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data/vendor/local/share/doc/groonga/en/html/reference/commands/select.html CHANGED Viewed

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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-    <title>7.3.43. select &mdash; Groonga v5.1.0-71-g748d76e documentation</title>
+    <title>7.3.51. select &mdash; Groonga v5.1.2-250-gb1f40be documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../_static/groonga.css" type="text/css" />
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
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+        VERSION:     '5.1.2-250-gb1f40be',
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         FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
         HAS_SOURCE:  true
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@
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+    <link rel="top" title="Groonga v5.1.2-250-gb1f40be documentation" href="../../index.html" />
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+    <link rel="next" title="7.3.52. shutdown" href="shutdown.html" />
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@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@
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-          <a href="shutdown.html" title="7.3.44. shutdown"
+          <a href="shutdown.html" title="7.3.52. shutdown"
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-          <a href="ruby_load.html" title="7.3.42. ruby_load"
+          <a href="schema.html" title="7.3.50. schema"
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-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../../index.html">Groonga v5.1.0-71-g748d76e documentation</a> &raquo;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../../index.html">Groonga v5.1.2-250-gb1f40be documentation</a> &raquo;</li>
           <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="../../reference.html" >7. Reference manual</a> &raquo;</li>
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@@ -72,20 +72,20 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
   <div class="section" id="select">
-<h1>7.3.43. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#select" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<h1>7.3.51. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#select" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
 <div class="section" id="summary">
-<h2>7.3.43.1. Summary<a class="headerlink" href="#summary" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>7.3.51.1. Summary<a class="headerlink" href="#summary" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code> searches records that are matched to specified conditions
 from a table and then outputs them.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code> is the most important command in groonga. You need to
 understand <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code> to use the full power of Groonga.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="syntax">
-<h2>7.3.43.2. Syntax<a class="headerlink" href="#syntax" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>7.3.51.2. Syntax<a class="headerlink" href="#syntax" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
 <p>This command takes many parameters.</p>
 <p>The required parameter is only <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">table</span></code>. Other parameters are
 optional:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select table
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select table
        [match_columns=null]
        [query=null]
        [filter=null]
@@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ optional:</p>
 </div></blockquote>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="usage">
-<h2>7.3.43.3. Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>7.3.51.3. Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Let's learn about <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code> usage with examples. This section shows
 many popular usages.</p>
 <p>Here are a schema definition and sample data to show usage.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>table_create Entries TABLE_HASH_KEY ShortText
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>table_create Entries TABLE_HASH_KEY ShortText
 # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
 column_create Entries content COLUMN_SCALAR Text
 # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
@@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TokenBigram</span></code>
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Entries.content</span></code> are fulltext search ready.</p>
 <p>OK. The schema and data for examples are ready.</p>
 <div class="section" id="simple-usage">
-<span id="select-simple-usage"></span><h3>7.3.43.3.1. Simple usage<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<span id="select-simple-usage"></span><h3>7.3.51.3.1. Simple usage<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>Here is the most simple usage with the above schema and data. It outputs
 all records in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Entries</span></code> table.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -283,12 +283,12 @@ command outputs 10 records at a maximum by default. There are only 5
 records. It is less than 10. So the command outputs all records.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="search-conditions">
-<h3>7.3.43.3.2. Search conditions<a class="headerlink" href="#search-conditions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>7.3.51.3.2. Search conditions<a class="headerlink" href="#search-conditions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>Search conditions are specified by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code>. You can
 also specify both <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code>. It means that selected
 records must be matched against both <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="section" id="search-condition-query">
-<h4>7.3.43.3.2.1. Search condition: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#search-condition-query" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<h4>7.3.51.3.2.1. Search condition: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#search-condition-query" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> is designed for search box in Web page. Imagine a search box
 in google.com. You specify search conditions for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> as space
 separated keywords. For example, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">search</span> <span class="pre">engine</span></code> means a matched
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ conditions. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span
 matched against <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query fast
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query fast
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -361,12 +361,12 @@ in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">content</span></code> column
 <a class="reference internal" href="../grn_expr/query_syntax.html"><em>Query syntax</em></a> for datails.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="search-condition-filter">
-<h4>7.3.43.3.2.2. Search condition: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#search-condition-filter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<h4>7.3.51.3.2.2. Search condition: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#search-condition-filter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code> is designed for complex search conditions. You specify
 search conditions for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code> as ECMAScript like syntax.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --filter &#39;content @ &quot;fast&quot; &amp;&amp; _key == &quot;Groonga&quot;&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --filter &#39;content @ &quot;fast&quot; &amp;&amp; _key == &quot;Groonga&quot;&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -424,11 +424,11 @@ its details aren't described here. See
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="paging">
-<h3>7.3.43.3.3. Paging<a class="headerlink" href="#paging" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>7.3.51.3.3. Paging<a class="headerlink" href="#paging" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>You can specify range of outputted records by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">offset</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">limit</span></code>.
