rhodes 3.2.0.beta.4 → 3.2.0.beta.5

data/platform/shared/ruby/ext/socket_192/rubysocket.h

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+#ifndef RUBY_SOCKET_H
+#define RUBY_SOCKET_H 1
+
+#include "ruby/ruby.h"
+#include "ruby/io.h"
+#include "ruby/util.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UIO_H
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_XTI_H
+#include <xti.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#if defined(__BEOS__) && !defined(__HAIKU__) && !defined(BONE)
+# include <net/socket.h>
+#else
+# include <sys/socket.h>
+#endif
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_SYSTM_H
+# include <netinet/in_systm.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_TCP_H
+# include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_UDP_H
+# include <netinet/udp.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
+# include <arpa/inet.h>
+#endif
+#include <netdb.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UN_H
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_FCNTL)
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_IFADDRS_H
+#include <ifaddrs.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SOCKIO_H
+#include <sys/sockio.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_NET_IF_H
+#include <net/if.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UCRED_H
+#include <sys/ucred.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_UCRED_H
+#include <ucred.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EWOULDBLOCK
+#define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * workaround for NetBSD, OpenBSD and etc.
+ * The problem is since 4.4BSD-Lite.
+ * FreeBSD fix the problem at FreeBSD 2.2.0.
+ * NetBSD fix the problem at NetBSD 3.0 by kern/29624.
+ * OpenBSD fix the problem at OpenBSD 3.8.
+ */
+#define pseudo_AF_FTIP pseudo_AF_RTIP
+
+#ifndef HAVE_GETADDRINFO
+#include "addrinfo.h"
+#endif
+#include "sockport.h"
+
+#ifndef NI_MAXHOST
+# define NI_MAXHOST 1025
+#endif
+#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
+# define NI_MAXSERV 32
+#endif
+
+#ifdef AF_INET6
+# define IS_IP_FAMILY(af) ((af) == AF_INET || (af) == AF_INET6)
+#else
+# define IS_IP_FAMILY(af) ((af) == AF_INET)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_SOCKADDR_STORAGE
+/*
+ * RFC 2553: protocol-independent placeholder for socket addresses
+ */
+#define _SS_MAXSIZE     128
+#define _SS_ALIGNSIZE   (sizeof(double))
+#define _SS_PAD1SIZE    (_SS_ALIGNSIZE - sizeof(unsigned char) * 2)
+#define _SS_PAD2SIZE    (_SS_MAXSIZE - sizeof(unsigned char) * 2 - \
+                                _SS_PAD1SIZE - _SS_ALIGNSIZE)
+
+struct sockaddr_storage {
+#ifdef HAVE_SA_LEN
+        unsigned char ss_len;           /* address length */
+        unsigned char ss_family;        /* address family */
+#else
+        unsigned short ss_family;
+#endif
+        char    __ss_pad1[_SS_PAD1SIZE];
+        double  __ss_align;     /* force desired structure storage alignment */
+        char    __ss_pad2[_SS_PAD2SIZE];
+};
+#endif
+
+#if defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__
+/*
+ * CMSG_ macros are broken on 64bit darwin, because __DARWIN_ALIGN
+ * aligns up to __darwin_size_t which is 64bit, but CMSG_DATA is
+ * 32bit-aligned.
+ */
+#undef __DARWIN_ALIGNBYTES
+#define __DARWIN_ALIGNBYTES (sizeof(unsigned int) - 1)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_AIX)
+#ifndef CMSG_SPACE
+# define CMSG_SPACE(len) (_CMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)) + _CMSG_ALIGN(len))
+#endif
+#ifndef CMSG_LEN
+# define CMSG_LEN(len) (_CMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)) + (len))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __BEOS__
+#undef close
+#define close closesocket
+#endif
+
+#define INET_CLIENT 0
+#define INET_SERVER 1
+#define INET_SOCKS  2
+
+extern int rsock_do_not_reverse_lookup;
+#define FMODE_NOREVLOOKUP 0x100
+
+extern VALUE rb_cBasicSocket;
+extern VALUE rb_cIPSocket;
+extern VALUE rb_cTCPSocket;
+extern VALUE rb_cTCPServer;
+extern VALUE rb_cUDPSocket;
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UN_H
+extern VALUE rb_cUNIXSocket;
+extern VALUE rb_cUNIXServer;
+#endif
+extern VALUE rb_cSocket;
+extern VALUE rb_cAddrinfo;
+extern VALUE rb_cSockOpt;
+
+extern VALUE rb_eSocket;
+
+#ifdef SOCKS
+extern VALUE rb_cSOCKSSocket;
+#ifdef SOCKS5
+#include <socks.h>
+#else
+void SOCKSinit();
+int Rconnect();
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include "ruby/constdefs.h"
+
+#define BLOCKING_REGION(func, arg) (long)rb_thread_blocking_region((func), (arg), RUBY_UBF_IO, 0)
+
+#define SockAddrStringValue(v) rsock_sockaddr_string_value(&(v))
+#define SockAddrStringValuePtr(v) rsock_sockaddr_string_value_ptr(&(v))
+VALUE rsock_sockaddr_string_value(volatile VALUE *);
+char *rsock_sockaddr_string_value_ptr(volatile VALUE *);
+VALUE rb_check_sockaddr_string_type(VALUE);
+
+NORETURN(void rsock_raise_socket_error(const char *, int));
+
+int rsock_family_arg(VALUE domain);
+int rsock_socktype_arg(VALUE type);
+int rsock_level_arg(int family, VALUE level);
+int rsock_optname_arg(int family, int level, VALUE optname);
+int rsock_cmsg_type_arg(int family, int level, VALUE type);
+int rsock_shutdown_how_arg(VALUE how);
+
+int rsock_getfamily(int sockfd);
+
+int rb_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
+int rb_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, size_t hostlen, char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags);
+struct addrinfo *rsock_addrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, int socktype, int flags);
+struct addrinfo *rsock_getaddrinfo(VALUE host, VALUE port, struct addrinfo *hints, int socktype_hack);
+VALUE rsock_fd_socket_addrinfo(int fd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len);
+VALUE rsock_io_socket_addrinfo(VALUE io, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len);
+
+VALUE rsock_addrinfo_new(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len, int family, int socktype, int protocol, VALUE canonname, VALUE inspectname);
+
+VALUE rsock_make_ipaddr(struct sockaddr *addr);
+VALUE rsock_ipaddr(struct sockaddr *sockaddr, int norevlookup);
+VALUE rsock_make_hostent(VALUE host, struct addrinfo *addr, VALUE (*ipaddr)(struct sockaddr *, size_t));
+
+int rsock_revlookup_flag(VALUE revlookup, int *norevlookup);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UN_H
+const char* rsock_unixpath(struct sockaddr_un *sockaddr, socklen_t len);
+VALUE rsock_unixaddr(struct sockaddr_un *sockaddr, socklen_t len);
+#endif
+
+int rsock_socket(int domain, int type, int proto);
+VALUE rsock_init_sock(VALUE sock, int fd);
+VALUE rsock_sock_s_socketpair(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass);
+VALUE rsock_init_inetsock(VALUE sock, VALUE remote_host, VALUE remote_serv, VALUE local_host, VALUE local_serv, int type);
+VALUE rsock_init_unixsock(VALUE sock, VALUE path, int server);
+
+struct rsock_send_arg {
+    int fd, flags;
+    VALUE mesg;
+    struct sockaddr *to;
+    socklen_t tolen;
+};
+
+VALUE rsock_sendto_blocking(void *data);
+VALUE rsock_send_blocking(void *data);
+VALUE rsock_bsock_send(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock);
+
+enum sock_recv_type {
+    RECV_RECV,                  /* BasicSocket#recv(no from) */
+    RECV_IP,                    /* IPSocket#recvfrom */
+    RECV_UNIX,                  /* UNIXSocket#recvfrom */
+    RECV_SOCKET                 /* Socket#recvfrom */
+};
+
+VALUE rsock_s_recvfrom_nonblock(VALUE sock, int argc, VALUE *argv, enum sock_recv_type from);
+VALUE rsock_s_recvfrom(VALUE sock, int argc, VALUE *argv, enum sock_recv_type from);
+
+int rsock_connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sockaddr, int len, int socks);
+
+VALUE rsock_s_accept(VALUE klass, int fd, struct sockaddr *sockaddr, socklen_t *len);
+VALUE rsock_s_accept_nonblock(VALUE klass, rb_io_t *fptr, struct sockaddr *sockaddr, socklen_t *len);
+VALUE rsock_sock_listen(VALUE sock, VALUE log);
+
+VALUE rsock_sockopt_new(int family, int level, int optname, VALUE data);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SENDMSG)
+VALUE rsock_bsock_sendmsg(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock);
+VALUE rsock_bsock_sendmsg_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock);
+#else
+#define rsock_bsock_sendmsg rb_f_notimplement
+#define rsock_bsock_sendmsg_nonblock rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_RECVMSG)
+VALUE rsock_bsock_recvmsg(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock);
+VALUE rsock_bsock_recvmsg_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock);
+#else
+#define rsock_bsock_recvmsg rb_f_notimplement
+#define rsock_bsock_recvmsg_nonblock rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ST_MSG_CONTROL
+void rsock_discard_cmsg_resource(struct msghdr *mh);
+#endif
+
+void rsock_init_basicsocket(void);
+void rsock_init_ipsocket(void);
+void rsock_init_tcpsocket(void);
+void rsock_init_tcpserver(void);
+void rsock_init_sockssocket(void);
+void rsock_init_udpsocket(void);
+void rsock_init_unixsocket(void);
+void rsock_init_unixserver(void);
+void rsock_init_socket_constants(void);
+void rsock_init_ancdata(void);
+void rsock_init_addrinfo(void);
+void rsock_init_sockopt(void);
+void rsock_init_socket_init(void);
+
+#endif

data/platform/shared/ruby/ext/socket_192/socket.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1870 @@
+/************************************************
+
+  socket.c -
+
+  created at: Thu Mar 31 12:21:29 JST 1994
+
+  Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
+
+************************************************/
+
+#include "rubysocket.h"
+
+static void
+setup_domain_and_type(VALUE domain, int *dv, VALUE type, int *tv)
+{
+    *dv = rsock_family_arg(domain);
+    *tv = rsock_socktype_arg(type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.new(domain, socktype [, protocol]) => socket
+ *
+ * Creates a new socket object.
