rootine-gem 0.1.0

checksums.yaml

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data/.gitignore

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+/.bundle/
+/.yardoc
+/_yardoc/
+/coverage/
+/doc/
+/pkg/
+/spec/reports/
+/tmp/
+
+# rspec failure tracking
+.rspec_status

data/.rspec

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+--format documentation
+--color
+--require spec_helper

data/.travis.yml

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+---
+sudo: false
+language: ruby
+cache: bundler
+rvm:
+  - 2.6.3
+before_install: gem install bundler -v 2.0.1

data/Gemfile

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+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in rootine-gem.gemspec
+gemspec

data/Gemfile.lock

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+PATH
+  remote: .
+  specs:
+    rootine-gem (0.1.0)
+
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    diff-lcs (1.3)
+    rake (10.5.0)
+    rspec (3.8.0)
+      rspec-core (~> 3.8.0)
+      rspec-expectations (~> 3.8.0)
+      rspec-mocks (~> 3.8.0)
+    rspec-core (3.8.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
+    rspec-expectations (3.8.3)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
+    rspec-mocks (3.8.0)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.8.0)
+    rspec-support (3.8.0)
+
+PLATFORMS
+  ruby
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  bundler (~> 2.0)
+  rake (~> 10.0)
+  rootine-gem!
+  rspec (~> 3.0)
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+   2.0.1

data/README.md

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+# RootineGem
+
+Explore root in word.
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'rootine-gem'
+```
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install rootine-gem
+
+## Usage
+
+```ruby
+info = rootine.get_word_roots('telecommuter')
+# => [[0, 4, [331]], [4, 7, [64]], [7, 10, [215]], [10, 12, [38, 39, 40]]]
+rootine.roots[info[0][2][0]]
+# => ["^tel[eo]?", "tel/e/o", "far, distant, complete", "遠く、遠く、完全な", "Greek", "telephone - a device to talk to a distant person; telescope - a device to view distant objects; television - a device to receive pictures from afar; telecommuting - working remotely, bridging the distance via virtual devices."]
+```
+
+result ::= root_info, suffix_info
+root_info ::= [] | [root_start_at, root_end_at, regexp_indexes] | root_info, root_info
+suffix_info ::= [] | [root_start_at, root_end_at, regexp_indexes]
+root_start_at ::= number (0 <= i <= word.length)
+root_end_at ::= number (0 <= i <= word.length)
+regexp_indexes ::= regexp_index | regexp_indexes, regexp_index
+regexp_index ::= number
+
+## Development
+
+After checking out the repo, run `bin/setup` to install dependencies. Then, run `rake spec` to run the tests. You can also run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.
+
+To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`. To release a new version, update the version number in `version.rb`, and then run `bundle exec rake release`, which will create a git tag for the version, push git commits and tags, and push the `.gem` file to [rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org).
+
+## Contributing
+
+Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/sa2taka/rootine-gem.

data/Rakefile

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+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rspec/core/rake_task"
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task :default => :spec

data/bin/console

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "rootine/gem"
+
+# You can add fixtures and/or initialization code here to make experimenting
+# with your gem easier. You can also use a different console, if you like.
+
+# (If you use this, don't forget to add pry to your Gemfile!)
+# require "pry"
+# Pry.start
+
+require "irb"
+IRB.start(__FILE__)

data/bin/setup

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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+set -vx
+
+bundle install
+
+# Do any other automated setup that you need to do here

data/lib/rootine-gem/rootine.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'csv'
+
+module RootineGem
+  #
+  # Root Explorer
+  #
+  class Rootine
+    attr_reader :roots, :suffixes
+    #
+    # Rootine initializer
+    # Specify an argument when using information other than standard
+    #
+    # @param [Array<Array<string>>] roots roots info.
+    # @param [Array<Array<string>>] suffixes suffiex info.
+    #
+    def initialize(roots: nil, suffixes: nil)
+      @roots = roots || CSV.read(File.expand_path('roots_data/roots.csv', __dir__))
+      @suffixes = suffixes || CSV.read(File.expand_path('roots_data/suffixes.csv', __dir__))
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Get roots from given word
+    # Return value format:
+    #   [
+    #     [start, end, [regexp_i1, regexp_i2, ...]],
+    #     [start, end, [regexp_i1, regexp_i2, ...]],
+    #     ...
+    #   ]
+    #
+    # @param [String] word word finded roots
+    # @return [Array] finded roots(the longest of)
+    #
+    def get_word_roots(word)
+      raise ArgumentError, 'Word must be greater than 0 characters' if word.length.zero?
+
+      roots = []
+      suffixes = find_suffixes(word)
+
+      suffixes.each do |suffix|
+        work_word = word[0..suffix[0]]
+        roots << find_roots(work_word).append(suffix)
+      end
+
+      return nil if roots.length.zero?
+      return roots[0] if roots.length == 1
+
+      result = []
+      longest = 0
+
+      roots.each do |root|
+        pp root
+        root_length = root.inject { |sum, r| sum + (r[1] - r[0]) }
+        if root_length > longest
+          result = root
+          longest = root_length
+        end
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    #
+    # Find roots from given word.
+    # Return value format:
+    #   [
+    #     [start, end, [regexp_i1, regexp_i2, ...]],
+    #     [start, end, [regexp_i1, regexp_i2, ...]],
+    #     ...
+    #   ]
+    #
+    # @param [String] word word finded roots
+    #
+    # @return [Array] finded roots(the longest of)
+    #
+    def find_roots(word)
+      result = []
+      i = 0
+      while i < word.length
+        work_word = word[i..-1]
+        matched_regexps = []
+        root_regexps.each_with_index do |regexp_str, regexp_i|
+          regexp = Regexp.new(regexp_str)
+          if (matched = regexp.match(work_word))
+            matched_regexps << [i + matched.begin(0), i + matched.end(0), regexp_i]
+          end
+        end
+
+        if matched_regexps.length.zero?
+          i += 1
+        else
+          longest_start, longest_end, = (matched_regexps.sort_by { |r| r[1] }).reverse[0]
+          longets_regexp_indexes = matched_regexps
+                                   .filter { |matched| longest_start == matched[0] && longest_end == matched[1] }
+                                   .map { |matched| matched[2] }
+          diff = (longest_end - longest_start).abs
+          if diff >= 3 || i.zero?
+            result.append([longest_start, longest_end, longets_regexp_indexes])
+          end
+          i += diff
+        end
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Find allsuffix from given word.
+    # Return value format:
+    #   [
+    #     [start, end, [regexp_i1, regexp_i2]],
+    #     [start, end, [regexp_i1, regexp_i2]],
+    #     ...
+    #   ]
+    #
+    # @param [String] word word finded roots
+    #
+    # @return [Array] finded roots(the longest of)
+    #
+    def find_suffixes(word)
+      matched_regexps = []
+      result = []
+      suffix_regexps.each_with_index do |regexp_str, regexp_i|
+        regexp = Regexp.new(regexp_str)
+        if (matched = regexp.match(word))
+          matched_regexps << [matched.begin(0), matched.end(0), regexp_i]
+        end
+      end
+
+      unless matched_regexps.length.zero?
+        matched_regexps.sort_by! { |matched| matched[1] }
+        matched_regexps.sort_by! { |matched| matched[0] }
+        work_indexs = []
+        pre_start = pre_end = nil
+        matched_regexps.each do |matched|
+          if pre_start != matched[0] || pre_end != matched[1]
+            result << [pre_start, pre_end, work_indexs] unless pre_start.nil?
+            work_indexs = []
+            pre_start = matched[0]
+            pre_end = matched[1]
+            work_indexs << matched[2]
+          else
+            work_indexs << matched[2]
+          end
+        end
+        result << [pre_start, pre_end, work_indexs]
+      end
+
+      result
+    end
+
+    def root_regexps
+      roots.map { |r| r[0] }
+    end
+
+    def suffix_regexps
+      suffixes.map { |s| s[0] }
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/rootine-gem/roots_data/roots.csv