 Here is an example to output only the 2nd record.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --offset 1 --limit 1
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --offset 1 --limit 1
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -481,11 +481,11 @@ means the number of output records is 1 at a maximium. If no records
 are matched, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code> command outputs no records.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="the-total-number-of-records">
-<h3>7.3.43.3.4. The total number of records<a class="headerlink" href="#the-total-number-of-records" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>7.3.51.3.4. The total number of records<a class="headerlink" href="#the-total-number-of-records" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>You can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--limit</span> <span class="pre">0</span></code> to retrieve the total number of recrods
 without any contents of records.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --limit 0
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --limit 0
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ without any contents of records.</p>
 records.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown">
-<h3>7.3.43.3.5. Drilldown<a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>7.3.51.3.5. Drilldown<a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>You can get additional grouped results against the search result in
 one <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code>. You need to use two or more <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT``s</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">SQL</span> <span class="pre">but</span>
 <span class="pre">``select</span></code> in Groonga can do it in one <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code>.</p>
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ engine.</p>
 <p>For example, think about the following situation.</p>
 <p>You search entries that has <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fast</span></code> word:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --filter &#39;content @ &quot;fast&quot;&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --filter &#39;content @ &quot;fast&quot;&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ suitable tag until you see the result of <code class="docutils literal"><span cl
 <p>If you know the number of matched records of each available tag, you
 can choose suitable tag. You can use drilldown for the case:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --filter &#39;content @ &quot;fast&quot;&#39; --drilldown tag
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --filter &#39;content @ &quot;fast&quot;&#39; --drilldown tag
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -689,17 +689,17 @@ in grouped records and so on. See
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="parameters">
-<h2>7.3.43.4. Parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>7.3.51.4. Parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
 <p>This section describes all parameters. Parameters are categorized.</p>
 <div class="section" id="required-parameter">
-<h3>7.3.43.4.1. Required parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#required-parameter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>7.3.51.4.1. Required parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#required-parameter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>There is a required parameter, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">table</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="section" id="table">
-<span id="select-table"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.1.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">table</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-table"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.1.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">table</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies a table to be searched. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">table</span></code> must be specified.</p>
 <p>If nonexistent table is specified, an error is returned.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Nonexistent
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Nonexistent
 # [
 #   [
 #     -22,
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ in grouped records and so on. See
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="search-related-parameters">
-<span id="select-search-related-parameters"></span><h3>7.3.43.4.2. Search related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#search-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<span id="select-search-related-parameters"></span><h3>7.3.51.4.2. Search related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#search-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>There are search related parameters. Typically, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span></code> and
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> parameters are used for implementing a search
 box. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code> parameters is used for implementing complex search
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ feature.</p>
 be matched against both <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code>. If both <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code>
 and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code> aren't specified, all records are selected.</p>
 <div class="section" id="match-columns">
-<span id="select-match-columns"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.2.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#match-columns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-match-columns"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.2.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#match-columns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies the default target column for fulltext search by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code>
 parameter value. A target column for fulltext search can be specified
 in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> parameter. The difference between <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span></code> and
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ column gets more hit score rather than a lower weight target column
 when a record is matched by fulltext search. The default weight is 1.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query fast --output_columns &#39;_key, _score&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query fast --output_columns &#39;_key, _score&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ fact that <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_score</span></code>
 <p>To specify weight, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">weight</span></code> syntax is used. Here is a
 weight usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns &#39;content * 2&#39; --query fast --output_columns &#39;_key, _score&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns &#39;content * 2&#39; --query fast --output_columns &#39;_key, _score&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ treated as matched.</p>
 omitted, 1 is used for weight. Here is a one or more columns usage
 example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns &#39;_key * 10 || content&#39; --query groonga --output_columns &#39;_key, _score&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns &#39;_key * 10 || content&#39; --query groonga --output_columns &#39;_key, _score&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ details.</p>
 parameter.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="query">
-<span id="select-query"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.2.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-query"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.2.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies the query text. Normally, it is used for fulltext search
 with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span></code> parameter. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> parameter is designed for
 a fulltext search form in a Web page. A query text should be formatted
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ that groonga searches records that contain both <code class="docutils literal"><
 contain either <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">word1</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">word2</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple logical and search example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query &quot;fast groonga&quot;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query &quot;fast groonga&quot;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ contain either <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">word1</span></co
 table.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple logical or search example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query &quot;groonga OR mroonga&quot;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query &quot;groonga OR mroonga&quot;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ conditions. For example, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column
 value of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column</span></code> column is less than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple equality operator search example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --query _key:Groonga
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --query _key:Groonga
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ value of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column</span></code> c
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Groonga</span></code> from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Entries</span></code> table.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple less than operator search example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --query n_likes:&lt;11
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --query n_likes:&lt;11
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ is less than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">11</span></code> f
 <p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../grn_expr/query_syntax.html"><em>Query syntax</em></a> for other operations.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="filter">
-<span id="select-filter"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.2.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#filter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-filter"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.2.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#filter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies the filter text. Normally, it is used for complex search
 conditions. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code> can be used with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> parameter. If both
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> are specified, there are conbined with
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ the value of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column</span></cod
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple equality operator search example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --filter &#39;_key == &quot;Groonga&quot;&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --filter &#39;_key == &quot;Groonga&quot;&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ the value of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column</span></cod
