right_aws_api 0.1.0

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data/HISTORY

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+== 2013-06-28
+  - pre-release candidate created

data/LICENSE

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+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 RightScale, Inc, All Rights Reserved Worldwide.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

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+# AWS (Amazon Web Services) library for Ruby
+
+This gem provides access to many AWS cloud services.
+Unlike many other AWS libaries this gem is a very thin adaptation layer over the AWS APIs.
+It is highly meta-programmed and exposes the exact AWS API calls with the
+exact AWS parameters. There are two big benefits to this approach: you don't have to translate betwen the
+AWS docs and the library in order to figure out what to do, and there's nothing in the AWS APIs you can't
+call through the library. The library doesn't even need to be updated when AWS introduces new API features.
+The downside to this approach is that when things don't work it's sometimes more difficult to figure out
+what's happening... Another downside is that method names and parameter names follow the AWS API spec and
+thereby run against Ruby conventions.
+
+If you encounter problems please open a github issue.
+
+## Docs
+
+For some getting-started info see further down but for detailed docs see
+http://rightscale.github.io/right_aws_api/frames.html#!file.README.html
+
+## Features
+
+The gem supports the following AWS services out of the box:
+
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::AS::Manager      Auto Scaling (AS)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::CF::Manager      Cloud Front (CF)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::CFM::Manager     Cloud Formation (CFM)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::CW::Manager      Cloud Watch (CW)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::EB::Manager      Elastic Beanstalk (EB)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::EC::Manager      Elasti Cache (EC)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::EC2::Manager     Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::ELB::Manager     Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::EMR::Manager     Elastic Map Reduce (EMR)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::IAM::Manager     Identity and Access Management (IAM)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::RDS::Manager     Relational Database Service (RDS)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::Route53::Manager Route 53 (Route53)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::S3::Manager      Simple Storage Service (S3)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::SDB::Manager     Simple DB (SDB)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::SNS::Manager     Simple Notification Service (SNS)}
+- {RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::SQS::Manager     Simple Queue Service (SQS)}
+
+And it is easy to add support for other. You will need to refer to
+the AWS docs (http://aws.amazon.com/documentation/) for all the API params and usage explanations.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+### Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
+
+This library supports all existing and future EC2 API calls. If you know that EC2 supports a
+call and you know what params it accepts - just call the method with those params.
+
+#### Basics
+
+```ruby
+  require "right_aws_api"
+
+  key      = ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID']
+  secret   = ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
+  endpoint = 'https://us-east-1.ec2.amazonaws.com'
+  ec2      = RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::EC2::Manager.new(key, secret, endpoint)
+
+  ec2.ThisCallMustBeSupportedByEc2('Param.1' => 'A', 'Param.2' => 'B')
+```
+
+#### EC2 Instances
+
+```ruby
+  require "right_aws_api"
+
+  # Get a list of your instances
+  ec2.DescribeInstances
+
+  # Describe custom Instance(s)
+  ec2.DescribeInstances('InstanceId' => "i-2ba7c640")
+  ec2.DescribeInstances('InstanceId' => ["i-2ba7c640", "i-7db9101e"])
+
+  # Describe Instances with filteringSame (another way, the result is the same):
