rj_schema 0.2.4 → 0.2.5

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Files changed (614) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +4 -4
  2. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/CHANGELOG.md +158 -0
  3. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/CMakeLists.txt +226 -0
  4. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/CMakeModules/FindGTestSrc.cmake +30 -0
  5. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/RapidJSON.pc.in +7 -0
  6. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/RapidJSONConfig.cmake.in +25 -0
  7. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/RapidJSONConfigVersion.cmake.in +10 -0
  8. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/appveyor.yml +54 -0
  9. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/data/abcde.txt +1 -0
  10. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/data/glossary.json +22 -0
  11. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/data/menu.json +27 -0
  12. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/data/readme.txt +1 -0
  13. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/data/sample.json +3315 -0
  14. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/data/webapp.json +88 -0
  15. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/data/widget.json +26 -0
  16. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/draft-04/schema +150 -0
  17. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf16be.json +0 -0
  18. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf16bebom.json +0 -0
  19. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf16le.json +0 -0
  20. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf16lebom.json +0 -0
  21. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf32be.json +0 -0
  22. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf32bebom.json +0 -0
  23. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf32le.json +0 -0
  24. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf32lebom.json +0 -0
  25. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf8.json +7 -0
  26. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/encodings/utf8bom.json +7 -0
  27. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail1.json +1 -0
  28. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail10.json +1 -0
  29. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail11.json +1 -0
  30. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail12.json +1 -0
  31. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail13.json +1 -0
  32. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail14.json +1 -0
  33. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail15.json +1 -0
  34. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail16.json +1 -0
  35. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail17.json +1 -0
  36. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail18.json +1 -0
  37. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail19.json +1 -0
  38. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail2.json +1 -0
  39. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail20.json +1 -0
  40. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail21.json +1 -0
  41. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail22.json +1 -0
  42. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail23.json +1 -0
  43. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail24.json +1 -0
  44. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail25.json +1 -0
  45. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail26.json +1 -0
  46. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail27.json +2 -0
  47. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail28.json +2 -0
  48. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail29.json +1 -0
  49. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail3.json +1 -0
  50. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail30.json +1 -0
  51. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail31.json +1 -0
  52. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail32.json +1 -0
  53. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail33.json +1 -0
  54. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail4.json +1 -0
  55. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail5.json +1 -0
  56. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail6.json +1 -0
  57. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail7.json +1 -0
  58. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail8.json +1 -0
  59. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/fail9.json +1 -0
  60. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/pass1.json +58 -0
  61. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/pass2.json +1 -0
  62. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/pass3.json +6 -0
  63. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonchecker/readme.txt +3 -0
  64. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/LICENSE +19 -0
  65. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/README.md +148 -0
  66. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/bin/jsonschema_suite +283 -0
  67. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/remotes/folder/folderInteger.json +3 -0
  68. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/remotes/integer.json +3 -0
  69. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/remotes/subSchemas.json +8 -0
  70. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/additionalItems.json +82 -0
  71. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/additionalProperties.json +88 -0
  72. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/default.json +49 -0
  73. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/dependencies.json +108 -0
  74. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/disallow.json +80 -0
  75. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/divisibleBy.json +60 -0
  76. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/enum.json +71 -0
  77. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/extends.json +94 -0
  78. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/items.json +46 -0
  79. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/maxItems.json +28 -0
  80. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/maxLength.json +33 -0
  81. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/maximum.json +42 -0