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+^an?,a/n,"not, without",ない、なし,Greek,abyss - without bottom; achromatic - without color; anhydrous - without water
+^a,a,on,に,Latin,afire - on fire; ashore - on the shore; aside - on the side
+^a|^abs?,"a, ab/s","from, away, off",〜から、離れる、オフ,Latin,"abduct - carry away by force; abnormal - away from normal, not normal; absent - away, not present; aversion - the act of turning away from; abbreviate: to shorten."
+^a[cd]?,a/c/d,"to, toward, near",〜へ、近く,Latin,"accelerate - to increase the speed of; accessible - easily entered, approached, or obtained; admittance - allowing into;"
+^acro,acro,"top, height, tip, beginning",トップ、高さ、先端、初め,Greek,"acrobat - a ""high walker""; acronym - a word formed from the first (capital) letters of a word; acrophobia - fear of height"
+^act,act,do,行う,Latin,activity - something that a person does; react - to do something in response; interaction - communication between two or more things
+^aero?,aer/o,air,空気,Greek,aerate - to let air reach something; aerial - relating to the air; aerospace - the air space
+^agr[io]?,agr/i/o,farming,耕作,LatinGreek,"agriculture - management of the land, agribusiness - making money by utilizing land; agrarian - relating to the management of land"
+^algo?,alg/o,pain,疼痛,Latin,neuralgia - pain caused by a nerve; analgesic - a drug that makes one pain free; nostalgia - aching for the familiar
+^ambi|^amphi,"ambi, amphi","both, on both sides, around",両方とも、両側に、周り,Latin,ambidextrous - able to use both hands equally; ambiguous - having more than one meaning; ambivalence - conflicting or opposite feelings toward a person or thing
+^ambul,ambul,"walk, move",、歩く、動く,Latin,"amble - to walk in a slow, relaxed way; ambulant - walking or moving around; ambulance - a vehicle that moves a patient"
+^amio?,ami/o,love,愛,Latin,"amiable - friendly, pleasant, lovable; amity - friendly and peaceful relations; amorous - showing romantic love"
+^ana,ana,"up, back, against, again, throughout",バック、再び、に対して、全体に、アップ,Greek,analysis - a close examination of something; anatomy - the structure of something as visible when cut up for analysis; anachronism - not being in the right place in time
+^andro?,andr/o,"man, male",男、男性,Greek,androgynous - being both male and female; android - resembling a human; misandry - hatred towards men
+^anim,anim,"life, spirit",生活、精神,Latin,animal - a living organism; animate - to make alive; equanimity - of balanced spirit
+^ann|^enn,"ann, enn",year,年,Latin,"anniversary - a date observed once a year; annual - happening once a year; millennium - 1,000 years"
+^ante,ante,"before, in front",前に、前に,Latin,antecede - to come before something in time; antemeridian - before noon; anteroom- a small room before the main room
+^antho?,anth/o,flower,花,Greek,"chrysanthemum and amaranth - names of flowers; anthology - a collection of treasured writings; anthozoan - half plant, half animal, like anemones and corals."
+^anthropo?,anthrop/o,human,人間,Greek,anthropology - the study of mankind; anthropomorphism - giving human form to non-human things; philanthropy - the love to mankind (expressed through good deeds)
+^anti,anti,"against, opposite of",の反対、反対,Greek,antibody - a substance that destroys micro-organisms; antiseptic - preventing infection; antisocial - opposing social norm
+^apo|^apho,"apo, apho","away, off, separate",離れて、オフ、別々の,Greek,"aphorism - a short expression of a general truth; apology - an explicit expression of regret, apostrophe - a small dash used in place of an omitted letter"
+^aqua?,aqu/a,water,水,Latin,aquarium - a water container for fish; aquatic- relating to water; aqueduct - a pipeline for water
+^arbor,arbor,tree,木,Latin,arborist - someone working with trees; arbor - a shady area formed by trees; arborous - having many trees
+^archi?,arch/i,"chief, most important, rule",チーフ、最も重要なのは、ルール,Greek,archbishop - the highest ranking bishop; archenemy - chief or worst enemy; matriarch - a female who rules a group; monarch - a king or queen
+^arch[ai]?,arch/a/i,"primitive, ancient",原始、古代,Greek,archaeology - the study of ancient cultures; archaic - belonging to an earlier period; archive - a collection of historical materials
+^arthro?,arthr/o,joint,ジョイント,LatinGreek,"arthroscope - a tool to see inside a joint; arthritis - inflammation of a joint; arthropod - invertebrates with jointed legs, like spiders, crustaceans, insects"
+^art,art,skill,スキル,Latin,artifact - object made by a person's skill; artisan - a person skilled in a craft; artist - a person who creates skillfully
+^astro|^aster,"astro, aster","star, stars, outer space",星、星、宇宙,Greek,astronaut - a person traveling to the stars; astronomer - someone who studies the stars; asterisk - a star-shaped sign used as a reference tool
+^aud(?:i|io)?,aud/i/io,hear,聞く,Latin,audible - loud enough to be heard; audience - people who listen to a program; audiovisual - relating to sound and vision
+^auto,auto,"self, same, one",自己、同じ、1,Greek,autocrat - a person who governs with absolute power; autograph - a person's own signature; automatic - moving by itself
+^avia?,avi/a,bird,鳥,Latin,aviary - a large enclosure for birds; aviatrix - a female airplane pilot; aviation - the art of designing or operating aircraft
+^baro?,bar/o,"pressure, weight",圧力、重量,Greek,"baric - pertaining to pressure, esp. of the atmosphere; milliard - metric unit, equal to 1/1000th of a bar; baryon - heavy elementary particle"
+^belli?,bell/i,war,戦争,Latin,"bellicose - warlike; belligerent - hostile, ready to fight; rebel - person who opposes and fights"
+^bene,bene,"good, well",まあ、良いです,Latin,benefactor - person who gives money to a cause; beneficial - producing a good effect; benevolent - showing kindness or goodwill
+^bin?,bi/n,"two, twice, once in every two",2、二回、二回に一回,Latin,biannual - happening twice a year; binoculars - optical device with two lenses; bilateral - of or involving two sides
+^biblio?,bibli/o,book,本,Greek,bibliography - a list of books used as sources; bibliomania - an extreme love of books; bibliophile - a person who loves books
+^bio,bio,"life, living matter",人生、生活の問題,Greek,biography- a life story written by another person; biology - the science of life; biosphere - Earth's surface inhabited by living things
+^blasto?,blast/o,"cell, primitive, immature cell",セル、原始的、未熟な細胞,Greek,blastula - an early stage of embryonic development; fibroblast - a cell that forms connective tissue; blastoderm - the layer surrounding the inside of an egg
+^burs,burs,"pouch, purse",ポーチ、財布,Latin,bursar- an administrative officer in charge of funds; bursary- the treasury of a college or monastery; disburse- to expend especially from a public fund
+^calc,calc,stone,石,Latin,calcite; calcium- the flame of acetylene gas generated by reaction of calcium carbide with water; calcification- impregnation with calcareous matter
+^cand,cand,"glowing, iridescent",輝く、虹色,Latin,"candid- free from bias, prejudice, or malice; candle- something that gives light; incandescent- white, glowing, or luminous with intense heat"
+^capt|^cept|^ceive,"capt, cept, ceive","take, hold",取る、ホールド,Latin,intercept - to stop or interrupt; perceive - to take notice of something; captivating - taking hold of
+^cardio?,cardi/o,heart,心臓,Greek,cardiac - relating to the heart; cardiogenic - resulting from heart disease; cardiologist - a heart doctor
+^carni?,carn/i,"flesh, meat",肉、肉,Latin,carnivorous - flesh-eating; carnal - pertaining to the body or flesh; incarnate - given bodily form
+^cata,cata,"down, against completely, intensive, according to",ダウン、完全に集中に対して、に従って,Greek,"cataclysm - a flood or other disaster, catalog - a complete listing; catastrophe - turning for the worst, a substantial disaster"
+^caust|^caut,"caust, caut",to burn,燃やす,LatinGreek,"cauterize - to burn with a hot instrument; caustic - capable of burning or eating away; holocaust - total devastation, especially by fire"
+^cede|^ceed|^cess,"cede, ceed, cess","go, yield",行く、収量,Latin,"exceed - to go beyond the limits; recede - to go back; accessible - easily entered, approached, or obtained;"
+^celer,celer,fast,速いです,Latin,accelerate - to increase the speed of; decelerate - to reduce the speed of
+^centi?,cent/i,"hundred, hundredth",百、百,Latin,centennial- the 100th anniversary; centimeter - 1/100 of a meter; century - 100 years
+^centr[oi]?,centr/o/i,center,センター,Greek,"egocentric - self-centered; eccentric - not having a common center, not according to norm; centrifugal - moving outward from a center"
+^cephalo?,cephal/o,head,頭,Greek,encephalitis - inflammation of the brain; cephalic - pertaining to the head; cephalopod - marine mollusks like octopus and squid who have tentacles growing from their head
+^cerebro?,cerebr/o,brain,脳,Latin,cerebral - pertaining to the brain; cerebrate - to use the brain; cerebrospinal - pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord
+^cert,cert,sure,確か,Latin,ascertain- to find out something with certainty; certain - being absolutely sure; certify - to state that something is true
