ritex 0.1 → 0.2

data/test/mathml.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ## test/mathml.rb -- contains Ritex::Test::MathML
 ## Author::    William Morgan (mailto: wmorgan-ritex@masanjin.net)
-## Copyright:: Copyright 2005 William Morgan
+## Copyright:: Copyright 2005--2009 William Morgan
 ## License::   GNU GPL version 2
 
 require 'test/unit'
@@ -10,85 +10,74 @@ require 'ritex'
 module Ritex
 
 ## Module for all Ritex unit tests.
-## 
-## Currently contains only one set of tests: Ritex::Test::MathML.
 module Test
 
-## Ritex unit tests for itex->MathML conversion.
-##
-## = Preface
-##
-## Let me take a moment to express how much I love unit tests. Before
-## Ruby, I never thought they'd be a practical part of any real
-## development. But Test::Unit has made me a convert. Developing the
-## tests at the same time as writing the code has forced me to think
-## deeply about how the program functions. Having this test suite
-## around to vett every change I make has been invaluable. And best of
-## all: it's just so easy to do.
-##
-## = The test suite
-##
-## Ritex mathml output is based on itex2mml, so the mathml tests are
-## designed to ultimately look there for the correct answer. But
-## there's a level of caching in between, which a) helps people who
-## don't have itex2mml and b) allows us to "correct" itex2mml.
+## Ritex unit tests for WebTeX->MathML conversion.
 ##
 ## Tests are run with a simple call to #cmp, e.g.:
-##
 ##   cmp '\int_{x=0}^1 \alpha(x)' 
 ##
-## The test framework first looks for the corresponding answer in the
-## key file (KEY below). If it doesn't exist, the itex2mml binary is
-## called (BIN below) to parse the string.
-##
-## = Adding new tests
-##
-## To add a new test, you need to either insert the correct mathml in
-## the key file, or compile itex2mml and have it generate the mathml
-## for you. Of course, if itex2mml doesn't do the correct thing,
-## you'll then have to go to the key file and edit the answer
-## accordingly. See the README for a list of differences between Ritex
-## mathml output and itex2mml.
+## Test answers are loaded from the KEY file.
 ##
-## Itex2mml can be found at:
-## http://pear.math.pitt.edu/mathzilla/itex2mml.html
+## If an answer is not in the KEY file (e.g. you've just added a test, this
+## package will attempt to call the BIN program below to find the "correct"
+## answer. This answer will be placed in the KEY file, which you can then edit
+## as necessary.
 class MathML < ::Test::Unit::TestCase
-  KEY = "test/itex2mml-key.yaml"
-  BIN = "./itex2MML"
+  KEY = "test/answer-key.yaml"
+  BIN = "./itex2MML --inline" # for quickly generating possible answers to new tests
 
   def setup #:nodoc:
     @p = Ritex::Parser.new :mathml
-    @key = (File.exists?(KEY) ? YAML::load_file(KEY) : {})
+    @key = if File.exists?(KEY)
+      YAML::load_file(KEY).inject({}) { |h, (k, v)| h[k] = v; h }
+    else
+      {}
+    end
     @key_dirty = false
   end
 
   def teardown #:nodoc:
     if @key_dirty
-      puts "s"
-      File.open(KEY, "wb") { |f| f.puts @key.to_yaml }
+      File.open(KEY, "wb") { |f| f.puts @key.sort_by { |a, b| [a, b] }.to_yaml }
       @key_dirty = false
     end
   end
 
-  ## Tests whether an itex string is converted correctly by comparing
-  ## it to the cached answer, or, if none is found, by running it
-  ## through itex2mml directly.
+  ## Tests whether a webtex string is converted correctly.
   ##
-  ## If _same_as_ is given, it means the conversion of _s_ should be
-  ## the same as the itex2mml's rendering of _same_as_. This is mostly
-  ## useful for macros.
+  ## If _same_as_ is given, it means the conversion of _s_ should be the same
+  ## as _same_as_. This is useful for macros and other features unsupported
+  ## by the binary answer-key generator.
   def cmp s, same_as=nil
     gold = gold_standard(same_as || s)
-    test = @p.parse s
+    test = @p.parse s, false
 