+ *
+ * _domain_ should be a communications domain such as: :INET, :INET6, :UNIX, etc.
+ *
+ * _socktype_ should be a socket type such as: :STREAM, :DGRAM, :RAW, etc.
+ *
+ * _protocol_ should be a protocol defined in the domain.
+ * This is optional.
+ * If it is not given, 0 is used internally.
+ *
+ *   Socket.new(:INET, :STREAM) # TCP socket
+ *   Socket.new(:INET, :DGRAM)  # UDP socket
+ *   Socket.new(:UNIX, :STREAM) # UNIX stream socket
+ *   Socket.new(:UNIX, :DGRAM)  # UNIX datagram socket
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock)
+{
+    VALUE domain, type, protocol;
+    int fd;
+    int d, t;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &domain, &type, &protocol);
+    if (NIL_P(protocol))
+        protocol = INT2FIX(0);
+
+    rb_secure(3);
+    setup_domain_and_type(domain, &d, type, &t);
+    fd = rsock_socket(d, t, NUM2INT(protocol));
+    if (fd < 0) rb_sys_fail("socket(2)");
+
+    return rsock_init_sock(sock, fd);
+}
+
+#if defined HAVE_SOCKETPAIR
+static VALUE
+io_call_close(VALUE io)
+{
+    return rb_funcall(io, rb_intern("close"), 0, 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+io_close(VALUE io)
+{
+    return rb_rescue(io_call_close, io, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+pair_yield(VALUE pair)
+{
+    return rb_ensure(rb_yield, pair, io_close, rb_ary_entry(pair, 1));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined HAVE_SOCKETPAIR
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.pair(domain, type, protocol)       => [socket1, socket2]
+ *   Socket.socketpair(domain, type, protocol) => [socket1, socket2]
+ *
+ * Creates a pair of sockets connected each other.
+ *
+ * _domain_ should be a communications domain such as: :INET, :INET6, :UNIX, etc.
+ *
+ * _socktype_ should be a socket type such as: :STREAM, :DGRAM, :RAW, etc.
+ *
+ * _protocol_ should be a protocol defined in the domain.
+ * 0 is default protocol for the domain.
+ *
+ *   s1, s2 = Socket.pair(:UNIX, :DGRAM, 0)
+ *   s1.send "a", 0
+ *   s1.send "b", 0
+ *   p s2.recv(10) #=> "a"
+ *   p s2.recv(10) #=> "b"
+ *
+ */
+VALUE
+rsock_sock_s_socketpair(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE domain, type, protocol;
+    int d, t, p, sp[2];
+    int ret;
+    VALUE s1, s2, r;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &domain, &type, &protocol);
+    if (NIL_P(protocol))
+        protocol = INT2FIX(0);
+
+    setup_domain_and_type(domain, &d, type, &t);
+    p = NUM2INT(protocol);
+    ret = socketpair(d, t, p, sp);
+    if (ret < 0 && (errno == EMFILE || errno == ENFILE)) {
+        rb_gc();
+        ret = socketpair(d, t, p, sp);
+    }
+    if (ret < 0) {
+	rb_sys_fail("socketpair(2)");
+    }
+
+    s1 = rsock_init_sock(rb_obj_alloc(klass), sp[0]);
+    s2 = rsock_init_sock(rb_obj_alloc(klass), sp[1]);
+    r = rb_assoc_new(s1, s2);
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        return rb_ensure(pair_yield, r, io_close, s1);
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+#else
+#define rsock_sock_s_socketpair rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * 	socket.connect(remote_sockaddr) => 0
+ *
+ * Requests a connection to be made on the given +remote_sockaddr+. Returns 0 if
+ * successful, otherwise an exception is raised.
+ *
+ * === Parameter
+ * * +remote_sockaddr+ - the +struct+ sockaddr contained in a string or Addrinfo object
+ *
+ * === Example:
+ * 	# Pull down Google's web page
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 80, 'www.google.com' )
+ * 	socket.connect( sockaddr )
+ * 	socket.write( "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n" )
+ * 	results = socket.read
+ *
+ * === Unix-based Exceptions
+ * On unix-based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if
+ * the call to _connect_ fails:
+ * * Errno::EACCES - search permission is denied for a component of the prefix
+ *   path or write access to the +socket+ is denied
+ * * Errno::EADDRINUSE - the _sockaddr_ is already in use
+ * * Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the specified _sockaddr_ is not available from the
+ *   local machine
+ * * Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT - the specified _sockaddr_ is not a valid address for
+ *   the address family of the specified +socket+
+ * * Errno::EALREADY - a connection is already in progress for the specified
+ *   socket
+ * * Errno::EBADF - the +socket+ is not a valid file descriptor
+ * * Errno::ECONNREFUSED - the target _sockaddr_ was not listening for connections
+ *   refused the connection request
+ * * Errno::ECONNRESET - the remote host reset the connection request
+ * * Errno::EFAULT - the _sockaddr_ cannot be accessed
+ * * Errno::EHOSTUNREACH - the destination host cannot be reached (probably
+ *   because the host is down or a remote router cannot reach it)
+ * * Errno::EINPROGRESS - the O_NONBLOCK is set for the +socket+ and the
+ *   connection cannot be immediately established; the connection will be
+ *   established asynchronously
+ * * Errno::EINTR - the attempt to establish the connection was interrupted by
+ *   delivery of a signal that was caught; the connection will be established
+ *   asynchronously
+ * * Errno::EISCONN - the specified +socket+ is already connected
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the address length used for the _sockaddr_ is not a valid
+ *   length for the address family or there is an invalid family in _sockaddr_
+ * * Errno::ENAMETOOLONG - the pathname resolved had a length which exceeded
+ *   PATH_MAX
+ * * Errno::ENETDOWN - the local interface used to reach the destination is down
+ * * Errno::ENETUNREACH - no route to the network is present
+ * * Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
+ * * Errno::ENOSR - there were insufficient STREAMS resources available to
+ *   complete the operation
+ * * Errno::ENOTSOCK - the +socket+ argument does not refer to a socket
+ * * Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the calling +socket+ is listening and cannot be connected
+ * * Errno::EPROTOTYPE - the _sockaddr_ has a different type than the socket
+ *   bound to the specified peer address
+ * * Errno::ETIMEDOUT - the attempt to connect time out before a connection
+ *   was made.
+ *
+ * On unix-based systems if the address family of the calling +socket+ is
+ * AF_UNIX the follow exceptions may be raised if the call to _connect_
+ * fails:
+ * * Errno::EIO - an i/o error occurred while reading from or writing to the
+ *   file system
+ * * Errno::ELOOP - too many symbolic links were encountered in translating
+ *   the pathname in _sockaddr_
+ * * Errno::ENAMETOOLLONG - a component of a pathname exceeded NAME_MAX
+ *   characters, or an entire pathname exceeded PATH_MAX characters
+ * * Errno::ENOENT - a component of the pathname does not name an existing file
+ *   or the pathname is an empty string
+ * * Errno::ENOTDIR - a component of the path prefix of the pathname in _sockaddr_
+ *   is not a directory
+ *
+ * === Windows Exceptions
+ * On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if
+ * the call to _connect_ fails:
+ * * Errno::ENETDOWN - the network is down
+ * * Errno::EADDRINUSE - the socket's local address is already in use
+ * * Errno::EINTR - the socket was cancelled
+ * * Errno::EINPROGRESS - a blocking socket is in progress or the service provider
+ *   is still processing a callback function. Or a nonblocking connect call is
+ *   in progress on the +socket+.
+ * * Errno::EALREADY - see Errno::EINVAL
+ * * Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the remote address is not a valid address, such as
+ *   ADDR_ANY TODO check ADDRANY TO INADDR_ANY
+ * * Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT - addresses in the specified family cannot be used with
+ *   with this +socket+
+ * * Errno::ECONNREFUSED - the target _sockaddr_ was not listening for connections
+ *   refused the connection request
+ * * Errno::EFAULT - the socket's internal address or address length parameter
+ *   is too small or is not a valid part of the user space address
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the +socket+ is a listening socket
+ * * Errno::EISCONN - the +socket+ is already connected
+ * * Errno::ENETUNREACH - the network cannot be reached from this host at this time
+ * * Errno::EHOSTUNREACH - no route to the network is present
+ * * Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
+ * * Errno::ENOTSOCK - the +socket+ argument does not refer to a socket
+ * * Errno::ETIMEDOUT - the attempt to connect time out before a connection
+ *   was made.
+ * * Errno::EWOULDBLOCK - the socket is marked as nonblocking and the
+ *   connection cannot be completed immediately
+ * * Errno::EACCES - the attempt to connect the datagram socket to the
+ *   broadcast address failed
+ *
+ * === See
+ * * connect manual pages on unix-based systems
+ * * connect function in Microsoft's Winsock functions reference
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_connect(VALUE sock, VALUE addr)
+{
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    int fd, n;
+
+    SockAddrStringValue(addr);
+    addr = rb_str_new4(addr);
+    GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
+    fd = fptr->fd;
+    n = rsock_connect(fd, (struct sockaddr*)RSTRING_PTR(addr), RSTRING_LENINT(addr), 0);
+    if (n < 0) {
+	rb_sys_fail("connect(2)");
+    }
+
+    return INT2FIX(n);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * 	socket.connect_nonblock(remote_sockaddr) => 0
+ *
+ * Requests a connection to be made on the given +remote_sockaddr+ after
+ * O_NONBLOCK is set for the underlying file descriptor.