+^chromo?|^chromato?|^chros,"chrom/o, chromat/o, chros","color, pigment",色、顔料,Greek,"achromatic - without color; chromium - a blue-white metallic chemical element, chromatics - the study of color"
+^chrono?,chron/o,time,時間,Greek,"chronic - lasting for a long time; chronological - arranging events in time order, synchronize - happening at the same time"
+^chryso?,chrys/o,"gold, yellow",金、黄色,Greek,chrysanthemum and helichrysum - golden/yellow flowers; chrysolite - a yellowish gem
+^cide|^cise,"cide, cise","cut, kill",カット、殺します,Latin,homicide - murder; incisor - a sharp tooth for cutting food; insecticide - a chemical used to kill insects
+^circum|^circle,"circum, circle","around, about",周りには約,Latin,circumnavigate - to sail around; circumscribe - to draw around; circumspect - looking around
+^claim|^clam,"claim, clam","shout, speak out",叫び、声,Latin,clamor - to shout and make noise; exclaim - to cry out loudly and suddenly; proclamation - something announced officially in public
+^clar,clar,clear,明確な,Latin,clarification - an explanation; clarify - to make something clear; declare - to state something clearly
+^clud|^clus,"clud, clus",close,閉じる,Latin,"conclusion - the end or last part; exclusion - shutting out, rejecting; seclude - to keep away from; to isolate"
+^cline,cline,lean,リーン,Latin,inclination - a leaning toward; incline - a surface that slopes or leans; recline - to lean back and relax
+^co,co,"with, together, joint",、一緒に、共同で,Latin,coauthor - writer who collaborates with another author; coeducation - educating males and females together; cohousing - planning your neighborhood in an intentional neighborly fashion
+^col,col,"together, jointly",一緒に、共同で,Latin,Collaborate - to work together; collision - smashing together; colloquial - words formed by everday interaction
+^com,com,"together, common",一緒に、共通,Latin,commemorate - to memorize together; composition - an arrangement or putting together of parts; commune - living together while owning things in common
+^cogni?,cogn/i,know,知っています,Latin,cognition - process of acquiring knowledge; incognito - disguised so no one knows you; recognize - to discover that one knows
+^con,con,"with, jointly",共同で、と,Latin,concur - to agree with someone; contemporary - of the same time period as others; convention - a gathering of people with a common interest
+^contrao?,contra/o,"against, opposite",反対、反対,Latin,"contradict to argue against, Contraflow, contraception, contrary not in agreement, controversy disagreement"
+^corpo?,corp/o,body,体,Latin,corporation - a company recognized by law as a single body; corpse - a dead body; corporal - pertaining to the body
+^cosmo?,cosm/o,universe,宇宙,Greek,cosmonaut - a Russian astronaut; cosmos - the universe; microcosm - a miniature universe
+^counter,counter,"opposite, contrary, opposing",反対、反対、反対の,,counteract - to oppose the effects of an action; countermand - to cancel a previous order; counteroffensive - attack against an attack
+^cranio,cranio,skull,頭蓋骨,Greek,craniology - the study of skull characteristics; cranium - skull of vertebrates; cranial - pertaining to the skull
+^crea?,cre/a,glow,成長する,Latin,create -;increase
+^cred,cred,believe,信じます,Latin,"credence - belief that something is true or valid; credulous - believing things too easily, gullible; incredible - unbelievable"
+^cruc,cruc,cross,クロス,Latin,crucial-characteristic of or having the form of a cross ; crucifix- the cross itself as a Christian emblem; excruciating- so intense as to cause great pain or anguish
+^crypto,crypto,"hidden, secret",隠された秘密,Greek,cryptic - of hidden meaning; cryptography - science of secret codes; encrypt - encode into secret code
+^cumul,cumul,"mass, heap",質量、ヒープ,Latin,accumulate - to gather or pile up; cumulative - gradually building up
+^curr|^curs,"curr, curs",run,ラン,Latin,"concurrent- running parallel; current- flowing easily and smoothly; cursive- having a flowing, easy, impromptu character"
+^cycl,cycl,"circle, ring",サークル、リング,Greek,bicycle - a vehicle with two wheels; cycle - a sequence that is repeated; cyclone - a storm with circling winds
+^de,de,"reduce, away, down, remove",ダウン、離れて、削減、削除,Latin,"decelerate - to slow down, reduce speed; dethrone - to remove from power; debug - to remove bugs"
+^deca?|^deka,"dec/a, deka",ten,十,Greek,decade - 10 years; decathlon - athletic contest that includes 10 disciplines in which each participant competes; December - formerly the 10th month of the Roman calendar
+^deci,deci,one tenth,十分の一,Latin,deciliter - a tenth of a liter; decimate - reduce dramatically; decibel - one tenth of the sound volume unit bel
+^demo?,dem/o,people,人,Greek,democracy - government of the people; demographic - the study of people; epidemic - spreading among people in a region
+^demi,demi,"half, less than",半分未満,Latin,demitasse - a small cup of coffee; demimonde - someone of little respected life style
+^dendr[oi]?,dendr/o/i,tree,木,Greek,philodendron - a climbing plant that grows on trees; dendrochronology - dating events by studying growth rings in trees; dendriform - in the shape of a tree
+^dent|^dont,"dent, dont",tooth,歯,Latin,dental - relating to teeth; dentist - a doctor for the teeth; dentures - a set of false teeth
+^derma?,derm/a,skin,肌,Greek,"dermatologist - a doctor for the skin; pachyderm - a class of animals with very thick skin (elephant, rhinoceros); dermatitis - inflammation of the skin"
+^di(?:plo)?,di/plo,"two, twice",2、二回,Greek,"dichromatic - displaying two colors; diploma - a certificate, literally ""a letter folded double""; dilemma - a situation that requires a choice between two alternatives."
+^dis?,di/s,"apart, away, not, to the opposite",離れて、離れて、ではない、反対に,Latin,"digression - a departure from the main issue, subject; disappear - to move out of sight; dissect - to cut apart piece by piece."
+^dia,dia,"through, between, apart, across",間、離れて、横切って、スルー,Greek,diabetes - disease characterized by excessive thirst and discharge of urine; diagnosis - understanding a condition by going through a detailed review of symptoms; dialog - conversation between two people.
+^dict,dict,speak,話します,Latin,contradict - to express the opposite of; prediction - a statement foretelling the future; dictate - to speak out loud for another person to write down.
+^domin,domin,master,マスター,Latin,dominate - to be the master of; domineering - excessively controlling; predominate - to have more power than others
+^don(?:at)?,don/at,give,与える,Latin,donation - a contribution or gift; donor - someone who gives something; pardon - to give forgiveness for an offense
+^duct?,duc/t,lead,鉛,Latin,conduct - to lead musicians in playing music; educate - to lead to knowledge; deduction - a subtraction of an amount.
+^duo?,du/o,"two, twice",2、二回,Latin,duplicate - make an identical copy; duet - a musical composition for two voices or instruments; duo - a pair normally thought of as being together.
+^dur,dur,"harden, to last, lasting",硬く、長持ちし、持続,Latin,durable - having the quality of lasting; duration - the length of time something lasts; enduring - able to last.
+^dyn(?:a|am)?,dyn/a/am,"power, energy, strength",パワー、エネルギー、強度,Greek,dynamo - a generator of energy; dynamic - having physical energy/power; dynamite - a powerful explosive.
+^dys,dys,"abnormal, bad",悪い、異常,Greek,dyspepsia - abnormal digestion; dystopia - an imaginary place of total misery; dyslexia - impairment of the ability to handle words.
+^e,e,"out, away",アウト、離れて,Latin,eloquent - speaking beautifully and forcefully; emissary - a representative of a country or group sent on a mission; eject - throw out forcefully.
+^ego,ego,self,自己,LatinGreek,egoistic - self-centered; alter ego - a higher aspect of oneself; egomania - excessive preoccupation with oneself.
+^em|^en,"em, en","into, cover with, cause",〜の中へ、覆う、原因,,empathy - intention to feel like another person; empower - put into power; engorge - make larger.
+^endo,endo,"within, inside",内部に、内,Greek,"endotherm - a creature that can keep its inside temperature fairly constant; endocrine - relating to glands that secrete directly into the blood or lymph; endogamy - the custom to marry within one's clan, tribe etc."
+^enni?|^anni,"enn/i, anni",years,年,Latin,bicentennial - of or relating to an age or period of 200 years; centennial - of or relating to an age or period of 100 years; perennial -lasting through many years.
+^en|^in,"en, in","inside, inwards",内部に、内側に,Latin,envision - to picture in the mind; enclose - lock inside; inwards - towards the inside.
+^epi?,ep/i,"on, upon, over, among, at, after, to, outside",際に、オーバー、内側の、後に、外側に、上,Greek,epidemic - the rapid spread of something negative; epilogue - a short speech delivered after a play; epicenter - the center of an earthquake.
+^equi?,equ/i,"equal, equally",等しい、等しく,Latin,"equidistant - an equal distance from two points; equanimity - calm temperament, evenness of temper; equation - a statement of equality."