-    [gold, test].each do |l|
-      l.gsub!(/>[\s\n]+</, "><")
-      l.gsub!(/"/, "'")
+    if gold.gsub('"', "'") != test.gsub('"', "'")
+      puts "BADBADBADBAD"
+      p gold
+      p test
+      exit
     end
+    assert_equal gold.gsub('"', "'"), test.gsub('"', "'"), "Difference in MathML output of #{s.inspect}"
+  end
+
+  ## fix up itex2MML's common known errors
+  def fix_itex2mml_output l
+    l.gsub(/<mi>&(lt|gt);<\/mi>/, "<mo>&\\1;</mo>").
+      gsub("<merror><mtext>Unknown character</mtext></merror>", "<mspace width='mediummathspace'/>")
+  end
 
-    assert_equal gold, test, "Difference in XML transform of #{s}"
+  ## normalize itex2MML output to make it more like mine, for comparison purposes
+  def normalize_itex2mml_output l
+    l.gsub("-", "&minus;").
+      gsub(/>[\s\n]+</, "><").
+      gsub(/>(\d+)\s+/, ">\\1").
+      gsub(%r!<mspace (.*?)></mspace>!, "<mspace \\1/>")
   end
 
+  ##### and now, the tests! #####
+
   def test_grouping
     cmp 'x'
     cmp '{x}'
@@ -147,6 +136,9 @@ class MathML < ::Test::Unit::TestCase
     cmp '  a'
     cmp '\forall x\,x<0'
     cmp '\int_x f(x)\ dx'
+    cmp ','
+    cmp '\,'
+    cmp ',\,\,,,\,'
   end
   
   def test_escaping
@@ -167,6 +159,7 @@ class MathML < ::Test::Unit::TestCase
 
   def test_misc
     cmp '\ln x'
+    cmp "100!"
   end
 
   def test_multiline
@@ -176,14 +169,18 @@ class MathML < ::Test::Unit::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_delimiters
+    cmp '(\hat{x}) = {(\hat{x}})'
     cmp '\left ( x \right )'
     cmp '\left \{ x \right \}'
-    cmp '\left ( x \right'
-    cmp '\left ( x \right + 3'
     cmp '\left ( \frac{2}{4+x} \right )^3'
     cmp '\left \frac{x}{y} \right|_{x=0}'
   end
 
+  def test_elided_delimiters
+    cmp '\left ( x \right', '\left ( x \right'
+    cmp '\left ( x \right + 3', '\left ( x \right + 3'
+  end
+
   def test_arrays
     cmp '\array{1}'
     cmp '\array{1 & 0}'
@@ -193,25 +190,25 @@ class MathML < ::Test::Unit::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_real_life
+    cmp 'a = -3'
     cmp '\Pr(a < X \leq b) = \int_a^b f(x)\ dx'
     cmp '\int_{-\infinity}^\infinity f(x)\ dx = 1'
-    cmp 'F(x) = \Pr(X \leq x) \text{ for } -\infinity < x < \infinity'
-    cmp '  G^{-1}(x) = -\log(1 - x)/\lambda\text{ if } 0 < x < 1.'
+    cmp 'F(x) = \Pr(X \leq x)\ \text{for}\ -\infinity < x < \infinity'
+    cmp 'G^{-1}(x) = -\log(1 - x)/\lambda\text{ if } 0 < x < 1.'
     cmp '-\log(1 - X)/\lambda'
     cmp 'P(x) = P^*(x)/Z'
     cmp '\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{n} = \ln 2'
     cmp '\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n} \text{ is divergent, but } \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i} - \ln n \text{ exists.}'
-    cmp '  G(y) = \left\{\array{ 1 - e^{-\lambda y} & \text{ if } y \geq 0 \\                        0                  & \text{ if } y < 0 }\right. .'
+    cmp 'G(y) = \left\{\array{ 1 - e^{-\lambda y} & \text{ if } y \geq 0 \\\\
+                               0                  & \text{ if } y < 0 }\right.'
     cmp '\define{\sampx}{x^{(r)}}
-         \frac{1}{N} \sum_r \phi(\sampx),'
-    cmp '\frac{\sum_r w_r \phi(\sampx)}{\sum_r w_r}'
-    cmp 'w_r \equiv \frac{P^*(\sampx)}{Q^*(\sampx)}.'
+         \frac{1}{N} \sum_r \phi(\sampx)', '\frac{1}{N} \sum_r \phi({x^{(r)}})'
+    cmp '\frac{\sum_r w_r \phi(\sampx)}{\sum_r w_r}', '\frac{\sum_r w_r \phi({x^{(r)}})}{\sum_r w_r}'
+    cmp 'w_r \equiv \frac{P^*(\sampx)}{Q^*(\sampx)}.', 'w_r \equiv \frac{P^*({x^{(r)}})}{Q^*({x^{(r)}})}.'
   end
 
