCommand",
+      :LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK => "SubFrameworkCommand",
+      :LC_SUB_UMBRELLA => "SubUmbrellaCommand",
+      :LC_SUB_CLIENT => "SubClientCommand",
+      :LC_SUB_LIBRARY => "SubLibraryCommand",
+      :LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS => "TwolevelHintsCommand",
+      :LC_PREBIND_CKSUM => "PrebindCksumCommand",
+      :LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
+      :LC_SEGMENT_64 => "SegmentCommand64",
+      :LC_ROUTINES_64 => "RoutinesCommand64",
+      :LC_UUID => "UUIDCommand",
+      :LC_RPATH => "RpathCommand",
+      :LC_CODE_SIGNATURE => "LinkeditDataCommand",
+      :LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO => "LinkeditDataCommand",
+      :LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
+      :LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
+      :LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO => "EncryptionInfoCommand",
+      :LC_DYLD_INFO => "DyldInfoCommand",
+      :LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY => "DyldInfoCommand",
+      :LC_LOAD_UPWARD_DYLIB => "DylibCommand",
+      :LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX => "VersionMinCommand",
+      :LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS => "VersionMinCommand",
+      :LC_FUNCTION_STARTS => "LinkeditDataCommand",
+      :LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT => "DylinkerCommand",
+      :LC_MAIN => "EntryPointCommand",
+      :LC_DATA_IN_CODE => "LinkeditDataCommand",
+      :LC_SOURCE_VERSION => "SourceVersionCommand",
+      :LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS => "LinkeditDataCommand",
+      :LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64 => "EncryptionInfoCommand64",
+      :LC_LINKER_OPTION => "LinkerOptionCommand",
+      :LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT => "LinkeditDataCommand",
+      :LC_VERSION_MIN_TVOS => "VersionMinCommand",
+      :LC_VERSION_MIN_WATCHOS => "VersionMinCommand",
+    }.freeze
+
+    # association of segment name symbols to names
+    # @api private
+    SEGMENT_NAMES = {
+      :SEG_PAGEZERO => "__PAGEZERO",
+      :SEG_TEXT => "__TEXT",
+      :SEG_DATA => "__DATA",
+      :SEG_OBJC => "__OBJC",
+      :SEG_ICON => "__ICON",
+      :SEG_LINKEDIT => "__LINKEDIT",
+      :SEG_UNIXSTACK => "__UNIXSTACK",
+      :SEG_IMPORT => "__IMPORT",
+    }.freeze
+
+    # association of segment flag symbols to values
+    # @api private
+    SEGMENT_FLAGS = {
+      :SG_HIGHVM => 0x1,
+      :SG_FVMLIB => 0x2,
+      :SG_NORELOC => 0x4,
+      :SG_PROTECTED_VERSION_1 => 0x8,
+    }.freeze
+
+    # Mach-O load command structure
+    # This is the most generic load command - only cmd ID and size are
+    # represented, and no actual data. Used when a more specific class
+    # isn't available/implemented.
+    class LoadCommand < MachOStructure
+      # @return [MachO::MachOView] the raw view associated with the load command
+      attr_reader :view
+
+      # @return [Fixnum] the load command's identifying number
+      attr_reader :cmd
+
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the load command, in bytes
+      attr_reader :cmdsize
+
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 8
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 8
 
-    # Instantiates a new LoadCommand given a view into its origin Mach-O
-    # @param view [MachO::MachOView] the load command's raw view
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand] the new load command
-    # @api private
-    def self.new_from_bin(view)
-      bin = view.raw_data.slice(view.offset, bytesize)
-      format = Utils.specialize_format(self::FORMAT, view.endianness)
+      # Instantiates a new LoadCommand given a view into its origin Mach-O
+      # @param view [MachO::MachOView] the load command's raw view
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand] the new load command
+      # @api private
+      def self.new_from_bin(view)
+        bin = view.raw_data.slice(view.offset, bytesize)
+        format = Utils.specialize_format(self::FORMAT, view.endianness)
 
-      new(view, *bin.unpack(format))
-    end
+        new(view, *bin.unpack(format))
+      end
 
-    # Creates a new (viewless) command corresponding to the symbol provided
-    # @param cmd_sym [Symbol] the symbol of the load command being created
-    # @param args [Array] the arguments for the load command being created
-    def self.create(cmd_sym, *args)
-      raise LoadCommandNotCreatableError, cmd_sym unless CREATABLE_LOAD_COMMANDS.include?(cmd_sym)
+      # Creates a new (viewless) command corresponding to the symbol provided
+      # @param cmd_sym [Symbol] the symbol of the load command being created
+      # @param args [Array] the arguments for the load command being created
+      def self.create(cmd_sym, *args)
+        raise LoadCommandNotCreatableError, cmd_sym unless CREATABLE_LOAD_COMMANDS.include?(cmd_sym)
 
-      klass = MachO.const_get LC_STRUCTURES[cmd_sym]
-      cmd = LOAD_COMMAND_CONSTANTS[cmd_sym]
+        klass = LoadCommands.const_get LC_STRUCTURES[cmd_sym]
+        cmd = LOAD_COMMAND_CONSTANTS[cmd_sym]
 
-      # cmd will be filled in, view and cmdsize will be left unpopulated
-      klass_arity = klass.instance_method(:initialize).arity - 3
+        # cmd will be filled in, view and cmdsize will be left unpopulated
+        klass_arity = klass.instance_method(:initialize).arity - 3
 
-      raise LoadCommandCreationArityError.new(cmd_sym, klass_arity, args.size) if klass_arity != args.size
+        raise LoadCommandCreationArityError.new(cmd_sym, klass_arity, args.size) if klass_arity != args.size
 
-      klass.new(nil, cmd, nil, *args)
-    end
+        klass.new(nil, cmd, nil, *args)
+      end
 
-    # @param view [MachO::MachOView] the load command's raw view
-    # @param cmd [Fixnum] the load command's identifying number
-    # @param cmdsize [Fixnum] the size of the load command in bytes
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @view = view
-      @cmd = cmd
-      @cmdsize = cmdsize
-    end
+      # @param view [MachO::MachOView] the load command's raw view
+      # @param cmd [Fixnum] the load command's identifying number
+      # @param cmdsize [Fixnum] the size of the load command in bytes
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @view = view
+        @cmd = cmd
+        @cmdsize = cmdsize
+      end
 
-    # @return [Boolean] true if the load command can be serialized, false otherwise
-    def serializable?
-      CREATABLE_LOAD_COMMANDS.include?(LOAD_COMMANDS[cmd])
-    end
+      # @return [Boolean] true if the load command can be serialized, false otherwise
+      def serializable?
+        CREATABLE_LOAD_COMMANDS.include?(LOAD_COMMANDS[cmd])
+      end
 