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Groonga</span></code> from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Entries</span></code> table.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple less than operator search example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --filter &#39;n_likes &lt; 11&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --filter &#39;n_likes &lt; 11&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1265,9 +1265,9 @@ is less than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">11</span></code> f
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="advanced-search-parameters">
-<span id="select-advanced-search-parameters"></span><h3>7.3.43.4.3. Advanced search parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-search-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<span id="select-advanced-search-parameters"></span><h3>7.3.51.4.3. Advanced search parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-search-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <div class="section" id="match-escalation-threshold">
-<span id="select-match-escalation-threshold"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.3.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_escalation_threshold</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#match-escalation-threshold" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-match-escalation-threshold"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.3.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_escalation_threshold</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#match-escalation-threshold" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies threshold to determine whether search storategy
 escalation is used or not. The threshold is compared against the
 number of matched records. If the number of matched records is equal
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ first <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code> does
 parameter. The second <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code> has <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_escalation_threshold</span></code>
 parameter.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query groo
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query groo
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1391,11 +1391,11 @@ records (0) is larger than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">matc
 more searches aren't executed. And no records are matched.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="query-expansion">
-<span id="select-query-expansion"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.3.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expansion</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-expansion" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-query-expansion"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.3.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expansion</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-expansion" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Deprecated. Use <a class="reference internal" href="#select-query-expander"><span>query_expander</span></a> instead.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="query-flags">
-<span id="select-query-flags"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.3.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_flags</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-flags" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-query-flags"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.3.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_flags</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-flags" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>It customs <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> parameter syntax. You cannot update column value
 by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> parameter by default. But if you specify
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALLOW_COLUMN|ALLOW_UPDATE</span></code> as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_flags</span></code>, you can update
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ default. Be careful about it when you use the flag.</p>
 <p>The default value is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALLOW_PRAGMA|ALLOW_COLUMN</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Here is a usage example of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALLOW_COLUMN</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --query content:@mroonga --query_flags ALLOW_COLUMN
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --query content:@mroonga --query_flags ALLOW_COLUMN
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ default. Be careful about it when you use the flag.</p>
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">content</span></code> column value from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Entries</span></code> table.</p>
 <p>Here is a usage example of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALLOW_UPDATE</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>table_create Users TABLE_HASH_KEY ShortText
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>table_create Users TABLE_HASH_KEY ShortText
 # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
 column_create Users age COLUMN_SCALAR UInt32
 # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
@@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@ to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">19</span></code>. The second
 column values.</p>
 <p>Here is a usage example of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALLOW_LEADING_NOT</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query -mroonga --query_flags ALLOW_LEADING_NOT
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query -mroonga --query_flags ALLOW_LEADING_NOT
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1643,7 +1643,7 @@ column values.</p>
 in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">content</span></code> column value from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Entries</span></code> table.</p>
 <p>Here is a usage example of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NONE</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query &#39;mroonga OR _key:Groonga&#39; --query_flags NONE
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query &#39;mroonga OR _key:Groonga&#39; --query_flags NONE
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1697,7 +1697,7 @@ specified.</p>
 <p>See also <a class="reference internal" href="../grn_expr/query_syntax.html"><em>Query syntax</em></a>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="query-expander">
-<span id="select-query-expander"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.3.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expander</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-expander" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-query-expander"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.3.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expander</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-expander" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>It's for query expansion. Query expansion substitutes specific words
 to another words in query. Nomally, it's used for synonym search.</p>
 <p>It specifies a column that is used to substitute <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> parameter
@@ -1720,7 +1720,7 @@ query aren't substituted.</p>
 <p>Here is a sample substitution table to show a simple
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expander</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>table_create Thesaurus TABLE_PAT_KEY ShortText --normalizer NormalizerAuto
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>table_create Thesaurus TABLE_PAT_KEY ShortText --normalizer NormalizerAuto
 # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
 column_create Thesaurus synonym COLUMN_VECTOR ShortText
 # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
@@ -1751,7 +1751,7 @@ word. For example, you can implement &quot;stop words&quot; by an empty vector
 value.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expander</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query &quot;mroonga&quot;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query &quot;mroonga&quot;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -1909,7 +1909,7 @@ such as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(...)</span></code> and
 using those syntax.</p>
 <p>Here is a complex substitution usage example that uses query syntax.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>load --table Thesaurus
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>load --table Thesaurus
 [
 {&quot;_key&quot;: &quot;popular&quot;, &quot;synonym&quot;: [&quot;popular&quot;, &quot;n_likes:&gt;=10&quot;]}
 ]
@@ -1976,13 +1976,13 @@ is equal to or more than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">10</sp
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="output-related-parameters">
-<h3>7.3.43.4.4. Output related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#output-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>7.3.51.4.4. Output related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#output-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <div class="section" id="output-columns">
-<span id="select-output-columns"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.4.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">output_columns</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#output-columns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-output-columns"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.4.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">output_columns</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#output-columns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies output columns separated by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">,</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">output_columns</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --output_columns &#39;_id, _key&#39; --limit 1
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --output_columns &#39;_id, _key&#39; --limit 1
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@ values.</p>
 <a class="reference internal" href="../columns/pseudo.html"><em>Pseudo column</em></a>.</p>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --output_columns &#39;_key, *&#39; --limit 1
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --output_columns &#39;_key, *&#39; --limit 1
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2067,12 +2067,12 @@ column value.</p>
 values except <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_score</span></code> are outputted.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="sortby">
-<span id="select-sortby"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.4.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sortby</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#sortby" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-sortby"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.4.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sortby</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#sortby" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies sort keys separated by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">,</span></code>. Each sort key is column
 name.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sortby</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --sortby &#39;n_likes, _id&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --sortby &#39;n_likes, _id&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ are the case.</p>
 <p>If you want to sort in descending order, add <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></code> before column name.</p>
 <p>Here is a descending order <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sortby</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --sortby &#39;-n_likes, _id&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --sortby &#39;-n_likes, _id&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2232,7 +2232,7 @@ order. But ascending order is used for sorting by <code class="docutils literal"