   def test_overs
-    %w(hat bar dot ddot vec check tilde widehat widecheck widebar widevec widetilde).each do |x|
-      cmp "\#{x}{x}"
-    end
+    %w(hat bar dot ddot vec check).each { |x| cmp "\\#{x}{x}" }
     cmp '\overset{\text{n terms}}{\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+n}}'
     cmp '\underoverset{S}{\alpha}{x=\infty}'
   end
@@ -229,37 +226,83 @@ class MathML < ::Test::Unit::TestCase
     cmp '\float{\goat}{\boat{\goat}}', '{\frac{\alpha-{\mathbb{GOAT}}}{\beta-{{\mathbb{GOAT}}-x}}}'
   end
 
+  def test_more_macros
+    cmp '\define{\exp}[1]{E_\theta\left[#1\right]} \exp{\hat{\theta}}', '{E_\theta\left[\hat{\theta}\right]}'
+  end
+
   def test_unary_minus
     cmp '-x'
     cmp 'x - x'
     cmp 'x--x'
     cmp 'x + - x'
     cmp '\alpha - x'
-    cmp '\arccos - x'
-    cmp '\bigcup + x'
-    cmp '\bigcup - x'
-  end
+    cmp '-1'
+    cmp "a-b"
+    cmp "a=-b"
 
-private
+    cmp '-\infty'
+    cmp '\ -\infty'
+    cmp '\text{for}\ -\infty'
+  end
 
-  def normalize s
-    s.gsub(/&/, "&amp;").gsub(/</, "&lt;").gsub(/>/, "&gt;")
+  def test_arrayopts
+    cmp '\array{ \arrayopts{\colalign{left center right}} a & b & c \\\\ 100000 & 100000 & 10000}'
+    cmp '\array{ \arrayopts{\colalign{left}} a & b & c \\\\ 100000 & 100000 & 10000}'
+    cmp '\array{ \arrayopts{\rowalign{top center bottom}} \binom{\alpha}{\omega} & a & b \\\\ \frac{3}{4} & c & d \\\\ \int_0^1 & e & f}'
+    cmp '\array{ \arrayopts{\rowalign{top}} \binom{\alpha}{\omega} & a & b \\\\ \frac{3}{4} & c & d \\\\ \int_0^1 & e & f}'
+    cmp '\array{\arrayopts{\frame{solid}} a}'
+    cmp '\array{\arrayopts{\padding{20}} a & b & c \\\\ d & e & f \\\\ \alpha & \beta & \gamma}'
+    cmp '\array{\arrayopts{\equalrows{true}} a}'
+    cmp '\array{\arrayopts{\equalcols{true}} a}'
+    cmp '\array{\arrayopts{\rowlines{solid}} a}'
+    cmp '\array{\arrayopts{\collines{solid}} a}'
+    cmp '\array{\cellopts{\rowspan{2}} a & b \\\\ c}'
+    cmp '\array{\rowspan{2} a & b \\\\ c}'
+    cmp '\array{\cellopts{\colspan{2}} a \\\\ b & c}'
+    cmp '\array{\colspan{2} a \\\\ b & c}'
+
+    cmp '\array{ (1,1) & \rowspan{2} \int dx & (1,3) \\\\
+                 (2,1) &                       (2,3) \\\\
+                 (3,1) & (3,2)               & (3,3) }'
+
+    cmp '\array{  \colspan{3} (1,1) \text{ to } (1,3) & (1,4) \\\\
+                     (2,1)  &   (2,2)   &   (2,3)    & (2,4)  }'
   end
 