  82. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/minItems.json +28 -0
  83. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/minLength.json +33 -0
  84. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/minimum.json +42 -0
  85. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/optional/bignum.json +107 -0
  86. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/optional/format.json +222 -0
  87. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/optional/jsregex.json +18 -0
  88. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/optional/zeroTerminatedFloats.json +15 -0
  89. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/pattern.json +34 -0
  90. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/patternProperties.json +110 -0
  91. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/properties.json +92 -0
  92. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/ref.json +159 -0
  93. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/refRemote.json +74 -0
  94. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/required.json +53 -0
  95. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/type.json +474 -0
  96. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft3/uniqueItems.json +79 -0
  97. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/additionalItems.json +82 -0
  98. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/additionalProperties.json +88 -0
  99. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/allOf.json +112 -0
  100. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/anyOf.json +68 -0
  101. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/default.json +49 -0
  102. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/definitions.json +32 -0
  103. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/dependencies.json +113 -0
  104. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/enum.json +72 -0
  105. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/items.json +46 -0
  106. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/maxItems.json +28 -0
  107. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/maxLength.json +33 -0
  108. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/maxProperties.json +28 -0
  109. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/maximum.json +42 -0
  110. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/minItems.json +28 -0
  111. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/minLength.json +33 -0
  112. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/minProperties.json +28 -0
  113. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/minimum.json +42 -0
  114. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/multipleOf.json +60 -0
  115. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/not.json +96 -0
  116. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/oneOf.json +68 -0
  117. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/optional/bignum.json +107 -0
  118. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/optional/format.json +148 -0
  119. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/optional/zeroTerminatedFloats.json +15 -0
  120. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/pattern.json +34 -0
  121. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/patternProperties.json +110 -0
  122. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/properties.json +92 -0
  123. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/ref.json +159 -0
  124. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/refRemote.json +74 -0
  125. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/required.json +39 -0
  126. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/type.json +330 -0
  127. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tests/draft4/uniqueItems.json +79 -0
  128. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/jsonschema/tox.ini +8 -0
  129. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/types/booleans.json +102 -0
  130. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/types/floats.json +102 -0
  131. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/types/guids.json +102 -0
  132. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/types/integers.json +102 -0
  133. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/types/mixed.json +592 -0
  134. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/types/nulls.json +102 -0
  135. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/types/paragraphs.json +102 -0
  136. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/bin/types/readme.txt +1 -0
  137. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/contrib/natvis/LICENSE +45 -0
  138. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/contrib/natvis/README.md +7 -0
  139. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/contrib/natvis/rapidjson.natvis +38 -0
  140. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/CMakeLists.txt +27 -0
  141. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/Doxyfile.in +2369 -0
  142. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/Doxyfile.zh-cn.in +2369 -0
  143. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/architecture.dot +50 -0
  144. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/architecture.png +0 -0
  145. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/insituparsing.dot +65 -0
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  149. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/makefile +8 -0
  150. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/move1.dot +47 -0
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  152. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/move2.dot +62 -0
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  154. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/move3.dot +60 -0
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  156. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/normalparsing.dot +56 -0
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  158. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/simpledom.dot +54 -0
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  162. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/diagram/utilityclass.dot +73 -0
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  164. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/dom.md +281 -0
  165. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/dom.zh-cn.md +285 -0
  166. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/encoding.md +146 -0
  167. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/encoding.zh-cn.md +152 -0
  168. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/faq.md +289 -0
  169. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/faq.zh-cn.md +290 -0
  170. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/features.md +104 -0
  171. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/features.zh-cn.md +103 -0
  172. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/internals.md +368 -0
  173. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/internals.zh-cn.md +363 -0
  174. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/logo/rapidjson.png +0 -0
  175. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/logo/rapidjson.svg +119 -0
  176. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/misc/DoxygenLayout.xml +194 -0
  177. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/misc/doxygenextra.css +274 -0
  178. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/misc/footer.html +11 -0
  179. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/misc/header.html +24 -0
  180. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/npm.md +31 -0
  181. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/performance.md +26 -0
  182. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/performance.zh-cn.md +26 -0
  183. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/pointer.md +234 -0
  184. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/pointer.zh-cn.md +234 -0
  185. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/sax.md +509 -0
  186. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/sax.zh-cn.md +487 -0
  187. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/schema.md +505 -0
  188. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/schema.zh-cn.md +237 -0
  189. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/stream.md +429 -0
  190. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/stream.zh-cn.md +429 -0
  191. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/tutorial.md +536 -0
  192. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/doc/tutorial.zh-cn.md +535 -0
  193. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/docker/debian/Dockerfile +8 -0
  194. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/CMakeLists.txt +46 -0
  195. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/archiver/archiver.cpp +292 -0
  196. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/archiver/archiver.h +145 -0
  197. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/archiver/archivertest.cpp +287 -0
  198. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/capitalize/capitalize.cpp +67 -0
  199. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/condense/condense.cpp +32 -0
  200. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/filterkey/filterkey.cpp +135 -0
  201. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/filterkeydom/filterkeydom.cpp +170 -0
  202. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/jsonx/jsonx.cpp +207 -0
  203. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/lookaheadparser/lookaheadparser.cpp +350 -0
  204. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/messagereader/messagereader.cpp +105 -0
  205. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/parsebyparts/parsebyparts.cpp +176 -0
  206. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/pretty/pretty.cpp +30 -0
  207. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/prettyauto/prettyauto.cpp +56 -0
  208. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/schemavalidator/schemavalidator.cpp +78 -0
  209. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/serialize/serialize.cpp +173 -0
  210. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/simpledom/simpledom.cpp +29 -0
  211. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/simplepullreader/simplepullreader.cpp +53 -0
  212. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/simplereader/simplereader.cpp +42 -0
  213. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/simplewriter/simplewriter.cpp +36 -0
  214. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/sortkeys/sortkeys.cpp +62 -0
  215. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/example/tutorial/tutorial.cpp +151 -0
  216. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/allocators.h +284 -0
  217. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/cursorstreamwrapper.h +78 -0
  218. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/document.h +2732 -0
  219. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/encodedstream.h +299 -0
  220. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/encodings.h +716 -0
  221. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/error/en.h +74 -0
  222. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/error/error.h +161 -0
  223. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/filereadstream.h +99 -0
  224. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/filewritestream.h +104 -0
  225. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/fwd.h +151 -0
  226. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h +290 -0
  227. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/clzll.h +71 -0
  228. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h +257 -0
  229. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h +245 -0
  230. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h +78 -0
  231. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h +308 -0
  232. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/meta.h +186 -0
  233. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h +55 -0
  234. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/regex.h +739 -0
  235. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/stack.h +232 -0
  236. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h +69 -0
  237. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h +290 -0
  238. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/internal/swap.h +46 -0
  239. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h +128 -0
  240. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h +70 -0
  241. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/memorystream.h +71 -0
  242. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h +316 -0
  243. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h +300 -0
