riffer 0.32.0 → 0.33.0

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data/.release-please-manifest.json

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  ".": "0.32.0"
+  ".": "0.33.0"
 }

data/.ruby-version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-4.0.3
+4.0.5

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -5,6 +5,40 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## [0.33.0](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/compare/riffer/v0.32.1...riffer/v0.33.0) (2026-06-18)
+
+
+### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
+
+* reported input_tokens grows by the cache token counts on Anthropic and Bedrock, and output_tokens grows by the thinking token count on Gemini, whenever those features are active.
+
+### Features
+
+* add the Riffer::Metrics OpenTelemetry port foundation ([#325](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/325)) ([92d060c](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/92d060c9f006f9f6e904aa57e749909f360b8cd3))
+* add tracing foundation with optional OTEL backend ([#307](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/307)) ([938194c](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/938194caa7c9bfcdada9039047adf2e9fd599c27))
+* compute per-model cost on token usage ([#322](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/322)) ([f637f73](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/f637f73875cb5aa4563b5bae992269b5d7185ae2))
+* emit a chat span per LLM call with normalized finish reasons ([#312](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/312)) ([42f39dd](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/42f39dd244295cf8d398fd7daf14c33d2a169c32))
+* emit an execute_guardrail span per guardrail ([#324](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/324)) ([b280c71](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/b280c71bb8089ed7e948d8966f841535178f167f))
+* emit an execute_tool span per tool call ([#318](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/318)) ([e548450](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/e548450a980e6a03d06bda488ab94704ad33a37a))
+* emit gen_ai.client.operation.duration metric ([#326](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/326)) ([a9399b8](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/a9399b8f1b10bc947b1e0716a483e2921ab2a852))
+* emit gen_ai.client.token.usage metric ([#327](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/327)) ([f77f0f7](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/f77f0f7cd8db7cbd3a3a36f10e4ab08e70e909a0))
+* emit invoke_agent span per agent run ([#310](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/310)) ([49c8c79](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/49c8c79f3ba9c13c83ed6cd0e427e842a0459176))
+* emit riffer.gen_ai.cost metric from TokenUsage cost ([#328](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/328)) ([1ee4772](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/1ee47726def4ca2e812e88157efce1bf2a8d2e69))
+* support user-explicit skill activation and dedupe re-activations ([#305](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/305)) ([f95b908](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/f95b90897f60fc4b8f930297e0b22ce61a1a330f))
+* surface cost on LLM-call and run spans ([#323](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/323)) ([a9074b4](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/a9074b47defb4a0426c8a51dd90b60260098a14b))
+
+
+### Code Refactoring
+
+* normalize token usage semantics across providers ([#309](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/309)) ([990f86d](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/990f86d9ec74cfe85329a7ab583d51b72628c85f))
+
+## [0.32.1](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/compare/riffer/v0.32.0...riffer/v0.32.1) (2026-06-10)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* respect disable-model-invocation in skills ([#303](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/issues/303)) ([2cf8719](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/commit/2cf8719ecc36d748fabf7f03c8427e2b3043d30c))
+
 ## [0.32.0](https://github.com/janeapp/riffer/compare/riffer/v0.31.0...riffer/v0.32.0) (2026-06-08)
 
 

data/README.md

@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ For comprehensive documentation, see the [docs](docs/) directory:
 - [Skills](docs/13_SKILLS.md) - Packaged agent capabilities
 - [MCP](docs/14_MCP.md) - Integrating third-party MCP servers
 - [Serialization](docs/15_SERIALIZATION.md) - Persisting and transferring agent definitions
+- [Tracing](docs/16_TRACING.md) - OpenTelemetry span contract and host wiring
+- [Metrics](docs/17_METRICS.md) - OpenTelemetry metric contract and host wiring
 - [Providers](docs/providers/01_PROVIDERS.md) - LLM provider adapters
 
