robust_excel_ole 1.1.4 → 1.1.5

data/spec/ruby1.8.6_rspec2.14/cell_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), './spec_helper')
+
+include RobustExcelOle
+
+describe Cell do
+
+  before(:all) do
+    excel = Excel.new(:reuse => true)
+    open_books = excel == nil ? 0 : excel.Workbooks.Count
+    puts "*** open books *** : #{open_books}" if open_books > 0
+    Excel.kill_all
+  end
+
+  before do
+    @dir = create_tmpdir
+  end
+
+  after do
+    rm_tmp(@dir)
+  end
+
+  context "open simple.xls" do
+    before do
+      @book = Book.open(@dir + '/workbook.xls', :read_only => true)
+      @sheet = @book.sheet(2)
+      @cell = @sheet[1, 1]
+    end
+
+    after do
+      @book.close
+    end
+
+    describe "#value" do
+      it "get cell's value" do
+        @cell.value.should eq 'simple'
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#value=" do
+      it "change cell data to 'fooooo'" do
+        @cell.value = 'fooooo'
+        @cell.value.should eq 'fooooo'
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#method_missing" do
+      context "unknown method" do
+        it { expect { @cell.hogehogefoo }.to raise_error }
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  context "open merge_cells.xls" do
+    before do
+      @book = Book.open(@dir + '/merge_cells.xls', :read_only => true)
+      @sheet = @book.sheet(1)
+    end
+
+    after do
+      @book.close
+    end
+
+    it "merged cell get same value" do
+      @sheet[1, 1].value.should be_nil
+      @sheet[2, 1].value.should eq 'first merged'
+    end
+
+    it "set merged cell" do
+      @sheet[2, 1].value = "set merge cell"
+      @sheet[2, 1].value.should eq "set merge cell"
+      @sheet[2, 2].value.should eq "set merge cell"
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/ruby1.8.6_rspec2.14/cygwin_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), './spec_helper')
+
+describe "on cygwin",  :if => RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /cygwin/ do
+  describe ".cygpath" do
+    context "cygwin path is '/cygdrive/c/Users'" do
+      context "with '-w' options" do
+        it { RobustExcelOle::Cygwin.cygpath('-w', '/cygdrive/c/Users').should eq 'C:\\Users' }
+      end
+
+      context "with '-wa' options" do
+        it { RobustExcelOle::Cygwin.cygpath('-wa', '/cygdrive/c/Users').should eq 'C:\\Users' }
+      end
+
+      context "with '-ws' options" do
+        it { RobustExcelOle::Cygwin.cygpath('-ws', '/cygdrive/c/Users').should eq 'C:\\Users' }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "windows path is 'C:\\Users'" do
+      context "with '-u option" do
+        it { RobustExcelOle::Cygwin.cygpath('-u', 'C:\\Users').should eq '/cygdrive/c/Users'}
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "cygwin path is './'" do
+      context "with '-u' options" do
+        it { RobustExcelOle::Cygwin.cygpath('-u', './').should eq './' }
+      end
+
+      context "with '-ua' options" do
+        it { RobustExcelOle::Cygwin.cygpath('-ua', './').should eq File.expand_path('./') + '/' }
+      end
+
+      context "with '-us' options" do
+        it { RobustExcelOle::Cygwin.cygpath('-us', './').should eq './' }
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+
+end

data/spec/ruby1.8.6_rspec2.14/excel_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1820 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), './spec_helper')
+
+$VERBOSE = nil
+
+include General
+
+module RobustExcelOle
+
+  describe Excel do
+
+    before(:all) do
+      Excel.kill_all
+      sleep 0.2
+    end
+
+    before do
+      @dir = create_tmpdir
+      @simple_file = @dir + '/workbook.xls'
+      @another_simple_file = @dir + '/another_workbook.xls'
+      @different_file = @dir + '/different_workbook.xls'
+      @invalid_name_file = 'b/workbook.xls'
+      @simple_file1 = @simple_file
+      @different_file1 = @different_file
+    end
+
+    after do
+      Excel.kill_all
+      rm_tmp(@dir)
+    end
+
+    context "Illegal Refrence" do
+
+      before do
+
+        book1 = Book.open(@simple_file1)
+        book2 = Book.open(@simple_file1, :force_excel => :new)
+        a = book1.saved 
+      end
+
+      it "should not cause warning 'Illegal Reference probably recycled'" do
+        Excel.close_all
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "excel creation" do
+      
+      def creation_ok? # :nodoc: #
+        @excel.alive?.should be_true
+        @excel.Visible.should be_false
+        @excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        @excel.Name.should == "Microsoft Excel"
+      end
+
+      it "should access excel.excel" do
+        excel = Excel.new(:reuse => false)
+        excel.excel.should == excel
+        excel.excel.should be_a Excel
+      end
+
+      it "should work with 'new' " do
+        @excel = Excel.new
+        creation_ok?
+      end
+
+      it "should work with 'new' " do
+        @excel = Excel.new(:reuse => false)
+        creation_ok?
+      end
+
+      it "should work with 'reuse' " do
+        excel = Excel.create
+        @excel = Excel.new(:reuse => true)
+        creation_ok?
+        @excel.should === excel
+        @excel = Excel.current
+        creation_ok?
+        @excel.should === excel
+      end
+
+      it "should work with 'create' " do
+        excel = Excel.create
+        @excel = Excel.new(:reuse => false)
+        creation_ok?
+        @excel.should_not == excel
+        @excel = Excel.create
+        creation_ok?
