ric 0.11.19 → 0.14.0

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.7.0/gems/activemodel-6.1.4.4/lib/active_model/errors.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,709 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/filters"
+require "active_model/error"
+require "active_model/nested_error"
+require "forwardable"
+
+module ActiveModel
+  # == Active \Model \Errors
+  #
+  # Provides error related functionalities you can include in your object
+  # for handling error messages and interacting with Action View helpers.
+  #
+  # A minimal implementation could be:
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     # Required dependency for ActiveModel::Errors
+  #     extend ActiveModel::Naming
+  #
+  #     def initialize
+  #       @errors = ActiveModel::Errors.new(self)
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     attr_accessor :name
+  #     attr_reader   :errors
+  #
+  #     def validate!
+  #       errors.add(:name, :blank, message: "cannot be nil") if name.nil?
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     # The following methods are needed to be minimally implemented
+  #
+  #     def read_attribute_for_validation(attr)
+  #       send(attr)
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def self.human_attribute_name(attr, options = {})
+  #       attr
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def self.lookup_ancestors
+  #       [self]
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # The last three methods are required in your object for +Errors+ to be
+  # able to generate error messages correctly and also handle multiple
+  # languages. Of course, if you extend your object with <tt>ActiveModel::Translation</tt>
+  # you will not need to implement the last two. Likewise, using
+  # <tt>ActiveModel::Validations</tt> will handle the validation related methods
+  # for you.
+  #
+  # The above allows you to do:
+  #
+  #   person = Person.new
+  #   person.validate!            # => ["cannot be nil"]
+  #   person.errors.full_messages # => ["name cannot be nil"]
+  #   # etc..
+  class Errors
+    include Enumerable
+
+    extend Forwardable
+    def_delegators :@errors, :size, :clear, :blank?, :empty?, :uniq!, :any?
+    # TODO: forward all enumerable methods after `each` deprecation is removed.
+    def_delegators :@errors, :count
+
+    LEGACY_ATTRIBUTES = [:messages, :details].freeze
+    private_constant :LEGACY_ATTRIBUTES
+
+    # The actual array of +Error+ objects
+    # This method is aliased to <tt>objects</tt>.
+    attr_reader :errors
+    alias :objects :errors
+
+    # Pass in the instance of the object that is using the errors object.
+    #
+    #   class Person
+    #     def initialize
+    #       @errors = ActiveModel::Errors.new(self)
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    def initialize(base)
+      @base = base
+      @errors = []
+    end
+
+    def initialize_dup(other) # :nodoc:
+      @errors = other.errors.deep_dup
+      super
+    end
+
+    # Copies the errors from <tt>other</tt>.
+    # For copying errors but keep <tt>@base</tt> as is.
+    #
+    # other - The ActiveModel::Errors instance.
+    #
+    # Examples
+    #
+    #   person.errors.copy!(other)
+    def copy!(other) # :nodoc:
+      @errors = other.errors.deep_dup
+      @errors.each { |error|
+        error.instance_variable_set(:@base, @base)
+      }
+    end
+
+    # Imports one error
+    # Imported errors are wrapped as a NestedError,
+    # providing access to original error object.
+    # If attribute or type needs to be overridden, use +override_options+.
+    #
+    # override_options - Hash
+    # @option override_options [Symbol] :attribute Override the attribute the error belongs to
+    # @option override_options [Symbol] :type Override type of the error.
+    def import(error, override_options = {})
+      [:attribute, :type].each do |key|
+        if override_options.key?(key)
+          override_options[key] = override_options[key].to_sym
+        end
+      end
+      @errors.append(NestedError.new(@base, error, override_options))
+    end
+
+    # Merges the errors from <tt>other</tt>,
+    # each <tt>Error</tt> wrapped as <tt>NestedError</tt>.
+    #
+    # other - The ActiveModel::Errors instance.