+^ergo?,erg/o,work,作業,Greek,ergonomics - study of the working environment; energy - the power to accomplish work; energetics - science that looks at energy and its transformation.
+^esth|^aesth,"esth, aesth","feeling, sensation, beauty",感情、感覚、美しさ,Latin,esthetician - someone who beautifies; aesthetic - pertaining to a sense of beauty; kinesthesia - the sensation of bodily movement.
+^ethno,ethno,"race, people",レース、人々,Greek,ethnic - pertaining to a defined group of people; ethnocentric - focusing on the ethnicity of people; ethnology - the science of people and races.
+^eu,eu,"good, well",まあ、良いです,Greek,euphemism - replacing an offensive word with an inoffensive one; euphonious - having a pleasant sound; euphoria - feeling of well-being.
+^ex,ex,"from, out,",アウト、から、,Latin,excavate - to dig out; exhale - to breathe out; extract - to pull out.
+^extra|^extro,"extra, extro","outside, beyond",外に、超えて,Latin,extraordinary - beyond ordinary; extraterrestrial - outside the Earth; extrovert - an outgoing person.
+^fact?,fac/t,"make, do",作る、やる,Latin,artifact - an object made by a person; factory - a place where things are made; malefact - a person who does wrong.
+^fer,fer,"bear, bring, carry",クマ、持参、キャリー,Latin,confer - to bring an honor to someone; ferry - a boat that carries passengers; transfer - to move to another place.
+^fid,fid,faith,信仰,Latin,"confide - place trust in someone, fidelity - faithfulness; fiduciary - a trustee;"
+^flect,flect,bend,曲がり,Latin,deflect - to bend course because of hitting something; inflection - a bending in the voice's tone or pitch; flexible - easily bending.
+^flora?|^fleur,"flor/a, fleur",flower,花,Latin,florist - someone working with flowers; floral - flowerlike; flora - the plant life of a particular time or area
+^for,for,completely (used to intensify the meaning of a word),完全に（単語の意味を強化するために使用される）,,forsaken or forfeited - completely lost; forgiven - completely given (a release of debt).
+^fore,fore,"in front of, previous, earlier",以前、目の前で、それ以前,,forebear - ancestor; forebode - to give an advance warning of something bad; forecast - a preview of events to be.
+^form,form,shape,形状,Latin,"conformity- correspondence in form, manner, or character; formation- something that is formed; reformatory- intended for reformation"
+^fract|^frag,"fract, frag",break,ブレーク,Latin,fracture - a break; fragile - easy to break; fragment or fraction - a part or element of a larger whole;
+^fug,fug,"flee, run away, escape",逃げる、逃げる、逃げます,Latin,fugitive - a person who is running away; refuge - a sheltered place to flee to; refugee - a person seeking protection
+^funct,funct,"perform, work",、作業を行います,Latin,defunct - no longer working or alive; function - to work or perform a role normally; malfunction - to fail to work correctly.
+^fus,fus,pour,注ぎます,Latin,confusion - being flooded with too much information that is hard to make sense of; fuse - to melt by heating; infuse - to put into.
+^gastro?,gastr/o,stomach,胃,Greek,gastric - pertaining to the stomach; gastronomy - serving the stomach by providing good food; gastritis - inflammation of the stomach.
+^gen[oe]?|^genesis,"gen/o/e, genesis","birth, production, formation, kind",出産、生産、形成、種類,Greek,genealogy - the study of the history of a family; generation - all the people born at approximately the same time; genetic -relating to heredity encoded in the genes.
+^geo,geo,"earth, soil, global",土、土壌、グローバル,Greek,geography - study of the earth's surface; geology - study of the structure of the earth; geoponics - soil based agriculture.
+^ger,ger,old age,老齢,Greek,geriatrics - medicine pertaining to the elderly; gerontocracy - the rule of the elders; gerontology - the science of aging.
+^giga,giga,a billion,10億,Greek,gigabyte - unit of computer storage space; gigahertz - unit of frequency (one billion Hz/sec); gigawatt unit of electric power (one billion watts).
+^gon,gon,angle,角度,LatinGreek,decagon - a polygon with 10 angles; diagonal - a slanting line running across a space; octagon - a geometrical figure with 8 angles.
+^gram,gram,"letter, written",手紙、書かれた,Greek,diagram - a simple drawing; grammar - rules of how to write words in sentences; telegram - a message sent by telegraph.
+^gran,gran,grain,粒,Latin,granary- a storehouse or repository for grain especially after it is threshed or husked; granola- a mixture of rolled oats and other ingredients; granule- a little grain (as of sugar)
+^graphy?,graph/y,"writing, recording, written",書き込み、記録は、書かれた,Greek,Graphology - the study of handwritings; autograph - written with one's own hand; seismograph - a machine noting strength and duration of earthquakes.
+^grat,grat,pleasing,快適,Latin,"gratify - to please someone; grateful - feeling thankful; gratuity - a tip, token of appreciation."
+^gyn[oe]?,gyn/o/e,"woman, female",女性、女性,Greek,gynecology - the science of female reproductive health; gynephobia - fear of women; gynecoid - resembling a woman.
+^gress|^grad[ei]?,"gress, grad/e/i","to step, to go",、ステップする、行く,Latin,"digression - a departure from the main issue, subject, etc.; progress - movement forward or onward; gradual - step by step."
+^hecto?|^hecat,"hect/o, hecat",hundred,百,Greek,"hectoliter - 100 liters; hectare - metric unit equaling 100 ares or 10,000 square meters; hectometer - 100 meters."
+^helico?,helic/o,"spiral, circular",スパイラル、円形,Greek,helicopter - an aircraft with horizontal rotating wing; helix - a spiral form; helicon - a circular tuba.
+^helio?,heli/o,sun,太陽,Greek,heliotropism - movement or growth in relating to the sun; heliograph - apparatus used to send message with the help of sunlight; helianthus - genus of plants including sunflowers.
+^hemi,hemi,"half, partial",半分、部分的,Greek,hemicycle - a semicircular structure; hemisphere - one half of the earth; hemistich - half a line of poetry.
+^hem[oa]?,hem/o/a,blood,血液,LatinGreek,hemorrhage - clotting of the blood; hemorrhoids - swelling of the blood vessels; hemoglobin - red blood particle.
+^hepa,hepa,liver,肝,Latin,hepatitis - inflammation of the liver; hepatoma - a tumor of the liver; hepatotoxic - toxic and damaging to the liver.
+^hepta?,hept/a,seven,セブン,Greek,heptagon - a shape with seven angles and seven sides; Heptateuch - the first seven books of the Old Testament; heptameter - a line of verse consisting of seven metrical feet.
+^herbi,herbi,"grass, plant",草、植物,Latin,"herbicide - any chemical used to kill unwanted plants, etc.; herbivorous - plant-eating; herbal - relating to plants."
+^hetero,hetero,"different, other",その他、異なります,Greek,heterogeneous - made up of unrelated parts; heteronyms - words with same spelling but different meanings; heterodox - not conforming to traditional beliefs.
+^hexa?,hex/a,six,六,Greek,hexagon - a shape with six angles/sides; hexameter - a verse measured in six; hexapod - having six legs.
+^histo,histo,tissue,ティッシュ,Greek,histology - study of the microscopic structure of tissues; histochemistry - study of the chemical constitution of cells and tissues.
+^homo|^homeo,"homo, homeo","like, alike, same",以下のように、同様に、同じ,LatinGreek,"homogeneous - of the same nature or kind; homonym - sounding alike; homeopath - a therapy that is based on treating ""same with same"""
+^hydro?,hydr/o,"liquid, water",液体、水,Greek,hydrate - to add water to; hydrophobia - intense fear of water; hydroponics - growing plants in liquid nutrient solution; hydraulic - operated by force created by a liquid.
+^hygro?,hygr/o,"moisture, humidity",水分、湿度,Greek,hygrometer - tool used to measure humidity; hygrograph - instrument for recording variations in atmospheric humidity.
+^hyper,hyper,"too much, over, excessive, beyond",超えて、オーバー、過度の、あまりにも多くの,LatinGreek,hyperactive - very restless; hypercritical - too critical; hypertension - above normal pressure.
+^hypo?,hyp/o,under,下,Greek,hypoglycemia - an abnormally low level of sugar in the blood; hypothermia - abnormally low body temperature; hypothesis - a theory that is unproven but used under the assumption that it is true.
+^iatro?,iatr/o,medical care,医療,Greek,geriatrics - medical care of the elderly; pediatrician - a doctor who treats children; podiatry - medical care for feet.
+^icono?,icon/o,image,画像,LatinGreek,"icon - an (often religious) image, in modern usage a simplified graphic of high symbolic content; iconology - science of symbols and icons; iconoclast - someone who destroys religious images and traditional beliefs."
+^idio,idio,"peculiar, personal, distinct",明確な、個人的な、独特,Greek,idiomatic - Peculiar to a particular language; idiosyncracy - a physical or mental characteristic typical or a particular person; idiot - someone who is distinctly foolish or stupid.
+^il|^in,"il, in","in, into",中,Latin,"illuminate - to give light to; innovation - a new idea, method, or device; inspection - the act of examining or reviewing."
+^ig|^il|^im|^in|^ir,"ig, il, im, in, ir","not, without",ない、なし,Latin,illegal - not legal; impossible - not possible; inappropriate - not appropriate; irresponsible - not responsible.
+^imag,imag,likeness,似顔絵,Latin,image - a likeness of someone; imaginative - able to think up new ideas or images; imagine - to form a picture or likeness in the mind.
