rtm 0.1.6 → 0.2.0

data/spec/rtm/sugar/occurrence/dynamic_value_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Copyright: Copyright 2009 Topic Maps Lab, University of Leipzig.
+# License:  Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../../../spec_helper'
+
+module Sugar::Occurrence::DynamicValue
+  describe self do
+    before(:each) do
+      @tm = get_used_tm_sys_tm
+    end
+    after(:each) do
+      @tm.close
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/spec/rtm/sugar/role/counterparts_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# Copyright: Copyright 2009 Topic Maps Lab, University of Leipzig.
+# License:   Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../../../spec_helper'
+
+module Sugar
+  module Role
+    module Counterparts
+      describe self do
+        before(:each) do
+          @tm = get_used_tm_sys_tm
+          @t1,@t2,@t3,@t4,@t5 = @tm.get!(["t1","t2","t3","t4","t5"])
+          @t_a1,@t_a2,@t_a3 = @tm.get!(["t_a1","t_a2","t_a3"])
+          @t_r1,@t_r2,@t_r3,@t_r4,@t_r5 = @tm.get!(["t_r1","t_r2","t_r3","t_r4","t_r5"])
+          @a1 = @tm.create_association(@t_a1)
+          @a2 = @tm.create_association(@t_a2)
+          @a3 = @tm.create_association(@t_a1)
+          @a4 = @tm.create_association(@t_a3)
+          @a5 = @tm.create_association(@t_a1)
+          @r1 = @a1.create_role(@t_r1, @t1)
+          @r2 = @a1.create_role(@t_r2, @t2)
+          @r3 = @a1.create_role(@t_r1, @t4)
+          @r4 = @a2.create_role(@t_r1, @t1)
+          @r5 = @a2.create_role(@t_r3, @t3)
+          @r6 = @a3.create_role(@t_r4, @t1)
+          @r7 = @a3.create_role(@t_r5, @t5)
+          @r8 = @a4.create_role(@t_r4, @t4)
+          @r9 = @a4.create_role(@t_r5, @t4)
+          @r10= @a5.create_role(@t_r2, @t5)
+        end
+        after(:each) do
+          @tm.close
+        end
+
+        describe "#counterparts" do
+          it "should give back all counterparts (roles) if no otype is given" do
+            @r1.should have(2).counterparts
+            @r1.counterparts.should include @r2, @r3
+            @r8.should have(1).counterparts
+            @r8.counterparts.should include @r9
+          end
+          it "should give back some counterparts (roles) if otype is given" do
+            @r1.counterparts(:otype=>@t_r1).size.should == 1
+            @r1.counterparts(:otype=>@t_r1).should include @r3
+            @r6.counterparts(:otype=>@t_r1).should be_empty
+          end
+        end        
+        describe "#counterplayers" do
+          it "should give back all counterplayers (topics) if no otype is given" do
+            @r1.should have(2).counterplayers
+            @r1.counterplayers.should include @t2, @t4
+            @r8.should have(1).counterplayers
+            @r8.counterplayers.should include @t4
+          end
+          it "should give back some counterplayers (topics) if otype is given " do
+            @r1.counterplayers(:otype=>@t_r1).size.should == 1
+            @r1.counterplayers(:otype=>@t_r1).should include @t4
+            @r4.counterplayers(:otype=>@t_r2).size.should == 0
+          end
+        end
+        describe "#counterpart" do
+          it "should give back the counterpart Role if the parent association is binary" do
+            @r4.counterpart.should == @r5
+            @r5.counterpart.should == @r4
+          end
+          it "should raise an error if the üparent association includes more than 2 roles" do
+            lambda {@r2.counterpart}.should raise_error
+          end
+          it "should give back nil if the parent association is unary" do
+            @r10.counterpart.should be_nil
+          end
+        end
+        describe "#counterplayer" do
+          it "should give back the counterplayer Topic if the parent association is binary" do
+            @r6.counterplayer.should == @t5
+            @r5.counterplayer.should == @t1
+          end
+          it "should raise an error if the parent association includes more than 2 roles" do
+            lambda {@r2.counterplayer}.should raise_error
+          end
+          it "should give back nil if the parent association is unary" do
+            @r10.counterplayer.should be_nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe self do
+        before(:each) do
+          @tm = get_used_tm_sys_tm
+          t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8 = @tm.get!(["t1","t2","t3","t4","t5","t6","t7","t8"])
+          t_a1,t_a2 = @tm.get!(["t_a1","t_a2"])
+          @t_r1,@t_r2,@t_r3,@t_r4,@t_r5,@t_r6 = @tm.get!(["t_r1","t_r2","t_r3","t_r4","t_r5","t_r6"])
+          a1 = @tm.create_association(t_a1)