+        @excel.should_not == excel
+      end
+
+      context "lifting an Excel instance given as WIN32Ole object" do
+
+        before do
+          @book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          @excel = @book.excel          
+        end
+
+        it "lifts an Excel instance given as WIN32Ole object" do    
+          win32ole_excel = WIN32OLE.connect(@book.ole_workbook.Fullname).Application
+          excel = Excel.new(win32ole_excel)
+          excel.should be_a Excel
+          excel.should be_alive
+          excel.should === @excel
+        end
+
+        it "lifts an Excel instance given as WIN32Ole object with options" do    
+          @excel.Visible = true
+          @excel.DisplayAlerts = true
+          win32ole_excel = WIN32OLE.connect(@book.ole_workbook.Fullname).Application
+          excel = Excel.new(win32ole_excel)
+          excel.should be_a Excel
+          excel.should be_alive
+          excel.should === @excel
+          excel.Visible.should be_true
+          excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "identity transparence" do
+
+      before do
+        @excel1 = Excel.create
+      end
+
+      it "should create different Excel instances" do
+        excel2 = Excel.create
+        excel2.should_not == @excel1
+        excel2.Hwnd.should_not == @excel1.Hwnd
+      end
+
+      it "should reuse the existing Excel instances" do
+        excel2 = Excel.current
+        excel2.should === @excel1
+        excel2.Hwnd.should == @excel1.Hwnd
+      end
+
+      it "should reuse existing Excel instance with default options for 'new'" do
+        excel2 = Excel.new
+        excel2.should === @excel1
+        excel2.Hwnd.should == @excel1.Hwnd
+      end
+
+      it "should yield the same Excel instances for the same Excel objects" do
+        excel2 = @excel1
+        excel2.Hwnd.should == @excel1.Hwnd
+        excel2.should === @excel1
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "current" do
+
+      it "should connect to the Excel" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel2 = Excel.current
+        excel2.should === excel1
+      end
+
+      it "should create a new Excel if there is no Excel to connect with" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel1.close
+        sleep 0.2
+        excel2 = Excel.current
+        excel1.should_not be_alive
+        excel2.should be_alive
+        Excel.excels_number.should == 1
+      end
+
+      it "should make the Excel instance not alive if the Excel that was connected with was closed" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel2 = Excel.current
+        excel1.close
+        sleep 0.2
+        excel1.should_not be_alive
+        excel2.should_not be_alive
+        sleep 0.2
+        Excel.excels_number.should == 0
+      end
+
+      it "should reuse the first opened Excel instance if not the first opened Excel instance was closed" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel2 = Excel.create
+        excel2.close
+        sleep 0.2
+        excel3 = Excel.current
+        excel3.should === excel1
+      end
+
+      it "should reuse the Excel that was not closed" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel2 = Excel.create
+        excel1.close
+        sleep 0.2
+        excel3 = Excel.current
+        excel3.should === excel2        
+        excel3.Hwnd.should == excel2.Hwnd
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "excels_number" do
+        
+      it "should return right number of excel instances" do
+        Excel.kill_all
+        sleep 0.2
+        n1 = Excel.excels_number
+        e1 = Excel.create
+        Excel.excels_number.should == n1 + 1
+        e2 = Excel.create
+        Excel.excels_number.should == n1 + 2
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "kill Excel processes hard" do
+
+      before do
+        @excel1 = Excel.create
+        @excel2 = Excel.create
+      end
+
+      it "should kill Excel processes" do
+        Excel.kill_all
+        @excel1.alive?.should be_false
+        @excel2.alive?.should be_false
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "recreating Excel instances" do
+
+      context "with a single Excel instance" do
+
+        before do
+          @book1 = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          @excel1 = @book1.excel
+        end
+
+        it "should recreate an Excel instance" do
+          @excel1.close
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+          @excel1.recreate
+          @excel1.should be_a Excel
+          @excel1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.Visible.should be_false
+          @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+          @book1.should_not be_alive
+          @book1.reopen
+          @book1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.close
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive        
+        end
+
+        it "should recreate an Excel instance with old visible and displayalerts values" do
+          @excel1.visible = true
+          @excel1.displayalerts = true
+          @excel1.close
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+          @excel1.recreate
+          @excel1.should be_a Excel
+          @excel1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.Visible.should be_true
+          @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+          @book1.reopen
+          @book1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.close
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+        end
+
+        it "should recreate an Excel instance with new visible and displayalerts values" do
+          @excel1.close
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+          @excel1.recreate(:visible => true, :displayalerts => true)
+          @excel1.should be_a Excel
+          @excel1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.Visible.should be_true
+          @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+          @book1.reopen
+          @book1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.close
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+        end
+
+        it "should recreate an Excel instance and reopen the book" do
+          @excel1.close
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+          @excel1.recreate(:reopen_workbooks => true)
+          @excel1.should be_a Excel
+          @excel1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.Visible.should be_false
+          @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+          @book1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.close
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with several Excel instances" do
+
+        before do
+          @book1 = Book.open(@simple_file)      
+          @book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file, :force_excel => @book1)
+          @book3 = Book.open(@different_file, :force_excel => :new)
+          @excel1 = @book1.excel
+          @excel3 = @book3.excel
+          @excel1.visible = true
+          @excel3.displayalerts = true
+        end
+
+        it "should recreate several Excel instances" do  
+          @excel1.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+          @excel3.close
+          sleep 0.2
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+          @excel3.should_not be_alive
+          @excel1.recreate(:reopen_workbooks => true, :displayalerts => true)
+          @excel1.should be_alive
+          @excel1.should be_a Excel
+          @excel1.Visible.should be_true
+          @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+          @book1.should be_alive
+          @book2.should be_alive
+          @excel3.recreate(:visible => true)
+          @excel3.should be_alive
+          @excel3.should be_a Excel
+          @excel3.Visible.should be_true
+          @excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+          @book3.reopen
+          @book3.should be_alive
+          @book3.excel.should == @excel3
+          @excel1.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+          sleep 0.2
+          @excel1.should_not be_alive
+          @excel3.close
+          sleep 0.2
+          @excel3.should_not be_alive
+        end
+      end    
+    end
+
+    context "close excel instances" do
+      def direct_excel_creation_helper  # :nodoc: #
+        expect { WIN32OLE.connect("Excel.Application") }.to raise_error
+        sleep 0.1
+        ole_excel1 = WIN32OLE.new("Excel.Application")
+        ole_excel1.Workbooks.Add
+        ole_excel2 = WIN32OLE.new("Excel.Application")
+        ole_excel2.Workbooks.Add
+        expect { WIN32OLE.connect("Excel.Application") }.to_not raise_error
+      end
+
+      it "simple file with default" do
+        Excel.kill_all
+        direct_excel_creation_helper
+        sleep 4
+        Excel.kill_all
+        sleep 4
+        expect { WIN32OLE.connect("Excel.Application") }.to raise_error
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "close_all" do
+
+      context "with saved workbooks" do
+
+        it "should do with no Excel instances" do
+          expect{
+            Excel.close_all
+          }.to_not raise_error
+        end
+