-    # @param context [MachO::LoadCommand::SerializationContext] the context
-    #  to serialize into
-    # @return [String, nil] the serialized fields of the load command, or nil
-    #  if the load command can't be serialized
-    # @api private
-    def serialize(context)
-      raise LoadCommandNotSerializableError, LOAD_COMMANDS[cmd] unless serializable?
-      format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
-      [cmd, SIZEOF].pack(format)
-    end
+      # @param context [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::SerializationContext] the context
+      #  to serialize into
+      # @return [String, nil] the serialized fields of the load command, or nil
+      #  if the load command can't be serialized
+      # @api private
+      def serialize(context)
+        raise LoadCommandNotSerializableError, LOAD_COMMANDS[cmd] unless serializable?
+        format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
+        [cmd, SIZEOF].pack(format)
+      end
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the load command's offset in the source file
-    # @deprecated use {#view} instead
-    def offset
-      view.offset
-    end
+      # @return [Fixnum] the load command's offset in the source file
+      # @deprecated use {#view} instead
+      def offset
+        view.offset
+      end
 
-    # @return [Symbol] a symbol representation of the load command's identifying number
-    def type
-      LOAD_COMMANDS[cmd]
-    end
+      # @return [Symbol] a symbol representation of the load command's identifying number
+      def type
+        LOAD_COMMANDS[cmd]
+      end
 
-    alias to_sym type
+      alias to_sym type
 
-    # @return [String] a string representation of the load command's identifying number
-    def to_s
-      type.to_s
-    end
+      # @return [String] a string representation of the load command's identifying number
+      def to_s
+        type.to_s
+      end
 
-    # Represents a Load Command string. A rough analogue to the lc_str
-    # struct used internally by OS X. This class allows ruby-macho to
-    # pretend that strings stored in LCs are immediately available without
-    # explicit operations on the raw Mach-O data.
-    class LCStr
-      # @param lc [MachO::LoadCommand] the load command
-      # @param lc_str [Fixnum, String] the offset to the beginning of the string,
-      #  or the string itself if not being initialized with a view.
-      # @raise [MachO::LCStrMalformedError] if the string is malformed
-      # @todo devise a solution such that the `lc_str` parameter is not
-      #  interpreted differently depending on `lc.view`. The current behavior
-      #  is a hack to allow viewless load command creation.
-      # @api private
-      def initialize(lc, lc_str)
-        view = lc.view
-
-        if view
-          lc_str_abs = view.offset + lc_str
-          lc_end = view.offset + lc.cmdsize - 1
-          raw_string = view.raw_data.slice(lc_str_abs..lc_end)
-          @string, null_byte, _padding = raw_string.partition("\x00")
-          raise LCStrMalformedError, lc if null_byte.empty?
-          @string_offset = lc_str
-        else
-          @string = lc_str
-          @string_offset = 0
+      # Represents a Load Command string. A rough analogue to the lc_str
+      # struct used internally by OS X. This class allows ruby-macho to
+      # pretend that strings stored in LCs are immediately available without
+      # explicit operations on the raw Mach-O data.
+      class LCStr
+        # @param lc [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand] the load command
+        # @param lc_str [Fixnum, String] the offset to the beginning of the string,
+        #  or the string itself if not being initialized with a view.
+        # @raise [MachO::LCStrMalformedError] if the string is malformed
+        # @todo devise a solution such that the `lc_str` parameter is not
+        #  interpreted differently depending on `lc.view`. The current behavior
+        #  is a hack to allow viewless load command creation.
+        # @api private
+        def initialize(lc, lc_str)
+          view = lc.view
+
+          if view
+            lc_str_abs = view.offset + lc_str
+            lc_end = view.offset + lc.cmdsize - 1
+            raw_string = view.raw_data.slice(lc_str_abs..lc_end)
+            @string, null_byte, _padding = raw_string.partition("\x00")
+            raise LCStrMalformedError, lc if null_byte.empty?
+            @string_offset = lc_str
+          else
+            @string = lc_str
+            @string_offset = 0
+          end
         end
-      end
 
-      # @return [String] a string representation of the LCStr
-      def to_s
-        @string
-      end
+        # @return [String] a string representation of the LCStr
+        def to_s
+          @string
+        end
 
-      # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the beginning of the string in the load command
-      def to_i
-        @string_offset
+        # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the beginning of the string in the load command
+        def to_i
+          @string_offset
+        end
       end
-    end
 
-    # Represents the contextual information needed by a load command to
-    # serialize itself correctly into a binary string.
-    class SerializationContext
-      # @return [Symbol] the endianness of the serialized load command
-      attr_reader :endianness
+      # Represents the contextual information needed by a load command to
+      # serialize itself correctly into a binary string.
+      class SerializationContext
+        # @return [Symbol] the endianness of the serialized load command
+        attr_reader :endianness
 
-      # @return [Fixnum] the constant alignment value used to pad the serialized load command
-      attr_reader :alignment
+        # @return [Fixnum] the constant alignment value used to pad the serialized load command
+        attr_reader :alignment
 
-      # @param macho [MachO::MachOFile] the file to contextualize
-      # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::SerializationContext] the resulting context
-      def self.context_for(macho)
-        new(macho.endianness, macho.alignment)
-      end
+        # @param macho [MachO::MachOFile] the file to contextualize
+        # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::SerializationContext] the resulting context
+        def self.context_for(macho)
+          new(macho.endianness, macho.alignment)
+        end
 
-      # @param endianness [Symbol] the endianness of the context
-      # @param alignment [Fixnum] the alignment of the context
-      # @api private
-      def initialize(endianness, alignment)
-        @endianness = endianness
-        @alignment = alignment
+        # @param endianness [Symbol] the endianness of the context
+        # @param alignment [Fixnum] the alignment of the context
+        # @api private
+        def initialize(endianness, alignment)
+          @endianness = endianness
+          @alignment = alignment
+        end
       end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing a single 128-bit unique random number identifying
-  # an object produced by static link editor. Corresponds to LC_UUID.
-  class UUIDCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Array<Fixnum>] the UUID
-    attr_reader :uuid
+    # A load command containing a single 128-bit unique random number identifying
+    # an object produced by static link editor. Corresponds to LC_UUID.
+    class UUIDCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Array<Fixnum>] the UUID
+      attr_reader :uuid
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2a16".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2a16".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 24
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 24
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, uuid)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @uuid = uuid.unpack("C16") # re-unpack for the actual UUID array
-    end
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, uuid)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @uuid = uuid.unpack("C16") # re-unpack for the actual UUID array
+      end
 