 ### API Reference
@@ -85,17 +87,17 @@ bin/setup
 Common workflows are wrapped in `bin/`. Each is a thin `exec bundle exec …` script — use them
 instead of typing `bundle exec` yourself:
 
-| Command         | Description                                  |
-| --------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
-| `bin/rake`      | Default task: test + standard + steep:check  |
-| `bin/test`      | Run tests                                    |
-| `bin/lint`      | Check code style (pass `--fix` to auto-fix)  |
-| `bin/typecheck` | Run Steep type checker                       |
-| `bin/rbs`       | Generate RBS type signatures                 |
-| `bin/rbs-watch` | Watch and regenerate RBS files               |
-| `bin/docs`      | Build RDoc HTML                              |
-| `bin/build`     | Build the gem package                        |
-| `bin/console`   | Interactive console                          |
+| Command         | Description                                 |
+| --------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
+| `bin/rake`      | Default task: test + standard + steep:check |
+| `bin/test`      | Run tests                                   |
+| `bin/lint`      | Check code style (pass `--fix` to auto-fix) |
+| `bin/typecheck` | Run Steep type checker                      |
+| `bin/rbs`       | Generate RBS type signatures                |
+| `bin/rbs-watch` | Watch and regenerate RBS files              |
+| `bin/docs`      | Build RDoc HTML                             |
+| `bin/build`     | Build the gem package                       |
+| `bin/console`   | Interactive console                         |
 
 `bin/rake <task>` is the escape hatch for any rake task without a named wrapper (e.g.
 `bin/rake test:slow`, `bin/rake release`).

data/docs/01_OVERVIEW.md

@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ Response
 - [Agents](03_AGENTS.md) - Agent configuration and usage
 - [Tools](06_TOOLS.md) - Creating tools
 - [Configuration](10_CONFIGURATION.md) - Global configuration
+- [Tracing](16_TRACING.md) - OpenTelemetry span contract and host wiring
+- [Metrics](17_METRICS.md) - OpenTelemetry metric contract and host wiring
 - [Evals](11_EVALS.md) - Evaluating agent quality
 - [Guardrails](12_GUARDRAILS.md) - Input/output validation
 - [Skills](13_SKILLS.md) - Packaged agent capabilities

data/docs/04_AGENT_LIFECYCLE.md

@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Mutators do **not** fire `on_message` — that callback is reserved for messages
 The mutable runtime context. A `Hash` threaded into every Proc-based DSL setting, guardrail, tool runtime, and skills resolution, and shared with every `Riffer::Agent::Run` this agent executes. Carries:
 