+private
+
   ## Returns the correct translation of _s_, by looking in the key
   ## file or, if that fails, by calling itex2mml directly.
   def gold_standard s
     return @key[s] if @key.member? s
+
+    ## not in key; try and run BIN to generate the answer
     ret = IO.popen(BIN, "wb+") do |io|
-      io.puts "$#{normalize s}$"
+      io.puts s.gsub(/&/, "&amp;").gsub(/</, "&lt;").gsub(/>/, "&gt;")
       io.close_write
-      io.readlines.join.gsub(/\n/, "")
+      io.readlines.join
+    end
+    ret = ret.chomp.gsub(%r!^<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'.*?>!, "").gsub(%r!</math>$!, "")
+    ret = normalize_itex2mml_output(fix_itex2mml_output(ret))
+
+    if ENV["ALLOW_OVERRIDE"]
+      test = Ritex::Parser.new.parse s, false
+
+      if ret.gsub('"', "'") != test.gsub('"', "'")
+        puts
+        puts " input: #{s}"
+        puts "output: #{test}"
+        puts "answer: #{ret}"
+        print "correct? "
+        if gets =~ /y/i
+          ret = test
+        end
+      end
     end
+
     @key_dirty = true
     @key[s] = ret
   end
-
 end
-
 end
 end

metadata

@@ -1,55 +1,66 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification 
-rubygems_version: 0.8.11
-specification_version: 1
 name: ritex
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
-  version: "0.1"
-date: 2005-09-15 00:00:00 -04:00
-summary: WebTeX to MathML conversion library.
-require_paths: 
-  - lib
-email: wmorgan-ritex-gem@masanjin.net
-homepage: 
-rubyforge_project: ritex
-description: Ritex converts expressions from WebTeX into MathML. WebTeX is an adaptation of  TeX math syntax for web display.   Ritex makes inserting math into HTML pages easy. It supports most TeX math syntax as well as macros.
+  version: "0.2"
+platform: ruby
+authors: 
+- William Morgan
 autorequire: 
-default_executable: 
 bindir: bin
+cert_chain: []
+
+date: 2009-04-01 00:00:00 -04:00
+default_executable: 
+dependencies: []
+
+description: Ritex converts expressions from WebTeX into MathML. WebTeX is an adaptation of  TeX math syntax for web display.   Ritex makes inserting math into HTML pages easy. It supports most TeX math syntax as well as macros.
+email: wmorgan-ritex-gem@masanjin.net
+executables: []
+
+extensions: []
+
+extra_rdoc_files: 
+- README
+- ReleaseNotes
+files: 
+- lib/ritex.rb
+- lib/ritex/mathml/entities.rb
+- lib/ritex/mathml/functions.rb
+- lib/ritex/mathml/markup.rb
+- lib/ritex/lexer.rb
+- lib/ritex/parser.rb
+- test/all.rb
+- test/parser.rb
+- test/mathml.rb
+- README
+- ReleaseNotes
+- lib/ritex/parser.y
+- test/answer-key.yaml
 has_rdoc: true
-required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version::Requirement 
+homepage: http://masanjin.net/ritex/
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+
+require_paths: 
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement 
   requirements: 
-    - 
-      - ">"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
-        version: 0.0.0
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
+      version: "0"
   version: 
-platform: ruby
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement 
+  requirements: 
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
+      version: "0"
+  version: 
+requirements: 
+- none
+rubyforge_project: ritex
+rubygems_version: 1.2.0
 signing_key: 
-cert_chain: 
-authors: 
-  - William Morgan
-files: 
-  - lib/ritex.rb
-  - lib/ritex/mathml/entities.rb
-  - lib/ritex/mathml/functions.rb
-  - lib/ritex/mathml/markup.rb
-  - lib/ritex/lexer.rb
-  - test/all.rb
-  - test/parser.rb
-  - test/mathml.rb
-  - README
-  - ReleaseNotes
-  - lib/ritex/parser.y
-  - test/itex2mml-key.yaml
-  - lib/ritex/parser.rb
+specification_version: 2
+summary: WebTeX to MathML conversion library.
 test_files: 
-  - test/all.rb
-rdoc_options: []
-extra_rdoc_files: 
-  - README
-  - ReleaseNotes
-executables: []
-extensions: []
-requirements: 
-  - none
-dependencies: []
+- test/all.rb