 <p>You can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_score</span></code> pseudo column in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sortby</span></code> if you use
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code> parameter.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --match_columns content --query fast --sortby -_score --output_columns &#39;_key, _score&#39;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --match_columns content --query fast --sortby -_score --output_columns &#39;_key, _score&#39;
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2273,12 +2273,12 @@ descending order and outputs record key and hit score.</p>
 it's just ignored but get a warning in log file.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="offset">
-<span id="select-offset"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.4.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">offset</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#offset" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-offset"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.4.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">offset</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#offset" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies offset to determine output records range. Offset is
 zero-based. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--offset</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code> means output range is started from the 2nd
 record.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --sortby _id --offset 3 --output_columns _key
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --sortby _id --offset 3 --output_columns _key
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2314,7 +2314,7 @@ record.</p>
 means 2nd. Remember that offset is zero-based.) record to the 3rd
 record.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --sortby _id --offset -2 --output_columns _key
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --sortby _id --offset -2 --output_columns _key
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2348,12 +2348,12 @@ number of records is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">5</span></
 <p>The default value is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="limit">
-<span id="select-limit"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.4.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">limit</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#limit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-limit"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.4.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">limit</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#limit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies the max number of output records. If the number of
 matched records is less than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">limit</span></code>, all records are outputted.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">limit</span></code> usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --sortby _id --offset 2 --limit 3 --output_columns _key
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --sortby _id --offset 2 --limit 3 --output_columns _key
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2391,7 +2391,7 @@ matched records is less than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">li
 records. It's very useful value to show all records.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple negative <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">limit</span></code> value usage example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --limit -1
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --limit -1
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -2469,25 +2469,25 @@ records. It's very useful value to show all records.</p>
 <p>The default value is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">10</span></code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="scorer">
-<span id="select-scorer"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.4.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">scorer</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#scorer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-scorer"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.4.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">scorer</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#scorer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>TODO: write in English and add example.</p>
 <p>検索条件にマッチする全てのレコードに対して適用するgrn_exprをscript形式で指定します。</p>
 <p>scorerは、検索処理が完了し、ソート処理が実行される前に呼び出されます。従って、各レコードのスコアを操作する式を指定しておけば、検索結果のソート順序をカスタマイズできるようになります。</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-related-parameters">
-<span id="select-drilldown-related-parameters"></span><h3>7.3.43.4.5. Drilldown related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<span id="select-drilldown-related-parameters"></span><h3>7.3.51.4.5. Drilldown related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>This section describes basic drilldown related parameters. Advanced
 drilldown related parameters are described in another section.</p>
 <div class="section" id="select-drilldown">
-<span id="id2"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.5.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#select-drilldown" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="id2"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.5.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#select-drilldown" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies keys for grouping separated by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">,</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Matched records by specified search conditions are grouped by each
 key. If you specify no search condition, all records are grouped by
 each key.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --output_columns _key,tag \
   --drilldown tag
 # [
@@ -2573,7 +2573,7 @@ each key.</p>
 </div></blockquote>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code> with search condition example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --output_columns _key,tag \
   --filter &#39;n_likes &gt;= 5&#39; \
   --drilldown tag
@@ -2650,7 +2650,7 @@ each key.</p>
 </div></blockquote>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code> with multiple group keys example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown tag,n_likes
@@ -2769,14 +2769,14 @@ each key.</p>
 </div></blockquote>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-sortby">
-<span id="select-drilldown-sortby"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.5.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_sortby</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-sortby" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-sortby"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.5.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_sortby</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-sortby" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies sort keys for drilldown outputs separated by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">,</span></code>. Each
 sort key is column name.</p>
 <p>You can refer the number of grouped records by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_nsubrecs</span></code>
 <a class="reference internal" href="../columns/pseudo.html"><em>Pseudo column</em></a>.</p>
 <p>Here is a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_sortby</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown &#39;tag, n_likes&#39; \
@@ -2883,7 +2883,7 @@ the number of records in the group are the same, these grouped results
 are sorted by grouped key (= <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_key</span></code> ) in ascending order.</p>
 <p>The sort keys are used in all group keys specified in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code>:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown &#39;tag, n_likes&#39; \
@@ -2990,11 +2990,11 @@ drilldown.</p>
 <a class="reference internal" href="#select-advanced-drilldown-related-parameters"><span>Advanced drilldown related parameters</span></a>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-output-columns">
-<span id="select-drilldown-output-columns"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.5.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_output_columns</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-output-columns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-output-columns"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.5.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_output_columns</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-output-columns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies output columns for drilldown separated by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">,</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_output_columns</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3064,7 +3064,7 @@ referenced type column.</p>
 <p>Here are a schema definition and sample data to show drilldown against
 referenced type column:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>table_create Tags TABLE_HASH_KEY ShortText --normalizer NormalizerAuto
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>table_create Tags TABLE_HASH_KEY ShortText --normalizer NormalizerAuto
 # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
 column_create Tags label COLUMN_SCALAR ShortText
 # [[0, 1337566253.89858, 0.000355720520019531], true]
@@ -3094,7 +3094,7 @@ type column.</p>
 <p>You can refer <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tags.label</span></code> by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label</span></code> in
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_output_columns</span></code>:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Items \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Items \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3154,7 +3154,7 @@ type column.</p>
 </div>
 <p>You can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></code> to refer all columns in referenced table (= <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tags</span></code>):</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Items \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Items \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3228,13 +3228,13 @@ the group are output.</p>
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_types</span></code> document for details.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-offset">
-<span id="select-drilldown-offset"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.5.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_offset</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-offset" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-offset"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.5.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_offset</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-offset" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies offset to determine range of drilldown output
 records. Offset is zero-based. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--drilldown_offset</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code> means output
 range is started from the 2nd record.</p>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_offset</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3308,7 +3308,7 @@ range is started from the 2nd record.</p>
 (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">3</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">-2</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code>. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></code> means 2nd. Remember that offset is zero-based.)