+ * Returns 0 if successful, otherwise an exception is raised.
+ *
+ * === Parameter
+ * * +remote_sockaddr+ - the +struct+ sockaddr contained in a string or Addrinfo object
+ *
+ * === Example:
+ * 	# Pull down Google's web page
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_in(80, 'www.google.com')
+ * 	begin # emulate blocking connect
+ * 	  socket.connect_nonblock(sockaddr)
+ * 	rescue IO::WaitWritable
+ * 	  IO.select(nil, [socket]) # wait 3-way handshake completion
+ * 	  begin
+ * 	    socket.connect_nonblock(sockaddr) # check connection failure
+ * 	  rescue Errno::EISCONN
+ * 	  end
+ * 	end
+ * 	socket.write("GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
+ * 	results = socket.read
+ *
+ * Refer to Socket#connect for the exceptions that may be thrown if the call
+ * to _connect_nonblock_ fails.
+ *
+ * Socket#connect_nonblock may raise any error corresponding to connect(2) failure,
+ * including Errno::EINPROGRESS.
+ *
+ * If the exception is Errno::EINPROGRESS,
+ * it is extended by IO::WaitWritable.
+ * So IO::WaitWritable can be used to rescue the exceptions for retrying connect_nonblock.
+ *
+ * === See
+ * * Socket#connect
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_connect_nonblock(VALUE sock, VALUE addr)
+{
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    int n;
+
+    SockAddrStringValue(addr);
+    addr = rb_str_new4(addr);
+    GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
+    rb_io_set_nonblock(fptr);
+    n = connect(fptr->fd, (struct sockaddr*)RSTRING_PTR(addr), RSTRING_LENINT(addr));
+    if (n < 0) {
+        if (errno == EINPROGRESS)
+            rb_mod_sys_fail(rb_mWaitWritable, "connect(2) would block");
+	rb_sys_fail("connect(2)");
+    }
+
+    return INT2FIX(n);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * 	socket.bind(local_sockaddr) => 0
+ *
+ * Binds to the given local address.
+ *
+ * === Parameter
+ * * +local_sockaddr+ - the +struct+ sockaddr contained in a string or an Addrinfo object
+ *
+ * === Example
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ *
+ * 	# use Addrinfo
+ * 	socket = Socket.new(:INET, :STREAM, 0)
+ * 	socket.bind(Addrinfo.tcp("127.0.0.1", 2222))
+ * 	p socket.local_address #=> #<Addrinfo: 127.0.0.1:2222 TCP>
+ *
+ * 	# use struct sockaddr
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
+ * 	socket.bind( sockaddr )
+ *
+ * === Unix-based Exceptions
+ * On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if
+ * the call to _bind_ fails:
+ * * Errno::EACCES - the specified _sockaddr_ is protected and the current
+ *   user does not have permission to bind to it
+ * * Errno::EADDRINUSE - the specified _sockaddr_ is already in use
+ * * Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the specified _sockaddr_ is not available from the
+ *   local machine
+ * * Errno::EAFNOSUPPORT - the specified _sockaddr_ is not a valid address for
+ *   the family of the calling +socket+
+ * * Errno::EBADF - the _sockaddr_ specified is not a valid file descriptor
+ * * Errno::EFAULT - the _sockaddr_ argument cannot be accessed
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the +socket+ is already bound to an address, and the
+ *   protocol does not support binding to the new _sockaddr_ or the +socket+
+ *   has been shut down.
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the address length is not a valid length for the address
+ *   family
+ * * Errno::ENAMETOOLONG - the pathname resolved had a length which exceeded
+ *   PATH_MAX
+ * * Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
+ * * Errno::ENOSR - there were insufficient STREAMS resources available to
+ *   complete the operation
+ * * Errno::ENOTSOCK - the +socket+ does not refer to a socket
+ * * Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the socket type of the +socket+ does not support
+ *   binding to an address
+ *
+ * On unix-based based systems if the address family of the calling +socket+ is
+ * Socket::AF_UNIX the follow exceptions may be raised if the call to _bind_
+ * fails:
+ * * Errno::EACCES - search permission is denied for a component of the prefix
+ *   path or write access to the +socket+ is denied
+ * * Errno::EDESTADDRREQ - the _sockaddr_ argument is a null pointer
+ * * Errno::EISDIR - same as Errno::EDESTADDRREQ
+ * * Errno::EIO - an i/o error occurred
+ * * Errno::ELOOP - too many symbolic links were encountered in translating
+ *   the pathname in _sockaddr_
+ * * Errno::ENAMETOOLLONG - a component of a pathname exceeded NAME_MAX
+ *   characters, or an entire pathname exceeded PATH_MAX characters
+ * * Errno::ENOENT - a component of the pathname does not name an existing file
+ *   or the pathname is an empty string
+ * * Errno::ENOTDIR - a component of the path prefix of the pathname in _sockaddr_
+ *   is not a directory
+ * * Errno::EROFS - the name would reside on a read only filesystem
+ *
+ * === Windows Exceptions
+ * On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if
+ * the call to _bind_ fails:
+ * * Errno::ENETDOWN-- the network is down
+ * * Errno::EACCES - the attempt to connect the datagram socket to the
+ *   broadcast address failed
+ * * Errno::EADDRINUSE - the socket's local address is already in use
+ * * Errno::EADDRNOTAVAIL - the specified address is not a valid address for this
+ *   computer
+ * * Errno::EFAULT - the socket's internal address or address length parameter
+ *   is too small or is not a valid part of the user space addressed
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the +socket+ is already bound to an address
+ * * Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
+ * * Errno::ENOTSOCK - the +socket+ argument does not refer to a socket
+ *
+ * === See
+ * * bind manual pages on unix-based systems
+ * * bind function in Microsoft's Winsock functions reference
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_bind(VALUE sock, VALUE addr)
+{
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+
+    SockAddrStringValue(addr);
+    GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
+    if (bind(fptr->fd, (struct sockaddr*)RSTRING_PTR(addr), RSTRING_LENINT(addr)) < 0)
+	rb_sys_fail("bind(2)");
+
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * 	socket.listen( int ) => 0
+ *
+ * Listens for connections, using the specified +int+ as the backlog. A call
+ * to _listen_ only applies if the +socket+ is of type SOCK_STREAM or
+ * SOCK_SEQPACKET.
+ *
+ * === Parameter
+ * * +backlog+ - the maximum length of the queue for pending connections.
+ *
+ * === Example 1
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
+ * 	socket.bind( sockaddr )
+ * 	socket.listen( 5 )
+ *
+ * === Example 2 (listening on an arbitrary port, unix-based systems only):
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
+ * 	socket.listen( 1 )
+ *
+ * === Unix-based Exceptions
+ * On unix based systems the above will work because a new +sockaddr+ struct
+ * is created on the address ADDR_ANY, for an arbitrary port number as handed
+ * off by the kernel. It will not work on Windows, because Windows requires that
+ * the +socket+ is bound by calling _bind_ before it can _listen_.
+ *
+ * If the _backlog_ amount exceeds the implementation-dependent maximum
+ * queue length, the implementation's maximum queue length will be used.
+ *
+ * On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the
+ * call to _listen_ fails:
+ * * Errno::EBADF - the _socket_ argument is not a valid file descriptor
+ * * Errno::EDESTADDRREQ - the _socket_ is not bound to a local address, and
+ *   the protocol does not support listening on an unbound socket
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the _socket_ is already connected
+ * * Errno::ENOTSOCK - the _socket_ argument does not refer to a socket
+ * * Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the _socket_ protocol does not support listen
+ * * Errno::EACCES - the calling process does not have appropriate privileges
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the _socket_ has been shut down
+ * * Errno::ENOBUFS - insufficient resources are available in the system to
+ *   complete the call
+ *
+ * === Windows Exceptions
+ * On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if
+ * the call to _listen_ fails:
+ * * Errno::ENETDOWN - the network is down
+ * * Errno::EADDRINUSE - the socket's local address is already in use. This
+ *   usually occurs during the execution of _bind_ but could be delayed
+ *   if the call to _bind_ was to a partially wildcard address (involving
+ *   ADDR_ANY) and if a specific address needs to be committed at the
+ *   time of the call to _listen_
+ * * Errno::EINPROGRESS - a Windows Sockets 1.1 call is in progress or the
+ *   service provider is still processing a callback function
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the +socket+ has not been bound with a call to _bind_.
+ * * Errno::EISCONN - the +socket+ is already connected
+ * * Errno::EMFILE - no more socket descriptors are available
+ * * Errno::ENOBUFS - no buffer space is available
+ * * Errno::ENOTSOC - +socket+ is not a socket
+ * * Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the referenced +socket+ is not a type that supports
+ *   the _listen_ method
+ *
+ * === See
+ * * listen manual pages on unix-based systems
+ * * listen function in Microsoft's Winsock functions reference
+ */
+VALUE
+rsock_sock_listen(VALUE sock, VALUE log)
+{
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    int backlog;
+
+    rb_secure(4);
+    backlog = NUM2INT(log);
+    GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
+    if (listen(fptr->fd, backlog) < 0)
+	rb_sys_fail("listen(2)");
+
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * 	socket.recvfrom(maxlen) => [mesg, sender_addrinfo]
+ * 	socket.recvfrom(maxlen, flags) => [mesg, sender_addrinfo]
+ *
+ * Receives up to _maxlen_ bytes from +socket+. _flags_ is zero or more
+ * of the +MSG_+ options. The first element of the results, _mesg_, is the data
+ * received. The second element, _sender_addrinfo_, contains protocol-specific
+ * address information of the sender.