-    # @return [String] a string representation of the UUID
-    def uuid_string
-      hexes = uuid.map { |e| "%02x" % e }
-      segs = [
-        hexes[0..3].join, hexes[4..5].join, hexes[6..7].join,
-        hexes[8..9].join, hexes[10..15].join
-      ]
+      # @return [String] a string representation of the UUID
+      def uuid_string
+        hexes = uuid.map { |e| "%02x" % e }
+        segs = [
+          hexes[0..3].join, hexes[4..5].join, hexes[6..7].join,
+          hexes[8..9].join, hexes[10..15].join
+        ]
 
-      segs.join("-")
+        segs.join("-")
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command indicating that part of this file is to be mapped into
-  # the task's address space. Corresponds to LC_SEGMENT.
-  class SegmentCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [String] the name of the segment
-    attr_reader :segname
+    # A load command indicating that part of this file is to be mapped into
+    # the task's address space. Corresponds to LC_SEGMENT.
+    class SegmentCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [String] the name of the segment
+      attr_reader :segname
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the memory address of the segment
-    attr_reader :vmaddr
+      # @return [Fixnum] the memory address of the segment
+      attr_reader :vmaddr
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the memory size of the segment
-    attr_reader :vmsize
+      # @return [Fixnum] the memory size of the segment
+      attr_reader :vmsize
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset of the segment
-    attr_reader :fileoff
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset of the segment
+      attr_reader :fileoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the amount to map from the file
-    attr_reader :filesize
+      # @return [Fixnum] the amount to map from the file
+      attr_reader :filesize
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the maximum VM protection
-    attr_reader :maxprot
+      # @return [Fixnum] the maximum VM protection
+      attr_reader :maxprot
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the initial VM protection
-    attr_reader :initprot
+      # @return [Fixnum] the initial VM protection
+      attr_reader :initprot
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of sections in the segment
-    attr_reader :nsects
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of sections in the segment
+      attr_reader :nsects
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] any flags associated with the segment
-    attr_reader :flags
+      # @return [Fixnum] any flags associated with the segment
+      attr_reader :flags
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2a16L=4l=2L=2".freeze
-
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 56
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2a16L=4l=2L=2".freeze
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, segname, vmaddr, vmsize, fileoff,
-                   filesize, maxprot, initprot, nsects, flags)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @segname = segname.delete("\x00")
-      @vmaddr = vmaddr
-      @vmsize = vmsize
-      @fileoff = fileoff
-      @filesize = filesize
-      @maxprot = maxprot
-      @initprot = initprot
-      @nsects = nsects
-      @flags = flags
-    end
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 56
 
-    # All sections referenced within this segment.
-    # @return [Array<MachO::Section>] if the Mach-O is 32-bit
-    # @return [Array<MachO::Section64>] if the Mach-O is 64-bit
-    def sections
-      klass = case self
-      when MachO::SegmentCommand64
-        MachO::Section64
-      when MachO::SegmentCommand
-        MachO::Section
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, segname, vmaddr, vmsize, fileoff,
+                     filesize, maxprot, initprot, nsects, flags)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @segname = segname.delete("\x00")
+        @vmaddr = vmaddr
+        @vmsize = vmsize
+        @fileoff = fileoff
+        @filesize = filesize
+        @maxprot = maxprot
+        @initprot = initprot
+        @nsects = nsects
+        @flags = flags
       end
 
-      bins = view.raw_data[view.offset + self.class.bytesize, nsects * klass.bytesize]
-      bins.unpack("a#{klass.bytesize}" * nsects).map do |bin|
-        klass.new_from_bin(view.endianness, bin)
+      # All sections referenced within this segment.
+      # @return [Array<MachO::Sections::Section>] if the Mach-O is 32-bit
+      # @return [Array<MachO::Sections::Section64>] if the Mach-O is 64-bit
+      def sections
+        klass = case self
+        when SegmentCommand64
+          MachO::Sections::Section64
+        when SegmentCommand
+          MachO::Sections::Section
+        end
+
+        bins = view.raw_data[view.offset + self.class.bytesize, nsects * klass.bytesize]
+        bins.unpack("a#{klass.bytesize}" * nsects).map do |bin|
+          klass.new_from_bin(view.endianness, bin)
+        end
       end
-    end
 
-    # @example
-    #  puts "this segment relocated in/to it" if sect.flag?(:SG_NORELOC)
-    # @param flag [Symbol] a segment flag symbol
-    # @return [Boolean] true if `flag` is present in the segment's flag field
-    def flag?(flag)
-      flag = SEGMENT_FLAGS[flag]
-      return false if flag.nil?
-      flags & flag == flag
+      # @example
+      #  puts "this segment relocated in/to it" if sect.flag?(:SG_NORELOC)
+      # @param flag [Symbol] a segment flag symbol
+      # @return [Boolean] true if `flag` is present in the segment's flag field
+      def flag?(flag)
+        flag = SEGMENT_FLAGS[flag]
+        return false if flag.nil?
+        flags & flag == flag
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command indicating that part of this file is to be mapped into
-  # the task's address space. Corresponds to LC_SEGMENT_64.
-  class SegmentCommand64 < SegmentCommand
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2a16Q=4l=2L=2".freeze
+    # A load command indicating that part of this file is to be mapped into
+    # the task's address space. Corresponds to LC_SEGMENT_64.
+    class SegmentCommand64 < SegmentCommand
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2a16Q=4l=2L=2".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 72
-  end
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 72
+    end
 
-  # A load command representing some aspect of shared libraries, depending
-  # on filetype. Corresponds to LC_ID_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB,
-  # and LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB.
-  class DylibCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the library's path name as an LCStr
-    attr_reader :name
+    # A load command representing some aspect of shared libraries, depending
+    # on filetype. Corresponds to LC_ID_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB,
+    # and LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB.
+    class DylibCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the library's path name as an LCStr
+      attr_reader :name
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the library's build time stamp
-    attr_reader :timestamp
+      # @return [Fixnum] the library's build time stamp
+      attr_reader :timestamp
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the library's current version number
-    attr_reader :current_version
+      # @return [Fixnum] the library's current version number
+      attr_reader :current_version
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the library's compatibility version number
-    attr_reader :compatibility_version
+      # @return [Fixnum] the library's compatibility version number
+      attr_reader :compatibility_version
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 24
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 24
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name, timestamp, current_version, compatibility_version)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
-      @timestamp = timestamp
-      @current_version = current_version
-      @compatibility_version = compatibility_version
-    end
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name, timestamp, current_version, compatibility_version)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
+        @timestamp = timestamp
+        @current_version = current_version
+        @compatibility_version = compatibility_version
+      end
 