+^infra,infra,"beneath, below",下に、下記の,Latin,infrastructure - underlying framework of a system; infrared - below the regular light spectrum.
+^inter,inter,"between, among, jointly",共同で、間、間,Latin,international - involving two or more countries; intersection - place where roads come together; intercept - to stop or interrupt the course of.
+^intra|^intro,"intra, intro","within, inside",内部に、内,Latin,intrastate - existing in one state; intravenous - inside or into a vein; introvert - shy person who keeps within him/herself.
+^ir,ir,not,ではない,Latin,irredeemable - not redeemable; irreformable - not reformable; irrational - not rational.
+^iso,iso,equal,等しい,,isobar - a line on a map connecting points of equal barometric pressure; isometric - having equality of measure; isothermal - having equal or constant temperature.
+^ject,ject,throw,スロー,Latin,eject - to throw someone/something out; interject - to throw a remark into a discussion; project - to cast or throw something.
+^jud,jud,law,法律,Latin,judgment - a decision of a court of law; judicial - having to do with judges or courts of law; judiciary - a system of courts of law.
+^junct,junct,join,加わる,Latin,conjunction - a word that joins parts of sentences; disjunction - a disconnection; junction - a place where two things join.
+^juven,juven,young,若い,Latin,juvenile - youthful or childish; rejuvenate - to bring back to youthful strength or appearance.
+^kilo,kilo,thousand,千,Greek,"kilobyte - 1,000 bytes; kilometer - 1,000 meter; kilograms - 1,000 grams."
+^kinet?|^mat,"kine/t, mat","motion, division",運動、分裂,Greek,kinetics - study of the force of motion; psychokinesis or telekinesis - the ability to move objects with your mind; cinematography - motion picture making.
+^lab,lab,work,作業,Latin,collaborate - to work with a person; elaborate - to work out the details; laborious - requiring a lot of hard work.
+^lacto?,lact/o,milk,ミルク,Latin,"lactate - to give milk, nurse; lactose - the sugar contained in milk; lactic acid."
+^later,later,side,側,Latin,bilateral - of or involving two sides; unilateral - affecting one side of something.
+^leuko?|^leuco?,"leuk/o, leuc/o","white, colorless",無色、白,Greek,"leukemia - abnormal increase of white blood cells in the blood; leukocyte - a mature white blood cell; leucine - a white, crystalline amino acid."
+^lex,lex,"word, law, reading",単語、法律、読書,Greek,lexicology - the study and history of words; alexia -loss of the ability to read; illegal - not authorized by the official rules or laws.
+^liber,liber,free,自由な,Latin,"liberate - to set free; libertine - a person with a free, wild lifestyle; liberty - freedom."
+^lingu,lingu,"language, tongue",言語、舌,Latin,"linguist - one who studies languages; multilingual - able to communicate in multiple languages; linguine - long, flat ""tongue-shaped"" pasta."
+^lipo?,lip/o,fat,脂肪,Greek,liposuction - the mechanical removal of fat reserves in the tissue; lipase - enzyme that breaks down fat; lipoid - resembling fat.
+^lite|^ite|^litho?,"lite, ite, lith/o","mineral, rock, fossil",ミネラル、岩、化石,Greek,"apatite - a group of common minerals; granite - a hard, granular rock; monolith - a remarkable, unique stone."
+^loc,loc,place,場所,Latin,dislocate - to put something out of its usual place; location - a place; relocate - to move to a new place.
+^logo?,log/o,"word, doctrine, discourse",単語、教義、談話,Greek,"logic - correct reasoning; monologue - a long speech by one speaker;analogy - similarity, especially between things otherwise dissimilar."
+^loqu|^locu,"loqu, locu",speak,話す,Latin,eloquent - speaking beautifully and forcefully ; loquacious - very talkative; elocution - art of public speaking.
+^luc,luc,light,光,Latin,"elucidate - to explain, to throw light on; lucid - easily understood, giving off light; translucent - allowing light through."
+^lud|^lus,"lud, lus",to play,再生、演奏、行うこと,Latin,"prelude - introduction to the major performance; illusion - misleading optical image or impression; delude - to mislead, deceive."
+^lumin,lumin,light,光,Latin,illuminate - to fill with light; lumen - unit measuring light.
+^lun[ai]?,lun/a/i,moon,月,Latin,lunar - relating to the moon; lunarscape - the surface of the moon; lunatic - insane (as if driven mad by the moon).
+^macro,macro,"large, great",大規模な、素晴らしいです,Greek,macroevolution - large scale evolution; macromolecule - a large molecule; macroeconomics - study of the overall forces of economy.
+^magni?,magn/i,"great, large",大規模な、素晴らしいです,Latin,"magnify - make larger; magnificent - grand; magnate - a powerful person, especially in business or industry."
+^male?,mal/e,"bad, ill, wrong",間違った、病気、悪いです,Latin,"malcontent - wrong content; malaria - ""bad air"", infectious disease thought to originate from the ""bad air"" of the swamps, but caused by the bite of an infected mosquito; malicious - showing strong ill will."
+^man[iu]?,man/i/u,hand,ハンド,Latin,maneuver - to move by hand; manual - done with the hands; manuscript - a book written by hand.
+^mand,mand,to order,注文する,Latin,command - an order or instruction; demand - a hard-to-ignore order; mandate - an official order.
+^mania,mania,"madness, insanity, excessive desire",狂気、狂気、過度の欲望,Greek,bibliomania - a crazy love of books; egomania - a mad love of oneself; maniac an insane person.
+^mari?,mar/i,sea,海,Latin,marina - a harbor for pleasure boats; maritime - relating to the sea; submarine - an undersea boat; aquamarine - color of sea water.
+^mater|^matri?,"mater, matr/i",mother,母,Latin,maternal - relating to motherhood; maternity - the state of being a mother; matriarch - a woman head of a household.
+^max,max,greatest,最大,Latin,maximal - the best or greatest possible; maximize - to make as great as possible; maximum - the greatest amount.
+^medi,medi,middle,中間,Latin,medieval - pertaining to the Middle Ages; medium - in the middle; mediocre - only of medium (inferior) quality.
+^mega,mega,"great, large, million",偉大な、大規模な、万人,Greek,megalopolis - an area with many nearby cities; megaphone - a device that projects a loud voice; megastructure - huge building or other structure.
+^melano?,melan/o,black,黒,Greek,"melancholy - a state of dark emotions; melanoma - malignant dark tumor of the skin; melodrama - a dark, pathetic drama."
+^memori?,memor/i,remember,思い出す,Latin,"commemorate - to honor the memory of, as by a ceremony; memorial - related to remembering a person or event; memory: an ability to retain knowledge or an individual's stock of retained knowledge."
+^merge|^mers,"merge, mers","dip, dive",ディップ、ダイビング,Latin,immerge or immerse - to put or dip something into a liquid; submerge to dip something completely into wate.r
+^meso,meso,middle,中間,LatinGreek,Mesoamerica - Middle America; meson - elementary particle with a mass between an electron and a proton.
+^meta,meta,"change, after, beyond, between",間で、超えて、後に、変更,Greek,metaphysics - study of nature and reality; metamorphosis - a complete change of form; metastasis - the transmission of disease to other parts of the body.
+^meter|^metry?,"meter, metr/y",measure,計測,Greek,audiometer- an instrument that measures hearing acuteness; chronometer- an instrument that measures time; metric - measured.
+^micro,micro,"very small, short, minute",非常に小さい、短い分,Greek,microbe - a very small living thing; microchip - a tiny wafer with an integrated circuit; microscope - a device to see very small things.
+^mid,mid,middle,中間,LatinGreek,midriff - the area between the chest and the waist; midterm - middle of a term in school; midway - halfway between.
+^migr,migr,move,動き,Latin,immigrant - a person who moves to a new country to settle; migrant - person who moves from place to place; migration - the process of moving.
+^milli,milli,onethousandth,onethousandth,Latin,millimeter - one thousandth of a meter; millibar - one thousandth of a bar; milliliter - one thousandth of a liter.
+^mini?,min/i,"small, less",以下、小さな,Latin,mini - something that is very small; minuscule - extremely tiny; minutiae - very small or trivial details.
+^miso?,mis/o,"bad, badly, wrong, wrongly, to hate",悪い、悪い、間違った、間違って、嫌いに,Greek,misbehave - to behave badly; misprint - an error in printing; misnomer - an error in naming a person or thing.
+^miss|^mit,"miss, mit","send, let go",手放す、送信,Latin,dismiss - to send someone away; missile - a weapon sent into the air; emit - to send something out; admittance - entry.
+^mob,mob,move,動き,Latin,immobilize - to stop from moving; mobile - able to move freely; mobility - the quality of being able to move.
+^mono?,mon/o,"one, single, alone",1、シングル、一人で,Greek,monochromat - having one color; monologue - a speech spoken by one person; monotheism - belief in one god.
+^mot|^mov,"mot, mov",move,動き,Latin,motion - the act of moving; motivate - to move someone to action; promote to move someone forward; removable - able to be taken or carried away.
+^morpho?,morph/o,form,形,Greek,metamorphosis - complete change of form; endorphins - chemical in the brain able to transform pain; amorphous - without distinct shape or form.