+          a2 = @tm.create_association(t_a1)
+          a3 = @tm.create_association(t_a1)
+          a4 = @tm.create_association(t_a1)
+          a5 = @tm.create_association(t_a1)
+          a6 = @tm.create_association(t_a2)
+          @r1 = a1.create_role(@t_r1, t1)
+          @r2 = a1.create_role(@t_r3, t2)
+          @r4 = a2.create_role(@t_r1, t1)
+          @r5 = a2.create_role(@t_r3, t3)
+          @r6 = a3.create_role(@t_r1, t1)
+          @r7 = a3.create_role(@t_r5, t5)
+          @r3 = a4.create_role(@t_r1, t1)
+          @r8 = a4.create_role(@t_r3, t4)
+          @r9 = a4.create_role(@t_r6, t6)
+          @r10 = a5.create_role(@t_r4, t1)
+          @r11 = a5.create_role(@t_r3, t7)
+          @r12 = a6.create_role(@t_r4,t1)
+          @r13 = a6.create_role(@t_r2,t8)
+        end
+        after(:each) do
+          @tm.close
+        end
+         describe "#peers" do
+          it "should give back roles of other associations (with same size and atype) that have the same rtype and otype" do
+            @r5.peers.size.should == 1
+            @r5.peers.should include @r2
+            @r5.peers(:arity => :stuff, :otype => :stuff, :atype => :stuff, :rtyoe => :stuff).should == @r5.peers
+          end
+          it "should give back roles of other associations (with any size but same atype) that have the same rtype and otype" do
+            @r5.peers(:arity => :loose).size.should == 2
+            @r5.peers(:arity => :loose).should include @r2
+            @r5.peers(:arity => :loose).should include @r8
+          end
+          it "should give back roles of other associations (with same size and atype) that have the same otype but not rtype" do
+            @r5.peers(:rtype => :loose).size.should == 2
+            @r5.peers(:rtype => :loose).should include @r2,@r7
+          end
+          it "should give back roles of other associations (with any size but same atype) that have the same otype but not rtype" do
+            @r5.peers(:arity => :loose, :rtype => :loose).size.should == 4
+            @r5.peers(:arity => :loose, :rtype => :loose).should include @r2,@r7,@r8,@r9
+          end
+          it "should give back roles of other associations (with same size and atype) that have any otype but same rtype" do
+            @r5.peers(:otype => :loose).size.should == 2
+            @r5.peers(:otype => :loose).should include @r2,@r11
+          end
+          it "should give back roles of other associations (with same size but any atype) that have any otype and rtype" do
+            @r5.peers(:atype => :loose, :otype => :loose, :rtype => :loose).size == 4
+            @r5.peers(:atype => :loose, :otype => :loose, :rtype => :loose).should include @r7,@r13,@r2,@r11
+          end
+          it "should raise an error if argument is not a Hash" do
+            lambda{@r5.peers("something")}.should raise_error
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe self do
+        before(:each) do
+          @tm = get_used_tm_sys_tm
+          @dad1 = @tm.get!("dad1")
+          @dad2 = @tm.get!("dad2")
+          @mom1 = @tm.get!("mom1")
+          @mom2 = @tm.fet!("mom2")
+          @kid1 = @tm.get!("kid1")
+          @kid2 = @tm.get!("kid2")
+          @kid3 = @tm.get!("kid3")
+          @kid4 = @tm.get!("kid4")
+          @pk = @tm.get!("parent_kid")
+          @mr = @tm.get!("mom_role")
+          @dr = @tm.get!("dad_role")
+          @kr = @tm.get!("kid_role")
+          @assoc1 = @tm.create_association(@pk)
+          @r_a1_k1 = @assoc1.create_role(@kr,@kid1)
+          @r_a1_m1 = @assoc1.create_role(@mr,@mom1)
+          @r_a1_d1 = @assoc1.create_role(@dr,@dad1)
+          @assoc2 = @tm.create_association(@pk)
+          @r_a2_k2 = @assoc2.create_role(@kr,@kid2)
+          @r_a2_m1 = @assoc2.create_role(@mr,@mom1)
+          @r_a2_d1 = @assoc2.create_role(@dr,@dad1)
+          @assoc3 = @tm.create_association(@pk)
+          @r_a3_k3 = @assoc3.create_role(@kr,@kid3)
+          @r_a3_m2 = @assoc3.create_role(@mr,@mom2)
+          @r_a3_d1 = @assoc3.create_role(@dr,@dad1)
+          @assoc4 = @tm.create_association(@pk)
+          @r_a4_k4 = @assoc4.create_role(@kr,@kid4)
+          @r_a4_m1 = @assoc4.create_role(@mr,@mom1)
+          @r_a4_d2 = @assoc4.create_role(@dr,@dad2)
+        end
+        after(:each) do
+          @tm.close
+        end
+        describe "#peers the second time" do
+          
+        end
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/rtm/sugar/topic/characteristics_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+# Copyright: Copyright 2009 Topic Maps Lab, University of Leipzig.