+ *
+ * === Parameters
+ * * +maxlen+ - the maximum number of bytes to receive from the socket
+ * * +flags+ - zero or more of the +MSG_+ options
+ *
+ * === Example
+ * 	# In one file, start this first
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
+ * 	socket.bind( sockaddr )
+ * 	socket.listen( 5 )
+ * 	client, client_addrinfo = socket.accept
+ * 	data = client.recvfrom( 20 )[0].chomp
+ * 	puts "I only received 20 bytes '#{data}'"
+ * 	sleep 1
+ * 	socket.close
+ *
+ * 	# In another file, start this second
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
+ * 	socket.connect( sockaddr )
+ * 	socket.puts "Watch this get cut short!"
+ * 	socket.close
+ *
+ * === Unix-based Exceptions
+ * On unix-based based systems the following system exceptions may be raised if the
+ * call to _recvfrom_ fails:
+ * * Errno::EAGAIN - the +socket+ file descriptor is marked as O_NONBLOCK and no
+ *   data is waiting to be received; or MSG_OOB is set and no out-of-band data
+ *   is available and either the +socket+ file descriptor is marked as
+ *   O_NONBLOCK or the +socket+ does not support blocking to wait for
+ *   out-of-band-data
+ * * Errno::EWOULDBLOCK - see Errno::EAGAIN
+ * * Errno::EBADF - the +socket+ is not a valid file descriptor
+ * * Errno::ECONNRESET - a connection was forcibly closed by a peer
+ * * Errno::EFAULT - the socket's internal buffer, address or address length
+ *   cannot be accessed or written
+ * * Errno::EINTR - a signal interrupted _recvfrom_ before any data was available
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - the MSG_OOB flag is set and no out-of-band data is available
+ * * Errno::EIO - an i/o error occurred while reading from or writing to the
+ *   filesystem
+ * * Errno::ENOBUFS - insufficient resources were available in the system to
+ *   perform the operation
+ * * Errno::ENOMEM - insufficient memory was available to fulfill the request
+ * * Errno::ENOSR - there were insufficient STREAMS resources available to
+ *   complete the operation
+ * * Errno::ENOTCONN - a receive is attempted on a connection-mode socket that
+ *   is not connected
+ * * Errno::ENOTSOCK - the +socket+ does not refer to a socket
+ * * Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - the specified flags are not supported for this socket type
+ * * Errno::ETIMEDOUT - the connection timed out during connection establishment
+ *   or due to a transmission timeout on an active connection
+ *
+ * === Windows Exceptions
+ * On Windows systems the following system exceptions may be raised if
+ * the call to _recvfrom_ fails:
+ * * Errno::ENETDOWN - the network is down
+ * * Errno::EFAULT - the internal buffer and from parameters on +socket+ are not
+ *   part of the user address space, or the internal fromlen parameter is
+ *   too small to accommodate the peer address
+ * * Errno::EINTR - the (blocking) call was cancelled by an internal call to
+ *   the WinSock function WSACancelBlockingCall
+ * * Errno::EINPROGRESS - a blocking Windows Sockets 1.1 call is in progress or
+ *   the service provider is still processing a callback function
+ * * Errno::EINVAL - +socket+ has not been bound with a call to _bind_, or an
+ *   unknown flag was specified, or MSG_OOB was specified for a socket with
+ *   SO_OOBINLINE enabled, or (for byte stream-style sockets only) the internal
+ *   len parameter on +socket+ was zero or negative
+ * * Errno::EISCONN - +socket+ is already connected. The call to _recvfrom_ is
+ *   not permitted with a connected socket on a socket that is connection
+ *   oriented or connectionless.
+ * * Errno::ENETRESET - the connection has been broken due to the keep-alive
+ *   activity detecting a failure while the operation was in progress.
+ * * Errno::EOPNOTSUPP - MSG_OOB was specified, but +socket+ is not stream-style
+ *   such as type SOCK_STREAM. OOB data is not supported in the communication
+ *   domain associated with +socket+, or +socket+ is unidirectional and
+ *   supports only send operations
+ * * Errno::ESHUTDOWN - +socket+ has been shutdown. It is not possible to
+ *   call _recvfrom_ on a socket after _shutdown_ has been invoked.
+ * * Errno::EWOULDBLOCK - +socket+ is marked as nonblocking and a  call to
+ *   _recvfrom_ would block.
+ * * Errno::EMSGSIZE - the message was too large to fit into the specified buffer
+ *   and was truncated.
+ * * Errno::ETIMEDOUT - the connection has been dropped, because of a network
+ *   failure or because the system on the other end went down without
+ *   notice
+ * * Errno::ECONNRESET - the virtual circuit was reset by the remote side
+ *   executing a hard or abortive close. The application should close the
+ *   socket; it is no longer usable. On a UDP-datagram socket this error
+ *   indicates a previous send operation resulted in an ICMP Port Unreachable
+ *   message.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_recvfrom(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock)
+{
+    return rsock_s_recvfrom(sock, argc, argv, RECV_SOCKET);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * 	socket.recvfrom_nonblock(maxlen) => [mesg, sender_addrinfo]
+ * 	socket.recvfrom_nonblock(maxlen, flags) => [mesg, sender_addrinfo]
+ *
+ * Receives up to _maxlen_ bytes from +socket+ using recvfrom(2) after
+ * O_NONBLOCK is set for the underlying file descriptor.
+ * _flags_ is zero or more of the +MSG_+ options.
+ * The first element of the results, _mesg_, is the data received.
+ * The second element, _sender_addrinfo_, contains protocol-specific address
+ * information of the sender.
+ *
+ * When recvfrom(2) returns 0, Socket#recvfrom_nonblock returns
+ * an empty string as data.
+ * The meaning depends on the socket: EOF on TCP, empty packet on UDP, etc.
+ *
+ * === Parameters
+ * * +maxlen+ - the maximum number of bytes to receive from the socket
+ * * +flags+ - zero or more of the +MSG_+ options
+ *
+ * === Example
+ * 	# In one file, start this first
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_in(2200, 'localhost')
+ * 	socket.bind(sockaddr)
+ * 	socket.listen(5)
+ * 	client, client_addrinfo = socket.accept
+ * 	begin # emulate blocking recvfrom
+ * 	  pair = client.recvfrom_nonblock(20)
+ * 	rescue IO::WaitReadable
+ * 	  IO.select([client])
+ * 	  retry
+ * 	end
+ * 	data = pair[0].chomp
+ * 	puts "I only received 20 bytes '#{data}'"
+ * 	sleep 1
+ * 	socket.close
+ *
+ * 	# In another file, start this second
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_in(2200, 'localhost')
+ * 	socket.connect(sockaddr)
+ * 	socket.puts "Watch this get cut short!"
+ * 	socket.close
+ *
+ * Refer to Socket#recvfrom for the exceptions that may be thrown if the call
+ * to _recvfrom_nonblock_ fails.
+ *
+ * Socket#recvfrom_nonblock may raise any error corresponding to recvfrom(2) failure,
+ * including Errno::EWOULDBLOCK.
+ *
+ * If the exception is Errno::EWOULDBLOCK or Errno::AGAIN,
+ * it is extended by IO::WaitReadable.
+ * So IO::WaitReadable can be used to rescue the exceptions for retrying recvfrom_nonblock.
+ *
+ * === See
+ * * Socket#recvfrom
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_recvfrom_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE sock)
+{
+    return rsock_s_recvfrom_nonblock(sock, argc, argv, RECV_SOCKET);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   socket.accept => [client_socket, client_addrinfo]
+ *
+ * Accepts a next connection.
+ * Returns a new Socket object and Addrinfo object.
+ *
+ *   serv = Socket.new(:INET, :STREAM, 0)
+ *   serv.listen(5)
+ *   c = Socket.new(:INET, :STREAM, 0)
+ *   c.connect(serv.connect_address)
+ *   p serv.accept #=> [#<Socket:fd 6>, #<Addrinfo: 127.0.0.1:48555 TCP>]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_accept(VALUE sock)
+{
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    VALUE sock2;
+    struct sockaddr_storage buf;
+    socklen_t len = (socklen_t)sizeof buf;
+
+    GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
+    sock2 = rsock_s_accept(rb_cSocket,fptr->fd,(struct sockaddr*)&buf,&len);
+
+    return rb_assoc_new(sock2, rsock_io_socket_addrinfo(sock2, (struct sockaddr*)&buf, len));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * 	socket.accept_nonblock => [client_socket, client_addrinfo]
+ *
+ * Accepts an incoming connection using accept(2) after
+ * O_NONBLOCK is set for the underlying file descriptor.
+ * It returns an array containing the accepted socket
+ * for the incoming connection, _client_socket_,
+ * and an Addrinfo, _client_addrinfo_.
+ *
+ * === Example
+ * 	# In one script, start this first
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_in(2200, 'localhost')
+ * 	socket.bind(sockaddr)
+ * 	socket.listen(5)
+ * 	begin # emulate blocking accept
+ * 	  client_socket, client_addrinfo = socket.accept_nonblock
+ * 	rescue IO::WaitReadable, Errno::EINTR
+ * 	  IO.select([socket])
+ * 	  retry
+ * 	end
+ * 	puts "The client said, '#{client_socket.readline.chomp}'"
+ * 	client_socket.puts "Hello from script one!"
+ * 	socket.close
+ *
+ * 	# In another script, start this second
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_in(2200, 'localhost')
+ * 	socket.connect(sockaddr)
+ * 	socket.puts "Hello from script 2."
+ * 	puts "The server said, '#{socket.readline.chomp}'"
+ * 	socket.close
+ *
+ * Refer to Socket#accept for the exceptions that may be thrown if the call
+ * to _accept_nonblock_ fails.
+ *
+ * Socket#accept_nonblock may raise any error corresponding to accept(2) failure,
+ * including Errno::EWOULDBLOCK.