+^mort,mort,death,死,Latin,"immortal - living forever, unable to die; mortal - certain to die; mortician - an undertaker."
+^multi,multi,"many, more than one or two",1または2以上の、多くの,Latin,multicolored - having many colors; multimedia - using a range of media; multitasking - doing many things at once.
+^mut,mut,change,変化する,Latin,immutable - not changing; mutant - an organism that has undergone change; mutate - to undergo a change.
+^myo?,my/o,muscle,筋,Latin,myocardium - the middle muscle of the heart; myasthenia - muscle fatigue or weakness; myosin - common protein in muscle tissue.
+^narr,narr,tell,伝えます,Latin,narrate - to tell a story; narrative - a story; narrator - a person who tells a story.
+^nat,nat,born,うまれた,Latin,"innate - included since birth; natal - relating to birth; natural - gotten at birth, not afterward."
+^nav,nav,ship,船,Latin,circumnavigate - to sail around a place; naval - relating to a navy or warships; navigate - to sail a ship through a place.
+^necro?,necr/o,"dead, death",死んだ死,Greek,necrophil - loving death; necrosis - the death of tissue due to disease or injury; necrology - a list of persons who have recently died.
+^neg,neg,no,いいえ,Latin,"negate - to say it didn't happen; negative - meaning ""no""; renege - to go back on a promise."
+^neo,neo,"new, recent",最近、新しい,,"neoclassic - a revival of classic form, neocolonialism - the indirect (""new"") economical and political control of a region by a more powerful foreign power; neonatal - a newborn child, especially the first few weeks."
+^nephro?,nephr/o,kidney,腎臓,Greek,"nephritis - inflammation of the kidneys; nephrotomy - surgical incision of a kidney; nephron - a single, excretory unit in the kidney."
+^neuro?,neur/o,nerve,神経,Greek,neuralgia - pain along a nerve; neurologist - doctor specializing in the nerves; neurotic - mental disorder that usually does not include an impaired perception of reality.
+^nom(?:in)?,nom/in,name,名,Latin,"misnomer - an error in naming a person or thing; nominal - being something in name only but not in reality; nominate - to name for election or appointment, to designate."
+^non,non,"no, not, without",なし、以外、ではない,Latin,"nondescript - with no special characteristics; nonfiction - true, real, not made-up; nonsense - without sense."
+^not,not,mark,マーク,Latin,notable - marked as worthy of attention; notarize - to certify a signature on a legal document; annotate - to add remarks.
+^noun|^nunc,"noun, nunc",declare,宣言する,Latin,announce - to declare in public; denounce - to proclaim harsh criticism; enunciate - to speak or declare something clearly.
+^nov,nov,new,新しい,Latin,innovate - to introduce a new way; novelty - something new; novice - a person who is new at a job; renovate - to make something like new again.
+^numer,numer,number,数,Latin,enumerate - to name a number of items on a list; numerology - the study of magical uses of numbers; numerous - a large number.
+^ob|^op,"ob, op","in the way, against",方法で、反対,Latin,object - to be against something; obscure - hard to understand; opposition - the act of resistance or action against.
+^oct[ao]?,oct/a/o,eight,8,Greek,octagon - a figure with 8 sides and 8 angles; octogenarian - person in his or her 80s; octopus - sea animal with 8 arms.
+^ocu,ocu,eye,眼,Latin,binoculars - lens device for seeing distances; monocula - relating to one eye; oculist - an eye doctor.
+^od,od,"path, way",パス、道,Greek,"diode - an electron tube having two electrodes, a cathode and an anode; odometer - an instrument attached to a vehicle to measure the distance traversed; triode - an electron tube with an anode, a cathode, and a control grid"
+^odor,odor,"smell, scent",香り、香り,Latin,deodorant - a substance that helps prevent body odor; malodorous - having a terribly bad smell; odoriferous- something that bears or diffuses a scent
+^omni,omni,all,すべて,Latin,omnipotent - with all the power; omniscient - knowing all things; omnivorous eating all foods.
+^op[ts]?,op/t/s,"eye, visual condition, sight",眼、視覚症状、視力,Greek,optic - relating to the eyes; optician - a person who fits eyeglasses; autopsy - the examination of a dead body.
+^opt,opt,best,ベスト,Latin,"optimal - the best, the most desirable; optimize - to make the best of; optimum - the best something could be."
+^ortho,ortho,straight,まっすぐ,Greek,orthodontist - a dentist that straightens teeth; orthopedic - a doctor concerned with the proper alignment of the bones; orthography - the correct way of writing.
+^osteo,osteo,bone,骨,Greek,osteoarthritis - inflammation caused by degeneration of the joints; osteopathy - therapy that uses among others manipulation of the skeleton to restore health; osteology - the study of bones.
+^out,out,"goes beyond, surpasses, exceeds",、超えて上回る、超えます,,"Outgoing - being of lively, sharing nature; outdoing - doing better than; outdoor - outside."
+^over,over,excessive,過大,English,"overconfident - more confident than is appropriate; overstock - more supplies than is desirable; overexcited - ,more excited than one should be."
+^oxi|^oxy,"oxi, oxy",sharp,シャープ,Greek,oxymoron - combining two ideas that sharply contradict each other; oxidize - corrode a surface.
+^paleo?,pale/o,ancient,古代の,Greek,paleontology - study of ancient fossils; paleography - the study of ancient forms of writing; Paleolithic - period of the Stone Age.
+^pan,pan,"all, any, everyone",すべての、任意の、誰も,Greek,panacea - a cure for all diseases or problems; panorama - an all-around view; pantheism - the worship of all gods; pandemic - affecting all.
+^para,para,"beside, beyond, abnormal, assistant",横に、超えた、異常な、アシスタント,Greek,parasite - an organism that lives on and off another living being; parallel - alongside and always an equal distance apart; paragraph - a portion of a writtenn document that presents a distinct idea.
+^para,para,protection from,からの保護,,parachute - protection from falling; parasol - an umbrella used to protect from the sun;
+^pater|^patri?,"pater, patr/i",father,お父さん,LatinGreek,paternal - relating to fathers; paternity - fatherhood; patriarch - a man who rules a group.
+^path,path,"feeling, emotion",気持ち、感情,,antipathy - a feeling of great dislike; apathy - a lack of feeling or interest; empathy - ability to understand another's feelings.
+^ped[ie]?,ped/i/e,"foot, feet",足、足,Latin,pedal - a lever pushed by the foot; pedestrian - one who walks; pedicure - cosmetic treatment of feet and toes.
+^pel,pel,"drive, force",ドライブ、力,Latin,compel - to force someone to act; expel - to drive someone out of a place; repel - to force back.
+^penta?,pent/a,five,五,Greek,"pentagon - shape having 5 angles and 5 sides, pentagram - a five-pointed star formerly used as a symbolic figure in magic; pentathlon - an athletic contest that includes five events."
+^pept|^peps,"pept, peps",digestion,消化,Greek,dyspepsia - abnormal digestion; peptic - aiding digestion; pepsin - a digestive enzyme.
+^per,per,"through, throughout",全体を通じて、,Latin,permanent - lasting throughout all time; permeate - to spread throughout; persist - to continue for a long time; perennial - lasting through many years.
+^peri,peri,"around, enclosing",周りに、囲み,Greek,periodontal - pertaining to bone and tissue around a tooth; peripheral - lying outside of the center; perimeter - the outer boundary of an area.
+^phage?,phag/e,to eat,たべる,Greek,esophagus - muscular tube that carries food to the stomach; anthropophagy or sarcophagy - cannibalism; xylophagous - feeding on wood.
+^philo?,phil/o,"love, friend",愛、友人,Greek,philanthropist - one who loves humanity; philology - the love of words; philosophy - the love of wisdom; bibliophil - loving books.
+^phon[oey]?,phon/o/e/y,sound,音,Greek,"cacophony - loud, unpleasant sounds; microphone - a device that records and amplifies sound; phonetic - relating to human speech sounds."
+^photo?,phot/o,light,光,Greek,photogenic - caused by light; photograph - image made on light-sensitive film; photon - the smallest possible unit of light.
+^phyllo?,phyll/o,leaf,葉,Greek,"chlorophyll - a group of green pigments found in leaves; phyllotaxis - the arrangement of leaves on a stem; phyllite - a rock that forms sheets, similar to slate."
+^phys,phys,"nature, medicine, the body",自然、医学、体,Greek,physical - relating to the body; physician - a doctor; physique - nature and shape of one's body.
+^phyt[oe]?,phyt/o/e,"plant, to grow",成長する植物、,Greek,"epiphyte - a plant growing independently on the surface of another; hydrophyte - a plant that grows only in water; neophyte - a beginner, especially a person recently converted to a new belief."
+^plas[tm]?,plas/t/m,"to form, development, forming cells",型どる、開発する、細胞を形成する,Greek,"protoplasm - something that is the first made or formed, also the living portion of a cell; plastic - able to be formed, especially when warm; plaster - a mixture of lime, sand and water that forms a smooth solid covering for walls."