 grouped result to the 3rd grouped result.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3380,12 +3380,12 @@ total number of grouped results is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="p
 <p>The default value of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_offset</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-limit">
-<span id="select-drilldown-limit"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.5.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_limit</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-limit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-limit"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.5.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_limit</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-limit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies the max number of groups in a drilldown. If the number of
 groups is less than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_limit</span></code>, all groups are outputted.</p>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_limit</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3459,7 +3459,7 @@ groups is less than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_l
 all groups. It's very useful value to show all groups.</p>
 <p>Here is a negative <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_limit</span></code> value example.</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3534,7 +3534,7 @@ all groups. It's very useful value to show all groups.</p>
 <p>The default value of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_limit</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">10</span></code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-calc-types">
-<span id="select-drilldown-calc-types"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.5.6. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_types</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-calc-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-calc-types"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.5.6. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_types</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-calc-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies how to calculate (aggregate) values in grouped records by
 a drilldown. You can specify multiple calculation types separated by
 &quot;<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">,</span></code>&quot;. For example, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAX,MIN</span></code>.</p>
@@ -3596,7 +3596,7 @@ grouped records.</td>
 </table>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAX</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit -1 \
   --output_column _id,n_likes \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3710,7 +3710,7 @@ for the group. It uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_max</sp
 read the maximum <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n_likes</span></code> column value.</p>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MIN</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit -1 \
   --output_column _id,n_likes \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3824,7 +3824,7 @@ for the group. It uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_min</sp
 read the minimum <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n_likes</span></code> column value.</p>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUM</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit -1 \
   --output_column _id,n_likes \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -3938,7 +3938,7 @@ group. It uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_sum</span></cod
 summed <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n_likes</span></code> column values.</p>
 <p>Here is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">AVG</span></code> example:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit -1 \
   --output_column _id,n_likes \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -4052,7 +4052,7 @@ the group. It uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_avg</span><
 the averaged <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n_likes</span></code> column values.</p>
 <p>Here is an example that uses all calculation types:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit -1 \
   --output_column _id,n_likes \
   --drilldown tag \
@@ -4197,7 +4197,7 @@ that only <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">COUNT</span></code> i
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">COUNT</span></code> is always enabled.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-calc-target">
-<span id="select-drilldown-calc-target"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.5.7. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_target</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-calc-target" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-calc-target"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.5.7. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_target</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-calc-target" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies the target column for <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-calc-types"><span>drilldown_calc_types</span></a>.</p>
 <p>If you specify a calculation type that needs a target column such as
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAX</span></code> in <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-calc-types"><span>drilldown_calc_types</span></a> but you omit
@@ -4215,7 +4215,7 @@ that no calculation target column is specified.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="advanced-drilldown-related-parameters">
-<span id="select-advanced-drilldown-related-parameters"></span><h3>7.3.43.4.6. Advanced drilldown related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-drilldown-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<span id="select-advanced-drilldown-related-parameters"></span><h3>7.3.51.4.6. Advanced drilldown related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-drilldown-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>You can get multiple drilldown results by specifying multiple group
 keys by <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown"><span>drilldown</span></a>. But you need to use the same
 configuration for all drilldowns. For example,
@@ -4286,7 +4286,7 @@ to use it for the following parameters:</p>
 </div></blockquote>
 <p>Output format is different a bit. It's also needed more description.</p>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-label-keys">
-<span id="select-drilldown-label-keys"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.6.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-label-keys" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-label-keys"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.6.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-label-keys" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown"><span>drilldown</span></a> can specify multiple keys for multiple
 drilldowns. But it can't specify multiple keys for one drilldown.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code> can't specify multiple keys for multiple
@@ -4295,7 +4295,7 @@ drilldowns. But it can specify multiple keys for one drilldown.</p>
 <p>Here is an example to group by multiple keys, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tag</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n_likes</span></code>
 column values:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit -1 \
   --output_column tag,n_likes \
   --drilldown[tag.n_likes].keys tag,n_likes \
@@ -4425,7 +4425,7 @@ specify one key as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${
 <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-output-columns"><span>drilldown_output_columns</span></a>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="drilldown-label-output-columns">
-<span id="select-drilldown-label-output-columns"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.6.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].output_columns</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-label-output-columns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-label-output-columns"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.6.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].output_columns</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drilldown-label-output-columns" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>It's almost same as <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-output-columns"><span>drilldown_output_columns</span></a>. The
 difference between <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-output-columns"><span>drilldown_output_columns</span></a> and
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].output_columns</span></code> is how to refer group keys.</p>
@@ -4437,7 +4437,7 @@ only one group key by <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-labe
 <p>Here is an example to refer single group key by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_key</span></code>
 <a class="reference internal" href="../columns/pseudo.html"><em>Pseudo column</em></a>:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown[tag.n_likes].keys tag,n_likes \
@@ -4521,7 +4521,7 @@ used for group key in <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-labe
 <p>Here is an example to refer each group key in multiple group keys by
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_value.${KEY_NAME}</span></code> syntax:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --limit 0 \
   --output_column _id \
   --drilldown[tag.n_likes].keys tag,n_likes \
@@ -4615,14 +4615,14 @@ you specify only one group key to
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="output-format-for-drilldown-label-style">
-<span id="select-drilldown-label-output-format"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.6.3. Output format for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}]</span></code> style<a class="headerlink" href="#output-format-for-drilldown-label-style" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-drilldown-label-output-format"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.6.3. Output format for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}]</span></code> style<a class="headerlink" href="#output-format-for-drilldown-label-style" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>There is a difference in output format between <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown"><span>drilldown</span></a>
 and <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-label-keys"><span>drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></a>. <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown"><span>drilldown</span></a> uses
 array to output multiple drilldown results.