data/test/itex2mml-key.yaml

@@ -1,292 +0,0 @@
---- 
-"\\left ( x \\right )": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>"
-"\\mathcal{Hello}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&Hscr;&escr;&lscr;&lscr;&oscr;</mi></math>"
-"-3": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\" rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mn>3</mn></math>"
-"\\lim_3": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mo
-  lspace=\"thinmathspace\" rspace=\"thinmathspace\">lim</mo>
-  <mn>3</mn></msub></math>"
-'': ''
-"\\forall x\\,x<0": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo>&forall;</mo><mi>x</mi><mspace
-  width=\"thinmathspace\"/><mi>x</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></math>"
-"{{N-x}-x}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></math>"
-if: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>i</mi><mi>f</mi></math>"
-"\\alpha": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&alpha;</mi></math>"
-a ^ b: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msup><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi></msup></math>"
-"\\define   { \\goat  }{3+4}": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo lspace='0em'
-  rspace='thinmathspace'>define</mo><mrow><mo lspace='0em'
-  rspace='thinmathspace'>goat</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math>"
-a\text{ if }b: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mtext> if
-  </mtext><mi>b</mi></math>"
-a\in S: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mo>&Element;</mo><mi>S</mi></math>"
-"  G(y) = \\left\\{\\array{ 1 - e^{-\\lambda y} & \\text{ if } y \\geq 0 \\                        0                  & \\text{ if } y < 0 }\\right. .": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>G</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo><mrow><mtable><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><msup><mi>e</mi>
-  <mrow><mo lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\"
-  rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mi>&lambda;</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></msup></mtd>
-  <mtd><mtext> if </mtext><mi>y</mi><mo>&geq;</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace
-  width=\"mediummathspace\"/><mn>0</mn></mtd> <mtd><mtext> if
-  </mtext><mi>y</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow>
-  <mo>.</mo></mrow><mo>.</mo></math>"
-"  a": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi></math>"
-"{x}": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></math>"
-"\\bigcup + x": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo lspace='thinmathspace'
-  rspace='thinmathspace'>&Union;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"\\overset{\\text{n terms}}{\\overbrace{1+2+\\cdots+n}}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mover><mrow><mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mo>&sdot;
-  &sdot;
-  &sdot;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow><mo>&OverBrace;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mtext>n
-  terms</mtext></mrow></mover></math>"
-a < b: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>b</mi></math>"
-"\\array{1 & 0 \\\\ 0 & 1}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mtable><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd>
-  <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr> <mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd>
-  <mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow></math>"
-"\\alpha + b + c": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&alpha;</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi></math>"
-"\\left ( \\frac{2}{4+x} \\right )^3": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup></math>"
-"\\left ( \\binom{2}{3} \\right )": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mo>(</mo><mfrac
-  linethickness=\"0\"><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac>
-  <mo>)</mo></mrow></math>"
-a\text{ if a fd ew s }b: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mtext> if a fd ew s
-  </mtext><mi>b</mi></math>"
-"\\bigcup - x": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo lspace='thinmathspace'
-  rspace='thinmathspace'>&Union;</mo><mo lspace='thinthinmathspace'
-  rspace='0em'>-</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"x + - x": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mo
-  lspace='thinthinmathspace' rspace='0em'>-</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"\\text{if}": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mtext>if</mtext></math>"
-"\\frac{1}{2}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math>"
-"-x-x": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\"
-  rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-a+3: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></math>"
-a^b_c: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msubsup><mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi>
-  <mi>b</mi></msubsup></math>"
-"\\arccos - x": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo lspace='0em'
-  rspace='thinmathspace'>arccos</mo><mo lspace='thinthinmathspace'