+# License:   Apache License, Version 2.0
+
+require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../../../spec_helper'
+
+module Sugar::Topic::Characteristics
+  describe self do
+    before(:each) do
+      @tm = get_used_tm_sys_tm      
+    end
+    after(:each) do
+      @tm.close
+    end
+    
+    describe "#internal_occurrences" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @uni_leipzig = @tm.get!("Uni_LE")
+        @occ1 = @uni_leipzig.create_occurrence("Alter","600")
+        @occ2 = @uni_leipzig.create_occurrence("Heimat","Sachsen")
+        @occ3 = @uni_leipzig.create_occurrence("Webseite",@tm.create_locator("http://www.uni-leipzig.de"))
+      end
+      it "should give back all occurrences that are not of Datatype AnyURI" do
+        @uni_leipzig.internal_occurrences.size.should == 2
+        @uni_leipzig.internal_occurrences.should include(@occ1)
+        @uni_leipzig.internal_occurrences.should include(@occ2)
+      end
+    end #of describe "#internal_occurrences" do
+      
+    describe "#external_occurrences" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @uni_leipzig = @tm.get!("Uni_LE")
+        @occ1 = @uni_leipzig.create_occurrence("Alter","600")
+        @occ2 = @uni_leipzig.create_occurrence("Heimat","Sachsen")
+        @occ3 = @uni_leipzig.create_occurrence("Webseite",@tm.create_locator("http://www.uni-leipzig.de"))
+      end
+      it "should give back all occurrences that are of Datatype AnyURI" do
+        @uni_leipzig.external_occurrences.size.should == 1
+        @uni_leipzig.external_occurrences.should include(@occ3)
+      end
+    end #of describe "#external_occurrences"
+    
+    describe "#names_by" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @topic = @tm.get!("Hans")
+        @name1 = @topic.create_name("first_name","Hans-Peter")
+        @name2 = @topic.create_name("last_name","Mueller")
+        @name3 = @topic.create_name("Hans",["mum"])
+        @name4 = @topic.create_name("full_name","Hans-Peter Mueller",["official"])
+        @name5 = @topic.create_name("Hansi",["endearment","mum"])
+      end    
+      it "should give back all names if no argument is given" do
+         @topic.should have(5).names_by
+         @topic.names_by.should include @name1, @name2, @name3, @name4, @name5
+      end
+      it "should give back all names if all values in the argument hash equal :any" do
+        @topic.names_by(:type => :any, :value => :any, :scope => :any).size.should == 5
+        @topic.names_by(:type => :any, :value => :any, :scope => :any).should include @name1, @name2, @name3, @name4, @name5
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a type is given (identifier is a String)" do
+        @topic.names_by(:type => "first_name").size.should == 1
+        @topic.names_by(:type => "first_name").should include @name1
+        @topic.names_by(:type => ["first_name"]).should == @topic.names_by(:type => "first_name")
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a type is given (identifier == :default)" do
+        @topic.names_by(:type => :default).size.should == 2
+        @topic.names_by(:type => :default).should include @name3, @name5
+        @topic.names_by(:type => [:default]).should == @topic.names_by(:type => :default)
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a type is given (identifier is a Locator)" do
+        locator = @tm.create_locator("full_name")
+        locator.should be_a_kind_of RTM::Locator
+        @topic.names_by(:type => locator).size.should == 1
+        @topic.names_by(:type => locator).should include @name4
+        @topic.names_by(:type => [locator]).should == @topic.names_by(:type => locator)
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a type is given (identifier is a Topic)" do
+        topic = @tm.get("last_name")
+        topic.should be_a_kind_of RTM::Topic
+        @topic.names_by(:type => topic).size.should == 1
+        @topic.names_by(:type => topic).should include @name2
+        @topic.names_by(:type => [topic]).should == @topic.names_by(:type => topic)
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if several types are given (identifier is an Array)" do
+        string = "first_name"
+        locator = @tm.create_locator("full_name")
+        topic = @tm.get("last_name")
+        symbol = :default
+        @topic.names_by(:type => [string,symbol,locator,topic]).size.should == 5
+        @topic.names_by(:type => [string,symbol,locator,topic]).should include @name1, @name2, @name3, @name4, @name5
+      end
+      it "should give back no names if a type is given but not a type of a name" do