 <a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-label-keys"><span>drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></a> uses pairs of label and drilldown
 result.</p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown"><span>drilldown</span></a> uses the following output format:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   HEADER,
   [
     SEARCH_RESULT,
@@ -4634,7 +4634,7 @@ result.</p>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown-label-keys"><span>drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></a> uses the following output format:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   HEADER,
   [
     SEARCH_RESULT,
@@ -4650,9 +4650,9 @@ result.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="cache-related-parameter">
-<h3>7.3.43.4.7. Cache related parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-related-parameter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>7.3.51.4.7. Cache related parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-related-parameter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <div class="section" id="cache">
-<span id="select-cache"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.7.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cache</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cache" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-cache"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.7.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cache</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cache" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies whether caching the result of this query or not.</p>
 <p>If the result of this query is cached, the next same query returns
 response quickly by using the cache.</p>
@@ -4680,7 +4680,7 @@ It's the default value.</td>
 </table>
 <p>Here is an example to disable caching the result of this query:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries --cache no
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries --cache no
 # [
 #   [
 #     0,
@@ -4758,10 +4758,10 @@ It's the default value.</td>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="score-related-parameters">
-<h3>7.3.43.4.8. Score related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#score-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>7.3.51.4.8. Score related parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#score-related-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>There is a score related parameter, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="section" id="adjuster">
-<span id="select-adjuster"></span><h4>7.3.43.4.8.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#adjuster" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
+<span id="select-adjuster"></span><h4>7.3.51.4.8.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#adjuster" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
 <p>Specifies one or more score adjust expressions. You need to use
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code>. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code> doesn't work
 with not searched request.</p>
@@ -4770,11 +4770,11 @@ use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code> to s
 <p>For example, you can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code> to increase score of records
 that have <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">groonga</span></code> tag.</p>
 <p>Here is the syntax:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>--adjuster &quot;SCORE_ADJUST_EXPRESSION1 + SCORE_ADJUST_EXPRESSION2 + ...&quot;
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>--adjuster &quot;SCORE_ADJUST_EXPRESSION1 + SCORE_ADJUST_EXPRESSION2 + ...&quot;
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Here is the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SCORE_ADJUST_EXPRESSION</span></code> syntax:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>COLUMN @ &quot;KEYWORD&quot; * FACTOR
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>COLUMN @ &quot;KEYWORD&quot; * FACTOR
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Note the following:</p>
@@ -4788,7 +4788,7 @@ that have <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">groonga</span></code>
 <p>Here is a sample <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code> usage example that uses just one
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SCORE_ADJUST_EXPRESSION</span></code>:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --filter true \
   --adjuster &#39;content @ &quot;groonga&quot; * 5&#39; \
   --output_columns _key,content,_score
@@ -4855,7 +4855,7 @@ record that its key is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;Gr
 <p>You can omit <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FACTOR</span></code>. If you omit <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FACTOR</span></code>, it is treated as 1.</p>
 <p>Here is a sample <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code> usage example that omits <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FACTOR</span></code>:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --filter true \
   --adjuster &#39;content @ &quot;groonga&quot;&#39; \
   --output_columns _key,content,_score
@@ -4921,7 +4921,7 @@ key is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;Groonga&quot;</spa
 <p>Here is a sample <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code> usage example that uses multiple
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SCORE_ADJUST_EXPRESSION</span></code>:</p>
 <p>Execution example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>select Entries \
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>select Entries \
   --filter true \
   --adjuster &#39;content @ &quot;groonga&quot; * 5 + content @ &quot;started&quot; * 3&#39; \
   --output_columns _key,content,_score
@@ -5000,9 +5000,9 @@ the same <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;KEYWORD&quot;</s
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="return-value">
-<span id="select-return-value"></span><h2>7.3.43.5. Return value<a class="headerlink" href="#return-value" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="select-return-value"></span><h2>7.3.51.5. Return value<a class="headerlink" href="#return-value" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code> returns response with the following format:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   HEADER,
   [
     SEARCH_RESULT,
@@ -5019,7 +5019,7 @@ the same <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;KEYWORD&quot;</s
 <p>There are zero or more <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DRILLDOWN_RESULT</span></code>. If no <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code> and
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code> are specified, they are omitted like the
 following:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   HEADER,
   [
     SEARCH_RESULT
@@ -5029,7 +5029,7 @@ following:</p>
 </div>
 <p>If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code> has two or more keys like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--drilldown</span> <span class="pre">&quot;_key,</span>
 <span class="pre">column1,</span> <span class="pre">column2&quot;</span></code>, multiple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DRILLDOWN_RESULT</span></code> exist:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   HEADER,
   [
     SEARCH_RESULT,
@@ -5042,7 +5042,7 @@ following:</p>
 </div>
 <p>If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code> is used, only one <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DRILLDOWN_RESULT</span></code>
 exist:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   HEADER,
   [
     SEARCH_RESULT,
@@ -5054,7 +5054,7 @@ exist:</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DRILLDOWN_RESULT</span></code> format is different between <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code> and
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code>. It's described later.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEARCH_RESULT</span></code> is the following format:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   [N_HITS],
   COLUMNS,
   RECORDS
@@ -5066,7 +5066,7 @@ exist:</p>
 is applied.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">COLUMNS</span></code> describes about output columns specified by