+        it "should close one Excel instance" do
+          excel1 = Excel.create
+          result = Excel.close_all
+          sleep 0.2
+          excel1.should_not be_alive
+          result.should == [1,0]
+        end
+
+        it "should close two Excel instances" do
+          excel1 = Excel.create
+          excel2 = Excel.create
+          result = Excel.close_all
+          sleep 0.2
+          excel1.should_not be_alive
+          excel2.should_not be_alive
+          result.should == [2,0]
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with unsaved workbooks" do
+
+        context "with one Excel instance" do
+
+          before do
+            book1 = Book.open(@simple_file1, :visible => true)
+            @excel1 = book1.excel
+            sheet1 = book1.sheet(1)
+            @old_cell_value1 = sheet1[1,1].value
+            sheet1[1,1] = sheet1[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+            book1.Saved.should be_false
+          end
+
+          it "should save the unsaved workbook" do
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :save)
+            sleep 0.2
+            @excel1.should_not be_alive
+            new_book1 = Book.open(@simple_file1)
+            new_sheet1 = new_book1.sheet(1)
+            new_sheet1[1,1].value.should_not == @old_cell_value1
+            new_book1.close
+            result.should == [1,0]
+          end
+
+          it "should forget the unsaved workbook" do
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+            sleep 0.2
+            @excel1.should_not be_alive
+            new_book1 = Book.open(@simple_file1)
+            new_sheet1 = new_book1.sheet(1)
+            new_sheet1[1,1].value.should == @old_cell_value1
+            new_book1.close
+            result.should == [1,0]
+          end
+        end        
+
+        context "with two Excel instances" do
+          
+          before do          
+            book1 = Book.open(@simple_file1, :force_excel => :new)
+            book2 = Book.open(@different_file, :force_excel => :new)          
+            @excel1 = book1.excel
+            @excel2 = book2.excel
+            sheet2 = book2.sheet(1)
+            @old_cell_value2 = sheet2[1,1].value
+            sheet2[1,1] = sheet2[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          end
+
+          it "should close the first Excel without unsaved workbooks and then raise an error" do
+            expect{
+              Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :raise)
+            }.to raise_error(UnsavedWorkbooks, "Excel contains unsaved workbooks")
+            sleep 0.2
+            @excel1.should_not be_alive
+            @excel2.should be_alive
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+            sleep 0.2
+            @excel2.should_not be_alive
+            result.should == [1,0]
+          end
+
+          it "should close the first Excel without unsaved workbooks and then raise an error" do
+            expect{
+              Excel.close_all
+            }.to raise_error(UnsavedWorkbooks, "Excel contains unsaved workbooks")
+            sleep 0.2
+            @excel1.should_not be_alive
+            @excel2.should be_alive
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+            sleep 0.2
+            @excel2.should_not be_alive
+            result.should == [1,0]
+          end
+
+          it "should close the Excel instances with saving the unsaved workbooks" do
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :save)
+            sleep 0.2
+            @excel1.should_not be_alive
+            @excel2.should_not be_alive
+            new_book2 = Book.open(@different_file1)
+            new_sheet2 = new_book2.sheet(1)
+            new_sheet2[1,1].value.should_not == @old_cell_value2
+            new_book2.close
+            result.should == [2,0]
+          end
+
+          it "should close the Excel instances without saving the unsaved workbooks" do          
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+            sleep 0.2
+            @excel1.should_not be_alive
+            @excel2.should_not be_alive
+            new_book2 = Book.open(@different_file1)
+            new_sheet2 = new_book2.sheet(1)
+            new_sheet2[1,1].value.should == @old_cell_value2
+            new_book2.close
+            result.should == [2,0]
+          end       
+
+          it "should raise an error for invalid option" do
+            expect {
+              Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :invalid_option)
+            }.to raise_error(OptionInvalid, ":if_unsaved: invalid option: :invalid_option") 
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "with three Excel instances" do
+
+         before do          
+            @book1 = Book.open(@simple_file1, :force_excel => :new)
+            @book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file, :force_excel => :new) 
+            @book3 = Book.open(@different_file, :force_excel => :new)
+            old_cell_value1 = @book2.sheet(1)[1,1].value                 
+            @book2.sheet(1)[1,1] = old_cell_value1 == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          end
+
+          it "should close the 1st and 3rd Excel instances that have saved workbooks" do  
+            expect{
+              Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :raise)
+            }.to raise_error(UnsavedWorkbooks, "Excel contains unsaved workbooks")
+            sleep 0.2
+            @book1.excel.should_not be_alive
+            @book2.excel.should be_alive
+            @book3.excel.should_not be_alive
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+            @book2.excel.should_not be_alive
+            result.should == [1,0]
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "with unknown Excel instances" do
+
+         before do          
+            @ole_xl = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
+            @book1 = Book.open(@simple_file1, :force_excel => :new)
+            @book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file, :force_excel => :new) 
+            @book3 = Book.open(@different_file, :force_excel => :new)
+            old_cell_value1 = @book2.sheet(1)[1,1].value                 
+            @book2.sheet(1)[1,1] = old_cell_value1 == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          end
+
+          it "should close three Excel instances that have saved workbooks" do  
+            expect{
+              Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :raise)
+            }.to raise_error(UnsavedWorkbooks, "Excel contains unsaved workbooks")
+            sleep 0.2
+            expect{
+              @ole_xl.Name
+            }.to raise_error(WIN32OLERuntimeError)
+            @book1.excel.should_not be_alive
+            @book2.excel.should be_alive
+            @book3.excel.should_not be_alive
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+            @book2.excel.should_not be_alive
+            result.should == [1,0]
+          end
+
+          it "should close all four Excel instances" do  
+            result = Excel.close_all(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+            sleep 0.2
+            expect{
+              @ole_xl.Name
+            }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "failed to get Dispatch Interface")
+            @book1.excel.should_not be_alive
+            @book2.excel.should_not be_alive
+            @book3.excel.should_not be_alive
+            result.should == [4,0]
+          end
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "close" do
+
+      context "with saved workbooks" do
+
+        before do
+          @excel = Excel.create
+          @book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          @excel.should be_alive
+        end
+
+        it "should close the Excel" do
+          @book.should be_alive
+          @excel.close
+          sleep 0.2
+          @excel.should_not be_alive
+          @book.should_not be_alive
+        end
+
+        it "should close the Excel without destroying the others" do
+          excel2 = Excel.create
+          @excel.close
+          sleep 0.2
+          @excel.should_not be_alive
+          excel2.should be_alive
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with unsaved workbooks" do
+
+        before do
+          @excel = Excel.create
+          @book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          sheet = @book.sheet(1)
+          @old_cell_value = sheet[1,1].value
+          sheet[1,1] = sheet[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          @book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file)
+          sheet2 = @book2.sheet(1)
+          @old_cell_value2 = sheet2[1,1].value
+          sheet2[1,1] = sheet2[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          @excel.should be_alive
+          @book.should be_alive
+          @book.saved.should be_false
+          @book2.should be_alive
+          @book2.saved.should be_false
+        end
+
+        it "should raise an error" do
+          expect{
+            @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :raise)
+          }.to raise_error(UnsavedWorkbooks, "Excel contains unsaved workbooks")