-  rspace='0em'>-</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-w_r \equiv \frac{P^*(\sampx)}{Q^*(\sampx)}.: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>&equiv;</mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>P</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>Q</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfrac><mo>.</mo></math>"
-? |2-
-    G(y) = \left\{\array{ 1 - e^{-\lambda y} & \text{ if } y \geq 0 \
-                          0                  & \text{ if } y < 0 }\right. .
-: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>G</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo><mrow><mtable><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><msup><mi>e</mi>
-  <mrow><mo lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\"
-  rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mi>&lambda;</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></msup></mtd>
-  <mtd><mtext> if </mtext><mi>y</mi><mo>&geq;</mo><mn>0</mn><merror>Unknown
-  character</merror><mn>0</mn></mtd> <mtd><mtext> if
-  </mtext><mi>y</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow>
-  <mo>.</mo></mrow><mo>.</mo></math>"
-a+-3: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\" rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mn>3</mn></math>"
-" a": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi></math>"
-? |-
-  \mathop{monkey}
-           <
-           b
-: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">monkey</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>b</mi></math>"
-"\\left ( x \\right + 3": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></math>"
-a_b: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mi>a</mi>
-  <mi>b</mi></msub></math>"
-a^{b_c} < a^b_c: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msup><mi>a</mi>
-  <mrow><msub><mi>b</mi>
-  <mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></msup><mo>&lt;</mo><msubsup><mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi>
-  <mi>b</mi></msubsup></math>"
-x--x: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>x</mi><mo>-</mo><mo
-  lspace='thinthinmathspace' rspace='0em'>-</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"\\int_x f(x)\\ dx": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mo>&Integral;</mo>
-  <mi>x</mi></msub><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mspace
-  width=\"mediummathspace\"/><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"\\sampx": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math>"
-"\\ln x": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">ln</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-F(x) = \Pr(X \leq x) \text{ for } -\infinity < x < \infinity: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>F</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo
-  lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">Pr</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>&leq;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mtext>
-  for
-  </mtext><mo>-</mo><mn>&infin;</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>&infin;</mn></math>"
-"{\\mathbb{GOAT}_3}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><msub><mi>&Gopf;&Oopf;&Aopf;&Topf;</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math>"
-a\mathbb{GOAT}: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mi>&Gopf;&Oopf;&Aopf;&Topf;</mi></math>"
-x: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"\\alpha - x": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&alpha;</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"\\int_{-\\infinity}^\\infinity f(x)\\ dx = 1": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msubsup><mo>&Integral;</mo>
-  <mrow><mo lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\"
-  rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mn>&infin;</mn></mrow>
-  <mn>&infin;</mn></msubsup><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mspace
-  width=\"mediummathspace\"/> <mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math>"
-"\\Pr(a < X \\leq b) = \\int_a^b f(x)\\ dx": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">Pr</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>&leq;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mo>&Integral;</mo>
-  <mi>a</mi> <mi>b</mi></msubsup><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mspace
-  width=\"mediummathspace\"/><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></math>"
-? |-
-  \define{\sampx}{x^{(r)}}
-           \frac{1}{N} \sum_r \phi(\sampx),
-: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac><msub><mo
-  lspace='thinmathspace'
-  rspace='thinmathspace'>&Sum;</mo><mi>r</mi></msub><mi>&phi;</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo></math>"
-"\\overset{\\text{$n$ terms}}{\\overbrace{1+2+\\cdots+n}}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mover><mrow><mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mo>&sdot;
-  &sdot;
-  &sdot;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow><mo>&OverBrace;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mtext>$n$