+  ec2.DescribeInstances(
+    'Filter' => [
+      {'Name'  => 'architecture',
+       'Value' => 'i386'},
+      {'Name'  => 'availability-zone',
+       'Value' => [ 'us-east-1a', 'us-east-1d' ]},
+      {'Name'  => 'instance-type',
+       'Value' =>  'm1.small'} ]
+  )
+
+  # Run an new instance:
+  ec2.RunInstances(
+    'ImageId'            => 'ami-8ef607e7',
+    'MinCount'           => 1,
+    'MaxCount'           => 1,
+    'KeyName'            => 'kd: alex',
+    'UserData'           => RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::base64en('Hehehehe!!!!'),
+    'InstanceType'       => 'c1.medium',
+    'ClientToken'        => RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::generate_token,
+    'SecurityGroupId'    => ['sg-f71a089e', 'sg-c71a08ae' ],
+    'Placement+'         => {
+       'AvailabilityZone' => 'us-east-1d',
+       'Tenancy'          => 'default' },
+    'BlockDeviceMapping' => [
+      {'DeviceName' => '/dev/sdc',
+       'Ebs'        => {
+         'SnapshotId'          => 'snap-e40fd188',
+         'VolumeSize'          => 3,
+         'DeleteOnTermination' => true}} ]
+  )
+
+  # Terminate your instance:
+  ec2.TerminateInstances("InstanceId" => ["i-67c87504", "i-67c87504"])
+```
+
+### Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
+
+```ruby
+  require "right_aws_api"
+
+  key      = ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID']
+  secret   = ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
+  endpoint = 'https://s3.amazonaws.com'
+  s3       = RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::S3::Manager::new(key, secret, endpoint)
+
+  s3.ListBuckets
+  s3.GetBucketAcl('Bucket' => 'my-lovely-bucket')
+  s3.GetObject('Bucket' => 'my-lovely-bucket', 'Object' => 'fairies.txt')
+```
+
+### Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)
+
+```ruby
+  require "right_aws_api"
+
+  key            = ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID']
+  secret         = ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
+  account_number = ENV['AWS_ACCOUNT_NUMBER']
+  endpoint       = 'https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com'
+  sqs            = RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::SQS::Manager.new(key, secret, account_number, endpoint)
+
+  # List all queues
+  sqs.ListQueues
+
+  # Create a new one
+  sqs.CreateQueue(
+    'QueueName' => 'myCoolQueue',
+    'Attribute' => [
+       { 'Name'  => 'VisibilityTimeout',  'Value' => 40 },
+       { 'Name'  => 'MaximumMessageSize', 'Value' => 2048 } ])
+
+  # Send a message
+  message = URI::escape('Woohoo!!!')
+  sqs.SendMessage('myCoolQueue', 'MessageBody' => message)
+
+  # Receive a message
+  sqs.ReceiveMessage('myCoolQueue')
+
+  # Kill the queue
+  sqs.DeleteQueue('myCoolQueue')
+```
+
+## Dependencies
+
+This gem depends on a base gem which is shared across all RightScale cloud libraries:
+https://github.com/rightscale/right_cloud_api_base
+
+### (c) 2014 by RightScale, Inc., see the LICENSE file for the open-source license.

data/Rakefile

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+#--
+# Copyright (c) 2013 RightScale, Inc.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#++
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+begin
+  require 'bundler'
+  Bundler::GemHelper.install_tasks
+rescue LoadError => e
+  STDERR.puts("Bundler is not available, some rake tasks will not be defined: #{e.message}")
+end
+
+require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task :default => :spec
+

data/lib/cloud/aws/as/manager.rb

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+#--
+# Copyright (c) 2013 RightScale, Inc.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#++
+
+require "cloud/aws/base/manager"
+
+module RightScale
+  module CloudApi
+    module AWS
+
+      # AutoScaling namespace
+      module AS
+        
+        # Amazon AutoScaling (AS) compatible manager (thread safe).
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  require "right_aws_api"
+        #
+        #  # Create a manager to access Auto Scaling.
+        #  as = RightScale::CloudApi::AWS::AS::Manager::new(key, secret, 'https://autoscaling.us-east-1.amazonaws.com')
+        #
+        #  # Get a description of each Auto Scaling instance in the InstanceIds list.