-    # @param context [MachO::LoadCcommand::SerializationContext] the context
-    # @return [String] the serialized fields of the load command
-    # @api private
-    def serialize(context)
-      format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
-      string_payload, string_offsets = Utils.pack_strings(SIZEOF, context.alignment, :name => name.to_s)
-      cmdsize = SIZEOF + string_payload.bytesize
-      [cmd, cmdsize, string_offsets[:name], timestamp, current_version,
-       compatibility_version].pack(format) + string_payload
+      # @param context [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::SerializationContext] the context
+      # @return [String] the serialized fields of the load command
+      # @api private
+      def serialize(context)
+        format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
+        string_payload, string_offsets = Utils.pack_strings(SIZEOF, context.alignment, :name => name.to_s)
+        cmdsize = SIZEOF + string_payload.bytesize
+        [cmd, cmdsize, string_offsets[:name], timestamp, current_version,
+         compatibility_version].pack(format) + string_payload
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command representing some aspect of the dynamic linker, depending
-  # on filetype. Corresponds to LC_ID_DYLINKER, LC_LOAD_DYLINKER, and
-  # LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT.
-  class DylinkerCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the dynamic linker's path name as an LCStr
-    attr_reader :name
+    # A load command representing some aspect of the dynamic linker, depending
+    # on filetype. Corresponds to LC_ID_DYLINKER, LC_LOAD_DYLINKER, and
+    # LC_DYLD_ENVIRONMENT.
+    class DylinkerCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the dynamic linker's path name as an LCStr
+      attr_reader :name
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 12
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 12
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
-    end
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
+      end
 
-    # @param context [MachO::LoadCcommand::SerializationContext] the context
-    # @return [String] the serialized fields of the load command
-    # @api private
-    def serialize(context)
-      format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
-      string_payload, string_offsets = Utils.pack_strings(SIZEOF, context.alignment, :name => name.to_s)
-      cmdsize = SIZEOF + string_payload.bytesize
-      [cmd, cmdsize, string_offsets[:name]].pack(format) + string_payload
+      # @param context [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::SerializationContext] the context
+      # @return [String] the serialized fields of the load command
+      # @api private
+      def serialize(context)
+        format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
+        string_payload, string_offsets = Utils.pack_strings(SIZEOF, context.alignment, :name => name.to_s)
+        cmdsize = SIZEOF + string_payload.bytesize
+        [cmd, cmdsize, string_offsets[:name]].pack(format) + string_payload
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command used to indicate dynamic libraries used in prebinding.
-  # Corresponds to LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB.
-  class PreboundDylibCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the library's path name as an LCStr
-    attr_reader :name
+    # A load command used to indicate dynamic libraries used in prebinding.
+    # Corresponds to LC_PREBOUND_DYLIB.
+    class PreboundDylibCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the library's path name as an LCStr
+      attr_reader :name
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of modules in the library
-    attr_reader :nmodules
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of modules in the library
+      attr_reader :nmodules
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] a bit vector of linked modules
-    attr_reader :linked_modules
+      # @return [Fixnum] a bit vector of linked modules
+      attr_reader :linked_modules
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 20
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 20
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name, nmodules, linked_modules)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
-      @nmodules = nmodules
-      @linked_modules = linked_modules
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name, nmodules, linked_modules)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
+        @nmodules = nmodules
+        @linked_modules = linked_modules
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command used to represent threads.
-  # @note cctools-870 has all fields of thread_command commented out except common ones (cmd, cmdsize)
-  class ThreadCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
+    # A load command used to represent threads.
+    # @note cctools-870 has all fields of thread_command commented out except common ones (cmd, cmdsize)
+    class ThreadCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 8
-  end
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 8
+    end
 
-  # A load command containing the address of the dynamic shared library
-  # initialization routine and an index into the module table for the module
-  # that defines the routine. Corresponds to LC_ROUTINES.
-  class RoutinesCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the address of the initialization routine
-    attr_reader :init_address
+    # A load command containing the address of the dynamic shared library
+    # initialization routine and an index into the module table for the module
+    # that defines the routine. Corresponds to LC_ROUTINES.
+    class RoutinesCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the address of the initialization routine
+      attr_reader :init_address
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the index into the module table that the init routine is defined in
-    attr_reader :init_module
+      # @return [Fixnum] the index into the module table that the init routine is defined in
+      attr_reader :init_module
 
-    # @return [void]
-    attr_reader :reserved1
+      # @return [void]
+      attr_reader :reserved1
 
-    # @return [void]
-    attr_reader :reserved2
+      # @return [void]
+      attr_reader :reserved2
 
-    # @return [void]
-    attr_reader :reserved3
+      # @return [void]
+      attr_reader :reserved3
 
-    # @return [void]
-    attr_reader :reserved4
+      # @return [void]
+      attr_reader :reserved4
 
-    # @return [void]
-    attr_reader :reserved5
+      # @return [void]
+      attr_reader :reserved5
 
-    # @return [void]
-    attr_reader :reserved6
+      # @return [void]
+      attr_reader :reserved6
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=10".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=10".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 40
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 40
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, init_address, init_module, reserved1,
-                   reserved2, reserved3, reserved4, reserved5, reserved6)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @init_address = init_address
-      @init_module = init_module
-      @reserved1 = reserved1
-      @reserved2 = reserved2
-      @reserved3 = reserved3
-      @reserved4 = reserved4
-      @reserved5 = reserved5
-      @reserved6 = reserved6
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, init_address, init_module, reserved1,
+                     reserved2, reserved3, reserved4, reserved5, reserved6)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @init_address = init_address
+        @init_module = init_module
+        @reserved1 = reserved1
+        @reserved2 = reserved2
+        @reserved3 = reserved3
+        @reserved4 = reserved4
+        @reserved5 = reserved5
+        @reserved6 = reserved6
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing the address of the dynamic shared library
-  # initialization routine and an index into the module table for the module
-  # that defines the routine. Corresponds to LC_ROUTINES_64.
-  class RoutinesCommand64 < RoutinesCommand
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2Q=8".freeze
+    # A load command containing the address of the dynamic shared library
+    # initialization routine and an index into the module table for the module
+    # that defines the routine. Corresponds to LC_ROUTINES_64.
+    class RoutinesCommand64 < RoutinesCommand
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2Q=8".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 72
-  end
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 72
+    end
 