 - `context[:skills]` — the resolved `Riffer::Skills::Context` when skills are configured.
-- `context[:token_usage]` — the cumulative `Riffer::Providers::TokenUsage`, mutated by each Run as the loop progresses.
+- `context[:token_usage]` — the cumulative `Riffer::Providers::TokenUsage`, mutated by each Run as the loop progresses. Per-run totals are on `response.token_usage`.
 - any caller-provided keys passed via `Agent.new(context: ...)`.
 
 ```ruby
@@ -303,18 +303,20 @@ agent.context[:skills]        # the Skills::Context, if skills configured
 
 `Riffer::Agent::Response` is returned by `generate`:
 
-| Attribute              | Type                        | Description                                                                          |
-| ---------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| `content`              | `String`                    | The response text                                                                    |
-| `structured_output`    | `Hash` / `nil`              | Parsed and validated structured output (see below)                                   |
-| `blocked?`             | `Boolean`                   | `true` if a guardrail tripwire fired                                                 |
-| `tripwire`             | `Tripwire` / `nil`          | The guardrail tripwire that blocked the request                                      |
-| `modified?`            | `Boolean`                   | `true` if a guardrail modified the content                                           |
-| `modifications`        | `Array`                     | List of guardrail modifications applied                                              |
-| `interrupted?`         | `Boolean`                   | `true` if the loop was interrupted                                                   |
-| `interrupt_reason`     | `String` / `Symbol` / `nil` | The reason passed to `throw :riffer_interrupt`                                       |
-| `messages`             | `Array`                     | Full message history from the conversation                                           |
-| `healed_tool_call_ids` | `Array[String]`             | `tool_call` ids filled with placeholder results during interrupt healing (else `[]`) |
+| Attribute              | Type                        | Description                                                                                      |
+| ---------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `content`              | `String`                    | The response text                                                                                |
+| `structured_output`    | `Hash` / `nil`              | Parsed and validated structured output (see below)                                               |
+| `blocked?`             | `Boolean`                   | `true` if a guardrail tripwire fired                                                             |
+| `tripwire`             | `Tripwire` / `nil`          | The guardrail tripwire that blocked the request                                                  |
+| `modified?`            | `Boolean`                   | `true` if a guardrail modified the content                                                       |
+| `modifications`        | `Array`                     | List of guardrail modifications applied                                                          |
+| `interrupted?`         | `Boolean`                   | `true` if the loop was interrupted                                                               |
+| `interrupt_reason`     | `String` / `Symbol` / `nil` | The reason passed to `throw :riffer_interrupt`                                                   |
+| `messages`             | `Array`                     | Full message history from the conversation                                                       |
+| `healed_tool_call_ids` | `Array[String]`             | `tool_call` ids filled with placeholder results during interrupt healing (else `[]`)             |
+| `token_usage`          | `TokenUsage` / `nil`        | Aggregate `Riffer::Providers::TokenUsage` across this run's LLM calls (`nil` when none reported) |
+| `steps`                | `Integer`                   | LLM calls made during this run (`0` when a before-guardrail blocks first); not the session's cumulative count |
 
 ### response.structured_output
 

data/docs/08_MESSAGES.md

@@ -40,15 +40,16 @@ msg.to_h     # => {role: :user, content: "Describe this image", files: [{...}]}
 
 ### Assistant
 
-Assistant messages represent LLM responses, potentially including tool calls and token usage data:
+Assistant messages represent LLM responses, potentially including tool calls, token usage data, and the reason the model finished:
 
 ```ruby
 # Text-only response
 msg = Riffer::Messages::Assistant.new("I'm doing well, thank you!")
-msg.role         # => :assistant
-msg.content      # => "I'm doing well, thank you!"
-msg.tool_calls   # => []
-msg.token_usage  # => nil or Riffer::Providers::TokenUsage
+msg.role           # => :assistant
+msg.content        # => "I'm doing well, thank you!"
+msg.tool_calls     # => []
+msg.token_usage    # => nil or Riffer::Providers::TokenUsage
+msg.finish_reason  # => nil or a normalized Symbol (see below)
 