+ *
+ * If the exception is Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, Errno::AGAIN, Errno::ECONNABORTED or Errno::EPROTO,
+ * it is extended by IO::WaitReadable.
+ * So IO::WaitReadable can be used to rescue the exceptions for retrying accept_nonblock.
+ *
+ * === See
+ * * Socket#accept
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_accept_nonblock(VALUE sock)
+{
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    VALUE sock2;
+    struct sockaddr_storage buf;
+    socklen_t len = (socklen_t)sizeof buf;
+
+    GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
+    sock2 = rsock_s_accept_nonblock(rb_cSocket, fptr, (struct sockaddr *)&buf, &len);
+    return rb_assoc_new(sock2, rsock_io_socket_addrinfo(sock2, (struct sockaddr*)&buf, len));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ * 	socket.sysaccept => [client_socket_fd, client_addrinfo]
+ *
+ * Accepts an incoming connection returning an array containing the (integer)
+ * file descriptor for the incoming connection, _client_socket_fd_,
+ * and an Addrinfo, _client_addrinfo_.
+ *
+ * === Example
+ * 	# In one script, start this first
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
+ * 	socket.bind( sockaddr )
+ * 	socket.listen( 5 )
+ * 	client_fd, client_addrinfo = socket.sysaccept
+ * 	client_socket = Socket.for_fd( client_fd )
+ * 	puts "The client said, '#{client_socket.readline.chomp}'"
+ * 	client_socket.puts "Hello from script one!"
+ * 	socket.close
+ *
+ * 	# In another script, start this second
+ * 	require 'socket'
+ * 	include Socket::Constants
+ * 	socket = Socket.new( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 )
+ * 	sockaddr = Socket.pack_sockaddr_in( 2200, 'localhost' )
+ * 	socket.connect( sockaddr )
+ * 	socket.puts "Hello from script 2."
+ * 	puts "The server said, '#{socket.readline.chomp}'"
+ * 	socket.close
+ *
+ * Refer to Socket#accept for the exceptions that may be thrown if the call
+ * to _sysaccept_ fails.
+ *
+ * === See
+ * * Socket#accept
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_sysaccept(VALUE sock)
+{
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    VALUE sock2;
+    struct sockaddr_storage buf;
+    socklen_t len = (socklen_t)sizeof buf;
+
+    GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
+    sock2 = rsock_s_accept(0,fptr->fd,(struct sockaddr*)&buf,&len);
+
+    return rb_assoc_new(sock2, rsock_io_socket_addrinfo(sock2, (struct sockaddr*)&buf, len));
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTNAME
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.gethostname => hostname
+ *
+ * Returns the hostname.
+ *
+ *   p Socket.gethostname #=> "hal"
+ *
+ * Note that it is not guaranteed to be able to convert to IP address using gethostbyname, getaddrinfo, etc.
+ * If you need local IP address, use Socket.ip_address_list.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_gethostname(VALUE obj)
+{
+#ifndef HOST_NAME_MAX
+#  define HOST_NAME_MAX 1024
+#endif
+    char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX+1];
+
+    rb_secure(3);
+    if (gethostname(buf, (int)sizeof buf - 1) < 0)
+	rb_sys_fail("gethostname");
+
+    buf[sizeof buf - 1] = '\0';
+    return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+#else
+#ifdef HAVE_UNAME
+
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+
+static VALUE
+sock_gethostname(VALUE obj)
+{
+    struct utsname un;
+
+    rb_secure(3);
+    uname(&un);
+    return rb_str_new2(un.nodename);
+}
+#else
+#define sock_gethostname rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
+#endif
+
+static VALUE
+make_addrinfo(struct addrinfo *res0, int norevlookup)
+{
+    VALUE base, ary;
+    struct addrinfo *res;
+
+    if (res0 == NULL) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eSocket, "host not found");
+    }
+    base = rb_ary_new();
+    for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) {
+	ary = rsock_ipaddr(res->ai_addr, norevlookup);
+	if (res->ai_canonname) {
+	    RARRAY_PTR(ary)[2] = rb_str_new2(res->ai_canonname);
+	}
+	rb_ary_push(ary, INT2FIX(res->ai_family));
+	rb_ary_push(ary, INT2FIX(res->ai_socktype));
+	rb_ary_push(ary, INT2FIX(res->ai_protocol));
+	rb_ary_push(base, ary);
+    }
+    return base;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+sock_sockaddr(struct sockaddr *addr, size_t len)
+{
+    char *ptr;
+
+    switch (addr->sa_family) {
+      case AF_INET:
+	ptr = (char*)&((struct sockaddr_in*)addr)->sin_addr.s_addr;
+	len = sizeof(((struct sockaddr_in*)addr)->sin_addr.s_addr);
+	break;
+#ifdef AF_INET6
+      case AF_INET6:
+	ptr = (char*)&((struct sockaddr_in6*)addr)->sin6_addr.s6_addr;
+	len = sizeof(((struct sockaddr_in6*)addr)->sin6_addr.s6_addr);
+	break;
+#endif
+      default:
+        rb_raise(rb_eSocket, "unknown socket family:%d", addr->sa_family);
+	break;
+    }
+    return rb_str_new(ptr, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.gethostbyname(hostname) => [official_hostname, alias_hostnames, address_family, *address_list]
+ *
+ * Obtains the host information for _hostname_.
+ *
+ *   p Socket.gethostbyname("hal") #=> ["localhost", ["hal"], 2, "\x7F\x00\x00\x01"]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_gethostbyname(VALUE obj, VALUE host)
+{
+    rb_secure(3);
+    return rsock_make_hostent(host, rsock_addrinfo(host, Qnil, SOCK_STREAM, AI_CANONNAME), sock_sockaddr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.gethostbyaddr(address_string [, address_family]) => hostent
+ *
+ * Obtains the host information for _address_.
+ *
+ *   p Socket.gethostbyaddr([221,186,184,68].pack("CCCC"))
+ *   #=> ["carbon.ruby-lang.org", [], 2, "\xDD\xBA\xB8D"]
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_gethostbyaddr(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+    VALUE addr, family;
+    struct hostent *h;
+    struct sockaddr *sa;
+    char **pch;
+    VALUE ary, names;
+    int t = AF_INET;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &addr, &family);
+    sa = (struct sockaddr*)StringValuePtr(addr);
+    if (!NIL_P(family)) {
+	t = rsock_family_arg(family);
+    }
+#ifdef AF_INET6
+    else if (RSTRING_LEN(addr) == 16) {
+	t = AF_INET6;
+    }
+#endif
+    h = gethostbyaddr(RSTRING_PTR(addr), RSTRING_LENINT(addr), t);
+    if (h == NULL) {
+#ifdef HAVE_HSTRERROR
+	extern int h_errno;
+	rb_raise(rb_eSocket, "%s", (char*)hstrerror(h_errno));
+#else
+	rb_raise(rb_eSocket, "host not found");
+#endif
+    }
+    ary = rb_ary_new();
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(h->h_name));
+    names = rb_ary_new();
+    rb_ary_push(ary, names);
+    if (h->h_aliases != NULL) {
+	for (pch = h->h_aliases; *pch; pch++) {
+	    rb_ary_push(names, rb_str_new2(*pch));
+	}
+    }
+    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(h->h_addrtype));
+#ifdef h_addr
+    for (pch = h->h_addr_list; *pch; pch++) {
+	rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new(*pch, h->h_length));
+    }
+#else
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new(h->h_addr, h->h_length));
+#endif
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.getservbyname(service_name)                => port_number
+ *   Socket.getservbyname(service_name, protocol_name) => port_number
+ *
+ * Obtains the port number for _service_name_.
+ *
+ * If _protocol_name_ is not given, "tcp" is assumed.
+ *
+ *   Socket.getservbyname("smtp")          #=> 25
+ *   Socket.getservbyname("shell")         #=> 514
+ *   Socket.getservbyname("syslog", "udp") #=> 514
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_getservbyname(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+    VALUE service, proto;
+    struct servent *sp;
+    long port;
+    const char *servicename, *protoname = "tcp";
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &service, &proto);
+    StringValue(service);
+    if (!NIL_P(proto)) StringValue(proto);
+    servicename = StringValueCStr(service);
+    if (!NIL_P(proto)) protoname = StringValueCStr(proto);
+    sp = getservbyname(servicename, protoname);
+    if (sp) {
+	port = ntohs(sp->s_port);
+    }
+    else {
+	char *end;
+
+	port = STRTOUL(servicename, &end, 0);
+	if (*end != '\0') {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eSocket, "no such service %s/%s", servicename, protoname);
+	}
+    }
+    return INT2FIX(port);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.getservbyport(port [, protocol_name]) => service
+ *
+ * Obtains the port number for _port_.
+ *
+ * If _protocol_name_ is not given, "tcp" is assumed.
+ *
+ *   Socket.getservbyport(80)         #=> "www"
+ *   Socket.getservbyport(514, "tcp") #=> "shell"
+ *   Socket.getservbyport(514, "udp") #=> "syslog"
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_getservbyport(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+    VALUE port, proto;
+    struct servent *sp;
+    long portnum;
+    const char *protoname = "tcp";
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &port, &proto);
+    portnum = NUM2LONG(port);
+    if (portnum != (uint16_t)portnum) {
+	const char *s = portnum > 0 ? "big" : "small";
+	rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "integer %ld too %s to convert into `int16_t'", portnum, s);
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(proto)) protoname = StringValueCStr(proto);
+
+    sp = getservbyport((int)htons((uint16_t)portnum), protoname);
+    if (!sp) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eSocket, "no such service for port %d/%s", (int)portnum, protoname);
+    }
+    return rb_tainted_str_new2(sp->s_name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.getaddrinfo(nodename, servname[, family[, socktype[, protocol[, flags[, reverse_lookup]]]]]) => array
+ *
+ * Obtains address information for _nodename_:_servname_.