+        #  as.DescribeAutoScalingInstances #=>
+        #    {"DescribeAutoScalingGroupsResponse"=>
+        #      {"@xmlns"=>"http://autoscaling.amazonaws.com/doc/2011-01-01/",
+        #       "DescribeAutoScalingGroupsResult"=>
+        #        {"AutoScalingGroups"=>
+        #          {"member"=>
+        #            {"SuspendedProcesses"=>nil,
+        #             "Tags"=>nil,
+        #             "AutoScalingGroupName"=>"CentOS.5.1-c-array",
+        #             "HealthCheckType"=>"EC2",
+        #             "CreatedTime"=>"2009-05-28T09:31:21.133Z",
+        #             "EnabledMetrics"=>nil,
+        #             "LaunchConfigurationName"=>"CentOS.5.1-c",
+        #             "Instances"=>nil,
+        #             "DesiredCapacity"=>"0",
+        #             "AvailabilityZones"=>{"member"=>"us-east-1a"},
+        #             "LoadBalancerNames"=>nil,
+        #             "MinSize"=>"0",
+        #             "VPCZoneIdentifier"=>nil,
+        #             "HealthCheckGracePeriod"=>"0",
+        #             "DefaultCooldown"=>"0",
+        #             "AutoScalingGroupARN"=>
+        #              "arn:aws:autoscaling:us-east-1:82...25:autoScalingGroup:47..5f-0d65-46cb-8a0c-0..000:autoScalingGroupName/CentOS.5.1-c-array",
+        #             "TerminationPolicies"=>{"member"=>"Default"},
+        #             "MaxSize"=>"3"}}},
+        #       "ResponseMetadata"=>{"RequestId"=>"04022bd4-4f5d-11e2-b437-318e12cd4660"}}}
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  # Get only records you need:
+        #  as.DescribeAutoScalingInstances( 'AutoScalingGroupNames.member' => ["CentOS.5.1-c-array", "CentOS.5.2-d-array"])
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  # Set the max number of records to bre returned:
+        #  as.DescribeAutoScalingInstances('MaxRecords' => 3)
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  # Create  a new Auto Scaling group
+        #  as.CreateAutoScalingGroup('AutoScalingGroupName' => 'my-test-asgroup',
+        #                            'DesiredCapacity' => 5,
+        #                            'PlacementGroup' => 'my-cool-group')
+        #
+        # @see ApiManager
+        # @see http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AutoScaling/latest/APIReference/API_Operations.html
+        #
+        class Manager < AWS::Manager
+        end
+
+
+        # Amazon AutoScaling (AS) compatible manager (thread unsafe).
+        #
+        # @see Manager
+        #
+        class  ApiManager < AWS::ApiManager
+
+          # Default API version for AutoScaling service.
+          # To override the API version use :api_version key when instantiating a manager.
+          #
+          DEFAULT_API_VERSION = '2011-01-01'
+
+          error_pattern :abort_on_timeout,     :path     => /Action=(Create)/
+          error_pattern :retry,                :response => /InternalError|Unavailable/i
+          error_pattern :disconnect_and_abort, :code     => /5..|403|408/
+          error_pattern :disconnect_and_abort, :code     => /4../, :if => Proc.new{ |opts| rand(100) < 10 }
+
+          set :response_error_parser => Parser::AWS::ResponseErrorV2
+          
+          cache_pattern :verb  => /get|post/,
+                        :path  => /Action=List/,
+                        :if    => Proc::new{ |o| (o[:params].keys - COMMON_QUERY_PARAMS)._blank? },
+                        :key   => Proc::new{ |o| o[:params]['Action'] },
+                        :sign  => Proc::new{ |o| o[:response].body.to_s.sub(%r{<RequestId>.+?</RequestId>}i,'') }
+        end
+      end
+      
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/cloud/aws/base/helpers/utils.rb

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+#--
+# Copyright (c) 2013 RightScale, Inc.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#++
+
+module RightScale
+  module CloudApi
+    # Helper methods namespace
+    module Utils
+      # AWS helpers namespace
+      module AWS
+
+        @@digest1   = OpenSSL::Digest.new("sha1")
+        @@digest256 = nil
+        if OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x00908000
+          @@digest256 = OpenSSL::Digest.new("sha256") rescue nil # Some installations may not support sha256
+        end
+
+
+        # Generates a signature for the given string, secret access key and digest
+        #
+        # @param [String] aws_secret_access_key
+        # @param [String] auth_string
+        # @param [String] digest
+        #
+        # @return [String] The signature.