+        @tm.get!("existing_dummy")
+        @topic.names_by(:type => "dummy").should be_empty
+        @topic.names_by(:type => "existing_dummy").should be_empty
+        @topic.names_by(:type => @tm.create_locator("dummy")).should be_empty
+        @topic.names_by(:type => @tm.create_locator("existing_dummy")).should be_empty
+        @topic.names_by(:type => @tm.get("dummy")).should be_empty
+        @topic.names_by(:type => @tm.get("existing_dummy")).should be_empty
+      end
+      it "should give  back some names if several types are given but some are not types of names" do
+        @topic.names_by(:type => ["dummy",:default,"first_name"]).size.should == 3
+        @topic.names_by(:type => ["dummy",:default,"first_name"]).should include @name1, @name3, @name5
+      end
+      it "should not give back a name several times if several equals types are given" do
+        @topic.names_by(:type => ["first_name","first_name"]).should == @topic.names_by(:type => "first_name")
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a value is given" do
+        @topic.names_by(:value => "Hansi").size.should == 1
+        @topic.names_by(:value => "Hansi").should include @name5
+        @topic.names_by(:value => ["Hansi"]).should == @topic.names_by(:value => "Hansi")
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if several values are given" do
+       @topic.names_by(:value => ["Mueller","Hans-Peter"]).size.should == 2
+       @topic.names_by(:value => ["Mueller","Hans-Peter"]).should include @name1, @name2
+      end
+      it "should give back no names if a value is given which is not a value of a name" do
+        @topic.names_by(:value => "dummy").should be_empty
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if values are given but if not all are values of names" do
+        @topic.names_by(:value => ["Hans","dummy"]).size.should == 1
+        @topic.names_by(:value => ["Hans","dummy"]).should include @name3
+      end
+      it "should not give back a name several times if several equal values are given" do
+        @topic.names_by(:value => ["Hans","Hans"]).should == @topic.names_by(:value => "Hans")
+      end
+      it "should give back no names if a value is given which is not a String" do
+        @topic.names_by(:value => 1).should be_empty
+        @topic.names_by(:value => [1]).should be_empty
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a scope is given (one theme, String)" do
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => "mum").size.should == 2
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => "mum").should include @name3, @name5
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a scope is given (one theme, Locator)" do
+        locator = @tm.create_locator("official")
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => locator).size.should == 1
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => locator).should include @name4
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a scope is given (one theme, Topic)" do
+        topic = @tm.get("endearment")
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => topic).size.should == 1
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => topic).should include @name5
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a scope is given (several themes)" do
+        string = "mum"
+        locator = @tm.create_locator("official")
+        topic = @tm.get("endearment")
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => [string,locator,topic]).size.should == 3
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => [string,locator,topic]).should include @name3, @name4, @name5
+      end
+      it "should give back no names if a scope is given which is not a scope of a name" do
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => "dummy").should be_empty
+      end
+      it "should give back some names if a scope is given (several themes) but if not all are in the scope of names" do
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => ["mum","dummy"]).size.should == 2
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => ["mum","dummy"]).should include @name3, @name5
+      end
+       it "should give back no names if a scope is given which is not a String, Locator or Topic" do
+        lambda{topic.names_by(:scope => 1)}.should raise_error
+        lambda{@topic.names_by(:scope => [1])}.should raise_error
+      end
+      it "should not give back a name several times if several equal themes are given" do
+        @topic.names_by(:scope => ["official","official"]).should == @topic.names_by(:scope => "official")
+      end