+^plaud|^plod|^plaus|^plos,"plaud, plod, plaus, plos","approve, clap",拍手、承認,Latin,applaud- to show approval of especially by clapping the hands; explosion- an act of exposing something as invalid or baseless; plausible- worthy of being applauded
+^pneumo?,pneum/o,"breathing, lung, air, spirit",呼吸、肺、空気、精神,Greek,pneumonia - inflammation of the lungs; pneumatic - using the force of air; dyspnea - difficulty breathing.
+^pode?,pod/e,foot,足,Greek,podiatrist - a doctor for the feet; podium - a small platform to stand on; tripod - a stand or frame with 3 legs.
+^poli,poli,city,シティ,Greek,metropolis - a large city; police - people who work for the government to maintain order in a city; politics - actions of a government or political party.
+^poly,poly,"many, more than one",多くの、複数の,Greek,polychrome - with many colors; polyglot - a person fluent in many languages; polygon - shape with 3 or more straight sides.
+^pon,pon,"place, put",場所、置きます,Latin,"opponent - a person who places him/herself against an action, idea, etc.; postpone - to put off doing something."
+^pop,pop,people,人,Latin,popular - appealing to a lot of people; population - all of the people who live in a particular area; populist - a supporter of the rights of people.
+^port,port,carry,キャリー,Latin,export - to carry goods out of a place to another; portable - able to be carried; porter - a person who carries luggage.
+^pos,pos,"place, put",場所、置きます,Latin,deposit - to place or drop something; expose to place out into the open for all to see; position - the place where someone is.
+^post,post,"after, behind",後に、背後,Latin,posthumous - after someone's death; postpone - to delay something; postscript - an addition to an already completed document.
+^pre,pre,"earlier, before, in front of",以前、前に、目の前で,Latin,preamble - a part in front of a formal document; prepare - to get ready in advance; prediction - a statement foretelling the future.
+^pro,pro,"before, in front of, for, forward",前に、のために、目の前で、前方,GreekLatin,prognosis - a prediction of what will happen; prologue - a passage before the main part; prophet - a person who foretells the future.
+^proto?,prot/o,"primitive, first, chief",プリミティブ、まず、チーフ,Greek,prototype - the first of a kind; proton - on of the very basic parts of an atom; protocol - a first draft from which a document is prepared.
+^pseudo?,pseud/o,"wrong,false",間違った、偽,Greek,pseudonym - a fictitious name; pseudoscience - theories presumed without proof of a scientific nature; pseudopregnancy - a false pregnancy.
+^psycho?,psych/o,"mind, mental",心、精神,Greek,psyche - the human spirit or soul; psychic - relating to the human mind or someone who has supernatural mental abilities; psychology - the study of the mind.
+^pugna?|^pung,"pugn/a, pung",to fight,戦いへ,Latin,"pugnacious - having a quarrelsome or aggressive nature; repugnant - distasteful, offensive or revolting; pungent - piercing."
+^pul,pul,urge,衝動,,compulsion - a very strong urge; expulsion - to someone out; impulsive - having a spontaneous urge to do something.
+^purg,purg,clean,クリーン,Latin,purge - remove anything undesirable; purgatory - according to Roman Catholics a place where souls must clean themselves of sin; expurgate - remove objectionable passages from a publication.
+^put,put,think,考えます,Latin,computer - an electronic thinking device; dispute - to disagree with what another person thinks; input - contribution of one's thinking.
+^pyro?,pyr/o,"fire, heat",火、熱,Greek,pyrotechnics - the art of making fireworks; pyrometer - a thermometer for measuring high temperature; pyretic - relating to or producing fever.
+^quad(?:r|ri)?,quad/r/ri,four,四,Latin,quadrant - open space with buildings on 4 sides; quadrennium - period of 4 years; quadruped - a 4-footed animal.
+^quart,quart,fourth,第4,Latin,quarter - one fourth; quart - a fourth of a gallon; quartet - a musical composition or group involving 4 voices or instruments.
+^quint?,quin/t,"five, fifth",5、第五,Latin,"quintett - a composition for 5 voices or instruments; quintessence - pure essence, based on the ancient philosophy that there was a fifth element that was present in all things; quintuple - fivefold."
+^radic|^radix,"radic, radix",root,ルート,Latin,"eradicate - pull out at the roots; radical - fundamental, looking at things from a drastic point of view; radish - an edible root of the mustard family."
+^radio,radio,"radiation, ray",放射線、X線,,radioactive - emitting radiation; radiologist - someone diagnosing or treating via radiation.
+^rami?,ram/i,branch,ブランチ,Latin,ramification - the resulting consequence of a decision; ramify - to spread or branch out; ramus - a branchlike part.
+^re,re,"again, back, backward",再び、背中、後方,Latin,rebound -to spring back again; rewind - to wind something backward; reaction: a response; recognize: to identify someone or something seen before.
+^reg,reg,"guide, rule",ガイド、ルール,Latin,regent - a person who rules on behalf of a king or queen; regime - a government that rules; regulate - to apply a rule.
+^retro,retro,"backward, back",後方に、バック,Latin,retroactive - relating to something in the past; retrogress - to go back to an earlier condition; retrospect - the remembering of past events.
+^rhino?,rhin/o,nose,鼻,Greek,rhinoceros - a species of animals with a big horn on the snout; rhinoplasty - surgery of the nose; rhinovirus - viruses that are causing the common cold.
+^rhodo?,rhod/o,red,赤,Greek,rhododendron - a flower with red/pink flowers; rhodium - an element which produces a red solution; rhodopsin - a purple pigment in the retina that is needed for vision.
+^rid,rid,laugh,笑い,Latin,"deride - to make fun of someone; ridicule - to make fun or mock; ridiculous - silly, causing laughter."
+^rrh(?:ea|oea|ag)?,rrh/ea/oea/ag,"flow, discharge",流れ、放電,LatinGreek,"diarrhea - abnormally excessive bowl movement; hemorrhage - heavy blood flow; catarrh - inflammation of a mucous membrane, especially the nose and throat."
+^rub,rub,red,赤,Latin,ruby - deep red color and a precious stone of the same color; rubella - measles; bilirubin - reddish pigment in bile.
+^rupt,rupt,"break, burst",休憩、バースト,Latin,"bankrupt - unable to pay because you're ""broke""; interrupt - to break into a conversation or event, to disturb; rupture - a break in something."
+^san,san,health,健康,Latin,sane - mentally healthy; sanitary - relating to cleanliness and health; sanitation - maintenance of public health and cleanliness.
+^scend,scend,"climb, go",登る、行く,Latin,ascend - to climb upward; crescendo - a climbing up of the volume of music; descend - to go or climb down.
+^sci,sci,know,知っています,Latin,conscience - sense of knowing right from wrong; conscious - knowing what is happening; omniscient - knowing everything.
+^sclero?,scler/o,hard,ハード,Greek,arteriosclerosis - hardening of the arterial walls; multiple sclerosis - disease which causes the tissue of the brain and spinal cord to harden; sclerometer - instrument for measuring hardness.
+^scop[ey]?,scop/e/y,"see, examine, observe",見る、調べる、観察,Greek,microscope - a device used to see tiny things; periscope - a seeing instrument on a submarine; telescope - a device used to see over a distance.
+^scrib|^script,"scrib, script","write, written",書かれた、書き込み,Latin,inscribe - to write letters or words on a surface; scribe - a person who writes out documents; describe - to represent with words or pictures.
+^se,se,apart,別として,Latin,secede - to formally break away from; seclude - to keep away from; serum - a liquid isolated out of another.
+^sect,sect,cut,カット,Latin,dissect - to cut apart piece by piece; intersection - the place or point where two things cross each other; bisect - to cut into two equal parts.
+^sed|^sid|^sess,"sed, sid, sess",sit,座ります,Latin,reside- be stationed; sediment- the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; session- an actual or constructive sitting of a body
+^self,self,"of, for, or by itself",のために、またはそれ自体で,,self-discipline - the ability to discipline yourself; self-respect - respect for yourself; selfish concerned only with your own interests.
+^semi,semi,"half, partial",半分、部分的,Latin,semiannual - every half year; semicircle - half a circle; semiconscious - partly conscious; semiannual - every half of a year.
+^septi?,sept/i,seven,セブン,Latin,September - this used to be the seventh month in the Roman calendar; septet - a group of seven musicians; septuagenarian - a person in his/her seventies.
+^serv,serv,"save, keep",保存、維持,Latin,conserve - to save or keep something safe; preserve - to save something; reservation - a place kept for a person.
+^sex,sex,six,六,Latin,"sextet or sextette - a composition or group of six, sextuple - sixfold; sexagenarian - person in his/her sixties."
+^sol,sol,alone,一人で,Latin,"desolate - lonely, dismal, gloomy; solitary - done alone, by yourself; solo - a performance done by one person alone."
+^sol,sol,sun,太陽,Latin,solar - involving the sun; parasol - umbrella protecting from the sun; solarium - a room where one is exposed to sun light.
+^somni?,somn/i,sleep,睡眠,Latin,insomnia - inability to fall asleep; somniloquy - talking in your sleep; somnolent - feeling sleepy.