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::AWS.sign('my-secret-key', 'something-that-needs-to-be-signed') #=>
+        #     'kdHo0Ks4KkypU1CkYZzAxFIIX+0='
+        #
+        def self.sign(aws_secret_access_key, auth_string, digest=nil)
+          Utils::base64en(OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(digest || @@digest1, aws_secret_access_key, auth_string))
+        end
+
+
+        # Returns ISO-8601 representation for the given time
+        #
+        # @param [Time,Fixnum] time
+        # @return [String]
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::AWS.utc_iso8601(Time.now) #=> '2013-03-22T21:00:21.000Z'
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::AWS.utc_iso8601(0) #=> '1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'
+        #
+        def self.utc_iso8601(time)
+          case
+          when time.is_a?(Fixnum) then Time::at(time)
+          when time.is_a?(String) then Time::parse(time)
+          else                         time
+          end.utc.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000Z")
+        end
+
+
+        # Escapes a string accordingly to Amazon rules
+        # @see http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-version-2.html
+        #
+        # @param [String] string
+        # @return [String]
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::AWS.amz_escape('something >= 13') #=>
+        #     'something%20%3E%3D%2013'
+        #
+        def self.amz_escape(string)
+          string = string.to_s
+          # Use UTF-8 if current ruby supports it (1.9+)
+          string = string.encode("UTF-8") if string.respond_to?(:encode)
+          # CGI::escape is too clever:
+          #  - it escapes '~' when Amazon wants it to be un-escaped
+          #  - it escapes ' ' as '+' but Amazon loves it as '%20'
+          CGI.escape(string).gsub('%7E','~').gsub('+','%20')
+        end
+
+
+        # Signature Version 2
+        #
+        # EC2, SQS and SDB requests must be signed by this guy
+        #
+        # @param [String]        aws_secret_access_key
+        # @param [Hash]          params
+        # @param [String,Symbol] verb  'get' | 'post'
+        # @param [String]        host
+        # @param [String]        urn
+        #
+        # @return [String]
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   params = {'InstanceId' => 'i-00000000'}
+        #   sign_v2_signature('secret', params, :get, 'ec2.amazonaws.com', '/') #=>
+        #     "InstanceId=i-00000000&SignatureMethod=HmacSHA256&SignatureVersion=2&
+        #      Timestamp=2014-03-12T21%3A52%3A21.000Z&Signature=gR2x3oWmNbh4bdZksPS
+        #      sg3t7U0zbTcnFOfizWF3Zujw%3D"
+        #
+        # @see http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-version-2.html
+        # @see http://aws.amazon.com/articles/1928?_encoding=UTF8&jiveRedirect=1
+        #
+        def self.sign_v2_signature(aws_secret_access_key, params, verb, host, urn)
+          params["Timestamp"]      ||= utc_iso8601(Time.now) unless params["Expires"]
+          params["SignatureVersion"] = '2'
+          # select a signing method (make an old openssl working with sha1)
+          # make 'HmacSHA256' to be a default one
+          params['SignatureMethod'] = 'HmacSHA256' unless ['HmacSHA256', 'HmacSHA1'].include?(params['SignatureMethod'])
+          params['SignatureMethod'] = 'HmacSHA1'   unless @@digest256
+          # select a digest
+          digest = (params['SignatureMethod'] == 'HmacSHA256' ? @@digest256 : @@digest1)
+          # form string to sign
+          canonical_string = Utils::params_to_urn(params){ |value| amz_escape(value) }
+          string_to_sign = "#{verb.to_s.upcase}\n" +
+                           "#{host.downcase}\n"    +
+                           "#{urn}\n"              +
+                           "#{canonical_string}"
+          "#{canonical_string}&Signature=#{amz_escape(sign(aws_secret_access_key, string_to_sign, digest))}"
+        end
+
+
+        # Returns +true+ if the provided bucket name is  a DNS compliant bucket name
+        #
+        # @see http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/2006-03-01/dev/BucketRestrictions.html
+        #
+        # @param [String] bucket_name
+        # @return [Boolean]
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::AWS.is_dns_bucket?('my') #=> false
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::AWS.is_dns_bucket?('my_bycket') #=> false
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   RightScale::CloudApi::Utils::AWS.is_dns_bucket?('my-bucket') #=> true
+        #
+        def self.is_dns_bucket?(bucket_name)
+          bucket_name = bucket_name.to_s
+          return false unless (3..63) === bucket_name.size
+          bucket_name.split('.').each do |component|
+            return false unless component[/^[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?$/]
+          end
+          true
+        end
+
+
+        # Signs and Authenticates REST Requests
+        #
+        # @param [String]        aws_secret_access_key
+        # @param [String,Symbol] verb  'get' | 'post'
+        # @param [String]        canonicalized_resource
+        # @param [Hash]          _headers
+        #
+        # @return [String]
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  sign_s3_signature('secret', :get, 'xxx/yyy/zzz/object', {'header'=>'value'}) #=>
+        #    "i85igH0sftHD/cGZcLiBKcYEuks=" 
+        #
+        # @see http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/RESTAuthentication.html
+        #
+        def self.sign_s3_signature(aws_secret_access_key, verb, canonicalized_resource, _headers={})
+          headers = {}
+          # Make sure all our headers ara downcased
+          _headers.each do |key, value|
+            headers[key.to_s.downcase] = value.is_a?(Array) ? value.join(',') : value
+          end
+          content_md5                 = headers['content-md5']
+          content_type                = headers['content-type']
+          date                        = headers['x-amz-date'] || headers['date'] || headers['expires']
+          canonicalized_x_amz_headers = headers.select{|key, value|  key[/^x-amz-/]}.sort.map{|key, value| "#{key}:#{value}"}.join("\n")
+          canonicalized_x_amz_headers << "\n" unless canonicalized_x_amz_headers._blank?