+        end        
+
+        it "should raise an error per default" do
+          expect{
+            @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :raise)
+          }.to raise_error(UnsavedWorkbooks, "Excel contains unsaved workbooks")
+        end        
+
+        it "should close the Excel without saving the workbook" do
+          result = @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+          sleep 0.2
+          @excel.should_not be_alive
+          result.should == 1
+          new_book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          new_sheet = new_book.sheet(1)
+          new_sheet[1,1].value.should == @old_cell_value
+          new_book.close          
+        end
+        
+        it "should close the Excel without saving the workbook even with displayalerts true" do
+          @excel.displayalerts = false
+          @excel.should be_alive
+          @excel.displayalerts = true
+          result = @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+          sleep 0.2
+          result.should == 1
+          @excel.should_not be_alive
+          new_book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          new_sheet = new_book.sheet(1)
+          new_sheet[1,1].value.should == @old_cell_value
+          new_book.close          
+        end
+
+        it "should close the Excel with saving the workbook" do
+          @excel.should be_alive
+          result = @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :save)
+          sleep 0.2
+          result.should == 1
+          @excel.should_not be_alive
+          new_book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          new_sheet = new_book.sheet(1)
+          new_sheet[1,1].value.should_not == @old_cell_value
+          new_book.close          
+        end
+
+        it "should raise an error for invalid option" do
+          expect {
+            @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :invalid_option)
+          }.to raise_error(OptionInvalid, ":if_unsaved: invalid option: :invalid_option") 
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with :if_unsaved => :alert" do
+
+        before do
+          @key_sender = IO.popen  'ruby "' + File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '/helpers/key_sender.rb') + '" "Microsoft Excel" '  , "w"
+          @excel = Excel.create(:visible => true)
+          @book = Book.open(@simple_file, :visible => true)
+          sheet = @book.sheet(1)
+          @old_cell_value = sheet[1,1].value
+          sheet[1,1] = sheet[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+        end
+
+        after do
+          @key_sender.close
+        end
+
+        it "should save if user answers 'yes'" do
+          # "Yes" is to the left of "No", which is the  default. --> language independent
+          @excel.should be_alive
+          @key_sender.puts "{enter}" 
+          result = @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :alert)
+          @excel.should_not be_alive
+          result.should == 1
+          new_book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          new_sheet = new_book.sheet(1)
+          new_sheet[1,1].value.should_not == @old_cell_value
+          new_book.close   
+        end
+
+        it "should not save if user answers 'no'" do            
+          @excel.should be_alive
+          @book.should be_alive
+          @book.saved.should be_false
+          @key_sender.puts "{right}{enter}"
+          result = @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :alert)
+          @excel.should_not be_alive
+          result.should == 1
+          @book.should_not be_alive
+          new_book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          new_sheet = new_book.sheet(1)
+          new_sheet[1,1].value.should == @old_cell_value
+          new_book.close     
+        end
+
+        it "should not save if user answers 'cancel'" do
+          # strangely, in the "cancel" case, the question will sometimes be repeated twice            
+          @excel.should be_alive
+          @book.should be_alive
+          @book.saved.should be_false
+          @key_sender.puts "{left}{enter}"
+          @key_sender.puts "{left}{enter}"
+          expect{
+            @excel.close(:if_unsaved => :alert)
+            }.to raise_error(ExcelREOError, "user canceled or runtime error")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "close_workbooks" do
+
+      context "with standard" do
+        
+        before do
+          @book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          sheet = @book.sheet(1)
+          @old_cell_value = sheet[1,1].value
+          sheet[1,1] = sheet[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"          
+          @book3 = Book.open(@different_file, :read_only => true)
+          sheet3 = @book3.sheet(1)
+          sheet3[1,1] = sheet3[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          @excel = @book.excel
+          @book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file, :force_excel => :new)
+        end
+
+        it "should be ok if there are no unsaved workbooks" do
+          expect{
+            @book2.excel.close_workbooks
+          }.to_not raise_error
+        end
+
+        it "should raise error" do
+          expect{
+            @excel.close_workbooks(:if_unsaved => :raise)
+          }.to raise_error(UnsavedWorkbooks, "Excel contains unsaved workbooks")
+        end
+
+        it "should raise error per default" do
+          expect{
+            @excel.close_workbooks
+          }.to raise_error(UnsavedWorkbooks, "Excel contains unsaved workbooks")
+        end
+
+        it "should close the workbook with forgetting the workbook" do
+          @excel.close_workbooks(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+          sleep 0.2
+          @excel.should be_alive
+          @excel.Workbooks.Count.should == 0          
+          new_book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          new_sheet = new_book.sheet(1)
+          new_sheet[1,1].value.should == @old_cell_value
+          new_book.close          
+        end
+
+        it "should close the workbook with saving the workbook" do
+          @excel.close_workbooks(:if_unsaved => :save)
+          sleep 0.2
+          @excel.should be_alive
+          @excel.Workbooks.Count.should == 0          
+          new_book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          new_sheet = new_book.sheet(1)
+          new_sheet[1,1].value.should_not == @old_cell_value
+          new_book.close          
+        end
+
+        it "should raise an error for invalid option" do
+          expect {
+            @excel.close_workbooks(:if_unsaved => :invalid_option)
+          }.to raise_error(OptionInvalid, ":if_unsaved: invalid option: :invalid_option") 
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "retain_saved_workbooks" do
+
+      before do
+        @book1 = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        @book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file)
+        @book3 = Book.open(@different_file)
+        sheet2 = @book2.sheet(1)
+        sheet2[1,1] = sheet2[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+        @book2.Saved.should be_false
+        @excel = Excel.current
+      end
+
+      it "should retain saved workbooks" do
+        @excel.retain_saved_workbooks do
+          sheet1 = @book1.sheet(1)
+          sheet1[1,1] = sheet1[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          @book1.Saved.should be_false
+          sheet3 = @book3.sheet(1)
+          sheet3[1,1] = sheet3[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          @book3.Saved.should be_false
+        end
+        @book1.Saved.should be_true
+        @book2.Saved.should be_false
+        @book3.Saved.should be_true
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "unsaved_workbooks" do
+
+      context "with standard" do
+        
+        before do
+          @book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          sheet = @book.sheet(1)
+          sheet[1,1] = sheet[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"          
+          @book3 = Book.open(@different_file, :read_only => true)
+          sheet3 = @book3.sheet(1)
+          sheet3[1,1] = sheet3[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+          @book.Saved.should be_false
+          @book3.Saved.should be_false
+        end
+
+        it "should list unsaved workbooks" do          
+          excel = @book.excel
+          # unsaved_workbooks yields different WIN32OLE objects than book.workbook
+          uw_names = []
+          excel.unsaved_workbooks.each {|uw| uw_names << uw.Name}
+          uw_names.should == [@book.ole_workbook.Name]
+        end
+
+        it "should yield true, that there are unsaved workbooks" do
+          Excel.contains_unsaved_workbooks?.should be_true
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "unsaved_known_workbooks" do
+
+      it "should return empty list" do
+        Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks.should be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "should return empty list for first Excel instance" do