-  terms</mtext></mrow></mover></math>"
-x\textstyle{\int_0^1}\displaystyle{\int_0^1}y: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>x</mi><mstyle
-  displaystyle='false'><mrow><msubsup><mo>&Integral;</mo><mn>0</mn><mn>1</mn></msubsup></mrow></mstyle><mstyle
-  displaystyle='true'><mrow><msubsup><mo>&Integral;</mo><mn>0</mn><mn>1</mn></msubsup></mrow></mstyle><mi>y</mi></math>"
-"  G^{-1}(x) = -\\log(1 - x)/\\lambda\\text{ if } 0 < x < 1.": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msup><mi>G</mi> <mrow><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\"
-  rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\" rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mo lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">log</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><mi>&lambda;</mi><mtext>
-  if
-  </mtext><mn>0</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo></math>"
-a\text{if}b: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mtext>if</mtext><mi>b</mi></math>"
-a\text{if }b: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mtext>if
-  </mtext><mi>b</mi></math>"
-"\\array{ }": ''
-? |-
-  \mathbb{monkey}
-           <
-           b
-: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>monkey</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>b</mi></math>"
-w_r \defnas \frac{P^*(\sampx)}{Q^*(\sampx)}.: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mi>w</mi>
-  <mi>r</mi></msub><mo lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">defnas</mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>P</mi>
-  <mo>*</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mo lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">sampx</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>Q</mi>
-  <mo>*</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mo lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">sampx</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfrac><mo>.</mo></math>"
-"\\mathbb{GOAT}_3": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mi>&Gopf;&Oopf;&Aopf;&Topf;</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math>"
-"\\array{}": ''
-"\\array{1}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mtable><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow></math>"
-"\\array{1 & 0}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mtable><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd>
-  <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow></math>"
-"\\sum_{n=1}^\\infty \\frac{1}{n} \\text{ is divergent, but } \\lim_{n \\to
-  \\infty} \\sum_{i=1}^n \\frac{1}{i} - \\ln n \\text{ exists.}": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msubsup><mo
-  lspace=\"thinmathspace\" rspace=\"thinmathspace\">&Sum;</mo>
-  <mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow>
-  <mn>&infin;</mn></msubsup><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></mfrac><mtext>
-  is divergent, but </mtext><msub><mo lspace=\"thinmathspace\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">lim</mo>
-  <mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&rightarrow;</mo><mn>&infin;</mn></mrow></msub><msubsup><mo
-  lspace=\"thinmathspace\" rspace=\"thinmathspace\">&Sum;</mo>
-  <mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow>
-  <mi>n</mi></msubsup><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>-</mo><mo
-  lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"thinmathspace\">ln</mo><mi>n</mi><mtext>
-  exists.</mtext></math>"
-"{\\frac{\\alpha-\\delta}{\\beta-\\gamma}}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>&alpha;</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>&delta;</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>&beta;</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>&gamma;</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math>"
-"\\mathbb{Hello}": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&Hopf;ello</mi></math>"
-"{N-{N-x}}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>-</mo><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mrow></math>"
-"\\sqrt{i}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msqrt><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msqrt></math>"
-? |-
-  \array{1 & 0 \\
-                  0 & 1}
-: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mtable><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd>
-  <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr> <mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd>
-  <mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow></math>"
-"\\binom{x}{2}": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mfrac
-  linethickness=\"0\"><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math>"
-"\\lim_{x\\to\\infty}f(x)=0": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mo
-  lspace=\"thinmathspace\" rspace=\"thinmathspace\">lim</mo>
-  <mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>&rightarrow;</mo><mn>&infin;</mn></mrow></msub><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math>"
-"{{{N-x}-x}-x}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></math>"