+          # StringToSign
+          string_to_sign = "#{verb.to_s.upcase}\n"         +
+                           "#{content_md5}\n"              +
+                           "#{content_type}\n"             +
+                           "#{date}\n"                     +
+                           "#{canonicalized_x_amz_headers}"+
+                           "#{canonicalized_resource}"
+          sign(aws_secret_access_key, string_to_sign)
+        end
+
+                    
+        # Parametrizes data to the format that Amazon EC2 (and compatible APIs) loves
+        #
+        # @param [Hash] data
+        #
+        # @return [Hash]
+        #
+        # @example
+        #   # Where hash is:
+        #   { Name.?.Mask  => Value | [ Values ],
+        #     NamePrefix.? => [{ SubNameA.1 => ValueA.1,  SubNameB.1 => ValueB.1 },   # any simple parameter
+        #                     ..., 
+        #                      { SubNameN.X => ValueN.X,  SubNameM.X => ValueN.X }]   # see BlockDeviceMapping case
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  parametrize( 'ParamA'             => 'a',
+        #               'ParamB'             => ['b', 'c'],
+        #               'ParamC.?.Something' => ['d', 'e'],
+        #               'Filter'             => [ { 'Key' => 'A', 'Value' => ['aa','ab']},
+        #                                         { 'Key' => 'B', 'Value' => ['ba','bb']}] ) #=>
+        #    {
+        #      "Filter.1.Key"       => "A",
+        #      "Filter.1.Value.1"   => "aa",
+        #      "Filter.1.Value.2"   => "ab",
+        #      "Filter.2.Key"       => "B",
+        #      "Filter.2.Value.1"   => "ba",
+        #      "Filter.2.Value.2"   => "bb",
+        #      "ParamA"             => "a",
+        #      "ParamB.1"           => "b",
+        #      "ParamB.2"           => "c",
+        #      "ParamC.1.Something" => "d",
+        #      "ParamC.2.Something" => "e"
+        #    }
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  # BlockDeviceMapping example
+        #  parametrize( 'ImageId'  => 'i-01234567',
+        #               'MinCount' => 1,
+        #               'MaxCount' => 2,
+        #               'KeyName'  => 'my-key',
+        #               'SecurityGroupId' => ['sg-01234567', 'sg-12345670', 'sg-23456701'],
+        #               'BlockDeviceMapping' => [ 
+        #                  { 'DeviceName'     => '/dev/sda1', 
+        #                    'Ebs.SnapshotId' => 'snap-01234567', 
+        #                    'Ebs.VolumeSize' => 20,
+        #                    'Ebs.DeleteOnTermination' => true },
+        #                  { 'DeviceName'     => '/dev/sdb1', 
+        #                    'Ebs.SnapshotId' => 'snap-12345670', 
+        #                    'Ebs.VolumeSize' => 10,
+        #                    'Ebs.DeleteOnTermination' => false } ] ) #=> 
+        #    {
+        #      "BlockDeviceMapping.1.DeviceName"              => "/dev/sda1",
+        #      "BlockDeviceMapping.1.Ebs.DeleteOnTermination" => true,
+        #      "BlockDeviceMapping.1.Ebs.SnapshotId"          => "snap-01234567",
+        #      "BlockDeviceMapping.1.Ebs.VolumeSize"          => 20,
+        #      "BlockDeviceMapping.2.DeviceName"              => "/dev/sdb1",
+        #      "BlockDeviceMapping.2.Ebs.DeleteOnTermination" => false,
+        #      "BlockDeviceMapping.2.Ebs.SnapshotId"          => "snap-12345670",
+        #      "BlockDeviceMapping.2.Ebs.VolumeSize"          => 10,
+        #      "ImageId"                                      => "i-01234567",