+^son,son,sound,音,Latin,"consonant - a speech sound; sonorous - producing loud, full, rich sounds; supersonic - faster than sound; unison - as one voice."
+^soph,soph,wise,賢い,Greek,philosopher - a wise person; sophisticated - wise about the ways of the world; sophism - a clever but misleading argument.
+^spect?|^spic,"spec/t, spic","see, look",見る、見て,Latin,"circumspect - cautious, looking all around; retrospective - a looking back at past things; spectator - a person who sees an event."
+^sphere,sphere,ball,玉,Greek,biosphere - the whole round surface of the earth; hemisphere - half the earth spherically shaped like a ball.
+^spir,spir,breathe,息をします,Latin,inspire - to stimulate or animate; transpire - to give of vapor with waste product through the skin or a membrane; spirit - invisible life force.
+^sta,sta,stand,スタンド,Latin,"stable - standing steady and firm; stagnant - standing still, not moving; stationary - at a standstill, fixed."
+^stell,stell,star,星,Latin,constellation - a group of stars that forms a pattern; interstellar - between the stars; stellar - relating to stars.
+^struct,struct,build,築きます,Latin,construct - to build; destruction - the act of destroying something that was built; structure - something built; infrastructure - underlying framework of a system.
+^sub,sub,"under, lower than, inferior to",に劣る、より低く、下,Latin,submarine - an underwater boat; submerge - to put underwater; substandard - inferior to accepted standards.
+^sum,sum,highest,最高,Latin,"sum - the combined total of everything; summation - the total, highest amount; summit the highest point or top."
+^super,super,higher in quality or quantity,品質や量が高い,Latin,"Super bowl - the final annual football game; superior - above average, better in quality; supersonic - faster than the speed of sound."
+^sy[mnls]?,sy/m/n/l/s,"together, with, same",一緒に、〜と、同じ,Greek,"symmetry -similarity in size, form or arrangement; synergy - the combined effect; synchronize - to cause to occur at the same time."
+^tact|^tang,"tact, tang",touch,タッチ,Latin,contact - a state in which two things touch; tactile - relating to the sense of touch; tangible - able to be touched; intact - with nothing missing.
+^taxo?,tax/o,arrangement,配置,Greek,syntax - the systematic arrangement of words; taxonomy - the science of classification; ataxia - loss of the ability to coordinate muscle action.
+^techno,techno,"technique, skill",技術、技能,Greek,technology - the practical application of knowledge; technocracy - rule of technology; technologically - characterized by technology.
+^tel[eo]?,tel/e/o,"far, distant, complete",遠く、遠く、完全な,Greek,"telephone - a device to talk to a distant person; telescope - a device to view distant objects; television - a device to receive pictures from afar; telecommuting - working remotely, bridging the distance via virtual devices."
+^temp(?:or)?,temp/or,time,時間,Latin,contemporary- existing at the same time; temporal - relating to time; temporary - lasting for a limited time.
+^ten|^tin|^tent,"ten, tin, tent",hold,ホールド,Latin,"continent- serving to restrain or limit; detention- the act or fact of detaining, tenacious- having parts or elements strongly adhering to each other"
+^ter|^trit,"ter, trit",rub,こする,Latin,"attrition- the act of rubbing together or wearing down; detritus- a product of disintegration or wearing away; trite- used or occurring so often as to have lost interest, freshness, or force"
+^term(?:ina)?,term/ina,"end, limit",終わり、リミット,Latin,determine - to find something out at the end of an investigation; terminate - to end; exterminate - to destroy or get rid of completely.
+^terr[ai]?,terr/a/i,"land, earth",土地、地球,Latin,extraterrestrial - existing outside the earth; terrain - ground or land; territory - an area of land.
+^tetra,tetra,four,四,Latin,tetrapod - having 4 legs; tetrarchy - government by 4 rulers; tetrose - a monosaccharide with four carbon atoms.
+^the,the,put,プット,Greek,bibliotheca- a list or catalog of books; theme- a proposition for discussion or argument; thesis- a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view
+^theo?,the/o,god,神,Greek,"monotheism - belief in one god; polytheism - worshiping more than one god; theology - the study of religion, god, etc."
+^thermo?,therm/o,heat,熱,Greek,thermal - relating to heat; thermos - an insulated jar that keeps heat in; thermostat - a device that controls heat.
+^tort,tort,twist,ねじれ,Latin,contortion - a twisted shape or position; distort - to alter the shape or condition of; retort - reply in a manner that is supposed to change the effect of something previously said.
+^tox,tox,poison,毒,Latin,detoxification - the process of removing poisons; toxic - poisonous; toxicology - the study of poisons; intoxicated - influenced by drugs.
+^tract,tract,"pull, drag",プル、ドラッグ,Latin,attract - to pull objects nearer; distract - to drag attention away from something; tractor - a motor vehicle that pulls things.
+^trans,trans,"across,beyond, through",、越えて、越えて,Latin,transcontinental - across the continent; transfer - to move from one place to another; transport - to carry something across a space.
+^tri,tri,"three, once in every three, third",3に1回、3で、第三,GreekLatin,triangle - a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles; triathlon - an athletic contest with 3 events; tricycle - a 3-wheeI vehicle with pedals.
+^ultra,ultra,"beyond, extreme, more than",超えて、極大、〜よりも,Latin,ultrahigh - extremely high; ultramodern - more modern than anything else; ultrasonic - sound waves beyond human hearing.
+^un,un,"not,opposite of, lacking",ない、反対の、欠けている,Latin,unabridged - not shortened; unfair - opposite of fair; unfriendly - lacking friendliness.
+^uni,uni,"one, single",1、単一,Latin,unicycle - a vehicle with one wheel; unilateral - decided by only one person or nation; unique - the only one of its kind; unison - as one voice.
+^urb,urb,city,シティ,Latin,suburb - residential area on the edge of a city; urban - relating to a city; urbanology - the study of city life.
+^vac,vac,empty,空の,Latin,"evacuate - to empty a dangerous place; vacant - empty, not occupied; vacation - a time without work."
+^vent?,ven/t,come,来ます,Latin,circumvent - to go around or bypass restrictions; convention - a gathering or assembly of people with a common interest; intervene - to come between.
+^veri?,ver/i,truth,真実,Latin,"veracious - truthful, honest; veracity - the truth; verify - to make sure that something is true."
+^verb,verb,word,ワード,Latin,verbalize - to put into words; adverb - a word relating to a verb; proverb - a short saying that expresses a well-known truth.
+^vers|^vert,"vers, vert",turn,順番,Latin,reverse - to turn around; introvert - being turned towards the inside; version - a variation of an original; controversy - a conversation in which positions are turned against each other.
+^vice,vice,"acting in place of, next in rank",次のランクでは、の代わりに演技,Latin,vice-president - the person next in rank to the president
+^vid,vid,see,見る,Latin,evident clearly seen
+^vince|^vic,"vince, vic",conquer,征服します,Latin,convince - to win someone over; invincible - not able to be conquered; victory - the conquest of an enemy.
+^vis|^vid,"vis, vid",see,見る,Latin,vision - the ability to see; envision - to picture in the mind; evident - clearly visible.
+^vivi?|^vit,"viv/i, vit","live, life",生きる,Latin,revival - the act of bringing back to life; vital - pertaining to live; vivacious - high-spirited and full of life.
+^voci?,voc/i,"voice, call",音声電話,Latin,advocate - to speak in favor of; equivocate - to use misleading language that could be interpreted two different ways; vocalize - to produce with your voice.
+^vol[iu]?,vol/i/u,"wish, will",、なりたいです,Latin,"benevolent - showing good will and kindness; volition - the act of making a choice or decision, voluntary - resulting from your own free will."
+^vor|^vour,"vor, vour",eat,食べる,Latin,carnivorous - meat-eating; voracious - desiring or eating food in great quantities; devour - to eat quickly.
+^xanth,xanth,yellow,黄,Latin,xanthium- a genus of coarse and rough or spiny herbs; xanthochromia- yellowish discoloration (as of the skin or cerebrospinal fluid); xanthogenic
+^xeno?,xen/o,foreign,外国の,Greek,xenophobic - afraid of foreigners; xenogenesis - the creation of offspring that is completely different from either parent; xenophile - attracted to foreigners.
+^xer[oi]?,xer/o/i,dry,ドライ,Greek,xerophyte - a plant that grows in dry climate; xerography - a dry photocopying process; xeric - requiring small amounts of moisture.
+^xyl,xyl,wood,木材,Greek,xylocarp; xyloid- resembling wood; xylophone-an organ percussion stop of similar tone quality
+^zoo?,zo/o,animal life,動物の生活,Greek,zoology - study of animals; zooid - resembling an animal; zooplankton - minute floating aquatic animals.
+^zygo?,zyg/o,pair,ペア,Greek,zygote - a cell formed by the union of two gametes and the organism developing from that; zygomorphic - pertaining to organisms that can be divided into symmetrical halves along one axis only.
+^fort,fort,strong,強い,Latin,fortify - to strengthen