-"\\underoverset{S}{\\alpha}{x=\\infty}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><munderover><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>&infin;</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>&alpha;</mi></mrow></munderover></math>"
-"\\text{ if }": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mtext> if </mtext></math>"
-"-\\log(1 - X)/\\lambda": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\" rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mo lspace=\"0em\"
-  rspace=\"thinmathspace\">log</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><mi>&lambda;</mi></math>"
-"\\left \\frac{x}{y} \\right|_{x=0}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>|</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math>"
-"-x": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo lspace='thinthinmathspace'
-  rspace='0em'>-</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"\\frac{N-x}{2}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math>"
-2^{-3}: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msup><mn>2</mn> <mrow><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\"
-  rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math>"
-P(x) = P^*(x)/Z: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>P</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>P</mi>
-  <mo>*</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><mi>Z</mi></math>"
-"\\text{if \\alpha}": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mtext>if
-  \\alpha</mtext></math>"
-"\\sum_{n=1}^\\infty \\frac{(-1)^n}{n} = \\ln 2": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msubsup><mo
-  lspace=\"thinmathspace\" rspace=\"thinmathspace\">&Sum;</mo>
-  <mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow>
-  <mn>&infin;</mn></msubsup><mfrac><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\" rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mo>)</mo>
-  <mi>n</mi></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo
-  lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"thinmathspace\">ln</mo><mn>2</mn></math>"
-"{y-x}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></math>"
-"\\left \\{ x \\right \\}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mo>{</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>}</mo></mrow></math>"
-a\text{ if}b: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mtext>
-  if</mtext><mi>b</mi></math>"
-"\\root{3}{x+y}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mroot><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></mroot></math>"
-? |-
-  a
-           <
-           b
-: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>a</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>b</mi></math>"
-"x - x": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>x</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></math>"
-"{\\frac{\\alpha-{\\mathbb{GOAT}}}{\\beta-{{\\mathbb{GOAT}}-x}}}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>&alpha;</mi><mo>-</mo><mrow><mi>&Gopf;&Oopf;&Aopf;&Topf;</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>&beta;</mi><mo>-</mo><mrow><mrow><mi>&Gopf;&Oopf;&Aopf;&Topf;</mi></mrow><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math>"
-"\\goat_3": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mrow><mi>&Gopf;&Oopf;&Aopf;&Topf;</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></math>"
-"\\frac{\\sum_r w_r \\phi(\\sampx)}{\\sum_r w_r}": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mfrac><mrow><msub><mo
-  lspace='thinmathspace'
-  rspace='thinmathspace'>&Sum;</mo><mi>r</mi></msub><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mi>&phi;</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msub><mo
-  lspace='thinmathspace'
-  rspace='thinmathspace'>&Sum;</mo><mi>r</mi></msub><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac></math>"
-"\\frac{{N-x}}{2}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mfrac><mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math>"
-"#{x}{x}": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo>#</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></math>"
-a^b: "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msup><mi>a</mi>
-  <mi>b</mi></msup></math>"
-"\\left ( x \\right": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></math>"
-"-log(1 - X)/\\lambda": "<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mo
-  lspace=\"thinthinmathspace\"
-  rspace=\"0em\">-</mo><mi>log</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><mi>&lambda;</mi></math>"
-? |-
-  \array{1 & 0 \\
-                   0 & 1}
-: "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow><mtable><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd>
-  <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr> <mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd>
-  <mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mrow></math>"
-"{\\mathbb{GOAT}}_3": "<math
-  xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mrow><mi>&Gopf;&Oopf;&Aopf;&Topf;</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></math>"