+      it "should give back name in the unconstrained scope if scope equals :ucs"
+      it "should not create Topics" do
+        @tm.get("dummy1").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy2").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy3").should be_nil
+        @topic.names_by(:type => "dummy1", :value => "dummy2", :scope => "dummy3").should be_empty
+        @tm.get("dummy1").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy2").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy3").should be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#occurrences_by" do
+      before(:each) do
+        @topic = @tm.get!("Hans")
+        @occ1 = @topic.create_occurrence("birthyear","1980")
+        @occ2 = @topic.create_occurrence("favourite_colour","blue")
+        @occ3 = @topic.create_occurrence("age","29",:scope => ["2009"])
+        @occ4 = @topic.create_occurrence("hair_colour","blue",:scope => ["2009","halloween"])
+        @occ5 = @topic.create_occurrence("age","20",:datatype => RTM::PSI[:Integer],:scope => ["2000"])
+      end
+      it "should give back all occurrences if no argument is given" do
+         @topic.should have(5).occurrences_by
+         @topic.occurrences_by.should include @occ1, @occ2, @occ3, @occ4, @occ5
+      end
+      it "should give back all occurrences if all values in the argument hash equal :any" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => :any, :value => :any, :scope => :any, :datatype => :any).size.should == 5
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => :any, :value => :any, :scope => :any, :datatype => :any).should include @occ1, @occ2, @occ3, @occ4, @occ5
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a type is given (identifier is a String)" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => "birthyear").size.should == 1
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => "birthyear").should include @occ1
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a type is given (identifier is a Locator)" do
+        locator = @tm.create_locator("age")
+        locator.should be_a_kind_of RTM::Locator
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => locator).size.should == 2
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => locator).should include @occ3, @occ5
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a type is given (identifier is a Topic)" do
+        topic = @tm.get("hair_colour")
+        topic.should be_a_kind_of RTM::Topic
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => topic).size.should == 1
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => topic).should include @occ4
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if several types are given (identifier is an Array)" do
+        string = "birthyear"
+        locator = @tm.create_locator("age")
+        topic = @tm.get("hair_colour")
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => [string,locator,topic]).size.should == 4
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => [string,locator,topic]).should include @occ1, @occ3, @occ4, @occ5
+      end
+      it "should give back no occurrences if a type is given which is not a type of an occurrence" do
+        @tm.get!("existing_dummy")
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => "dummy").should be_empty
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => "existing_dummy").should be_empty
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => @tm.create_locator("dummy")).should be_empty
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => @tm.create_locator("existing_dummy")).should be_empty
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => @tm.get("dummy")).should be_empty
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => @tm.get("existing_dummy")).should be_empty
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if several types are given but some are not types of occurrences" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => ["dummy","age"]).size.should == 2
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => ["dummy","age"]).should include @occ3, @occ5
+      end
+      it "should not give back an occurrence several times if several equal types are given" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => ["birthyear","birthyear"]).should == @topic.occurrences_by(:type => "birthyear")
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a value is given" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => "1980").size.should == 1
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => "1980").should include @occ1
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => "29").size.should == 1