 # Response with tool calls
 msg = Riffer::Messages::Assistant.new("", tool_calls: [
@@ -65,6 +66,39 @@ if msg.token_usage
 end
 ```
 
+#### Token Usage Semantics
+
+`TokenUsage` buckets carry the same meaning for every provider, regardless of how the provider reports its raw usage:
+
+- `input_tokens` — every token entering the context window, including cache reads and writes.
+- `output_tokens` — every token the model generated, including reasoning/thinking tokens.
+- `cache_read_tokens` — the subset of `input_tokens` read from the provider's prompt cache; `nil` when the provider doesn't report it.
+- `cache_write_tokens` — the subset of `input_tokens` written to the provider's prompt cache; `nil` when the provider doesn't report it.
+
+The cache buckets are subsets of `input_tokens`, never additions to it — summing `input_tokens + cache_read_tokens` double-counts. `total_tokens` (input + output) matches the totals providers report on their dashboards.
+
+- `cost` — the computed cost of the call, set when pricing is configured for the model in use (see [Configuration → Pricing](10_CONFIGURATION.md#pricing)); `nil` when the model is unpriced. It's for observability, not billing. Run-level usage sums per-call costs through `TokenUsage#+`, so `response.token_usage.cost` is the total spend across the run — but the sum is `nil` if any call in the run used an unpriced model, rather than silently under-reporting.
+
+#### Finish Reasons
+
+`finish_reason` carries the same meaning for every provider — each adapter maps its raw wire value (Anthropic's `end_turn`, OpenAI's response status, Gemini's `STOP`, …) into a normalized vocabulary:
+
+| Value             | Meaning                                                         |
+| ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `:stop`           | The model finished its turn naturally (or hit a stop sequence). |
+| `:length`         | Output was truncated at the max-token limit.                    |
+| `:tool_calls`     | The model stopped to call tools.                                |
+| `:content_filter` | A provider safety system blocked or cut the response.           |
+| `:error`          | The provider reported an error finish.                          |
+| `:other`          | A provider-specific value with no normalized equivalent.        |
+
+`finish_reason` is `nil` when the provider doesn't report one. Use it to detect truncation without parsing provider responses:
+
+```ruby
+response = agent.generate("Summarize this document")
+retry_with_higher_limit if agent.session.messages.last.finish_reason == :length
+```
+
 #### Structured Output on Messages
 
 When an agent has `structured_output` configured, the final assistant message stores the parsed hash directly. The `structured_output?` predicate checks for a non-nil value:

data/docs/09_STREAM_EVENTS.md

@@ -258,6 +258,20 @@ event.to_h                          # => {role: :assistant, token_usage: {input_
 
 Use this to track token consumption in real-time during streaming.
 
+### FinishReasonDone
+
+Emitted once near the end of the stream with the normalized reason the model finished (no ordering guarantee relative to `TokenUsageDone`):
+
+```ruby
+event = Riffer::StreamEvents::FinishReasonDone.new(finish_reason: :length, raw_finish_reason: "max_tokens")
+event.role               # => :assistant
+event.finish_reason      # => :length (see Messages — Finish Reasons for the vocabulary)
+event.raw_finish_reason  # => "max_tokens" (the provider's raw wire value, or nil)
+event.to_h               # => {role: :assistant, finish_reason: :length, raw_finish_reason: "max_tokens"}
+```
+
+The agent loop stamps this value onto the accumulated assistant message's `finish_reason`.
+
 ## Streaming with Tools
 
 When an agent uses tools during streaming, the flow is:

data/docs/10_CONFIGURATION.md

@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ Riffer.configure do |config|
 end
 ```
 
-| Value                          | Description                                                                                       |
-| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Value                             | Description                                                                                             |
+| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | `Riffer::Tools::Runtime` subclass | Instantiated automatically (e.g., `Riffer::Tools::Runtime::Inline`, `Riffer::Tools::Runtime::Threaded`) |
-| `Riffer::Tools::Runtime` instance | Custom runtime with specific options                                                              |
-| `Proc`                         | Dynamic resolution                                                                                |
+| `Riffer::Tools::Runtime` instance | Custom runtime with specific options                                                                    |
+| `Proc`                            | Dynamic resolution                                                                                      |
 
 Per-agent configuration overrides this global default. See [Advanced Tool Configuration — Tool Runtime](07_TOOL_ADVANCED.md#tool-runtime-experimental) for details.
 
@@ -101,6 +101,75 @@ end
 
 Accepts a `Riffer::Skills::Backend` instance or a `Proc` that receives `context` and returns a backend. Defaults to `nil` — agents that don't set their own backend get no skills, matching pre-existing behavior. Per-agent backends override this default.
 