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks.should == [[]]
+        book.close
+      end
+       
+      it "should return one unsaved book" do
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        sheet = book.sheet(1)
+        sheet[1,1] = sheet[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+        # Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks.should == [[book.ole_workbook]]
+        unsaved_known_wbs = Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks
+        unsaved_known_wbs.size.should == 1
+        unsaved_known_wbs.each do |ole_wb_list|
+          ole_wb_list.size.should == 1
+          ole_wb_list.each do |ole_workbook|
+            ole_workbook.Fullname.tr('\\','/').should == @simple_file  
+          end
+        end
+        book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file)
+        # Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks.should == [[book.ole_workbook]]
+        unsaved_known_wbs = Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks
+        unsaved_known_wbs.size.should == 1
+        unsaved_known_wbs.each do |ole_wb_list|
+          ole_wb_list.size.should == 1
+          ole_wb_list.each do |ole_workbook|
+            ole_workbook.Fullname.tr('\\','/').should == @simple_file  
+          end
+        end        
+        book2.close
+        book.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+      end
+
+      it "should return two unsaved books" do
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        sheet = book.sheet(1)
+        sheet[1,1] = sheet[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+        book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file)
+        sheet2 = book2.sheet(1)
+        sheet2[1,1] = sheet2[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+        #Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks.should == [[book.ole_workbook, book2.ole_workbook]]
+        unsaved_known_wbs = Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks
+        unsaved_known_wbs.size.should == 1
+        unsaved_known_wbs.each do |ole_wb_list|
+          ole_wb_list.size.should == 2
+          ole_workbook1, ole_workbook2 = ole_wb_list
+          ole_workbook1.Fullname.tr('\\','/').should == @simple_file  
+          ole_workbook2.Fullname.tr('\\','/').should == @another_simple_file  
+        end        
+        book2.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+        book.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+      end
+
+      it "should return two unsaved books" do
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        sheet = book.sheet(1)
+        sheet[1,1] = sheet[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+        book2 = Book.open(@another_simple_file, :force_excel => :new)
+        sheet2 = book2.sheet(1)
+        sheet2[1,1] = sheet2[1,1].value == "foo" ? "bar" : "foo"
+        #Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks.should == [[book.ole_workbook], [book2.ole_workbook]]
+        unsaved_known_wbs = Excel.unsaved_known_workbooks
+        unsaved_known_wbs.size.should == 2
+        ole_wb_list1, ole_wb_list2 = unsaved_known_wbs
+        ole_wb_list1.each do |ole_wb_list|
+          ole_wb_list1.size.should == 1
+          ole_wb_list1.each do |ole_workbook|
+            ole_workbook.Fullname.tr('\\','/').should == @simple_file  
+          end
+        end
+        ole_wb_list2.each do |ole_wb_list|
+          ole_wb_list2.size.should == 1
+          ole_wb_list2.each do |ole_workbook|
+            ole_workbook.Fullname.tr('\\','/').should == @another_simple_file  
+          end
+        end
+        book2.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+        book.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    describe "alive" do
+
+      it "should yield alive" do
+        excel = Excel.create
+        excel.alive?.should be_true
+      end
+
+      it "should yield not alive" do
+        excel = Excel.create
+        excel.close
+        excel.alive?.should be_false
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    describe "==" do
+      before do
+        @excel1 = Excel.create
+      end
+
+      it "should be true with two identical excel instances" do
+        excel2 = Excel.current
+        excel2.should == @excel1
+      end
+
+      it "should be false with two different excel instances" do
+        excel2 = Excel.create
+        excel2.should_not == @excel1
+      end
+
+      it "should be false with non-Excel objects" do
+        @excel1.should_not == "hallo"
+        @excel1.should_not == 7
+        @excel1.should_not == nil
+      end
+
+      # Error
+      it "should be false with dead Excel objects" do
+        excel2 = Excel.current
+        sleep 3
+        Excel.close_all
+        sleep 2
+        excel2.should_not == @excel1
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    describe "focus" do
+
+      it "should focus" do
+        excel = Excel.create
+        excel.focus
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    
+
+    context "with Visible and DisplayAlerts, focus" do
+
+      it "should bring Excel in focus" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel2 = Excel.create
+        excel1.focus
+        excel1.Visible.should be_true
+        excel1.visible.should be_true
+      end
+
+      it "should set default values" do
+        excel1 = Excel.new
+        excel1.Visible.should be_false
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel1.visible.should be_false
+        excel1.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+      end
+
+      it "should set visible true" do
+        excel1 = Excel.new(:visible => true)
+        excel1.Visible.should be_true
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel1.visible.should be_true
+        excel1.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+      end
+
+      it "should set visible false" do
+        excel1 = Excel.new(:visible => false)
+        excel1.Visible.should be_false
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel1.visible.should be_false
+        excel1.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+      end
+
+      it "should set displayalerts true" do
+        excel1 = Excel.new(:displayalerts => true)
+        excel1.Visible.should be_false
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel1.visible.should be_false
+        excel1.displayalerts.should be_true
+      end
+
+      it "should set displayalerts false" do
+        excel1 = Excel.new(:displayalerts => false)
+        excel1.Visible.should be_false
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel1.visible.should be_false
+        excel1.displayalerts.should be_false
+      end
+
+      it "should use values of the current Excel when reusing" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel1.Visible.should be_false
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel1.visible.should be_false
+        excel1.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel1.Visible = true
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts = true
+        excel1.Visible.should be_true
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel2 = Excel.new(:reuse => true)
+        excel2.Visible.should be_true
+        excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+      end
+
+      it "should take visible and displayalerts from Visible and DisplayAlerts of the connected Excel" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel2 = Excel.current
+        excel2.Visible.should be_false
+        excel2.visible.should be_false
+        excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel2.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+      end
+
+      it "should take Visible and DisplayAlerts from the connected Excel" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel2 = Excel.current(:visible => true)
+        excel2.Visible.should be_true
+        excel2.visible.should be_true
+        excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel2.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+      end
+
+      it "should set Excel visible and invisible with current" do
+        excel1 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => true)
+        excel1.Visible.should be_true
+        excel1.visible.should be_true
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel1.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel1.visible = false
+        excel1.Visible.should be_false
+        excel1.visible.should be_false
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel1.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel2 = Excel.current(:visible => true)
+        excel2.Visible.should be_true
+        excel2.visible.should be_true
+        excel2.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+      end
+
+      it "should set Excel visible and invisible" do
+        excel = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => true)
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        excel.visible.should be_true
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel.visible = false
+        excel.Visible.should be_false
+        excel.visible.should be_false