+    #
+    # Examples
+    #
+    #   person.errors.merge!(other)
+    def merge!(other)
+      other.errors.each { |error|
+        import(error)
+      }
+    end
+
+    # Removes all errors except the given keys. Returns a hash containing the removed errors.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.keys                  # => [:name, :age, :gender, :city]
+    #   person.errors.slice!(:age, :gender) # => { :name=>["cannot be nil"], :city=>["cannot be nil"] }
+    #   person.errors.keys                  # => [:age, :gender]
+    def slice!(*keys)
+      deprecation_removal_warning(:slice!)
+
+      keys = keys.map(&:to_sym)
+
+      results = messages.dup.slice!(*keys)
+
+      @errors.keep_if do |error|
+        keys.include?(error.attribute)
+      end
+
+      results
+    end
+
+    # Search for errors matching +attribute+, +type+ or +options+.
+    #
+    # Only supplied params will be matched.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.where(:name) # => all name errors.
+    #   person.errors.where(:name, :too_short) # => all name errors being too short
+    #   person.errors.where(:name, :too_short, minimum: 2) # => all name errors being too short and minimum is 2
+    def where(attribute, type = nil, **options)
+      attribute, type, options = normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)
+      @errors.select { |error|
+        error.match?(attribute, type, **options)
+      }
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if the error messages include an error for the given key
+    # +attribute+, +false+ otherwise.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.messages        # => {:name=>["cannot be nil"]}
+    #   person.errors.include?(:name) # => true
+    #   person.errors.include?(:age)  # => false
+    def include?(attribute)
+      @errors.any? { |error|
+        error.match?(attribute.to_sym)
+      }
+    end
+    alias :has_key? :include?
+    alias :key? :include?
+
+    # Delete messages for +key+. Returns the deleted messages.
+    #
+    #   person.errors[:name]        # => ["cannot be nil"]
+    #   person.errors.delete(:name) # => ["cannot be nil"]
+    #   person.errors[:name]        # => []
+    def delete(attribute, type = nil, **options)
+      attribute, type, options = normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)
+      matches = where(attribute, type, **options)
+      matches.each do |error|
+        @errors.delete(error)
+      end
+      matches.map(&:message).presence
+    end
+
+    # When passed a symbol or a name of a method, returns an array of errors
+    # for the method.
+    #
+    #   person.errors[:name]  # => ["cannot be nil"]
+    #   person.errors['name'] # => ["cannot be nil"]
+    def [](attribute)
+      DeprecationHandlingMessageArray.new(messages_for(attribute), self, attribute)
+    end
+
+    # Iterates through each error object.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add(:name, :too_short, count: 2)
+    #   person.errors.each do |error|
+    #     # Will yield <#ActiveModel::Error attribute=name, type=too_short,
+    #                                       options={:count=>3}>
+    #   end
+    #
+    # To be backward compatible with past deprecated hash-like behavior,
+    # when block accepts two parameters instead of one, it
+    # iterates through each error key, value pair in the error messages hash.
+    # Yields the attribute and the error for that attribute. If the attribute
+    # has more than one error message, yields once for each error message.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add(:name, :blank, message: "can't be blank")
+    #   person.errors.each do |attribute, message|
+    #     # Will yield :name and "can't be blank"
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add(:name, :not_specified, message: "must be specified")
+    #   person.errors.each do |attribute, message|
+    #     # Will yield :name and "can't be blank"
+    #     # then yield :name and "must be specified"
+    #   end
+    def each(&block)
+      if block.arity <= 1
+        @errors.each(&block)
+      else
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG)
+          Enumerating ActiveModel::Errors as a hash has been deprecated.
+          In Rails 6.1, `errors` is an array of Error objects,
+          therefore it should be accessed by a block with a single block
+          parameter like this:
+
+          person.errors.each do |error|
+            attribute = error.attribute
+            message = error.message
+          end
+
+          You are passing a block expecting two parameters,
+          so the old hash behavior is simulated. As this is deprecated,
+          this will result in an ArgumentError in Rails 6.2.