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => "29").should include @occ3
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if several values are given" do
+       @topic.occurrences_by(:value => ["blue","20"]).size.should == 3
+       @topic.occurrences_by(:value => ["blue","20"]).should include @occ2, @occ4, @occ5
+      end
+      it "should give back no occurrences if a value is given which is not a value of an occurrence" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => "dummy").should be_empty
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if several values are given but some are not values of occurrences" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => ["blue","dummy","29"]).size.should == 3
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => ["blue","dummy","29"]).should include @occ2, @occ3, @occ4
+      end
+      it "should not give back an occurrence several times if several equal values are given" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => ["20","20"]).should ==  @topic.occurrences_by(:value => "20")
+      end
+      it "should give back no names if a value is given which is not a String" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => 20).should be_empty
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:value => [20]).should be_empty
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a scope is given (one theme, String)" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => "2009").size.should == 2
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => "2009").should include @occ3, @occ4
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a scope is given (one theme, Locator)" do
+        locator = @tm.create_locator("2000")
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => locator).size.should == 1
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => locator).should include @occ5
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a scope is given (one theme, Topic)" do
+        topic = @tm.get("halloween")
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => topic).size.should == 1
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => topic).should include @occ4
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a scope is given (several themes)" do
+        string = "2000"
+        locator = @tm.create_locator("2009")
+        topic = @tm.get("halloween")
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => [string,locator,topic]).size.should == 3
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => [string,locator,topic]).should include @occ3, @occ4, @occ5
+      end
+      it "should give back no occurrences if a scope is given which is not a scope of an occurrence" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => "dummy").should be_empty
+      end
+      it "should give back some occurrences if a scope is given (several themes) but if not all are in the scope of occurrences" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => ["2000","dummy"]).size.should == 1
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => ["2000","dummy"]).should include @occ5
+      end
+       it "should give back no occurrences if a scope is given which is not a String, Locator or Topic" do
+        lambda{topic.occurrences_by(:scope => 1)}.should raise_error
+        lambda{@topic.occurrences_by(:scope => [1])}.should raise_error
+      end
+      it "should not give back an occurrence several times if several equal themes are given" do
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => ["2009","2009"]).should == @topic.occurrences_by(:scope => "2009")
+      end
+      it "should give back occurrences in the unconstrained scope if scope equals :ucs"
+      it "should test datatype"
+      it "should not create Topics" do
+        @tm.get("dummy1").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy2").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy3").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy4").should be_nil
+        @topic.occurrences_by(:type => "dummy1", :value => "dummy2", :datatype => "dummy3", :scope => "dummy4").should be_empty
+        @tm.get("dummy1").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy2").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy3").should be_nil
+        @tm.get("dummy4").should be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+#    describe "#characteristics_by" do
+#      before(:each) do
+#        
+#      end
+#      it "should be testend .." do
+#          
+#      end
+#    end
+
+    
+  end # of describe self
+end # of module