+### Tracing
+
+Tracing-related global configuration lives under `config.tracing`. Riffer detects the OpenTelemetry API at runtime — without it (or without a host-configured OTEL SDK) every span is a silent no-op, and riffer carries no OTEL gem dependency either way.
+
+```ruby
+Riffer.configure do |config|
+  config.tracing.enabled = ENV.fetch("RIFFER_TRACING_ENABLED", "true")
+end
+```
+
+| Option             | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
+| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `enabled`          | The kill switch, consulted on every span — flipping it at runtime takes effect immediately. Accepts booleans or `'true'`/`'false'`/`'1'`/`'0'`. Defaults to `true`.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| `capture_messages` | Opt-in capture of full message content on LLM-call spans (`gen_ai.input.messages`, `gen_ai.output.messages`, `gen_ai.system_instructions`) as GenAI-semconv JSON. Defaults to `false` — message content routinely carries sensitive data. File attachments serialize as metadata-only stubs (media type and name, never bytes), and riffer applies no size limit of its own — cap oversized attributes with the OTEL SDK attribute length limits. |
+| `tracer_provider`  | Explicit OTEL tracer provider (e.g. the SDK's in-memory provider in tests). Defaults to `nil`, which resolves the global `OpenTelemetry.tracer_provider` lazily at first span. Raises `Riffer::ArgumentError` if the `opentelemetry-api` gem isn't available at a supported version (>= 1.1, < 2).                                                                                                                                                |
+
+Hosts own SDK and exporter wiring — riffer only emits spans through whatever provider the host configures. See [Tracing](16_TRACING.md) for the emitted span contract — names, attributes, hierarchy, and host wiring.
+
+### Metrics
+
+Metrics-related global configuration lives under `config.metrics`, **independent** of `config.tracing` — each has its own kill switch, so you can run one signal without the other. Riffer detects the OpenTelemetry metrics API at runtime — without it (or without a host-configured OTEL metrics SDK) every measurement is a silent no-op, and riffer carries no OTEL gem dependency either way. The metrics API and SDK are separate, still-experimental (pre-1.0) gems from the traces API.
+
+```ruby
+Riffer.configure do |config|
+  config.metrics.enabled = ENV.fetch("RIFFER_METRICS_ENABLED", "true")
+end
+```
+
+| Option           | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `enabled`        | The kill switch, consulted on every measurement — flipping it at runtime takes effect immediately. Accepts booleans or `'true'`/`'false'`/`'1'`/`'0'`. Defaults to `true`.                                                                                                                                   |
+| `meter_provider` | Explicit OTEL meter provider (e.g. the SDK's in-memory provider in tests). Defaults to `nil`, which resolves the global `OpenTelemetry.meter_provider` lazily at first record. Raises `Riffer::ArgumentError` if the `opentelemetry-metrics-api` gem isn't available at a supported version (>= 0.2, < 1.0). |
+
+Hosts own SDK, reader, exporter, and aggregation wiring — riffer only records instruments through whatever provider the host configures, and histogram bucket boundaries are set host-side via Views. See [Metrics](17_METRICS.md) for the instrument contract — names, units, attributes, and host wiring.
+
+### Pricing
+
+Configure per-model token prices and riffer computes the cost of each LLM call onto its [`TokenUsage`](08_MESSAGES.md#token-usage-semantics). Riffer ships **no** price table — so an unconfigured model simply carries no cost (`token_usage.cost` is `nil`).
+
+```ruby
+Riffer.configure do |config|
+  # Rates are per million tokens, keyed by the same "provider/model" id you give the agent.
+  config.pricing.set("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6", input: 3.0, output: 15.0, cache_read: 0.30, cache_write: 3.75)
+  config.pricing.set("openai/gpt-4", input: 30.0, output: 60.0)
+
+  # Pass an array to share one set of rates across a model family:
+  config.pricing.set(["openai/gpt-4", "openai/gpt-4-0613"], input: 30.0, output: 60.0)
+end
+```
+
+| Argument       | Description                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `models`       | A `provider/model` id (e.g. `"openai/gpt-4"`) — the same string you pass to `model` — or an array of ids that share one set of rates. No alias matching; raises on a malformed id. |
+| `input:`       | Price per **million** input tokens. Required. Applies to the uncached portion of `input_tokens`.                                                                                   |
+| `output:`      | Price per **million** output tokens. Required.                                                                                                                                     |
+| `cache_read:`  | Price per million cache-read tokens. Optional — when omitted, cache reads bill at the `input:` rate.                                                                               |
+| `cache_write:` | Price per million cache-write tokens. Optional — when omitted, cache writes bill at the `input:` rate.                                                                             |
+
+Because the cache buckets are subsets of `input_tokens`, the cost formula subtracts them before applying the input rate:
+
+```text
+cost = (input − cache_read − cache_write) × input_rate
+     + cache_read  × cache_read_rate
+     + cache_write × cache_write_rate
+     + output      × output_rate
+```
+
+(all rates ÷ 1,000,000; an unset cache rate falls back to `input_rate`.) Cost is for observability, not billing — it's a `Float`, and sub-cent rounding can accumulate over a long run. See [Messages → Token Usage Semantics](08_MESSAGES.md#token-usage-semantics) for how cost surfaces and aggregates.
+
 ### Message ID Strategy
 