+        MSG
+        @errors.
+          sort { |a, b| a.attribute <=> b.attribute }.
+          each { |error| yield error.attribute, error.message }
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns all message values.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.messages # => {:name=>["cannot be nil", "must be specified"]}
+    #   person.errors.values   # => [["cannot be nil", "must be specified"]]
+    def values
+      deprecation_removal_warning(:values, "errors.map { |error| error.message }")
+      @errors.map(&:message).freeze
+    end
+
+    # Returns all message keys.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.messages # => {:name=>["cannot be nil", "must be specified"]}
+    #   person.errors.keys     # => [:name]
+    def keys
+      deprecation_removal_warning(:keys, "errors.attribute_names")
+      keys = @errors.map(&:attribute)
+      keys.uniq!
+      keys.freeze
+    end
+
+    # Returns all error attribute names
+    #
+    #   person.errors.messages        # => {:name=>["cannot be nil", "must be specified"]}
+    #   person.errors.attribute_names # => [:name]
+    def attribute_names
+      @errors.map(&:attribute).uniq.freeze
+    end
+
+    # Returns an xml formatted representation of the Errors hash.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add(:name, :blank, message: "can't be blank")
+    #   person.errors.add(:name, :not_specified, message: "must be specified")
+    #   person.errors.to_xml
+    #   # =>
+    #   #  <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>
+    #   #  <errors>
+    #   #    <error>name can't be blank</error>
+    #   #    <error>name must be specified</error>
+    #   #  </errors>
+    def to_xml(options = {})
+      deprecation_removal_warning(:to_xml)
+      to_a.to_xml({ root: "errors", skip_types: true }.merge!(options))
+    end
+
+    # Returns a Hash that can be used as the JSON representation for this
+    # object. You can pass the <tt>:full_messages</tt> option. This determines
+    # if the json object should contain full messages or not (false by default).
+    #
+    #   person.errors.as_json                      # => {:name=>["cannot be nil"]}
+    #   person.errors.as_json(full_messages: true) # => {:name=>["name cannot be nil"]}
+    def as_json(options = nil)
+      to_hash(options && options[:full_messages])
+    end
+
+    # Returns a Hash of attributes with their error messages. If +full_messages+
+    # is +true+, it will contain full messages (see +full_message+).
+    #
+    #   person.errors.to_hash       # => {:name=>["cannot be nil"]}
+    #   person.errors.to_hash(true) # => {:name=>["name cannot be nil"]}
+    def to_hash(full_messages = false)
+      message_method = full_messages ? :full_message : :message
+      group_by_attribute.transform_values do |errors|
+        errors.map(&message_method)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_h
+      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~EOM)
+        ActiveModel::Errors#to_h is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.2.
+        Please use `ActiveModel::Errors.to_hash` instead. The values in the hash
+        returned by `ActiveModel::Errors.to_hash` is an array of error messages.
+      EOM
+
+      to_hash.transform_values { |values| values.last }
+    end
+
+    # Returns a Hash of attributes with an array of their error messages.
+    #
+    # Updating this hash would still update errors state for backward
+    # compatibility, but this behavior is deprecated.
+    def messages
+      DeprecationHandlingMessageHash.new(self)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a Hash of attributes with an array of their error details.
+    #
+    # Updating this hash would still update errors state for backward
+    # compatibility, but this behavior is deprecated.
+    def details
+      hash = group_by_attribute.transform_values do |errors|
+        errors.map(&:details)
+      end
+      DeprecationHandlingDetailsHash.new(hash)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a Hash of attributes with an array of their Error objects.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.group_by_attribute
+    #   # => {:name=>[<#ActiveModel::Error>, <#ActiveModel::Error>]}
+    def group_by_attribute
+      @errors.group_by(&:attribute)
+    end
+
+    # Adds a new error of +type+ on +attribute+.
+    # More than one error can be added to the same +attribute+.