+ *
+ * _family_ should be an address family such as: :INET, :INET6, :UNIX, etc.
+ *
+ * _socktype_ should be a socket type such as: :STREAM, :DGRAM, :RAW, etc.
+ *
+ * _protocol_ should be a protocol defined in the family.
+ * 0 is default protocol for the family.
+ *
+ * _flags_ should be bitwise OR of Socket::AI_* constants.
+ *
+ *   Socket.getaddrinfo("www.ruby-lang.org", "http", nil, :STREAM)
+ *   #=> [["AF_INET", 80, "carbon.ruby-lang.org", "221.186.184.68", 2, 1, 6]] # PF_INET/SOCK_STREAM/IPPROTO_TCP
+ *
+ *   Socket.getaddrinfo("localhost", nil)
+ *   #=> [["AF_INET", 0, "localhost", "127.0.0.1", 2, 1, 6],  # PF_INET/SOCK_STREAM/IPPROTO_TCP
+ *   #    ["AF_INET", 0, "localhost", "127.0.0.1", 2, 2, 17], # PF_INET/SOCK_DGRAM/IPPROTO_UDP
+ *   #    ["AF_INET", 0, "localhost", "127.0.0.1", 2, 3, 0]]  # PF_INET/SOCK_RAW/IPPROTO_IP
+ *
+ * _reverse_lookup_ directs the form of the third element, and has to
+ * be one of below.
+ * If it is ommitted, the default value is +nil+.
+ *
+ *   +true+, +:hostname+:  hostname is obtained from numeric address using reverse lookup, which may take a time.
+ *   +false+, +:numeric+:  hostname is same as numeric address.
+ *   +nil+:              obey to the current +do_not_reverse_lookup+ flag.
+ *
+ * If Addrinfo object is preferred, use Addrinfo.getaddrinfo.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_getaddrinfo(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+    VALUE host, port, family, socktype, protocol, flags, ret, revlookup;
+    struct addrinfo hints, *res;
+    int norevlookup;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "25", &host, &port, &family, &socktype, &protocol, &flags, &revlookup);
+
+    MEMZERO(&hints, struct addrinfo, 1);
+    hints.ai_family = NIL_P(family) ? PF_UNSPEC : rsock_family_arg(family);
+
+    if (!NIL_P(socktype)) {
+	hints.ai_socktype = rsock_socktype_arg(socktype);
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(protocol)) {
+	hints.ai_protocol = NUM2INT(protocol);
+    }
+    if (!NIL_P(flags)) {
+	hints.ai_flags = NUM2INT(flags);
+    }
+    if (NIL_P(revlookup) || !rsock_revlookup_flag(revlookup, &norevlookup)) {
+	norevlookup = rsock_do_not_reverse_lookup;
+    }
+    res = rsock_getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, 0);
+
+    ret = make_addrinfo(res, norevlookup);
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.getnameinfo(sockaddr [, flags]) => [hostname, servicename]
+ *
+ * Obtains name information for _sockaddr_.
+ *
+ * _sockaddr_ should be one of follows.
+ * - packed sockaddr string such as Socket.sockaddr_in(80, "127.0.0.1")
+ * - 3-elements array such as ["AF_INET", 80, "127.0.0.1"]
+ * - 4-elements array such as ["AF_INET", 80, ignored, "127.0.0.1"]
+ *
+ * _flags_ should be bitwise OR of Socket::NI_* constants.
+ *
+ * Note that the last form is compatible with IPSocket#{addr,peeraddr}.
+ *
+ *   Socket.getnameinfo(Socket.sockaddr_in(80, "127.0.0.1"))       #=> ["localhost", "www"]
+ *   Socket.getnameinfo(["AF_INET", 80, "127.0.0.1"])              #=> ["localhost", "www"]
+ *   Socket.getnameinfo(["AF_INET", 80, "localhost", "127.0.0.1"]) #=> ["localhost", "www"]
+ *
+ * If Addrinfo object is preferred, use Addrinfo#getnameinfo.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_getnameinfo(int argc, VALUE *argv)
+{
+    VALUE sa, af = Qnil, host = Qnil, port = Qnil, flags, tmp;
+    char *hptr, *pptr;
+    char hbuf[1024], pbuf[1024];
+    int fl;
+    struct addrinfo hints, *res = NULL, *r;
+    int error;
+    struct sockaddr_storage ss;
+    struct sockaddr *sap;
+
+    sa = flags = Qnil;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &sa, &flags);
+
+    fl = 0;
+    if (!NIL_P(flags)) {
+	fl = NUM2INT(flags);
+    }
+    tmp = rb_check_sockaddr_string_type(sa);
+    if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
+	sa = tmp;
+	if (sizeof(ss) < (size_t)RSTRING_LEN(sa)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "sockaddr length too big");
+	}
+	memcpy(&ss, RSTRING_PTR(sa), RSTRING_LEN(sa));
+	if ((size_t)RSTRING_LEN(sa) != SS_LEN(&ss)) {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "sockaddr size differs - should not happen");
+	}
+	sap = (struct sockaddr*)&ss;
+	goto call_nameinfo;
+    }
+    tmp = rb_check_array_type(sa);
+    if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
+	sa = tmp;
+	MEMZERO(&hints, struct addrinfo, 1);
+	if (RARRAY_LEN(sa) == 3) {
+	    af = RARRAY_PTR(sa)[0];
+	    port = RARRAY_PTR(sa)[1];
+	    host = RARRAY_PTR(sa)[2];
+	}
+	else if (RARRAY_LEN(sa) >= 4) {
+	    af = RARRAY_PTR(sa)[0];
+	    port = RARRAY_PTR(sa)[1];
+	    host = RARRAY_PTR(sa)[3];
+	    if (NIL_P(host)) {
+		host = RARRAY_PTR(sa)[2];
+	    }
+	    else {
+		/*
+		 * 4th element holds numeric form, don't resolve.
+		 * see rsock_ipaddr().
+		 */
+#ifdef AI_NUMERICHOST /* AIX 4.3.3 doesn't have AI_NUMERICHOST. */
+		hints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
+#endif
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "array size should be 3 or 4, %ld given",
+		     RARRAY_LEN(sa));
+	}
+	/* host */
+	if (NIL_P(host)) {
+	    hptr = NULL;
+	}
+	else {
+	    strncpy(hbuf, StringValuePtr(host), sizeof(hbuf));
+	    hbuf[sizeof(hbuf) - 1] = '\0';
+	    hptr = hbuf;
+	}
+	/* port */
+	if (NIL_P(port)) {
+	    strcpy(pbuf, "0");
+	    pptr = NULL;
+	}
+	else if (FIXNUM_P(port)) {
+	    snprintf(pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), "%ld", NUM2LONG(port));
+	    pptr = pbuf;
+	}
+	else {
+	    strncpy(pbuf, StringValuePtr(port), sizeof(pbuf));
+	    pbuf[sizeof(pbuf) - 1] = '\0';
+	    pptr = pbuf;
+	}
+	hints.ai_socktype = (fl & NI_DGRAM) ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
+	/* af */
+        hints.ai_family = NIL_P(af) ? PF_UNSPEC : rsock_family_arg(af);
+	error = rb_getaddrinfo(hptr, pptr, &hints, &res);
+	if (error) goto error_exit_addr;
+	sap = res->ai_addr;
+    }
+    else {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "expecting String or Array");
+    }
+
+  call_nameinfo:
+    error = rb_getnameinfo(sap, SA_LEN(sap), hbuf, sizeof(hbuf),
+			   pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), fl);
+    if (error) goto error_exit_name;
+    if (res) {
+	for (r = res->ai_next; r; r = r->ai_next) {
+	    char hbuf2[1024], pbuf2[1024];
+
+	    sap = r->ai_addr;
+	    error = rb_getnameinfo(sap, SA_LEN(sap), hbuf2, sizeof(hbuf2),
+				   pbuf2, sizeof(pbuf2), fl);
+	    if (error) goto error_exit_name;
+	    if (strcmp(hbuf, hbuf2) != 0|| strcmp(pbuf, pbuf2) != 0) {
+		freeaddrinfo(res);
+		rb_raise(rb_eSocket, "sockaddr resolved to multiple nodename");
+	    }
+	}
+	freeaddrinfo(res);
+    }
+    return rb_assoc_new(rb_str_new2(hbuf), rb_str_new2(pbuf));
+
+  error_exit_addr:
+    if (res) freeaddrinfo(res);
+    rsock_raise_socket_error("getaddrinfo", error);
+
+  error_exit_name:
+    if (res) freeaddrinfo(res);
+    rsock_raise_socket_error("getnameinfo", error);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.sockaddr_in(port, host)      => sockaddr
+ *   Socket.pack_sockaddr_in(port, host) => sockaddr
+ *
+ * Packs _port_ and _host_ as an AF_INET/AF_INET6 sockaddr string.
+ *
+ *   Socket.sockaddr_in(80, "127.0.0.1")
+ *   #=> "\x02\x00\x00P\x7F\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+ *
+ *   Socket.sockaddr_in(80, "::1")
+ *   #=> "\n\x00\x00P\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_pack_sockaddr_in(VALUE self, VALUE port, VALUE host)
+{
+    struct addrinfo *res = rsock_addrinfo(host, port, 0, 0);
+    VALUE addr = rb_str_new((char*)res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
+
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
+    OBJ_INFECT(addr, port);
+    OBJ_INFECT(addr, host);
+
+    return addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.unpack_sockaddr_in(sockaddr) => [port, ip_address]
+ *
+ * Unpacks _sockaddr_ into port and ip_address.
+ *
+ * _sockaddr_ should be a string or an addrinfo for AF_INET/AF_INET6.