  244. data/ext/rj_schema/rapidjson/include/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h +81 -0
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@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
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+ # 教程
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+
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+ 本教程简介文件对象模型(Document Object Model, DOM)API。
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+
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+ 如 [用法一览](../readme.zh-cn.md#用法一览) 中所示,可以解析一个 JSON 至 DOM,然后就可以轻松查询及修改 DOM,并最终转换回 JSON。
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+
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+ [TOC]
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+
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+ # Value 及 Document {#ValueDocument}
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+
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+ 每个 JSON 值都储存为 `Value` 类,而 `Document` 类则表示整个 DOM,它存储了一个 DOM 树的根 `Value`。RapidJSON 的所有公开类型及函数都在 `rapidjson` 命名空间中。
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+
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+ # 查询 Value {#QueryValue}
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+
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+ 在本节中,我们会使用到 `example/tutorial/tutorial.cpp` 中的代码片段。
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+
17
+ 假设我们用 C 语言的字符串储存一个 JSON(`const char* json`):
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~js
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+ {
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+ "hello": "world",
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+ "t": true ,
22
+ "f": false,
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+ "n": null,
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+ "i": 123,
25
+ "pi": 3.1416,
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+ "a": [1, 2, 3, 4]
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+ }
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
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+ 把它解析至一个 `Document`:
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
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+ #include "rapidjson/document.h"
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+
34
+ using namespace rapidjson;
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+
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+ // ...
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+ Document document;
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+ document.Parse(json);
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
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+ 那么现在该 JSON 就会被解析至 `document` 中,成为一棵 *DOM 树 *:
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+
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+ ![教程中的 DOM](diagram/tutorial.png)
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+
45
+ 自从 RFC 7159 作出更新,合法 JSON 文件的根可以是任何类型的 JSON 值。而在较早的 RFC 4627 中,根值只允许是 Object 或 Array。而在上述例子中,根是一个 Object。
46
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
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+ assert(document.IsObject());
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
50
+ 让我们查询一下根 Object 中有没有 `"hello"` 成员。由于一个 `Value` 可包含不同类型的值,我们可能需要验证它的类型,并使用合适的 API 去获取其值。在此例中,`"hello"` 成员关联到一个 JSON String。
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
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+ assert(document.HasMember("hello"));
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+ assert(document["hello"].IsString());
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+ printf("hello = %s\n", document["hello"].GetString());
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+ world
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
61
+ JSON True/False 值是以 `bool` 表示的。
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
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+ assert(document["t"].IsBool());
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+ printf("t = %s\n", document["t"].GetBool() ? "true" : "false");
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
67
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+ true
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
71
+ JSON Null 值可用 `IsNull()` 查询。
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
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+ printf("n = %s\n", document["n"].IsNull() ? "null" : "?");
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
76
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+ null
78
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
80
+ JSON Number 类型表示所有数值。然而,C++ 需要使用更专门的类型。
81
+
82
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
83
+ assert(document["i"].IsNumber());
84
+
85
+ // 在此情况下,IsUint()/IsInt64()/IsUint64() 也会返回 true
86
+ assert(document["i"].IsInt());
87
+ printf("i = %d\n", document["i"].GetInt());
88
+ // 另一种用法: (int)document["i"]
89
+
90
+ assert(document["pi"].IsNumber());
91
+ assert(document["pi"].IsDouble());
92
+ printf("pi = %g\n", document["pi"].GetDouble());
93
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
94
+
95
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
96
+ i = 123
97
+ pi = 3.1416
98
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
99
+
100
+ JSON Array 包含一些元素。
101
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
102
+ // 使用引用来连续访问,方便之余还更高效。
103
+ const Value& a = document["a"];
104
+ assert(a.IsArray());
105
+ for (SizeType i = 0; i < a.Size(); i++) // 使用 SizeType 而不是 size_t
106
+ printf("a[%d] = %d\n", i, a[i].GetInt());
107
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
108
+
109
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
110
+ a[0] = 1
111
+ a[1] = 2
112
+ a[2] = 3
113
+ a[3] = 4
114
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
115
+
116
+ 注意,RapidJSON 并不自动转换各种 JSON 类型。例如,对一个 String 的 Value 调用 `GetInt()` 是非法的。在调试模式下,它会被断言失败。在发布模式下,其行为是未定义的。
117
+
118
+ 以下将会讨论有关查询各类型的细节。
119
+
120
+ ## 查询 Array {#QueryArray}
121
+
122
+ 缺省情况下,`SizeType` 是 `unsigned` 的 typedef。在多数系统中,Array 最多能存储 2^32-1 个元素。
123
+
124
+ 你可以用整数字面量访问元素,如 `a[0]`、`a[1]`、`a[2]`。
125
+
126
+ Array 与 `std::vector` 相似,除了使用索引,也可使用迭代器来访问所有元素。
127
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
128