+    # If no +type+ is supplied, <tt>:invalid</tt> is assumed.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add(:name)
+    #   # Adds <#ActiveModel::Error attribute=name, type=invalid>
+    #   person.errors.add(:name, :not_implemented, message: "must be implemented")
+    #   # Adds <#ActiveModel::Error attribute=name, type=not_implemented,
+    #                               options={:message=>"must be implemented"}>
+    #
+    #   person.errors.messages
+    #   # => {:name=>["is invalid", "must be implemented"]}
+    #
+    # If +type+ is a string, it will be used as error message.
+    #
+    # If +type+ is a symbol, it will be translated using the appropriate
+    # scope (see +generate_message+).
+    #
+    # If +type+ is a proc, it will be called, allowing for things like
+    # <tt>Time.now</tt> to be used within an error.
+    #
+    # If the <tt>:strict</tt> option is set to +true+, it will raise
+    # ActiveModel::StrictValidationFailed instead of adding the error.
+    # <tt>:strict</tt> option can also be set to any other exception.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add(:name, :invalid, strict: true)
+    #   # => ActiveModel::StrictValidationFailed: Name is invalid
+    #   person.errors.add(:name, :invalid, strict: NameIsInvalid)
+    #   # => NameIsInvalid: Name is invalid
+    #
+    #   person.errors.messages # => {}
+    #
+    # +attribute+ should be set to <tt>:base</tt> if the error is not
+    # directly associated with a single attribute.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add(:base, :name_or_email_blank,
+    #     message: "either name or email must be present")
+    #   person.errors.messages
+    #   # => {:base=>["either name or email must be present"]}
+    #   person.errors.details
+    #   # => {:base=>[{error: :name_or_email_blank}]}
+    def add(attribute, type = :invalid, **options)
+      attribute, type, options = normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)
+      error = Error.new(@base, attribute, type, **options)
+
+      if exception = options[:strict]
+        exception = ActiveModel::StrictValidationFailed if exception == true
+        raise exception, error.full_message
+      end
+
+      @errors.append(error)
+
+      error
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if an error matches provided +attribute+ and +type+,
+    # or +false+ otherwise. +type+ is treated the same as for +add+.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add :name, :blank
+    #   person.errors.added? :name, :blank           # => true
+    #   person.errors.added? :name, "can't be blank" # => true
+    #
+    # If the error requires options, then it returns +true+ with
+    # the correct options, or +false+ with incorrect or missing options.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add :name, :too_long, { count: 25 }
+    #   person.errors.added? :name, :too_long, count: 25                     # => true
+    #   person.errors.added? :name, "is too long (maximum is 25 characters)" # => true
+    #   person.errors.added? :name, :too_long, count: 24                     # => false
+    #   person.errors.added? :name, :too_long                                # => false
+    #   person.errors.added? :name, "is too long"                            # => false
+    def added?(attribute, type = :invalid, options = {})
+      attribute, type, options = normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)
+
+      if type.is_a? Symbol
+        @errors.any? { |error|
+          error.strict_match?(attribute, type, **options)
+        }
+      else
+        messages_for(attribute).include?(type)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if an error on the attribute with the given type is
+    # present, or +false+ otherwise. +type+ is treated the same as for +add+.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.add :age
+    #   person.errors.add :name, :too_long, { count: 25 }
+    #   person.errors.of_kind? :age                                            # => true
+    #   person.errors.of_kind? :name                                           # => false
+    #   person.errors.of_kind? :name, :too_long                                # => true
+    #   person.errors.of_kind? :name, "is too long (maximum is 25 characters)" # => true
+    #   person.errors.of_kind? :name, :not_too_long                            # => false
+    #   person.errors.of_kind? :name, "is too long"                            # => false
+    def of_kind?(attribute, type = :invalid)
+      attribute, type = normalize_arguments(attribute, type)
+
+      if type.is_a? Symbol
+        !where(attribute, type).empty?