 <a class="reference internal" href="#select-output-columns"><span>output_columns</span></a>. It uses the following format:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   [COLUMN_NAME_1, COLUMN_TYPE_1],
   [COLUMN_NAME_2, COLUMN_TYPE_2],
   ...,
@@ -5092,7 +5092,7 @@ by whether real column value is array or not.</p>
 function call in <a class="reference internal" href="#select-output-columns"><span>output_columns</span></a> such as
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--output_columns</span> <span class="pre">&quot;snippet_html(content)&quot;</span></code> uses <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">null</span></code>.</p>
 <p>Here is an example of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">COLUMNS</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   [&quot;_id&quot;,     &quot;UInt32&quot;],
   [&quot;_key&quot;,    &quot;ShortText&quot;],
   [&quot;n_likes&quot;, &quot;UInt32&quot;],
@@ -5102,7 +5102,7 @@ function call in <a class="reference internal" href="#select-output-columns"><sp
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RECORDS</span></code> includes column values for each matched record. Included
 records are selected by <a class="reference internal" href="#select-offset"><span>offset</span></a> and
 <a class="reference internal" href="#select-limit"><span>limit</span></a>. It uses the following format:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   [
     RECORD_1_COLUMN_1,
     RECORD_1_COLUMN_2,
@@ -5126,7 +5126,7 @@ records are selected by <a class="reference internal" href="#select-offset"><spa
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Here is an example <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RECORDS</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   [
     1,
     &quot;The first post!&quot;,
@@ -5148,7 +5148,7 @@ records are selected by <a class="reference internal" href="#select-offset"><spa
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DRILLDOWN_RESULT</span></code> format is different between <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code> and
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code>.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code> uses the same format as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEARCH_RESULT</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   [N_HITS],
   COLUMNS,
   RECORDS
@@ -5160,7 +5160,7 @@ records are selected by <a class="reference internal" href="#select-offset"><spa
 <p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code> uses the following format. Multiple
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code> are mapped to one object (key-value
 pairs):</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>{
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>{
   &quot;LABEL_1&quot;: [
     [N_HITS],
     COLUMNS,
@@ -5181,7 +5181,7 @@ pairs):</p>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Each <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code> corresponds to the following:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>&quot;LABEL&quot;: [
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>&quot;LABEL&quot;: [
   [N_HITS],
   COLUMNS,
   RECORDS
@@ -5189,7 +5189,7 @@ pairs):</p>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>The following value part is the same format as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEARCH_RESULT</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>[
+<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[
   [N_HITS],
   COLUMNS,
   RECORDS
@@ -5200,7 +5200,7 @@ pairs):</p>
 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}]</span></code> style drilldown output format.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="see-also">
-<h2>7.3.43.6. See also<a class="headerlink" href="#see-also" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>7.3.51.6. See also<a class="headerlink" href="#see-also" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
 <blockquote>
 <div><ul class="simple">
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="../grn_expr/query_syntax.html"><em>Query syntax</em></a></li>
@@ -5218,85 +5218,85 @@ pairs):</p>
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
   <h3><a href="../../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
   <ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">7.3.43. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code></a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#summary">7.3.43.1. Summary</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#syntax">7.3.43.2. Syntax</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#usage">7.3.43.3. Usage</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#simple-usage">7.3.43.3.1. Simple usage</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-conditions">7.3.43.3.2. Search conditions</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-condition-query">7.3.43.3.2.1. Search condition: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-condition-filter">7.3.43.3.2.2. Search condition: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">7.3.51. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">select</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#summary">7.3.51.1. Summary</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#syntax">7.3.51.2. Syntax</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#usage">7.3.51.3. Usage</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#simple-usage">7.3.51.3.1. Simple usage</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-conditions">7.3.51.3.2. Search conditions</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-condition-query">7.3.51.3.2.1. Search condition: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-condition-filter">7.3.51.3.2.2. Search condition: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code></a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#paging">7.3.43.3.3. Paging</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-total-number-of-records">7.3.43.3.4. The total number of records</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown">7.3.43.3.5. Drilldown</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#paging">7.3.51.3.3. Paging</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-total-number-of-records">7.3.51.3.4. The total number of records</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown">7.3.51.3.5. Drilldown</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parameters">7.3.43.4. Parameters</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#required-parameter">7.3.43.4.1. Required parameter</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#table">7.3.43.4.1.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">table</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parameters">7.3.51.4. Parameters</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#required-parameter">7.3.51.4.1. Required parameter</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#table">7.3.51.4.1.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">table</span></code></a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-related-parameters">7.3.43.4.2. Search related parameters</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#match-columns">7.3.43.4.2.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query">7.3.43.4.2.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filter">7.3.43.4.2.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#search-related-parameters">7.3.51.4.2. Search related parameters</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#match-columns">7.3.51.4.2.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_columns</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query">7.3.51.4.2.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filter">7.3.51.4.2.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter</span></code></a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#advanced-search-parameters">7.3.43.4.3. Advanced search parameters</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#match-escalation-threshold">7.3.43.4.3.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_escalation_threshold</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query-expansion">7.3.43.4.3.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expansion</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query-flags">7.3.43.4.3.