 Opt in to stable identifiers on every message for logging, persistence, or replay:

data/docs/13_SKILLS.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Skills
 
-Skills are packaged AI agent capabilities per the [Agent Skills spec](https://agentskills.io/). Each skill is a directory containing a `SKILL.md` file with YAML frontmatter and Markdown instructions. The framework discovers skills through a pluggable backend, injects a compact catalog into the system prompt (~50 tokens/skill), and provides a tool for the LLM to activate skills on demand.
+Skills are packaged AI agent capabilities per the [Agent Skills spec](https://agentskills.io/). Each skill is a directory containing a `SKILL.md` file with YAML frontmatter and Markdown instructions. The framework discovers skills through a pluggable backend, injects a compact catalog into the system prompt (~50 tokens/skill), and supports both activation channels the spec describes: the LLM activates skills on demand through a tool, and your application injects skills the user asked for as conversation content (see [User-Triggered Activation](#user-triggered-activation)).
 
 ## Creating a Skill
 
@@ -36,7 +36,11 @@ Review the code for:
 - `name` — lowercase alphanumeric with hyphens, 1-64 chars (must match directory name)
 - `description` — 1-1024 chars, helps the LLM decide when to activate
 
-Additional frontmatter keys are passed through as metadata.
+**Optional frontmatter fields:**
+
+- `disable-model-invocation` — when `true`, the skill is hidden from the catalog and the LLM cannot activate it via the `skill_activate` tool. It stays reachable through the programmatic `activate` config (see [Activated Skills](#activated-skills)) and through `activation_prompt` (see [User-Triggered Activation](#user-triggered-activation)), so you can inject it under your own logic instead of the model's. Only the literal value `true` disables invocation; any other value (or its absence) leaves the skill model-invocable.
+
+Any other frontmatter keys are passed through as metadata.
 