+ *
+ *   sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_in(80, "127.0.0.1")
+ *   p sockaddr #=> "\x02\x00\x00P\x7F\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+ *   p Socket.unpack_sockaddr_in(sockaddr) #=> [80, "127.0.0.1"]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_unpack_sockaddr_in(VALUE self, VALUE addr)
+{
+    struct sockaddr_in * sockaddr;
+    VALUE host;
+
+    sockaddr = (struct sockaddr_in*)SockAddrStringValuePtr(addr);
+    if (RSTRING_LEN(addr) <
+        (char*)&((struct sockaddr *)sockaddr)->sa_family +
+        sizeof(((struct sockaddr *)sockaddr)->sa_family) -
+        (char*)sockaddr)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too short sockaddr");
+    if (((struct sockaddr *)sockaddr)->sa_family != AF_INET
+#ifdef INET6
+        && ((struct sockaddr *)sockaddr)->sa_family != AF_INET6
+#endif
+        ) {
+#ifdef INET6
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "not an AF_INET/AF_INET6 sockaddr");
+#else
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "not an AF_INET sockaddr");
+#endif
+    }
+    host = rsock_make_ipaddr((struct sockaddr*)sockaddr);
+    OBJ_INFECT(host, addr);
+    return rb_assoc_new(INT2NUM(ntohs(sockaddr->sin_port)), host);
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UN_H
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.sockaddr_un(path)      => sockaddr
+ *   Socket.pack_sockaddr_un(path) => sockaddr
+ *
+ * Packs _path_ as an AF_UNIX sockaddr string.
+ *
+ *   Socket.sockaddr_un("/tmp/sock") #=> "\x01\x00/tmp/sock\x00\x00..."
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_pack_sockaddr_un(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+    struct sockaddr_un sockaddr;
+    char *sun_path;
+    VALUE addr;
+
+    MEMZERO(&sockaddr, struct sockaddr_un, 1);
+    sockaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+    sun_path = StringValueCStr(path);
+    if (sizeof(sockaddr.sun_path) <= strlen(sun_path)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too long unix socket path (max: %dbytes)",
+            (int)sizeof(sockaddr.sun_path)-1);
+    }
+    strncpy(sockaddr.sun_path, sun_path, sizeof(sockaddr.sun_path)-1);
+    addr = rb_str_new((char*)&sockaddr, sizeof(sockaddr));
+    OBJ_INFECT(addr, path);
+
+    return addr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.unpack_sockaddr_un(sockaddr) => path
+ *
+ * Unpacks _sockaddr_ into path.
+ *
+ * _sockaddr_ should be a string or an addrinfo for AF_UNIX.
+ *
+ *   sockaddr = Socket.sockaddr_un("/tmp/sock")
+ *   p Socket.unpack_sockaddr_un(sockaddr) #=> "/tmp/sock"
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+sock_s_unpack_sockaddr_un(VALUE self, VALUE addr)
+{
+    struct sockaddr_un * sockaddr;
+    const char *sun_path;
+    VALUE path;
+
+    sockaddr = (struct sockaddr_un*)SockAddrStringValuePtr(addr);
+    if (RSTRING_LEN(addr) <
+        (char*)&((struct sockaddr *)sockaddr)->sa_family +
+        sizeof(((struct sockaddr *)sockaddr)->sa_family) -
+        (char*)sockaddr)
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too short sockaddr");
+    if (((struct sockaddr *)sockaddr)->sa_family != AF_UNIX) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "not an AF_UNIX sockaddr");
+    }
+    if (sizeof(struct sockaddr_un) < (size_t)RSTRING_LEN(addr)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "too long sockaddr_un - %ld longer than %d",
+		 RSTRING_LEN(addr), (int)sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
+    }
+    sun_path = rsock_unixpath(sockaddr, RSTRING_LENINT(addr));
+    if (sizeof(struct sockaddr_un) == RSTRING_LEN(addr) &&
+        sun_path == sockaddr->sun_path &&
+        sun_path + strlen(sun_path) == RSTRING_PTR(addr) + RSTRING_LEN(addr)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "sockaddr_un.sun_path not NUL terminated");
+    }
+    path = rb_str_new2(sun_path);
+    OBJ_INFECT(path, addr);
+    return path;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_GETIFADDRS) || defined(SIOCGLIFCONF) || defined(SIOCGIFCONF) || defined(_WIN32)
+static VALUE
+sockaddr_obj(struct sockaddr *addr)
+{
+    socklen_t len;
+#if defined(AF_INET6) && defined(__KAME__)
+    struct sockaddr_in6 addr6;
+#endif
+
+    if (addr == NULL)
+        return Qnil;
+
+    switch (addr->sa_family) {
+      case AF_INET:
+        len = (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+        break;
+
+#ifdef AF_INET6
+      case AF_INET6:
+        len = (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
+#  ifdef __KAME__
+	/* KAME uses the 2nd 16bit word of link local IPv6 address as interface index internally */
+        /* http://orange.kame.net/dev/cvsweb.cgi/kame/IMPLEMENTATION */
+	/* convert fe80:1::1 to fe80::1%1 */
+	memcpy(&addr6, addr, len);
+	addr = (struct sockaddr *)&addr6;
+	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&addr6.sin6_addr) &&
+	    addr6.sin6_scope_id == 0 &&
+	    (addr6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] || addr6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[3])) {
+	    addr6.sin6_scope_id = (addr6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] << 8) | addr6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[3];
+	    addr6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] = 0;
+	    addr6.sin6_addr.s6_addr[3] = 0;
+	}
+#  endif
+        break;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UN_H
+      case AF_UNIX:
+        len = (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
+        break;
+#endif
+
+      default:
+        len = (socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+        break;
+    }
+#ifdef SA_LEN
+    if (len < (socklen_t)SA_LEN(addr))
+	len = (socklen_t)SA_LEN(addr);
+#endif
+
+    return rsock_addrinfo_new(addr, len, addr->sa_family, 0, 0, Qnil, Qnil);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_GETIFADDRS) || (defined(SIOCGLIFCONF) && defined(SIOCGLIFNUM) && !defined(__hpux)) || defined(SIOCGIFCONF) ||  defined(_WIN32)
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *   Socket.ip_address_list => array
+ *
+ * Returns local IP addresses as an array.
+ *
+ * The array contains Addrinfo objects.
+ *
+ *  pp Socket.ip_address_list
+ *  #=> [#<Addrinfo: 127.0.0.1>,
+ *       #<Addrinfo: 192.168.0.128>,
+ *       #<Addrinfo: ::1>,
+ *       ...]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+socket_s_ip_address_list(VALUE self)
+{
+#if defined(HAVE_GETIFADDRS)
+    struct ifaddrs *ifp = NULL;
+    struct ifaddrs *p;
+    int ret;
+    VALUE list;
+
+    ret = getifaddrs(&ifp);
+    if (ret == -1) {
+        rb_sys_fail("getifaddrs");
+    }
+
+    list = rb_ary_new();
+    for (p = ifp; p; p = p->ifa_next) {
+        if (p->ifa_addr != NULL && IS_IP_FAMILY(p->ifa_addr->sa_family)) {
+            rb_ary_push(list, sockaddr_obj(p->ifa_addr));
+        }
+    }
+
+    freeifaddrs(ifp);
+
+    return list;
+#elif defined(SIOCGLIFCONF) && defined(SIOCGLIFNUM) && !defined(__hpux)
+    /* Solaris if_tcp(7P) */
+    /* HP-UX has SIOCGLIFCONF too.  But it uses different struct */
+    int fd = -1;
+    int ret;
+    struct lifnum ln;
+    struct lifconf lc;
+    char *reason = NULL;
+    int save_errno;
+    int i;
+    VALUE list = Qnil;
+
+    lc.lifc_buf = NULL;
+
+    fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+    if (fd == -1)
+        rb_sys_fail("socket");
+
+    memset(&ln, 0, sizeof(ln));
+    ln.lifn_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+
+    ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCGLIFNUM, &ln);
+    if (ret == -1) {
+	reason = "SIOCGLIFNUM";
+	goto finish;
+    }
+
+    memset(&lc, 0, sizeof(lc));
+    lc.lifc_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+    lc.lifc_flags = 0;
+    lc.lifc_len = sizeof(struct lifreq) * ln.lifn_count;
+    lc.lifc_req = xmalloc(lc.lifc_len);
+
+    ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCGLIFCONF, &lc);
+    if (ret == -1) {
+	reason = "SIOCGLIFCONF";
+	goto finish;
+    }
+
+    list = rb_ary_new();
+    for (i = 0; i < ln.lifn_count; i++) {
+	struct lifreq *req = &lc.lifc_req[i];
+        if (IS_IP_FAMILY(req->lifr_addr.ss_family)) {
+            if (req->lifr_addr.ss_family == AF_INET6 &&
+                IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(&req->lifr_addr))->sin6_addr) &&
+                ((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(&req->lifr_addr))->sin6_scope_id == 0) {
+                struct lifreq req2;
+                memcpy(req2.lifr_name, req->lifr_name, LIFNAMSIZ);
+                ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCGLIFINDEX, &req2);
+                if (ret == -1) {
+                    reason = "SIOCGLIFINDEX";
+                    goto finish;
+                }
+                ((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(&req->lifr_addr))->sin6_scope_id = req2.lifr_index;
+            }
+            rb_ary_push(list, sockaddr_obj((struct sockaddr *)&req->lifr_addr));
+        }
+    }
+
+  finish:
+    save_errno = errno;
+    if (lc.lifc_buf != NULL)
+	xfree(lc.lifc_req);
+    if (fd != -1)
+	close(fd);
+    errno = save_errno;
+
+    if (reason)
+	rb_sys_fail(reason);
+    return list;
+
+#elif defined(SIOCGIFCONF)
+    int fd = -1;
+    int ret;
+#define EXTRA_SPACE (sizeof(struct ifconf) + sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage))
+    char initbuf[4096+EXTRA_SPACE];