+ for (Value::ConstValueIterator itr = a.Begin(); itr != a.End(); ++itr)
129
+ printf("%d ", itr->GetInt());
130
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
131
+
132
+ 还有一些熟悉的查询函数:
133
+ * `SizeType Capacity() const`
134
+ * `bool Empty() const`
135
+
136
+ ### 范围 for 循环 (v1.1.0 中的新功能)
137
+
138
+ 当使用 C++11 功能时,你可使用范围 for 循环去访问 Array 内的所有元素。
139
+
140
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
141
+ for (auto& v : a.GetArray())
142
+ printf("%d ", v.GetInt());
143
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
144
+
145
+ ## 查询 Object {#QueryObject}
146
+
147
+ 和 Array 相似,我们可以用迭代器去访问所有 Object 成员:
148
+
149
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
150
+ static const char* kTypeNames[] =
151
+ { "Null", "False", "True", "Object", "Array", "String", "Number" };
152
+
153
+ for (Value::ConstMemberIterator itr = document.MemberBegin();
154
+ itr != document.MemberEnd(); ++itr)
155
+ {
156
+ printf("Type of member %s is %s\n",
157
+ itr->name.GetString(), kTypeNames[itr->value.GetType()]);
158
+ }
159
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
160
+
161
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
162
+ Type of member hello is String
163
+ Type of member t is True
164
+ Type of member f is False
165
+ Type of member n is Null
166
+ Type of member i is Number
167
+ Type of member pi is Number
168
+ Type of member a is Array
169
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
170
+
171
+ 注意,当 `operator[](const char*)` 找不到成员,它会断言失败。
172
+
173
+ 若我们不确定一个成员是否存在,便需要在调用 `operator[](const char*)` 前先调用 `HasMember()`。然而,这会导致两次查找。更好的做法是调用 `FindMember()`,它能同时检查成员是否存在并返回它的 Value:
174
+
175
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
176
+ Value::ConstMemberIterator itr = document.FindMember("hello");
177
+ if (itr != document.MemberEnd())
178
+ printf("%s\n", itr->value.GetString());
179
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
180
+
181
+ ### 范围 for 循环 (v1.1.0 中的新功能)
182
+
183
+ 当使用 C++11 功能时,你可使用范围 for 循环去访问 Object 内的所有成员。
184
+
185
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
186
+ for (auto& m : document.GetObject())
187
+ printf("Type of member %s is %s\n",
188
+ m.name.GetString(), kTypeNames[m.value.GetType()]);
189
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
190
+
191
+ ## 查询 Number {#QueryNumber}
192
+
193
+ JSON 只提供一种数值类型──Number。数字可以是整数或实数。RFC 4627 规定数字的范围由解析器指定。
194
+
195
+ 由于 C++ 提供多种整数及浮点数类型,DOM 尝试尽量提供最广的范围及良好性能。
196
+
197
+ 当解析一个 Number 时, 它会被存储在 DOM 之中,成为下列其中一个类型:
198
+
199
+ 类型 | 描述
200
+ -----------|---------------------------------------
201
+ `unsigned` | 32 位无号整数
202
+ `int` | 32 位有号整数
203
+ `uint64_t` | 64 位无号整数
204
+ `int64_t` | 64 位有号整数
205
+ `double` | 64 位双精度浮点数
206
+
207
+ 当查询一个 Number 时, 你可以检查该数字是否能以目标类型来提取:
208
+
209
+ 查检 | 提取
210
+ ------------------|---------------------
211
+ `bool IsNumber()` | 不适用
212
+ `bool IsUint()` | `unsigned GetUint()`
213
+ `bool IsInt()` | `int GetInt()`
214
+ `bool IsUint64()` | `uint64_t GetUint64()`
215
+ `bool IsInt64()` | `int64_t GetInt64()`
216
+ `bool IsDouble()` | `double GetDouble()`
217
+
218
+ 注意,一个整数可能用几种类型来提取,而无需转换。例如,一个名为 `x` 的 Value 包含 123,那么 `x.IsInt() == x.IsUint() == x.IsInt64() == x.IsUint64() == true`。但如果一个名为 `y` 的 Value 包含 -3000000000,那么仅会令 `x.IsInt64() == true`。
219
+
220
+ 当要提取 Number 类型,`GetDouble()` 是会把内部整数的表示转换成 `double`。注意 `int` 和 `unsigned` 可以安全地转换至 `double`,但 `int64_t` 及 `uint64_t` 可能会丧失精度(因为 `double` 的尾数只有 52 位)。
221
+
222
+ ## 查询 String {#QueryString}
223
+
224
+ 除了 `GetString()`,`Value` 类也有一个 `GetStringLength()`。这里会解释个中原因。
225
+
226
+ 根据 RFC 4627,JSON String 可包含 Unicode 字符 `U+0000`,在 JSON 中会表示为 `"\u0000"`。问题是,C/C++ 通常使用空字符结尾字符串(null-terminated string),这种字符串把 ``\0'` 作为结束符号。
227
+
228
+ 为了符合 RFC 4627,RapidJSON 支持包含 `U+0000` 的 String。若你需要处理这些 String,便可使用 `GetStringLength()` 去获得正确的字符串长度。
229
+
230
+ 例如,当解析以下的 JSON 至 `Document d` 之后:
231
+
232
+ ~~~~~~~~~~js
233
+ { "s" : "a\u0000b" }
234
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
235
+ `"a\u0000b"` 值的正确长度应该是 3。但 `strlen()` 会返回 1。
236
+
237
+ `GetStringLength()` 也可以提高性能,因为用户可能需要调用 `strlen()` 去分配缓冲。
238
+
239
+ 此外,`std::string` 也支持这个构造函数:
240
+
241
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
242
+ string(const char* s, size_t count);
243
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
244
+
245
+ 此构造函数接受字符串长度作为参数。它支持在字符串中存储空字符,也应该会有更好的性能。
246
+
247
+ ## 比较两个 Value
248
+
249
+ 你可使用 `==` 及 `!=` 去比较两个 Value。当且仅当两个 Value 的类型及内容相同,它们才当作相等。你也可以比较 Value 和它的原生类型值。以下是一个例子。
250
+
251
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
252
+ if (document["hello"] == document["n"]) /*...*/; // 比较两个值
253
+ if (document["hello"] == "world") /*...*/; // 与字符串字面量作比较
254
+ if (document["i"] != 123) /*...*/; // 与整数作比较
255
+ if (document["pi"] != 3.14) /*...*/; // 与 double 作比较
256
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
257
+
258
+ Array/Object 顺序以它们的元素/成员作比较。当且仅当它们的整个子树相等,它们才当作相等。
259
+
260
+ 注意,现时若一个 Object 含有重复命名的成员,它与任何 Object 作比较都总会返回 `false`。
261
+
262
+ # 创建/修改值 {#CreateModifyValues}
263
+
264
+ 有多种方法去创建值。 当一个 DOM 树被创建或修改后,可使用 `Writer` 再次存储为 JSON。
265
+
266
+ ## 改变 Value 类型 {#ChangeValueType}
267
+ 当使用默认构造函数创建一个 Value 或 Document,它的类型便会是 Null。要改变其类型,需调用 `SetXXX()` 或赋值操作,例如:
268
+
269
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
270
+ Document d; // Null
271
+ d.SetObject();
272
+
273
+ Value v; // Null
274
+ v.SetInt(10);
275
+ v = 10; // 简写,和上面的相同
276
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
277
+
278
+ ### 构造函数的各个重载
279
+ 几个类型也有重载构造函数:
280
+
281
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
282
+ Value b(true); // 调用 Value(bool)
283
+ Value i(-123); // 调用 Value(int)
284
+ Value u(123u); // 调用 Value(unsigned)
285
+ Value d(1.5); // 调用 Value(double)
286
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
287
+
288
+ 要重建空 Object 或 Array,可在默认构造函数后使用 `SetObject()`/`SetArray()`,或一次性使用 `Value(Type)`:
289
+
290
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
291
+ Value o(kObjectType);
292
+ Value a(kArrayType);
293
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
294
+
295
+ ## 转移语义(Move Semantics) {#MoveSemantics}
296
+
297
+ 在设计 RapidJSON 时有一个非常特别的决定,就是 Value 赋值并不是把来源 Value 复制至目的 Value,而是把来源 Value 转移(move)至目的 Value。例如:
298
+
299
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
300
+ Value a(123);
301
+ Value b(456);
302
+ b = a; // a 变成 Null,b 变成数字 123。
303
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
304
+
305
+ ![使用移动语义赋值。](diagram/move1.png)
306
+
307
+ 为什么?此语义有何优点?