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel7 = Excel.current
+        excel7.should === excel
+        excel7.Visible.should be_false
+        excel7.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel1 = Excel.create(:visible => true)
+        excel1.should_not == excel
+        excel1.Visible.should be_true
+        excel1.visible.should be_true
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel1.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel2 = Excel.create(:visible => false)
+        excel2.Visible.should be_false
+        excel2.visible.should be_false
+        excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel2.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel3 = Excel.current
+        excel3.should === excel
+        excel3.Visible.should be_false
+        excel3.visible.should be_false
+        excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel3.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel4 = Excel.current(:visible => true)
+        excel4.should === excel
+        excel4.Visible.should be_true
+        excel4.visible.should be_true
+        excel4.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel4.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+        excel5 = Excel.current(:visible => false)
+        excel5.should === excel
+        excel5.Visible.should be_false
+        excel5.visible.should be_false
+        excel5.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel5.displayalerts.should == :if_visible
+      end
+
+      it "should enable or disable Excel DispayAlerts" do        
+        excel = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :displayalerts => true)
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel.Visible.should be_false
+        excel.visible.should be_false
+        excel6 = Excel.current
+        excel6.should === excel
+        excel6.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel6.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel6.Visible.should be_false
+        excel6.visible.should be_false
+        excel.displayalerts = false
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel.displayalerts.should be_false
+        excel.Visible.should be_false
+        excel.visible.should be_false
+        excel7 = Excel.current
+        excel7.should === excel
+        excel7.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel7.displayalerts.should be_false
+        excel7.Visible.should be_false
+        excel7.visible.should be_false
+        excel1 = Excel.create(:displayalerts => true)
+        excel1.should_not == excel
+        excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel1.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel1.Visible.should be_false
+        excel1.visible.should be_false
+        excel2 = Excel.create(:displayalerts => false)
+        excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel2.displayalerts.should be_false
+        excel2.Visible.should be_false
+        excel2.visible.should be_false
+        excel3 = Excel.current
+        excel3.should === excel
+        excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel3.displayalerts.should be_false
+        excel3.Visible.should be_false
+        excel3.visible.should be_false
+        excel4 = Excel.current(:displayalerts => true)
+        excel4.should === excel
+        excel4.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel4.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel4.Visible.should be_false
+        excel4.visible.should be_false
+        excel5 = Excel.current(:displayalerts => false)
+        excel5.should === excel
+        excel5.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel5.displayalerts.should be_false
+        excel5.Visible.should be_false
+        excel5.visible.should be_false
+      end
+
+      it "should set Excel visible and displayalerts" do        
+        excel = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => true, :displayalerts => true)
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        excel.visible.should be_true
+        excel6 = Excel.current
+        excel6.should === excel
+        excel6.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel6.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel6.Visible.should be_true
+        excel6.visible.should be_true
+        excel.displayalerts = false
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel.displayalerts.should be_false
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        excel.visible.should be_true
+        excel7 = Excel.current
+        excel7.should === excel
+        excel7.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel7.displayalerts.should be_false
+        excel7.Visible.should be_true
+        excel7.visible.should be_true        
+        excel2 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => true, :displayalerts => true)
+        excel2.visible = false
+        excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel2.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel2.Visible.should be_false
+        excel2.visible.should be_false
+        excel3 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => true, :displayalerts => false)
+        excel3.Visible.should be_true
+        excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel3 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => false, :displayalerts => true)
+        excel3.Visible.should be_false
+        excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel3 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => false, :displayalerts => false)
+        excel3.Visible.should be_false
+        excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel4 = Excel.create(:visible => true, :displayalerts => true)
+        excel4.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel4.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel4.Visible.should be_true
+        excel4.visible.should be_true
+        excel5 = Excel.current(:visible => true, :displayalerts => false)
+        excel5.should === excel
+        excel5.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel5.displayalerts.should be_false
+        excel5.Visible.should be_true
+        excel5.visible.should be_true
+        excel6 = Excel.current(:visible => false, :displayalerts => true)
+        excel6.should === excel
+        excel6.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel6.displayalerts.should be_true
+        excel6.Visible.should be_false
+        excel6.visible.should be_false
+      end
+
+      it "should work with displayalerts == if_visible" do
+        excel = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => true, :displayalerts => :if_visible)
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel2 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => false, :displayalerts => :if_visible)
+        excel2.Visible.should be_false
+        excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel3 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :displayalerts => :if_visible)
+        excel3.Visible.should be_false
+        excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        excel3.visible = true
+        excel3.Visible.should be_true
+        excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel3.visible = false
+        excel3.Visible.should be_false
+        excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+      end
+
+      it "should keep visible and displayalerts values when reusing Excel" do
+        excel = Excel.new(:visible => true)
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel2 = Excel.new(:displayalerts => false)
+        excel2.should == excel
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_false        
+      end
+
+      it "should keep displayalerts and visible values when reusing Excel" do
+        excel = Excel.new(:displayalerts => true)
+        excel.Visible.should be_false
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        excel2 = Excel.new(:visible => true)
+        excel2.should == excel
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true        
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    context "with resetting displayalerts values" do
+      before do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new(:displayalerts => true)
+        @excel2 = Excel.new(:displayalerts => false, :reuse => false)
+        @excel3 = Excel.new(:displayalerts => false, :visible => true, :reuse => false)
+      end
+
+      it "should turn off displayalerts" do
+        @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        begin
+          @excel1.with_displayalerts false do
+            @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+            raise TestError, "any_error"
+          end
+        rescue TestError
+          @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        end
+      end
+    
+      it "should turn on displayalerts" do
+        @excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        begin
+          @excel1.with_displayalerts true do
+            @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+            raise TestError, "any_error"
+          end
+        rescue TestError