-  # A load command signifying membership of a subframework containing the name
-  # of an umbrella framework. Corresponds to LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK.
-  class SubFrameworkCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the umbrella framework name as an LCStr
-    attr_reader :umbrella
+    # A load command signifying membership of a subframework containing the name
+    # of an umbrella framework. Corresponds to LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK.
+    class SubFrameworkCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the umbrella framework name as an LCStr
+      attr_reader :umbrella
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 12
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 12
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, umbrella)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @umbrella = LCStr.new(self, umbrella)
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, umbrella)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @umbrella = LCStr.new(self, umbrella)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command signifying membership of a subumbrella containing the name
-  # of an umbrella framework. Corresponds to LC_SUB_UMBRELLA.
-  class SubUmbrellaCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the subumbrella framework name as an LCStr
-    attr_reader :sub_umbrella
+    # A load command signifying membership of a subumbrella containing the name
+    # of an umbrella framework. Corresponds to LC_SUB_UMBRELLA.
+    class SubUmbrellaCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the subumbrella framework name as an LCStr
+      attr_reader :sub_umbrella
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 12
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 12
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, sub_umbrella)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @sub_umbrella = LCStr.new(self, sub_umbrella)
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, sub_umbrella)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @sub_umbrella = LCStr.new(self, sub_umbrella)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command signifying a sublibrary of a shared library. Corresponds
-  # to LC_SUB_LIBRARY.
-  class SubLibraryCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the sublibrary name as an LCStr
-    attr_reader :sub_library
+    # A load command signifying a sublibrary of a shared library. Corresponds
+    # to LC_SUB_LIBRARY.
+    class SubLibraryCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the sublibrary name as an LCStr
+      attr_reader :sub_library
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 12
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 12
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, sub_library)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @sub_library = LCStr.new(self, sub_library)
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, sub_library)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @sub_library = LCStr.new(self, sub_library)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command signifying a shared library that is a subframework of
-  # an umbrella framework. Corresponds to LC_SUB_CLIENT.
-  class SubClientCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the subclient name as an LCStr
-    attr_reader :sub_client
+    # A load command signifying a shared library that is a subframework of
+    # an umbrella framework. Corresponds to LC_SUB_CLIENT.
+    class SubClientCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the subclient name as an LCStr
+      attr_reader :sub_client
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 12
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 12
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, sub_client)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @sub_client = LCStr.new(self, sub_client)
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, sub_client)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @sub_client = LCStr.new(self, sub_client)
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing the offsets and sizes of the link-edit 4.3BSD
-  # "stab" style symbol table information. Corresponds to LC_SYMTAB.
-  class SymtabCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the symbol table's offset
-    attr_reader :symoff
+    # A load command containing the offsets and sizes of the link-edit 4.3BSD
+    # "stab" style symbol table information. Corresponds to LC_SYMTAB.
+    class SymtabCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the symbol table's offset
+      attr_reader :symoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of symbol table entries
-    attr_reader :nsyms
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of symbol table entries
+      attr_reader :nsyms
 
-    # @return the string table's offset
-    attr_reader :stroff
+      # @return the string table's offset
+      attr_reader :stroff
 
-    # @return the string table size in bytes
-    attr_reader :strsize
+      # @return the string table size in bytes
+      attr_reader :strsize
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 24
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 24
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, symoff, nsyms, stroff, strsize)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @symoff = symoff
-      @nsyms = nsyms
-      @stroff = stroff
-      @strsize = strsize
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, symoff, nsyms, stroff, strsize)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @symoff = symoff
+        @nsyms = nsyms
+        @stroff = stroff
+        @strsize = strsize
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing symbolic information needed to support data
-  # structures used by the dynamic link editor. Corresponds to LC_DYSYMTAB.
-  class DysymtabCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the index to local symbols
-    attr_reader :ilocalsym
+    # A load command containing symbolic information needed to support data
+    # structures used by the dynamic link editor. Corresponds to LC_DYSYMTAB.
+    class DysymtabCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the index to local symbols
+      attr_reader :ilocalsym
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of local symbols
-    attr_reader :nlocalsym
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of local symbols
+      attr_reader :nlocalsym
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the index to externally defined symbols
-    attr_reader :iextdefsym
+      # @return [Fixnum] the index to externally defined symbols
+      attr_reader :iextdefsym
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of externally defined symbols
-    attr_reader :nextdefsym
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of externally defined symbols
+      attr_reader :nextdefsym
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the index to undefined symbols
-    attr_reader :iundefsym
+      # @return [Fixnum] the index to undefined symbols
+      attr_reader :iundefsym
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of undefined symbols
-    attr_reader :nundefsym
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of undefined symbols
+      attr_reader :nundefsym
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the table of contents
-    attr_reader :tocoff
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the table of contents
+      attr_reader :tocoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of entries in the table of contents
-    attr_reader :ntoc
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of entries in the table of contents
+      attr_reader :ntoc
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the module table
-    attr_reader :modtaboff
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the module table
+      attr_reader :modtaboff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of entries in the module table
-    attr_reader :nmodtab
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of entries in the module table
+      attr_reader :nmodtab
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the referenced symbol table
-    attr_reader :extrefsymoff
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the referenced symbol table
+      attr_reader :extrefsymoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of entries in the referenced symbol table
-    attr_reader :nextrefsyms
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of entries in the referenced symbol table
+      attr_reader :nextrefsyms
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the indirect symbol table
-    attr_reader :indirectsymoff
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the indirect symbol table
+      attr_reader :indirectsymoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of entries in the indirect symbol table
-    attr_reader :nindirectsyms
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of entries in the indirect symbol table
+      attr_reader :nindirectsyms
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the external relocation entries
-    attr_reader :extreloff
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the external relocation entries
+      attr_reader :extreloff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of external relocation entries
-    attr_reader :nextrel
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of external relocation entries
+      attr_reader :nextrel
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the local relocation entries
-    attr_reader :locreloff
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the local relocation entries
+      attr_reader :locreloff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of local relocation entries
-    attr_reader :nlocrel
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of local relocation entries
+      attr_reader :nlocrel
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=20".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=20".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 80
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 80
 
-    # ugh
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, ilocalsym, nlocalsym, iextdefsym,
-                   nextdefsym, iundefsym, nundefsym, tocoff, ntoc, modtaboff,
-                   nmodtab, extrefsymoff, nextrefsyms, indirectsymoff,
-                   nindirectsyms, extreloff, nextrel, locreloff, nlocrel)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @ilocalsym = ilocalsym
-      @nlocalsym = nlocalsym
-      @iextdefsym = iextdefsym
-      @nextdefsym = nextdefsym
-      @iundefsym = iundefsym
-      @nundefsym = nundefsym
-      @tocoff = tocoff
-      @ntoc = ntoc
-      @modtaboff = modtaboff
-      @nmodtab = nmodtab
-      @extrefsymoff = extrefsymoff
-      @nextrefsyms = nextrefsyms
-      @indirectsymoff = indirectsymoff
-      @nindirectsyms = nindirectsyms
-      @extreloff = extreloff
-      @nextrel = nextrel
-      @locreloff = locreloff
-      @nlocrel = nlocrel
+      # ugh
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, ilocalsym, nlocalsym, iextdefsym,
+                     nextdefsym, iundefsym, nundefsym, tocoff, ntoc, modtaboff,
+                     nmodtab, extrefsymoff, nextrefsyms, indirectsymoff,
+                     nindirectsyms, extreloff, nextrel, locreloff, nlocrel)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @ilocalsym = ilocalsym
+        @nlocalsym = nlocalsym
+        @iextdefsym = iextdefsym
+        @nextdefsym = nextdefsym
+        @iundefsym = iundefsym
+        @nundefsym = nundefsym
+        @tocoff = tocoff
+        @ntoc = ntoc
+        @modtaboff = modtaboff
+        @nmodtab = nmodtab
+        @extrefsymoff = extrefsymoff
+        @nextrefsyms = nextrefsyms
+        @indirectsymoff = indirectsymoff
+        @nindirectsyms = nindirectsyms
+        @extreloff = extreloff
+        @nextrel = nextrel
+        @locreloff = locreloff
+        @nlocrel = nlocrel
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing the offset and number of hints in the two-level
-  # namespace lookup hints table. Corresponds to LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS.
-  class TwolevelHintsCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the hint table
-    attr_reader :htoffset
+    # A load command containing the offset and number of hints in the two-level
+    # namespace lookup hints table. Corresponds to LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS.
+    class TwolevelHintsCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the hint table
+      attr_reader :htoffset
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of hints in the hint table
-    attr_reader :nhints
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of hints in the hint table
+      attr_reader :nhints
 