+        #      "KeyName"                                      => "my-key",
+        #      "MaxCount"                                     => 2,
+        #      "MinCount"                                     => 1,
+        #      "SecurityGroupId.1"                            => "sg-01234567",
+        #      "SecurityGroupId.2"                            => "sg-12345670",
+        #      "SecurityGroupId.3"                            => "sg-23456701"
+        #    }          
+        #
+        # @example
+        #  parametrize( 'DomainName' => 'kdclient',
+        #               'Item' => [ { 'ItemName'  => 'konstantin',
+        #                             'Attribute' => [ { 'Name' => 'sex',    'Value' => 'male' },
+        #                                              { 'Name' => 'age',    'Value' => '38'} ] },
+        #                           { 'ItemName'  => 'alex',
+        #                             'Attribute' => [ { 'Name' => 'sex',    'Value' => 'male' },
+        #                                              { 'Name' => 'weight', 'Value' => '188'},
+        #                                              { 'Name' => 'age',    'Value' => '42'} ] },
+        #                           { 'ItemName'  => 'diana',
+        #                             'Attribute' => [ { 'Name' => 'sex',    'Value' => 'female' },
+        #                                              { 'Name' => 'weight', 'Value' => '120'},
+        #                                              { 'Name' => 'age',    'Value' => '25'} ] } ] ) #=> 
+        #    { "DomainName"               => "kdclient",
+        #      "Item.1.ItemName"          => "konstantin",
+        #      "Item.1.Attribute.1.Name"  => "sex",
+        #      "Item.1.Attribute.1.Value" => "male",
+        #      "Item.1.Attribute.2.Name"  => "weight",
+        #      "Item.1.Attribute.2.Value" => "170",
+        #      "Item.1.Attribute.3.Name"  => "age",
+        #      "Item.1.Attribute.3.Value" => "38",
+        #      "Item.2.ItemName"          => "alex",
+        #      "Item.2.Attribute.1.Name"  => "sex",
+        #      "Item.2.Attribute.1.Value" => "male",
+        #      "Item.2.Attribute.2.Name"  => "weight",
+        #      "Item.2.Attribute.2.Value" => "188",
+        #      "Item.2.Attribute.3.Name"  => "age",
+        #      "Item.2.Attribute.3.Value" => "42",
+        #      "Item.3.ItemName"          => "diana",
+        #      "Item.3.Attribute.1.Name"  => "sex",
+        #      "Item.3.Attribute.1.Value" => "female",
+        #      "Item.3.Attribute.2.Name"  => "weight",
+        #      "Item.3.Attribute.2.Value" => "120",
+        #      "Item.3.Attribute.3.Name"  => "age",
+        #      "Item.3.Attribute.3.Value" => "25"}
+        #
+        def self.parametrize(data)
+          return data unless data.is_a?(Hash)
+          result = {}
+          #
+          data.each do |mask, values|
+            current_values = Utils::arrayify(values)
+            current_mask   = mask.dup.to_s
+            current_mask  << ".?" unless current_mask[/\?/] if current_values.size > 1
+            #
+            current_values.dup.each_with_index do |value, idx|
+              key  = current_mask.sub('?', (idx+1).to_s)
+              item = parametrize(value)
+              if item.is_a?(Hash)
+                item.each{ |k, v| result["#{key}.#{k}"] = v }
+              else
+                result[key] = item
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          result
+        end
+        
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end