+          @excel2.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "should set displayalerts to :if_visible" do
+        @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        begin
+          @excel1.with_displayalerts :if_visible do
+            @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+            @excel1.Visible.should be_false
+            raise TestError, "any_error"
+          end
+        rescue TestError
+          @excel1.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "should set displayalerts to :if_visible" do
+        @excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        begin
+          @excel3.with_displayalerts :if_visible do
+            @excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+            @excel3.Visible.should be_true
+            raise TestError, "any_error"
+          end
+        rescue TestError
+          @excel3.DisplayAlerts.should be_false
+        end
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    context "with screen updating" do
+
+      it "should set screen updating" do
+        excel1 = Excel.new
+        excel1.ScreenUpdating.should be_true
+        excel2 = Excel.create(:screenupdating => false)
+        excel2.ScreenUpdating.should be_false
+        excel3 = Excel.new
+        excel3.ScreenUpdating.should be_true
+        excel4 = Excel.new(:screenupdating => false)
+        excel4.ScreenUpdating.should be_false
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    context "with calculation" do
+
+      it "should create and reuse Excel with calculation mode" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create(:calculation => :manual)
+        excel1.calculation.should == :manual
+        excel2 = Excel.create(:calculation => :automatic)
+        excel2.calculation.should == :automatic
+        excel3 = Excel.current
+        excel3.calculation.should == :manual
+        excel4 = Excel.current(:calculation => :automatic)
+        excel4.calculation.should == :automatic
+        excel5 = Excel.new(:reuse => false)
+        excel5.calculation.should == nil
+        excel6 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :calculation => :manual)
+        excel6.calculation.should == :manual
+      end
+
+      it "should do with_calculation mode without workbooks" do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+        old_calculation_mode = @excel1.Calculation
+        old_calculatebeforesave = @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave
+        @excel1.with_calculation(:automatic) do
+          @excel1.Calculation.should == old_calculation_mode
+          @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should == old_calculatebeforesave
+        end
+        @excel1.with_calculation(:manual) do
+          @excel1.Calculation.should == old_calculation_mode
+          @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should == old_calculatebeforesave
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "should set calculation mode without workbooks" do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+        old_calculation_mode = @excel1.Calculation
+        old_calculatebeforesave = @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave
+        @excel1.calculation = :automatic
+        @excel1.calculation.should == :automatic
+        @excel1.Calculation.should == old_calculation_mode 
+        @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should == old_calculatebeforesave
+        @excel1.calculation = :manual
+        @excel1.calculation.should == :manual
+        @excel1.Calculation.should == old_calculation_mode
+        @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should == old_calculatebeforesave
+      end
+
+      it "should do with_calculation with workbook" do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file, :visible => true)
+        old_calculation_mode = @excel1.Calculation
+        @excel1.with_calculation(:manual) do
+          @excel1.calculation.should == :manual
+          @excel1.Calculation.should == -4135
+          @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should be_false
+          book.Saved.should be_true
+        end
+        @excel1.Calculation.should == old_calculation_mode
+        @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should be_false
+        @excel1.with_calculation(:automatic) do
+          @excel1.calculation.should == :automatic
+          @excel1.Calculation.should == -4105
+          @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should be_false
+          book.Saved.should be_false
+        end
+        @excel1.Calculation.should == old_calculation_mode
+        @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should be_false
+      end
+
+      it "should set calculation mode to manual with workbook" do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file, :visible => true)
+        book.Windows(book.Name).Visible = true
+        @excel1.calculation = :manual
+        @excel1.calculation.should == :manual
+        @excel1.Calculation.should == -4135
+        @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should be_false
+        book.Saved.should be_true
+      end
+
+      it "should set calculation mode to automatic with workbook" do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file, :visible => true)
+        @excel1.calculation = :automatic
+        @excel1.calculation.should == :automatic
+        @excel1.Calculation.should == -4105
+        @excel1.CalculateBeforeSave.should be_false
+        book.Saved.should be_false
+      end
+
+      it "should set Calculation without workbooks" do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+        expect{
+          @excel1.Calculation = -4135
+        }.to raise_error(WIN32OLERuntimeError)
+      end
+
+      it "should do Calculation to manual with workbook" do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+        b = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        @excel1.Calculation = -4135
+        @excel1.calculation.should == :manual
+        @excel1.Calculation.should == -4135
+      end
+
+      it "should do Calculation to automatic with workbook" do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+        b = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        @excel1.Calculation = -4105
+        @excel1.calculation.should == :automatic
+        @excel1.Calculation.should == -4105
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    context "method delegation for capitalized methods" do
+      before do
+        @excel1 = Excel.new
+      end
+
+      it "should raise WIN32OLERuntimeError" do
+        expect{ @excel1.NonexistingMethod }.to raise_error(VBAMethodMissingError, /unknown VBA property or method :NonexistingMethod/)
+      end
+
+      it "should raise NoMethodError for uncapitalized methods" do
+        expect{ @excel1.nonexisting_method }.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
+      end
+
+      it "should report that Excel is not alive" do
+        @excel1.close
+        expect{ @excel1.Nonexisting_method }.to raise_error(ObjectNotAlive, "method missing: Excel not alive")
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    describe "for_this_instance" do
+
+      before do
+        @excel = Excel.new(:reuse => false)
+      end
+
+      it "should set options in the Excel instance" do
+        @excel.for_this_instance(:displayalerts => true, :visible => true, :screenupdating => true, :calculaiton => :manual)
+        @excel.DisplayAlerts.should be_true
+        @excel.Visible.should be_true
+        @excel.ScreenUpdating.should be_true
+        book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        @excel.Calculation.should == -4135
+        book.close
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    context "for_all_workbooks" do
+
+      it "should not raise an error for an empty Excel instance" do
+        excel = Excel.create
+        expect{
+          excel.for_all_workbooks(:visible => true, :read_only => true, :check_compatibility => true)
+        }.to_not raise_error
+      end
+
+      it "should set options to true for a workbook" do
+        book1 = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        book1.excel.for_all_workbooks(:visible => true, :read_only => true, :check_compatibility => true)
+        book1.excel.Visible.should be_true
+        book1.Windows(book1.Name).Visible.should be_true
+        book1.visible.should be_true
+        book1.ReadOnly.should be_true
+        book1.CheckCompatibility.should be_true
+      end
+
+      it "should set options for two workbooks" do
+        book1 = Book.open(@simple_file)
+        book2 = Book.open(@different_file)
+        excel = book1.excel
+        excel.for_all_workbooks(:visible => true, :read_only => true, :check_compatibility => true)
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        book1.Windows(book1.Name).Visible.should be_true
+        book1.visible.should be_true
+        book1.ReadOnly.should be_true
+        book1.CheckCompatibility.should be_true
+        book2.Windows(book2.Name).Visible.should be_true
+        book2.visible.should be_true
+        book2.ReadOnly.should be_true
+        book2.CheckCompatibility.should be_true
+        excel.for_all_workbooks(:visible => false, :read_only => false, :check_compatibility => false)
+        excel.Visible.should be_true
+        book1.Windows(book1.Name).Visible.should be_false
+        book1.visible.should be_false
+        book2.Windows(book2.Name).Visible.should be_false
+        book2.visible.should be_false
+        book2.ReadOnly.should be_false
+        book2.CheckCompatibility.should be_false
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    describe "known_excel_instances" do
+
+      it "should return empty list" do
+        Excel.known_excel_instances.should be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "should return list of one Excel process" do
+        excel = Excel.new
+        Excel.known_excel_instances.should == [excel]
+        excel.close
+      end
+
+      it "should return list of two Excel processes" do
+        excel1 = Excel.create
+        excel2 = Excel.create
+        Excel.known_excel_instances.should == [excel1,excel2]
+      end
+
+      it "should return list of two Excel processes" do
+        excel1 = Excel.new
+        excel2 = Excel.current
+        excel3 = Excel.create
+        Excel.known_excel_instances.should == [excel1,excel3]
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    context "with hwnd and hwnd2excel" do
+      
+      before do
+        Excel.kill_all
+        @excel1 = Excel.new(:visible => true)
+        @excel2 = Excel.new(:reuse => false, :visible => false)
+      end
+
+      it "should yield the correct hwnd" do
+        @excel1.Hwnd.should == @excel1.hwnd
+        @excel2.Hwnd.should == @excel2.hwnd
+      end
+
+      it "should provide the same excel instances" do
+        @excel1.should_not == @excel2
+        excel3 = Excel.hwnd2excel(@excel1.hwnd)
+        excel4 = Excel.hwnd2excel(@excel2.hwnd)
+        @excel1.should == excel3
+        @excel2.should == excel4
+        excel3.should_not == excel4
+      end
+
+=begin
+      # does not work yet
+      it "should not say 'probably recycled'" do
+        e1_hwnd = @excel1.hwnd
+        @excel1.close_workbooks
+        weak_xl = WeakRef.new(@excel1.ole_excel)
+        @excel1.Quit
+        @excel1 = nil
+        GC.start
+        sleep 2
+        process_id = Win32API.new("user32", "GetWindowThreadProcessId", ["I","P"], "I")
+        pid_puffer = " " * 32
+        process_id.call(e1_hwnd, pid_puffer)
+        pid = pid_puffer.unpack("L")[0]
+        begin
+          Process.kill("KILL", pid) 
+        rescue 
+          trace "kill_error: #{$!}"
+        end
+        if weak_xl.weakref_alive? then
+           #if WIN32OLE.ole_reference_count(weak_xlapp) > 0
+          begin
+            #weak_xl.ole_free
+          rescue
+            trace "weakref_probl_olefree"
+          end
+        end
+        excel5 = Excel.new(:reuse => false)
+        e1_again = Excel.hwnd2excel(e1_hwnd)
+        e1_again.Hwnd.should == e1_hwnd
+        e1_again.should == nil 
+      end
+=end
+    end
+    
+    describe "generate workbook" do
+
+      context "with standard" do
+        
+        before do
+          @excel1 = Excel.create
+          @file_name = @dir + '/bar.xls'
+        end
+
+        it "should generate a workbook" do
+          workbook = @excel1.generate_workbook(@file_name)
+          workbook.should be_a WIN32OLE
+          workbook.Name.should == File.basename(@file_name)
+          workbook.FullName.should == General::absolute_path(@file_name)
+          workbook.Saved.should be_true
+          workbook.ReadOnly.should be_false
+          workbook.Sheets.Count.should == 3
+          workbooks = @excel1.Workbooks
+          workbooks.Count.should == 1
+        end
+
+        it "should generate the same workbook twice" do
+          workbook = @excel1.generate_workbook(@file_name)
+          workbook.should be_a WIN32OLE
+          workbook.Name.should == File.basename(@file_name)
+          workbook.FullName.should == General::absolute_path(@file_name)
+          workbook.Saved.should be_true
+          workbook.ReadOnly.should be_false
+          workbook.Sheets.Count.should == 3
+          workbooks = @excel1.Workbooks
+          workbooks.Count.should == 1
+          workbook2 = @excel1.generate_workbook(@file_name)
+          workbook2.should be_a WIN32OLE
+          workbooks = @excel1.Workbooks
+          workbooks.Count.should == 2
+        end
+
+        it "should generate a workbook if one is already existing" do
+          book = Book.open(@simple_file)
+          workbook = @excel1.generate_workbook(@file_name)
+          workbook.should be_a WIN32OLE
+          workbook.Name.should == File.basename(@file_name)
+          workbook.FullName.should == General::absolute_path(@file_name)
+          workbook.Saved.should be_true
+          workbook.ReadOnly.should be_false
+          workbook.Sheets.Count.should == 3
+          workbooks = @excel1.Workbooks
+          workbooks.Count.should == 2
+        end
+
+        it "should raise error if filename is with wrong path" do
+          expect{
+            workbook = @excel1.generate_workbook(@invalid_name_file)
+          }.to raise_error(FileNotFound, /could not save workbook with filename/)
+        end
+
+        it "should raise error if filename is nil" do
+          expect{
+            workbook = @excel1.generate_workbook(@nil)
+          }.to raise_error(FileNameNotGiven, "filename is nil")
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "nameval, set_nameval" do
+
+      before do
+        @book1 = Book.open(@dir + '/another_workbook.xls')
+        @book1.Windows(@book1.Name).Visible = true
+        @excel1 = @book1.excel
+      end
+
+      after do
+        @book1.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+      end   
+
+      it "should return value of a defined name" do
+        @excel1.nameval("firstcell").should == "foo"
+        @excel1["firstcell"].should == "foo"
+      end        
+
+      #it "should evaluate a formula" do
+      #  @excel1.nameval("named_formula").should == 4
+      #  @excel1["named_formula"].should == 4
+      #end
+
+      it "should raise an error if name not defined" do
+        expect {
+          @excel1.nameval("foo")
+        }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "foo"/)
+        expect {
+        @excel1["foo"]
+        }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "foo"/)
+        expect {
+          excel2 = Excel.create
+          excel2.nameval("one")
+        }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "one"/)
+        expect {
+          excel3 = Excel.create(:visible => true)
+          excel3["one"]
+        }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "one"/)
+      end
+
+      it "should set a range to a value" do
+        @excel1.nameval("firstcell").should == "foo"
+        @excel1.set_nameval("firstcell","bar")
+        @excel1.nameval("firstcell").should == "bar"
+        @excel1["firstcell"] = "foo"
+        @excel1.nameval("firstcell").should == "foo"
+      end
+
+      it "should raise an error if name cannot be evaluated" do
+        expect{
+          @excel1.set_nameval("foo", 1)
+          }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "foo"/)
+        expect{
+          @excel1["foo"] = 1
+          }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "foo"/)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "rangeval, set_rangeval" do
+      
+      before do
+        @book1 = Book.open(@dir + '/another_workbook.xls')
+        @excel1 = @book1.excel
+      end
+
+      after do
+        @book1.close(:if_unsaved => :forget)
+      end   
+
+      it "should return value of a locally defined name" do
+        @excel1.rangeval("firstcell").should == "foo"          
+      end        
+
+      it "should return value of a defined name" do
+        @excel1.rangeval("new").should == "foo"         
+        @excel1.rangeval("one").should == 1.0    
+        @excel1.rangeval("four").should == [[1,2],[3,4]]
+        @excel1.rangeval("firstrow").should == [[1,2]]
+      end    
+
+      it "should return default value if name not defined and default value is given" do
+        @excel1.rangeval("foo", :default => 2).should == 2
+      end
+
+      it "should raise an error if name not defined for the sheet" do
+        expect {
+          @excel1.rangeval("foo")
+          }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "foo" not in/)
+        expect {
+          @excel1.rangeval("named_formula")
+          }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "named_formula" not in/)
+        expect {
+          excel2 = Excel.create
+          excel2.rangeval("one")
+        }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "one" not in/)
+      end
+    
+      it "should set a range to a value" do
+        @excel1.rangeval("firstcell").should == "foo"
+        @excel1.set_rangeval("firstcell","bar")
+        @excel1.rangeval("firstcell").should == "bar"
+      end
+
+      it "should raise an error if name cannot be evaluated" do
+        expect{
+          @excel1.set_nameval("foo", 1)
+        }.to raise_error(NameNotFound, /name "foo" not in/)
+      end
+
+    end
+
+  end
+end
+
+class TestError < RuntimeError  # :nodoc: #
+end