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_flags</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query-expander">7.3.43.4.3.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expander</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#advanced-search-parameters">7.3.51.4.3. Advanced search parameters</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#match-escalation-threshold">7.3.51.4.3.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">match_escalation_threshold</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query-expansion">7.3.51.4.3.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expansion</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query-flags">7.3.51.4.3.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_flags</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query-expander">7.3.51.4.3.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query_expander</span></code></a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#output-related-parameters">7.3.43.4.4. Output related parameters</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#output-columns">7.3.43.4.4.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">output_columns</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sortby">7.3.43.4.4.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sortby</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#offset">7.3.43.4.4.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">offset</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limit">7.3.43.4.4.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">limit</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#scorer">7.3.43.4.4.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">scorer</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#output-related-parameters">7.3.51.4.4. Output related parameters</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#output-columns">7.3.51.4.4.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">output_columns</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sortby">7.3.51.4.4.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sortby</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#offset">7.3.51.4.4.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">offset</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limit">7.3.51.4.4.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">limit</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#scorer">7.3.51.4.4.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">scorer</span></code></a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-related-parameters">7.3.43.4.5. Drilldown related parameters</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown">7.3.43.4.5.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-sortby">7.3.43.4.5.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_sortby</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-output-columns">7.3.43.4.5.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_output_columns</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-offset">7.3.43.4.5.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_offset</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-limit">7.3.43.4.5.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_limit</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-calc-types">7.3.43.4.5.6. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_types</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-calc-target">7.3.43.4.5.7. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_target</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-related-parameters">7.3.51.4.5. Drilldown related parameters</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#select-drilldown">7.3.51.4.5.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-sortby">7.3.51.4.5.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_sortby</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-output-columns">7.3.51.4.5.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_output_columns</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-offset">7.3.51.4.5.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_offset</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-limit">7.3.51.4.5.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_limit</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-calc-types">7.3.51.4.5.6. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_types</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-calc-target">7.3.51.4.5.7. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown_calc_target</span></code></a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#advanced-drilldown-related-parameters">7.3.43.4.6. Advanced drilldown related parameters</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-label-keys">7.3.43.4.6.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-label-output-columns">7.3.43.4.6.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].output_columns</span></code></a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#output-format-for-drilldown-label-style">7.3.43.4.6.3. Output format for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}]</span></code> style</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#advanced-drilldown-related-parameters">7.3.51.4.6. Advanced drilldown related parameters</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-label-keys">7.3.51.4.6.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].keys</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drilldown-label-output-columns">7.3.51.4.6.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}].output_columns</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#output-format-for-drilldown-label-style">7.3.51.4.6.3. Output format for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drilldown[${LABEL}]</span></code> style</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cache-related-parameter">7.3.43.4.7. Cache related parameter</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cache">7.3.43.4.7.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cache</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cache-related-parameter">7.3.51.4.7. Cache related parameter</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cache">7.3.51.4.7.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cache</span></code></a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#score-related-parameters">7.3.43.4.8. Score related parameters</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adjuster">7.3.43.4.8.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#score-related-parameters">7.3.51.4.8. Score related parameters</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adjuster">7.3.51.4.8.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">adjuster</span></code></a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#return-value">7.3.43.5. Return value</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#see-also">7.3.43.6. See also</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#return-value">7.3.51.5. Return value</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#see-also">7.3.51.6. See also</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
   <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="ruby_load.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">7.3.42. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ruby_load</span></code></a></p>
+  <p class="topless"><a href="schema.html"
+                        title="previous chapter">7.3.50. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">schema</span></code></a></p>
   <h4>Next topic</h4>
   <p class="topless"><a href="shutdown.html"
-                        title="next chapter">7.3.44. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">shutdown</span></code></a></p>
+                        title="next chapter">7.3.52. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">shutdown</span></code></a></p>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -5328,18 +5328,18 @@ pairs):</p>
           <a href="../../genindex.html" title="General Index"
              >index</a></li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="shutdown.html" title="7.3.44. shutdown"
+          <a href="shutdown.html" title="7.3.52. shutdown"
              >next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="ruby_load.html" title="7.3.42. ruby_load"
+          <a href="schema.html" title="7.3.50. schema"
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