-    # @return [MachO::TwolevelHintsCommand::TwolevelHintTable] the hint table
-    attr_reader :table
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::TwolevelHintsCommand::TwolevelHintTable] the hint table
+      attr_reader :table
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 16
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 16
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, htoffset, nhints)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @htoffset = htoffset
-      @nhints = nhints
-      @table = TwolevelHintsTable.new(view, htoffset, nhints)
-    end
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, htoffset, nhints)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @htoffset = htoffset
+        @nhints = nhints
+        @table = TwolevelHintsTable.new(view, htoffset, nhints)
+      end
 
-    # A representation of the two-level namespace lookup hints table exposed
-    # by a {TwolevelHintsCommand} (`LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS`).
-    class TwolevelHintsTable
-      # @return [Array<MachO::TwoLevelHintsTable::TwoLevelHint>] all hints in the table
-      attr_reader :hints
+      # A representation of the two-level namespace lookup hints table exposed
+      # by a {TwolevelHintsCommand} (`LC_TWOLEVEL_HINTS`).
+      class TwolevelHintsTable
+        # @return [Array<MachO::LoadCommands::TwoLevelHintsCommand::TwoLevelHintsTable::TwoLevelHint>] all hints in the table
+        attr_reader :hints
 
-      # @param view [MachO::MachOView] the view into the current Mach-O
-      # @param htoffset [Fixnum] the offset of the hints table
-      # @param nhints [Fixnum] the number of two-level hints in the table
-      # @api private
-      def initialize(view, htoffset, nhints)
-        format = Utils.specialize_format("L=#{nhints}", view.endianness)
-        raw_table = view.raw_data[htoffset, nhints * 4]
-        blobs = raw_table.unpack(format)
+        # @param view [MachO::MachOView] the view into the current Mach-O
+        # @param htoffset [Fixnum] the offset of the hints table
+        # @param nhints [Fixnum] the number of two-level hints in the table
+        # @api private
+        def initialize(view, htoffset, nhints)
+          format = Utils.specialize_format("L=#{nhints}", view.endianness)
+          raw_table = view.raw_data[htoffset, nhints * 4]
+          blobs = raw_table.unpack(format)
 
-        @hints = blobs.map { |b| TwolevelHint.new(b) }
-      end
+          @hints = blobs.map { |b| TwolevelHint.new(b) }
+        end
 
-      # An individual two-level namespace lookup hint.
-      class TwolevelHint
-        # @return [Fixnum] the index into the sub-images
-        attr_reader :isub_image
+        # An individual two-level namespace lookup hint.
+        class TwolevelHint
+          # @return [Fixnum] the index into the sub-images
+          attr_reader :isub_image
 
-        # @return [Fixnum] the index into the table of contents
-        attr_reader :itoc
+          # @return [Fixnum] the index into the table of contents
+          attr_reader :itoc
 
-        # @param blob [Fixnum] the 32-bit number containing the lookup hint
-        # @api private
-        def initialize(blob)
-          @isub_image = blob >> 24
-          @itoc = blob & 0x00FFFFFF
+          # @param blob [Fixnum] the 32-bit number containing the lookup hint
+          # @api private
+          def initialize(blob)
+            @isub_image = blob >> 24
+            @itoc = blob & 0x00FFFFFF
+          end
         end
       end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing the value of the original checksum for prebound
-  # files, or zero. Corresponds to LC_PREBIND_CKSUM.
-  class PrebindCksumCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the checksum or 0
-    attr_reader :cksum
+    # A load command containing the value of the original checksum for prebound
+    # files, or zero. Corresponds to LC_PREBIND_CKSUM.
+    class PrebindCksumCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the checksum or 0
+      attr_reader :cksum
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 12
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 12
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, cksum)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @cksum = cksum
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, cksum)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @cksum = cksum
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command representing an rpath, which specifies a path that should
-  # be added to the current run path used to find @rpath prefixed dylibs.
-  # Corresponds to LC_RPATH.
-  class RpathCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the path to add to the run path as an LCStr
-    attr_reader :path
+    # A load command representing an rpath, which specifies a path that should
+    # be added to the current run path used to find @rpath prefixed dylibs.
+    # Corresponds to LC_RPATH.
+    class RpathCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the path to add to the run path as an LCStr
+      attr_reader :path
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 12
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 12
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, path)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @path = LCStr.new(self, path)
-    end
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, path)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @path = LCStr.new(self, path)
+      end
 