+      else
+        messages_for(attribute).include?(type)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns all the full error messages in an array.
+    #
+    #   class Person
+    #     validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
+    #     validates_length_of :name, in: 5..30
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   person = Person.create(address: '123 First St.')
+    #   person.errors.full_messages
+    #   # => ["Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "Name can't be blank", "Email can't be blank"]
+    def full_messages
+      @errors.map(&:full_message)
+    end
+    alias :to_a :full_messages
+
+    # Returns all the full error messages for a given attribute in an array.
+    #
+    #   class Person
+    #     validates_presence_of :name, :email
+    #     validates_length_of :name, in: 5..30
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   person = Person.create()
+    #   person.errors.full_messages_for(:name)
+    #   # => ["Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "Name can't be blank"]
+    def full_messages_for(attribute)
+      where(attribute).map(&:full_message).freeze
+    end
+
+    # Returns all the error messages for a given attribute in an array.
+    #
+    #   class Person
+    #     validates_presence_of :name, :email
+    #     validates_length_of :name, in: 5..30
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   person = Person.create()
+    #   person.errors.messages_for(:name)
+    #   # => ["is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "can't be blank"]
+    def messages_for(attribute)
+      where(attribute).map(&:message)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a full message for a given attribute.
+    #
+    #   person.errors.full_message(:name, 'is invalid') # => "Name is invalid"
+    def full_message(attribute, message)
+      Error.full_message(attribute, message, @base)
+    end
+
+    # Translates an error message in its default scope
+    # (<tt>activemodel.errors.messages</tt>).
+    #
+    # Error messages are first looked up in <tt>activemodel.errors.models.MODEL.attributes.ATTRIBUTE.MESSAGE</tt>,
+    # if it's not there, it's looked up in <tt>activemodel.errors.models.MODEL.MESSAGE</tt> and if
+    # that is not there also, it returns the translation of the default message
+    # (e.g. <tt>activemodel.errors.messages.MESSAGE</tt>). The translated model
+    # name, translated attribute name and the value are available for
+    # interpolation.
+    #
+    # When using inheritance in your models, it will check all the inherited
+    # models too, but only if the model itself hasn't been found. Say you have
+    # <tt>class Admin < User; end</tt> and you wanted the translation for
+    # the <tt>:blank</tt> error message for the <tt>title</tt> attribute,
+    # it looks for these translations:
+    #
+    # * <tt>activemodel.errors.models.admin.attributes.title.blank</tt>
+    # * <tt>activemodel.errors.models.admin.blank</tt>
+    # * <tt>activemodel.errors.models.user.attributes.title.blank</tt>
+    # * <tt>activemodel.errors.models.user.blank</tt>
+    # * any default you provided through the +options+ hash (in the <tt>activemodel.errors</tt> scope)
+    # * <tt>activemodel.errors.messages.blank</tt>
+    # * <tt>errors.attributes.title.blank</tt>
+    # * <tt>errors.messages.blank</tt>
+    def generate_message(attribute, type = :invalid, options = {})
+      Error.generate_message(attribute, type, @base, options)
+    end
+
+    def marshal_load(array) # :nodoc:
+      # Rails 5
+      @errors = []
+      @base = array[0]
+      add_from_legacy_details_hash(array[2])
+    end
+
+    def init_with(coder) # :nodoc:
+      data = coder.map
+
+      data.each { |k, v|
+        next if LEGACY_ATTRIBUTES.include?(k.to_sym)
+        instance_variable_set(:"@#{k}", v)
+      }
+
+      @errors ||= []
+
+      # Legacy support Rails 5.x details hash
+      add_from_legacy_details_hash(data["details"]) if data.key?("details")
+    end
+
+    private
+      def normalize_arguments(attribute, type, **options)
+        # Evaluate proc first
+        if type.respond_to?(:call)
+          type = type.call(@base, options)
+        end
+
+        [attribute.to_sym, type, options]
+      end
+
+      def add_from_legacy_details_hash(details)
+        details.each { |attribute, errors|
+          errors.each { |error|
+            type = error.delete(:error)
+            add(attribute, type, **error)
+          }
+        }
+      end
+
+      def deprecation_removal_warning(method_name, alternative_message = nil)
+        message = +"ActiveModel::Errors##{method_name} is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.2."