308
+
309
+ 最简单的答案就是性能。对于固定大小的 JSON 类型(Number、True、False、Null),复制它们是简单快捷。然而,对于可变大小的 JSON 类型(String、Array、Object),复制它们会产生大量开销,而且这些开销常常不被察觉。尤其是当我们需要创建临时 Object,把它复制至另一变量,然后再析构它。
310
+
311
+ 例如,若使用正常 * 复制 * 语义:
312
+
313
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
314
+ Value o(kObjectType);
315
+ {
316
+ Value contacts(kArrayType);
317
+ // 把元素加进 contacts 数组。
318
+ // ...
319
+ o.AddMember("contacts", contacts, d.GetAllocator()); // 深度复制 contacts (可能有大量内存分配)
320
+ // 析构 contacts。
321
+ }
322
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
323
+
324
+ ![复制语义产生大量的复制操作。](diagram/move2.png)
325
+
326
+ 那个 `o` Object 需要分配一个和 contacts 相同大小的缓冲区,对 conacts 做深度复制,并最终要析构 contacts。这样会产生大量无必要的内存分配/释放,以及内存复制。
327
+
328
+ 有一些方案可避免实质地复制这些数据,例如引用计数(reference counting)、垃圾回收(garbage collection, GC)。
329
+
330
+ 为了使 RapidJSON 简单及快速,我们选择了对赋值采用 * 转移 * 语义。这方法与 `std::auto_ptr` 相似,都是在赋值时转移拥有权。转移快得多简单得多,只需要析构原来的 Value,把来源 `memcpy()` 至目标,最后把来源设置为 Null 类型。
331
+
332
+ 因此,使用转移语义后,上面的例子变成:
333
+
334
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
335
+ Value o(kObjectType);
336
+ {
337
+ Value contacts(kArrayType);
338
+ // adding elements to contacts array.
339
+ o.AddMember("contacts", contacts, d.GetAllocator()); // 只需 memcpy() contacts 本身至新成员的 Value(16 字节)
340
+ // contacts 在这里变成 Null。它的析构是平凡的。
341
+ }
342
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
343
+
344
+ ![转移语义不需复制。](diagram/move3.png)
345
+
346
+ 在 C++11 中这称为转移赋值操作(move assignment operator)。由于 RapidJSON 支持 C++03,它在赋值操作采用转移语义,其它修改型函数如 `AddMember()`, `PushBack()` 也采用转移语义。
347
+
348
+ ### 转移语义及临时值 {#TemporaryValues}
349
+
350
+ 有时候,我们想直接构造一个 Value 并传递给一个“转移”函数(如 `PushBack()`、`AddMember()`)。由于临时对象是不能转换为正常的 Value 引用,我们加入了一个方便的 `Move()` 函数:
351
+
352
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
353
+ Value a(kArrayType);
354
+ Document::AllocatorType& allocator = document.GetAllocator();
355
+ // a.PushBack(Value(42), allocator); // 不能通过编译
356
+ a.PushBack(Value().SetInt(42), allocator); // fluent API
357
+ a.PushBack(Value(42).Move(), allocator); // 和上一行相同
358
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
359
+
360
+ ## 创建 String {#CreateString}
361
+ RapidJSON 提供两个 String 的存储策略。
362
+
363
+ 1. copy-string: 分配缓冲区,然后把来源数据复制至它。
364
+ 2. const-string: 简单地储存字符串的指针。
365
+
366
+ Copy-string 总是安全的,因为它拥有数据的克隆。Const-string 可用于存储字符串字面量,以及用于在 DOM 一节中将会提到的 in-situ 解析中。
367
+
368
+ 为了让用户自定义内存分配方式,当一个操作可能需要内存分配时,RapidJSON 要求用户传递一个 allocator 实例作为 API 参数。此设计避免了在每个 Value 存储 allocator(或 document)的指针。
369
+
370
+ 因此,当我们把一个 copy-string 赋值时, 调用含有 allocator 的 `SetString()` 重载函数:
371
+
372
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
373
+ Document document;
374
+ Value author;
375
+ char buffer[10];
376
+ int len = sprintf(buffer, "%s %s", "Milo", "Yip"); // 动态创建的字符串。
377
+ author.SetString(buffer, len, document.GetAllocator());
378
+ memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
379
+ // 清空 buffer 后 author.GetString() 仍然包含 "Milo Yip"
380
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
381
+
382
+ 在此例子中,我们使用 `Document` 实例的 allocator。这是使用 RapidJSON 时常用的惯用法。但你也可以用其他 allocator 实例。
383
+
384
+ 另外,上面的 `SetString()` 需要长度参数。这个 API 能处理含有空字符的字符串。另一个 `SetString()` 重载函数没有长度参数,它假设输入是空字符结尾的,并会调用类似 `strlen()` 的函数去获取长度。
385
+
386
+ 最后,对于字符串字面量或有安全生命周期的字符串,可以使用 const-string 版本的 `SetString()`,它没有
387
+ allocator 参数。对于字符串字面量(或字符数组常量),只需简单地传递字面量,又安全又高效:
388
+
389
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
390
+ Value s;
391
+ s.SetString("rapidjson"); // 可包含空字符,长度在编译期推导
392
+ s = "rapidjson"; // 上行的缩写
393
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
394
+
395
+ 对于字符指针,RapidJSON 需要作一个标记,代表它不复制也是安全的。可以使用 `StringRef` 函数:
396
+
397
+ ~~~~~~~~~cpp
398
+ const char * cstr = getenv("USER");
399
+ size_t cstr_len = ...; // 如果有长度
400
+ Value s;
401
+ // s.SetString(cstr); // 这不能通过编译
402
+ s.SetString(StringRef(cstr)); // 可以,假设它的生命周期安全,并且是以空字符结尾的
403
+ s = StringRef(cstr); // 上行的缩写
404
+ s.SetString(StringRef(cstr, cstr_len));// 更快,可处理空字符
405
+ s = StringRef(cstr, cstr_len); // 上行的缩写
406
+
407
+ ~~~~~~~~~
408
+
409
+ ## 修改 Array {#ModifyArray}
410
+ Array 类型的 Value 提供与 `std::vector` 相似的 API。
411
+
412
+ * `Clear()`
413
+ * `Reserve(SizeType, Allocator&)`
414
+ * `Value& PushBack(Value&, Allocator&)`
415
+ * `template <typename T> GenericValue& PushBack(T, Allocator&)`
416
+ * `Value& PopBack()`
417
+ * `ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos)`
418
+ * `ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last)`
419
+
420
+ 注意,`Reserve(...)` 及 `PushBack(...)` 可能会为数组元素分配内存,所以需要一个 allocator。
421
+
422
+ 以下是 `PushBack()` 的例子:
423
+
424
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
425
+ Value a(kArrayType);
426
+ Document::AllocatorType& allocator = document.GetAllocator();
427
+
428
+ for (int i = 5; i <= 10; i++)
429
+ a.PushBack(i, allocator); // 可能需要调用 realloc() 所以需要 allocator
430
+
431
+ // 流畅接口(Fluent interface)
432
+ a.PushBack("Lua", allocator).PushBack("Mio", allocator);
433
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
434
+
435
+ 与 STL 不一样的是,`PushBack()`/`PopBack()` 返回 Array 本身的引用。这称为流畅接口(_fluent interface_)。
436
+
437
+ 如果你想在 Array 中加入一个非常量字符串,或是一个没有足够生命周期的字符串(见 [Create String](#CreateString)),你需要使用 copy-string API 去创建一个 String。为了避免加入中间变量,可以就地使用一个 [临时值](#TemporaryValues):
438
+
439
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
440
+ // 就地 Value 参数
441
+ contact.PushBack(Value("copy", document.GetAllocator()).Move(), // copy string
442
+ document.GetAllocator());
443
+
444
+ // 显式 Value 参数
445
+ Value val("key", document.GetAllocator()); // copy string
446
+ contact.PushBack(val, document.GetAllocator());
447
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
448
+
449
+ ## 修改 Object {#ModifyObject}
450
+ Object 是键值对的集合。每个键必须为 String。要修改 Object,方法是增加或移除成员。以下的 API 用来增加成员:
451
+
452
+ * `Value& AddMember(Value&, Value&, Allocator& allocator)`
453
+ * `Value& AddMember(StringRefType, Value&, Allocator&)`
454
+ * `template <typename T> Value& AddMember(StringRefType, T value, Allocator&)`
455
+
456
+ 以下是一个例子。
457
+
458
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
459
+ Value contact(kObject);
460
+ contact.AddMember("name", "Milo", document.GetAllocator());
461
+ contact.AddMember("married", true, document.GetAllocator());
462
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
463
+
464
+ 使用 `StringRefType` 作为 name 参数的重载版本与字符串的 `SetString` 的接口相似。 这些重载是为了避免复制 `name` 字符串,因为 JSON object 中经常会使用常数键名。
465
+
466
+ 如果你需要从非常数字符串或生命周期不足的字符串创建键名(见 [创建 String](#CreateString)),你需要使用 copy-string API。为了避免中间变量,可以就地使用 [临时值](#TemporaryValues):
467
+
468
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
469
+ // 就地 Value 参数
470
+ contact.AddMember(Value("copy", document.GetAllocator()).Move(), // copy string
471
+ Value().Move(), // null value
472
+ document.GetAllocator());
473
+
474
+ // 显式参数
475
+ Value key("key", document.GetAllocator()); // copy string name
476
+ Value val(42); // 某 Value
477
+ contact.AddMember(key, val, document.GetAllocator());
478
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
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+
480
+ 移除成员有几个选择:
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+
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+ * `bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name)`:使用键名来移除成员(线性时间复杂度)。
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+ * `bool RemoveMember(const Value& name)`:除了 `name` 是一个 Value,和上一行相同。
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+ * `MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator)`:使用迭代器移除成员(_ 常数 _ 时间复杂度)。
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+ * `MemberIterator EraseMember(MemberIterator)`:和上行相似但维持成员次序(线性时间复杂度)。
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+ * `MemberIterator EraseMember(MemberIterator first, MemberIterator last)`:移除一个范围内的成员,维持次序(线性时间复杂度)。
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+
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+ `MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator)` 使用了“转移最后”手法来达成常数时间复杂度。基本上就是析构迭代器位置的成员,然后把最后的成员转移至迭代器位置。因此,成员的次序会被改变。
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+
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+ ## 深复制 Value {#DeepCopyValue}
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+ 若我们真的要复制一个 DOM 树,我们可使用两个 APIs 作深复制:含 allocator 的构造函数及 `CopyFrom()`。
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+
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+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
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+ Document d;
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+ Document::AllocatorType& a = d.GetAllocator();
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+ Value v1("foo");
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+ // Value v2(v1); // 不容许
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+
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+ Value v2(v1, a); // 制造一个克隆
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+ assert(v1.IsString()); // v1 不变
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+ d.SetArray().PushBack(v1, a).PushBack(v2, a);
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+ assert(v1.IsNull() && v2.IsNull()); // 两个都转移动 d
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+
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+ v2.CopyFrom(d, a); // 把整个 document 复制至 v2
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+ assert(d.IsArray() && d.Size() == 2); // d 不变
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+ v1.SetObject().AddMember("array", v2, a);
507
+ d.PushBack(v1, a);
508
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
509
+
510
+ ## 交换 Value {#SwapValues}
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+
512
+ RapidJSON 也提供 `Swap()`。
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+
514
+ ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
515
+ Value a(123);
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+ Value b("Hello");
517
+ a.Swap(b);
518
+ assert(a.IsString());
519
+ assert(b.IsInt());
520
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
521
+
522
+ 无论两棵 DOM 树有多复杂,交换是很快的(常数时间)。
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+
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+ # 下一部分 {#WhatsNext}
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+
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+ 本教程展示了如何询查及修改 DOM 树。RapidJSON 还有一个重要概念:
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+
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+ 1. [流](doc/stream.zh-cn.md) 是读写 JSON 的通道。流可以是内存字符串、文件流等。用户也可以自定义流。
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+ 2. [编码](doc/encoding.zh-cn.md) 定义在流或内存中使用的字符编码。RapidJSON 也在内部提供 Unicode 转换及校验功能。
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+ 3. [DOM](doc/dom.zh-cn.md) 的基本功能已在本教程里介绍。还有更高级的功能,如原位(*in situ*)解析、其他解析选项及高级用法。
531
+ 4. [SAX](doc/sax.zh-cn.md) 是 RapidJSON 解析/生成功能的基础。学习使用 `Reader`/`Writer` 去实现更高性能的应用程序。也可以使用 `PrettyWriter` 去格式化 JSON。
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+ 5. [性能](doc/performance.zh-cn.md) 展示一些我们做的及第三方的性能测试。
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+ 6. [技术内幕](doc/internals.md) 讲述一些 RapidJSON 内部的设计及技术。
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+
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+ 你也可以参考 [常见问题](doc/faq.zh-cn.md)、API 文档、例子及单元测试。