+    char *buf = initbuf;
+    int bufsize;
+    struct ifconf conf;
+    struct ifreq *req;
+    VALUE list = Qnil;
+    const char *reason = NULL;
+    int save_errno;
+
+    fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+    if (fd == -1)
+        rb_sys_fail("socket");
+
+    bufsize = sizeof(initbuf);
+    buf = initbuf;
+
+  retry:
+    conf.ifc_len = bufsize;
+    conf.ifc_req = (struct ifreq *)buf;
+
+    /* fprintf(stderr, "bufsize: %d\n", bufsize); */
+
+    ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFCONF, &conf);
+    if (ret == -1) {
+        reason = "SIOCGIFCONF";
+        goto finish;
+    }
+
+    /* fprintf(stderr, "conf.ifc_len: %d\n", conf.ifc_len); */
+
+    if (bufsize - EXTRA_SPACE < conf.ifc_len) {
+	if (bufsize < conf.ifc_len) {
+	    /* NetBSD returns required size for all interfaces. */
+	    bufsize = conf.ifc_len + EXTRA_SPACE;
+	}
+	else {
+	    bufsize = bufsize << 1;
+	}
+	if (buf == initbuf)
+	    buf = NULL;
+	buf = xrealloc(buf, bufsize);
+	goto retry;
+    }
+
+    close(fd);
+    fd = -1;
+
+    list = rb_ary_new();
+    req = conf.ifc_req;
+    while ((char*)req < (char*)conf.ifc_req + conf.ifc_len) {
+	struct sockaddr *addr = &req->ifr_addr;
+        if (IS_IP_FAMILY(addr->sa_family)) {
+	    rb_ary_push(list, sockaddr_obj(addr));
+	}
+#ifdef HAVE_SA_LEN
+# ifndef _SIZEOF_ADDR_IFREQ
+#  define _SIZEOF_ADDR_IFREQ(r) \
+          (sizeof(struct ifreq) + \
+           (sizeof(struct sockaddr) < (r).ifr_addr.sa_len ? \
+            (r).ifr_addr.sa_len - sizeof(struct sockaddr) : \
+            0))
+# endif
+	req = (struct ifreq *)((char*)req + _SIZEOF_ADDR_IFREQ(*req));
+#else
+	req = (struct ifreq *)((char*)req + sizeof(struct ifreq));
+#endif
+    }
+
+  finish:
+
+    save_errno = errno;
+    if (buf != initbuf)
+        xfree(buf);
+    if (fd != -1)
+	close(fd);
+    errno = save_errno;
+
+    if (reason)
+	rb_sys_fail(reason);
+    return list;
+
+#undef EXTRA_SPACE
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+    typedef struct ip_adapter_unicast_address_st {
+	unsigned LONG_LONG dummy0;
+	struct ip_adapter_unicast_address_st *Next;
+	struct {
+	    struct sockaddr *lpSockaddr;
+	    int iSockaddrLength;
+	} Address;
+	int dummy1;
+	int dummy2;
+	int dummy3;
+	long dummy4;
+	long dummy5;
+	long dummy6;
+    } ip_adapter_unicast_address_t;
+    typedef struct ip_adapter_anycast_address_st {
+	unsigned LONG_LONG dummy0;
+	struct ip_adapter_anycast_address_st *Next;
+	struct {
+	    struct sockaddr *lpSockaddr;
+	    int iSockaddrLength;
+	} Address;
+    } ip_adapter_anycast_address_t;
+    typedef struct ip_adapter_addresses_st {
+	unsigned LONG_LONG dummy0;
+	struct ip_adapter_addresses_st *Next;
+	void *dummy1;
+	ip_adapter_unicast_address_t *FirstUnicastAddress;
+	ip_adapter_anycast_address_t *FirstAnycastAddress;
+	void *dummy2;
+	void *dummy3;
+	void *dummy4;
+	void *dummy5;
+	void *dummy6;
+	BYTE dummy7[8];
+	DWORD dummy8;
+	DWORD dummy9;
+	DWORD dummy10;
+	DWORD IfType;
+	int OperStatus;
+	DWORD dummy12;
+	DWORD dummy13[16];
+	void *dummy14;
+    } ip_adapter_addresses_t;
+    typedef ULONG (WINAPI *GetAdaptersAddresses_t)(ULONG, ULONG, PVOID, ip_adapter_addresses_t *, PULONG);
+    HMODULE h;
+    GetAdaptersAddresses_t pGetAdaptersAddresses;
+    ULONG len;
+    DWORD ret;
+    ip_adapter_addresses_t *adapters;
+    VALUE list;
+
+    h = LoadLibrary("iphlpapi.dll");
+    if (!h)
+	rb_notimplement();
+    pGetAdaptersAddresses = (GetAdaptersAddresses_t)GetProcAddress(h, "GetAdaptersAddresses");
+    if (!pGetAdaptersAddresses) {
+	FreeLibrary(h);
+	rb_notimplement();
+    }
+
+    ret = pGetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, NULL, &len);
+    if (ret != ERROR_SUCCESS && ret != ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
+	errno = rb_w32_map_errno(ret);
+	FreeLibrary(h);
+	rb_sys_fail("GetAdaptersAddresses");
+    }
+    adapters = (ip_adapter_addresses_t *)ALLOCA_N(BYTE, len);
+    ret = pGetAdaptersAddresses(AF_UNSPEC, 0, NULL, adapters, &len);
+    if (ret != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+	errno = rb_w32_map_errno(ret);
+	FreeLibrary(h);
+	rb_sys_fail("GetAdaptersAddresses");
+    }
+
+    list = rb_ary_new();
+    for (; adapters; adapters = adapters->Next) {
+	ip_adapter_unicast_address_t *uni;
+	ip_adapter_anycast_address_t *any;
+	if (adapters->OperStatus != 1)	/* 1 means IfOperStatusUp */
+	    continue;
+	for (uni = adapters->FirstUnicastAddress; uni; uni = uni->Next) {
+#ifndef INET6
+	    if (uni->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family == AF_INET)
+#else
+	    if (IS_IP_FAMILY(uni->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family))
+#endif
+		rb_ary_push(list, sockaddr_obj(uni->Address.lpSockaddr));
+	}
+	for (any = adapters->FirstAnycastAddress; any; any = any->Next) {
+#ifndef INET6
+	    if (any->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family == AF_INET)
+#else
+	    if (IS_IP_FAMILY(any->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family))
+#endif
+		rb_ary_push(list, sockaddr_obj(any->Address.lpSockaddr));
+	}
+    }
+
+    FreeLibrary(h);
+    return list;
+#endif
+}
+#else
+#define socket_s_ip_address_list rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: ::Socket < BasicSocket
+ *
+ * Class +Socket+ provides access to the underlying operating system
+ * socket implementations. It can be used to provide more operating system
+ * specific functionality than the protocol-specific socket classes.
+ *
+ * The constants defined under Socket::Constants are also defined under Socket.
+ * For example, Socket::AF_INET is usable as well as Socket::Constants::AF_INET.
+ * See Socket::Constants for the list of constants.
+ *
+ * === Exception Handling
+ * Ruby's implementation of +Socket+ causes an exception to be raised
+ * based on the error generated by the system dependent implementation.
+ * This is why the methods are documented in a way that isolate
+ * Unix-based system exceptions from Windows based exceptions. If more
+ * information on particular exception is needed please refer to the
+ * Unix manual pages or the Windows WinSock reference.
+ *
+ * === Convenient methods
+ *
+ * Although the general way to create socket is Socket.new,
+ * there are several methods for socket creation for most cases.
+ *
+ * * TCP client socket: Socket.tcp, TCPSocket.open
+ * * TCP server socket: Socket.tcp_server_loop, TCPServer.open
+ * * UNIX client socket: Socket.unix, UNIXSocket.open
+ * * UNIX server socket: Socket.unix_server_loop, UNIXServer.open
+ *
+ * === Documentation by
+ * * Zach Dennis
+ * * Sam Roberts
+ * * <em>Programming Ruby</em> from The Pragmatic Bookshelf.
+ *
+ * Much material in this documentation is taken with permission from
+ * <em>Programming Ruby</em> from The Pragmatic Bookshelf.
+ */
+void
+Init_socket()
+{
+    rsock_init_basicsocket();
+
+    rb_cSocket = rb_define_class("Socket", rb_cBasicSocket);
+
+    rsock_init_socket_init();
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "initialize", sock_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "connect", sock_connect, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "connect_nonblock", sock_connect_nonblock, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "bind", sock_bind, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "listen", rsock_sock_listen, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "accept", sock_accept, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "accept_nonblock", sock_accept_nonblock, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "sysaccept", sock_sysaccept, 0);
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "recvfrom", sock_recvfrom, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cSocket, "recvfrom_nonblock", sock_recvfrom_nonblock, -1);
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "socketpair", rsock_sock_s_socketpair, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "pair", rsock_sock_s_socketpair, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "gethostname", sock_gethostname, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "gethostbyname", sock_s_gethostbyname, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "gethostbyaddr", sock_s_gethostbyaddr, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "getservbyname", sock_s_getservbyname, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "getservbyport", sock_s_getservbyport, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "getaddrinfo", sock_s_getaddrinfo, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "getnameinfo", sock_s_getnameinfo, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "sockaddr_in", sock_s_pack_sockaddr_in, 2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "pack_sockaddr_in", sock_s_pack_sockaddr_in, 2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "unpack_sockaddr_in", sock_s_unpack_sockaddr_in, 1);
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UN_H
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "sockaddr_un", sock_s_pack_sockaddr_un, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "pack_sockaddr_un", sock_s_pack_sockaddr_un, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "unpack_sockaddr_un", sock_s_unpack_sockaddr_un, 1);
+#endif
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cSocket, "ip_address_list", socket_s_ip_address_list, 0);
+}