+        if alternative_message
+          message << "\n\nTo achieve the same use:\n\n  "
+          message << alternative_message
+        end
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(message)
+      end
+
+      def deprecation_rename_warning(old_method_name, new_method_name)
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("ActiveModel::Errors##{old_method_name} is deprecated. Please call ##{new_method_name} instead.")
+      end
+  end
+
+  class DeprecationHandlingMessageHash < SimpleDelegator
+    def initialize(errors)
+      @errors = errors
+      super(prepare_content)
+    end
+
+    def []=(attribute, value)
+      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("Calling `[]=` to an ActiveModel::Errors is deprecated. Please call `ActiveModel::Errors#add` instead.")
+
+      @errors.delete(attribute)
+      Array(value).each do |message|
+        @errors.add(attribute, message)
+      end
+
+      __setobj__ prepare_content
+    end
+
+    def delete(attribute)
+      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("Calling `delete` to an ActiveModel::Errors messages hash is deprecated. Please call `ActiveModel::Errors#delete` instead.")
+
+      @errors.delete(attribute)
+    end
+
+    private
+      def prepare_content
+        content = @errors.to_hash
+        content.each do |attribute, value|
+          content[attribute] = DeprecationHandlingMessageArray.new(value, @errors, attribute)
+        end
+        content.default_proc = proc do |hash, attribute|
+          hash = hash.dup
+          hash[attribute] = DeprecationHandlingMessageArray.new([], @errors, attribute)
+          __setobj__ hash.freeze
+          hash[attribute]
+        end
+        content.freeze
+      end
+  end
+
+  class DeprecationHandlingMessageArray < SimpleDelegator
+    def initialize(content, errors, attribute)
+      @errors = errors
+      @attribute = attribute
+      super(content.freeze)
+    end
+
+    def <<(message)
+      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("Calling `<<` to an ActiveModel::Errors message array in order to add an error is deprecated. Please call `ActiveModel::Errors#add` instead.")
+
+      @errors.add(@attribute, message)
+      __setobj__ @errors.messages_for(@attribute)
+      self
+    end
+
+    def clear
+      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("Calling `clear` to an ActiveModel::Errors message array in order to delete all errors is deprecated. Please call `ActiveModel::Errors#delete` instead.")
+
+      @errors.delete(@attribute)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DeprecationHandlingDetailsHash < SimpleDelegator
+    def initialize(details)
+      details.default = []
+      details.freeze
+      super(details)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Raised when a validation cannot be corrected by end users and are considered
+  # exceptional.
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include ActiveModel::Validations
+  #
+  #     attr_accessor :name
+  #
+  #     validates_presence_of :name, strict: true
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   person = Person.new
+  #   person.name = nil
+  #   person.valid?
+  #   # => ActiveModel::StrictValidationFailed: Name can't be blank
+  class StrictValidationFailed < StandardError
+  end
+
+  # Raised when attribute values are out of range.
+  class RangeError < ::RangeError
+  end
+
+  # Raised when unknown attributes are supplied via mass assignment.
+  #
+  #   class Person
+  #     include ActiveModel::AttributeAssignment
+  #     include ActiveModel::Validations
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   person = Person.new
+  #   person.assign_attributes(name: 'Gorby')
+  #   # => ActiveModel::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'name' for Person.
+  class UnknownAttributeError < NoMethodError
+    attr_reader :record, :attribute
+
+    def initialize(record, attribute)
+      @record = record
+      @attribute = attribute
+      super("unknown attribute '#{attribute}' for #{@record.class}.")
+    end
+  end
+end