-    # @param context [MachO::LoadCcommand::SerializationContext] the context
-    # @return [String] the serialized fields of the load command
-    # @api private
-    def serialize(context)
-      format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
-      string_payload, string_offsets = Utils.pack_strings(SIZEOF, context.alignment, :path => path.to_s)
-      cmdsize = SIZEOF + string_payload.bytesize
-      [cmd, cmdsize, string_offsets[:path]].pack(format) + string_payload
+      # @param context [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::SerializationContext] the context
+      # @return [String] the serialized fields of the load command
+      # @api private
+      def serialize(context)
+        format = Utils.specialize_format(FORMAT, context.endianness)
+        string_payload, string_offsets = Utils.pack_strings(SIZEOF, context.alignment, :path => path.to_s)
+        cmdsize = SIZEOF + string_payload.bytesize
+        [cmd, cmdsize, string_offsets[:path]].pack(format) + string_payload
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command representing the offsets and sizes of a blob of data in
-  # the __LINKEDIT segment. Corresponds to LC_CODE_SIGNATURE, LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO,
-  # LC_FUNCTION_STARTS, LC_DATA_IN_CODE, LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS, and LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT.
-  class LinkeditDataCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] offset to the data in the __LINKEDIT segment
-    attr_reader :dataoff
+    # A load command representing the offsets and sizes of a blob of data in
+    # the __LINKEDIT segment. Corresponds to LC_CODE_SIGNATURE, LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO,
+    # LC_FUNCTION_STARTS, LC_DATA_IN_CODE, LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS, and LC_LINKER_OPTIMIZATION_HINT.
+    class LinkeditDataCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] offset to the data in the __LINKEDIT segment
+      attr_reader :dataoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] size of the data in the __LINKEDIT segment
-    attr_reader :datasize
+      # @return [Fixnum] size of the data in the __LINKEDIT segment
+      attr_reader :datasize
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 16
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 16
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, dataoff, datasize)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @dataoff = dataoff
-      @datasize = datasize
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, dataoff, datasize)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @dataoff = dataoff
+        @datasize = datasize
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command representing the offset to and size of an encrypted
-  # segment. Corresponds to LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO.
-  class EncryptionInfoCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the encrypted segment
-    attr_reader :cryptoff
+    # A load command representing the offset to and size of an encrypted
+    # segment. Corresponds to LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO.
+    class EncryptionInfoCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the encrypted segment
+      attr_reader :cryptoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the encrypted segment
-    attr_reader :cryptsize
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the encrypted segment
+      attr_reader :cryptsize
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the encryption system, or 0 if not encrypted yet
-    attr_reader :cryptid
+      # @return [Fixnum] the encryption system, or 0 if not encrypted yet
+      attr_reader :cryptid
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 20
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 20
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, cryptoff, cryptsize, cryptid)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @cryptoff = cryptoff
-      @cryptsize = cryptsize
-      @cryptid = cryptid
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, cryptoff, cryptsize, cryptid)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @cryptoff = cryptoff
+        @cryptsize = cryptsize
+        @cryptid = cryptid
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command representing the offset to and size of an encrypted
-  # segment. Corresponds to LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64.
-  class EncryptionInfoCommand64 < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the encrypted segment
-    attr_reader :cryptoff
+    # A load command representing the offset to and size of an encrypted
+    # segment. Corresponds to LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO_64.
+    class EncryptionInfoCommand64 < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the encrypted segment
+      attr_reader :cryptoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the encrypted segment
-    attr_reader :cryptsize
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the encrypted segment
+      attr_reader :cryptsize
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the encryption system, or 0 if not encrypted yet
-    attr_reader :cryptid
+      # @return [Fixnum] the encryption system, or 0 if not encrypted yet
+      attr_reader :cryptid
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] 64-bit padding value
-    attr_reader :pad
+      # @return [Fixnum] 64-bit padding value
+      attr_reader :pad
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=6".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 24
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 24
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, cryptoff, cryptsize, cryptid, pad)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @cryptoff = cryptoff
-      @cryptsize = cryptsize
-      @cryptid = cryptid
-      @pad = pad
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, cryptoff, cryptsize, cryptid, pad)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @cryptoff = cryptoff
+        @cryptsize = cryptsize
+        @cryptid = cryptid
+        @pad = pad
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing the minimum OS version on which the binary
-  # was built to run. Corresponds to LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX and LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS.
-  class VersionMinCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the version X.Y.Z packed as x16.y8.z8
-    attr_reader :version
+    # A load command containing the minimum OS version on which the binary
+    # was built to run. Corresponds to LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX and LC_VERSION_MIN_IPHONEOS.
+    class VersionMinCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the version X.Y.Z packed as x16.y8.z8
+      attr_reader :version
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the SDK version X.Y.Z packed as x16.y8.z8
-    attr_reader :sdk
+      # @return [Fixnum] the SDK version X.Y.Z packed as x16.y8.z8
+      attr_reader :sdk
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 16
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 16
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, version, sdk)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @version = version
-      @sdk = sdk
-    end
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, version, sdk)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @version = version
+        @sdk = sdk
+      end
 
-    # A string representation of the binary's minimum OS version.
-    # @return [String] a string representing the minimum OS version.
-    def version_string
-      binary = "%032b" % version
-      segs = [
-        binary[0..15], binary[16..23], binary[24..31]
-      ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
+      # A string representation of the binary's minimum OS version.
+      # @return [String] a string representing the minimum OS version.
+      def version_string
+        binary = "%032b" % version
+        segs = [
+          binary[0..15], binary[16..23], binary[24..31]
+        ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
 
-      segs.join(".")
-    end
+        segs.join(".")
+      end
 
-    # A string representation of the binary's SDK version.
-    # @return [String] a string representing the SDK version.
-    def sdk_string
-      binary = "%032b" % sdk
-      segs = [
-        binary[0..15], binary[16..23], binary[24..31]
-      ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
+      # A string representation of the binary's SDK version.
+      # @return [String] a string representing the SDK version.
+      def sdk_string
+        binary = "%032b" % sdk
+        segs = [
+          binary[0..15], binary[16..23], binary[24..31]
+        ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
 
-      segs.join(".")
+        segs.join(".")
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing the file offsets and sizes of the new
-  # compressed form of the information dyld needs to load the image.
-  # Corresponds to LC_DYLD_INFO and LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY.
-  class DyldInfoCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the rebase information
-    attr_reader :rebase_off
+    # A load command containing the file offsets and sizes of the new
+    # compressed form of the information dyld needs to load the image.
+    # Corresponds to LC_DYLD_INFO and LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY.
+    class DyldInfoCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the rebase information
+      attr_reader :rebase_off
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the rebase information
-    attr_reader :rebase_size
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the rebase information
+      attr_reader :rebase_size
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the binding information
-    attr_reader :bind_off
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the binding information
+      attr_reader :bind_off
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the binding information
-    attr_reader :bind_size
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the binding information
+      attr_reader :bind_size
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the weak binding information
-    attr_reader :weak_bind_off
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the weak binding information
+      attr_reader :weak_bind_off
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the weak binding information
-    attr_reader :weak_bind_size
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the weak binding information
+      attr_reader :weak_bind_size
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the lazy binding information
-    attr_reader :lazy_bind_off
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the lazy binding information
+      attr_reader :lazy_bind_off
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the lazy binding information
-    attr_reader :lazy_bind_size
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the lazy binding information
+      attr_reader :lazy_bind_size
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the export information
-    attr_reader :export_off
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file offset to the export information
+      attr_reader :export_off
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the export information
-    attr_reader :export_size
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the export information
+      attr_reader :export_size
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=12".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=12".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 48
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 48
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, rebase_off, rebase_size, bind_off,
-                   bind_size, weak_bind_off, weak_bind_size, lazy_bind_off,
-                   lazy_bind_size, export_off, export_size)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @rebase_off = rebase_off
-      @rebase_size = rebase_size
-      @bind_off = bind_off
-      @bind_size = bind_size
-      @weak_bind_off = weak_bind_off
-      @weak_bind_size = weak_bind_size
-      @lazy_bind_off = lazy_bind_off
-      @lazy_bind_size = lazy_bind_size
-      @export_off = export_off
-      @export_size = export_size
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, rebase_off, rebase_size, bind_off,
+                     bind_size, weak_bind_off, weak_bind_size, lazy_bind_off,
+                     lazy_bind_size, export_off, export_size)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @rebase_off = rebase_off
+        @rebase_size = rebase_size
+        @bind_off = bind_off
+        @bind_size = bind_size
+        @weak_bind_off = weak_bind_off
+        @weak_bind_size = weak_bind_size
+        @lazy_bind_off = lazy_bind_off
+        @lazy_bind_size = lazy_bind_size
+        @export_off = export_off
+        @export_size = export_size
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command containing linker options embedded in object files.
-  # Corresponds to LC_LINKER_OPTION.
-  class LinkerOptionCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the number of strings
-    attr_reader :count
+    # A load command containing linker options embedded in object files.
+    # Corresponds to LC_LINKER_OPTION.
+    class LinkerOptionCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the number of strings
+      attr_reader :count
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=3".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 12
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 12
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, count)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @count = count
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, count)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @count = count
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command specifying the offset of main(). Corresponds to LC_MAIN.
-  class EntryPointCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the file (__TEXT) offset of main()
-    attr_reader :entryoff
+    # A load command specifying the offset of main(). Corresponds to LC_MAIN.
+    class EntryPointCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the file (__TEXT) offset of main()
+      attr_reader :entryoff
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] if not 0, the initial stack size.
-    attr_reader :stacksize
+      # @return [Fixnum] if not 0, the initial stack size.
+      attr_reader :stacksize
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2Q=2".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2Q=2".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 24
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 24
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, entryoff, stacksize)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @entryoff = entryoff
-      @stacksize = stacksize
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, entryoff, stacksize)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @entryoff = entryoff
+        @stacksize = stacksize
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # A load command specifying the version of the sources used to build the
-  # binary. Corresponds to LC_SOURCE_VERSION.
-  class SourceVersionCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the version packed as a24.b10.c10.d10.e10
-    attr_reader :version
+    # A load command specifying the version of the sources used to build the
+    # binary. Corresponds to LC_SOURCE_VERSION.
+    class SourceVersionCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the version packed as a24.b10.c10.d10.e10
+      attr_reader :version
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2Q=1".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2Q=1".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 16
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 16
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, version)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @version = version
-    end
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, version)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @version = version
+      end
 
-    # A string representation of the sources used to build the binary.
-    # @return [String] a string representation of the version
-    def version_string
-      binary = "%064b" % version
-      segs = [
-        binary[0..23], binary[24..33], binary[34..43], binary[44..53],
-        binary[54..63]
-      ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
+      # A string representation of the sources used to build the binary.
+      # @return [String] a string representation of the version
+      def version_string
+        binary = "%064b" % version
+        segs = [
+          binary[0..23], binary[24..33], binary[34..43], binary[44..53],
+          binary[54..63]
+        ].map { |s| s.to_i(2) }
 
-      segs.join(".")
+        segs.join(".")
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # An obsolete load command containing the offset and size of the (GNU style)
-  # symbol table information. Corresponds to LC_SYMSEG.
-  class SymsegCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the symbol segment
-    attr_reader :offset
+    # An obsolete load command containing the offset and size of the (GNU style)
+    # symbol table information. Corresponds to LC_SYMSEG.
+    class SymsegCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [Fixnum] the offset to the symbol segment
+      attr_reader :offset
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the size of the symbol segment in bytes
-    attr_reader :size
+      # @return [Fixnum] the size of the symbol segment in bytes
+      attr_reader :size
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 16
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 16
 
-    # @api private
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, offset, size)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @offset = offset
-      @size = size
+      # @api private
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, offset, size)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @offset = offset
+        @size = size
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # An obsolete load command containing a free format string table. Each string
-  # is null-terminated and the command is zero-padded to a multiple of 4.
-  # Corresponds to LC_IDENT.
-  class IdentCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
+    # An obsolete load command containing a free format string table. Each string
+    # is null-terminated and the command is zero-padded to a multiple of 4.
+    # Corresponds to LC_IDENT.
+    class IdentCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=2".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 8
-  end
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 8
+    end
 
-  # An obsolete load command containing the path to a file to be loaded into
-  # memory. Corresponds to LC_FVMFILE.
-  class FvmfileCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the pathname of the file being loaded
-    attr_reader :name
+    # An obsolete load command containing the path to a file to be loaded into
+    # memory. Corresponds to LC_FVMFILE.
+    class FvmfileCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the pathname of the file being loaded
+      attr_reader :name
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the virtual address being loaded at
-    attr_reader :header_addr
+      # @return [Fixnum] the virtual address being loaded at
+      attr_reader :header_addr
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=4".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 16
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 16
 
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name, header_addr)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
-      @header_addr = header_addr
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name, header_addr)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
+        @header_addr = header_addr
+      end
     end
-  end
 
-  # An obsolete load command containing the path to a library to be loaded into
-  # memory. Corresponds to LC_LOADFVMLIB and LC_IDFVMLIB.
-  class FvmlibCommand < LoadCommand
-    # @return [MachO::LoadCommand::LCStr] the library's target pathname
-    attr_reader :name
+    # An obsolete load command containing the path to a library to be loaded into
+    # memory. Corresponds to LC_LOADFVMLIB and LC_IDFVMLIB.
+    class FvmlibCommand < LoadCommand
+      # @return [MachO::LoadCommands::LoadCommand::LCStr] the library's target pathname
+      attr_reader :name
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the library's minor version number
-    attr_reader :minor_version
+      # @return [Fixnum] the library's minor version number
+      attr_reader :minor_version
 
-    # @return [Fixnum] the library's header address
-    attr_reader :header_addr
+      # @return [Fixnum] the library's header address
+      attr_reader :header_addr
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
-    # @api private
-    FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
+      # @see MachOStructure::FORMAT
+      # @api private
+      FORMAT = "L=5".freeze
 
-    # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
-    # @api private
-    SIZEOF = 20
+      # @see MachOStructure::SIZEOF
+      # @api private
+      SIZEOF = 20
 
-    def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name, minor_version, header_addr)
-      super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
-      @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
-      @minor_version = minor_version
-      @header_addr = header_addr
+      def initialize(view, cmd, cmdsize, name, minor_version, header_addr)
+        super(view, cmd, cmdsize)
+        @name = LCStr.new(self, name)
+        @minor_version = minor_version
+        @header_addr = header_addr
+      end
     end
   end
 end