 ## Configuring an Agent
 
@@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ end
 
 ### Activated Skills
 
-Load skill instructions into the system prompt at startup (no tool call needed):
+Load skill instructions into the system prompt at startup (no tool call needed). Use this for skills that should govern the whole session — for skills the user requests mid-conversation, prefer [User-Triggered Activation](#user-triggered-activation), which keeps the system prompt (and its provider-side cache) stable:
 
 ```ruby
 skills do
@@ -103,8 +107,44 @@ end
 
 1. **Discovery** — At the start of `generate`/`stream`, the backend's `list_skills` returns frontmatter for all available skills.
 2. **Catalog injection** — The adapter formats the catalog and appends it to the system prompt.
-3. **Activation** — When the LLM matches a task to a skill, it calls the `skill_activate` tool with the skill name. The tool returns the full SKILL.md body.
+3. **Activation** — When the LLM matches a task to a skill, it calls the `skill_activate` tool with the skill name. The tool returns the full SKILL.md body wrapped in `<skill_content name="...">` tags.
 4. **Execution** — The LLM follows the skill's instructions to complete the task.
+5. **Deduplication** — Re-activating an already-active skill returns a short pointer ("already active") instead of the body again, so repeated activations don't fill the context with duplicate instructions. This applies whichever channel activated the skill first — tool call, `activation_prompt`, or the `activate` config.
+
+Activation state lives in memory on the `Riffer::Skills::Context`, not in the session. When you rebuild an agent from a persisted session, the first re-activation of each skill returns the full body again (the conversation history still carries the earlier copy); deduplication resumes from there. If you prune skill content out of a session yourself, call `deactivate(name)` so the next activation returns the body instead of a pointer to content that no longer exists.
+
+## User-Triggered Activation
+
+When a user explicitly invokes a skill (a slash command, a button, a mention), don't wait for the model to discover it — inject the skill body into the conversation as a user message. `activation_prompt` returns the body wrapped for injection and records the activation, so a later model-side `skill_activate` call for the same skill gets the pointer instead of a duplicate body:
+
+```ruby
+agent = MyAgent.new
+skills = agent.context.skills
+
+# User typed: /code-review focus on security
+if skills.activated?("code-review")
+  agent.generate("The code-review skill was invoked again — its instructions are above. focus on security")
+else
+  agent.generate("#{skills.activation_prompt("code-review")}\n\nfocus on security")
+end
+```
+
+`activation_prompt("code-review")` returns:
+
+```
+<skill_content name="code-review">
+You are a code review assistant.
+...
+</skill_content>
+```
+
+How a repeat invocation behaves is your choice — re-inject the full body (`activation_prompt` always returns it), or send a short reference as above. The check via `activated?` covers both channels, so a skill the model already activated through the tool counts too.
+
+For reading a skill body **without** recording an activation — a UI preview, or delegating the skill to a subagent whose context is separate — use `read`:
+
+```ruby
+body = skills.read("code-review") # no activation recorded
+```
 
 ## Custom Backends
 
@@ -154,6 +194,28 @@ class InstrumentedActivateTool < Riffer::Skills::ActivateTool
   end
 end
 
+# Change what a re-activation returns (default: a short "already active" pointer)
+class CustomPointerActivateTool < Riffer::Skills::ActivateTool
+  private
+
+  def already_active_message(name)
+    "'#{name}' is loaded — scroll up for its instructions."
+  end
+end
+
+# Return the full body on every activation (no deduplication)
+class AlwaysFullBodyActivateTool < Riffer::Skills::ActivateTool
+  def call(context:, name:)
+    skills_context = context&.skills
+    return error("Skills not configured") unless skills_context
+    return error("Unknown skill: '#{name}'") unless skills_context.model_invocable?(name)
+
+    text(skills_context.activation_prompt(name))
+  rescue Riffer::ArgumentError => e
+    error(e.message)
+  end
+end
+
 # Global default
 Riffer.config.skills.default_activate_tool = InstrumentedActivateTool
 

data/docs/14_MCP.md

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ end
 Only use `progressive: false` when the server has a small, stable set of tools you always want available.
 
 **`mcp_search`** — Search for available tools by name or description.
+
 - `query` (required, non-empty) — filter by name or description substring.
 
 On a successful search, matching tools are injected into the agent's active tool list. The model calls them natively on the next turn — no proxy or JSON-encoded arguments.
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ Riffer::Mcp.registrations
 # => {"github" => #<Riffer::Mcp::Registration ...>, ...}
 
 reg = Riffer::Mcp.registrations["github"]
-reg.tools    # => [<Class:...>, ...]  (Riffer::Tool subclasses)
+reg.tools    # => [<Class:...>, ...]  (Riffer::Mcp::Tool subclasses; .mcp_server_tool_name returns the server-side name)
 ```
 
 Discovery failures raise from `register` directly, typically `Faraday::Error` for network issues or `Riffer::DependencyError` if the `mcp`/`faraday` gems are missing. Rescue `StandardError` for graceful degradation: