rhodes 0.3.0 → 1.0.0

data/lib/date.rb

@@ -1,1792 +0,0 @@
-#
-# date.rb - date and time library
-#
-# Author: Tadayoshi Funaba 1998-2007
-#
-# Documentation: William Webber <william@williamwebber.com>
-#
-#--
-# $Id: date.rb,v 2.33 2007-12-22 14:41:34+09 tadf Exp $
-#++
-#
-# == Overview
-#
-# This file provides two classes for working with
-# dates and times.
-#
-# The first class, Date, represents dates.
-# It works with years, months, weeks, and days.
-# See the Date class documentation for more details.
-#
-# The second, DateTime, extends Date to include hours,
-# minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second.  It
-# provides basic support for time zones.  See the
-# DateTime class documentation for more details.
-#
-# === Ways of calculating the date.
-#
-# In common usage, the date is reckoned in years since or
-# before the Common Era (CE/BCE, also known as AD/BC), then
-# as a month and day-of-the-month within the current year.
-# This is known as the *Civil* *Date*, and abbreviated
-# as +civil+ in the Date class.
-#
-# Instead of year, month-of-the-year,  and day-of-the-month,
-# the date can also be reckoned in terms of year and
-# day-of-the-year.  This is known as the *Ordinal* *Date*,
-# and is abbreviated as +ordinal+ in the Date class.  (Note
-# that referring to this as the Julian date is incorrect.)
-#
-# The date can also be reckoned in terms of year, week-of-the-year,
-# and day-of-the-week.  This is known as the *Commercial*
-# *Date*, and is abbreviated as +commercial+ in the
-# Date class.  The commercial week runs Monday (day-of-the-week
-# 1) to Sunday (day-of-the-week 7), in contrast to the civil
-# week which runs Sunday (day-of-the-week 0) to Saturday
-# (day-of-the-week 6).  The first week of the commercial year
-# starts on the Monday on or before January 1, and the commercial
-# year itself starts on this Monday, not January 1.
-#
-# For scientific purposes, it is convenient to refer to a date
-# simply as a day count, counting from an arbitrary initial
-# day.  The date first chosen for this was January 1, 4713 BCE.
-# A count of days from this date is the *Julian* *Day* *Number*
-# or *Julian* *Date*, which is abbreviated as +jd+ in the
-# Date class.  This is in local time, and counts from midnight
-# on the initial day.  The stricter usage is in UTC, and counts
-# from midday on the initial day.  This is referred to in the
-# Date class as the *Astronomical* *Julian* *Day* *Number*, and
-# abbreviated as +ajd+.  In the Date class, the Astronomical
-# Julian Day Number includes fractional days.
-#
-# Another absolute day count is the *Modified* *Julian* *Day*
-# *Number*, which takes November 17, 1858 as its initial day.
-# This is abbreviated as +mjd+ in the Date class.  There
-# is also an *Astronomical* *Modified* *Julian* *Day* *Number*,
-# which is in UTC and includes fractional days.  This is
-# abbreviated as +amjd+ in the Date class.  Like the Modified
-# Julian Day Number (and unlike the Astronomical Julian
-# Day Number), it counts from midnight.
-#
-# Alternative calendars such as the Chinese Lunar Calendar,
-# the Islamic Calendar, or the French Revolutionary Calendar
-# are not supported by the Date class; nor are calendars that
-# are based on an Era different from the Common Era, such as
-# the Japanese Imperial Calendar or the Republic of China
-# Calendar.
-#
-# === Calendar Reform
-#
-# The standard civil year is 365 days long.  However, the
-# solar year is fractionally longer than this.  To account
-# for this, a *leap* *year* is occasionally inserted.  This
-# is a year with 366 days, the extra day falling on February 29.
-# In the early days of the civil calendar, every fourth
-# year without exception was a leap year.  This way of
-# reckoning leap years is the *Julian* *Calendar*.
-#
-# However, the solar year is marginally shorter than 365 1/4
-# days, and so the *Julian* *Calendar* gradually ran slow
-# over the centuries.  To correct this, every 100th year
-# (but not every 400th year) was excluded as a leap year.
-# This way of reckoning leap years, which we use today, is
-# the *Gregorian* *Calendar*.
-#
-# The Gregorian Calendar was introduced at different times
-# in different regions.  The day on which it was introduced
-# for a particular region is the *Day* *of* *Calendar*
-# *Reform* for that region.  This is abbreviated as +sg+
-# (for Start of Gregorian calendar) in the Date class.
-#
-# Two such days are of particular
-# significance.  The first is October 15, 1582, which was
-# the Day of Calendar Reform for Italy and most Catholic
-# countries.  The second is September 14, 1752, which was
-# the Day of Calendar Reform for England and its colonies
-# (including what is now the United States).  These two
-# dates are available as the constants Date::ITALY and
-# Date::ENGLAND, respectively.  (By comparison, Germany and
-# Holland, less Catholic than Italy but less stubborn than
-# England, changed over in 1698; Sweden in 1753; Russia not
-# till 1918, after the Revolution; and Greece in 1923.  Many
-# Orthodox churches still use the Julian Calendar.  A complete
-# list of Days of Calendar Reform can be found at
-# http://www.polysyllabic.com/GregConv.html.)
-#
-# Switching from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
-# involved skipping a number of days to make up for the
-# accumulated lag, and the later the switch was (or is)
-# done, the more days need to be skipped.  So in 1582 in Italy,
-# 4th October was followed by 15th October, skipping 10 days; in 1752
-# in England, 2nd September was followed by 14th September, skipping
-# 11 days; and if I decided to switch from Julian to Gregorian
-# Calendar this midnight, I would go from 27th July 2003 (Julian)
-# today to 10th August 2003 (Gregorian) tomorrow, skipping
-# 13 days.  The Date class is aware of this gap, and a supposed
-# date that would fall in the middle of it is regarded as invalid.
-#
-# The Day of Calendar Reform is relevant to all date representations
-# involving years.  It is not relevant to the Julian Day Numbers,
-# except for converting between them and year-based representations.
-#
-# In the Date and DateTime classes, the Day of Calendar Reform or
-# +sg+ can be specified a number of ways.  First, it can be as
-# the Julian Day Number of the Day of Calendar Reform.  Second,
-# it can be using the constants Date::ITALY or Date::ENGLAND; these
-# are in fact the Julian Day Numbers of the Day of Calendar Reform
-# of the respective regions.  Third, it can be as the constant
-# Date::JULIAN, which means to always use the Julian Calendar.
-# Finally, it can be as the constant Date::GREGORIAN, which means
-# to always use the Gregorian Calendar.
-#
-# Note: in the Julian Calendar, New Years Day was March 25.  The
-# Date class does not follow this convention.
-#
-# === Time Zones
-#
-# DateTime objects support a simple representation
-# of time zones.  Time zones are represented as an offset
-# from UTC, as a fraction of a day.  This offset is the
-# how much local time is later (or earlier) than UTC.
-# UTC offset 0 is centred on England (also known as GMT).
-# As you travel east, the offset increases until you
-# reach the dateline in the middle of the Pacific Ocean;
-# as you travel west, the offset decreases.  This offset
-# is abbreviated as +of+ in the Date class.
-#
-# This simple representation of time zones does not take
-# into account the common practice of Daylight Savings
-# Time or Summer Time.
-#
-# Most DateTime methods return the date and the
-# time in local time.  The two exceptions are
-# #ajd() and #amjd(), which return the date and time
-# in UTC time, including fractional days.
-#
-# The Date class does not support time zone offsets, in that
-# there is no way to create a Date object with a time zone.
-# However, methods of the Date class when used by a
-# DateTime instance will use the time zone offset of this
-# instance.
-#
-# == Examples of use
-#
-# === Print out the date of every Sunday between two dates.
-#
-#     def print_sundays(d1, d2)
-#         d1 +=1 while (d1.wday != 0)
-#         d1.step(d2, 7) do |date|
-#             puts "#{Date::MONTHNAMES[date.mon]} #{date.day}"
-#         end
-#     end
-#
-#     print_sundays(Date::civil(2003, 4, 8), Date::civil(2003, 5, 23))
-#
-# === Calculate how many seconds to go till midnight on New Year's Day.
-#
-#     def secs_to_new_year(now = DateTime::now())
-#         new_year = DateTime.new(now.year + 1, 1, 1)
-#         dif = new_year - now
-#         hours, mins, secs, ignore_fractions = Date::day_fraction_to_time(dif)
-#         return hours * 60 * 60 + mins * 60 + secs
-#     end
-#
-#     puts secs_to_new_year()
-
-if defined? RHO_ME
-	require 'rationalME'
-end
-
-require 'rational'
-require 'date/format'
-
-# Class representing a date.
-#
-# See the documentation to the file date.rb for an overview.
-#
-# Internally, the date is represented as an Astronomical
-# Julian Day Number, +ajd+.  The Day of Calendar Reform, +sg+, is
-# also stored, for conversions to other date formats.  (There
-# is also an +of+ field for a time zone offset, but this
-# is only for the use of the DateTime subclass.)
-#
-# A new Date object is created using one of the object creation
-# class methods named after the corresponding date format, and the
-# arguments appropriate to that date format; for instance,
-# Date::civil() (aliased to Date::new()) with year, month,
-# and day-of-month, or Date::ordinal() with year and day-of-year.
-# All of these object creation class methods also take the
-# Day of Calendar Reform as an optional argument.
-#
-# Date objects are immutable once created.
-#
-# Once a Date has been created, date values
-# can be retrieved for the different date formats supported
-# using instance methods.  For instance, #mon() gives the
-# Civil month, #cwday() gives the Commercial day of the week,
-# and #yday() gives the Ordinal day of the year.  Date values
-# can be retrieved in any format, regardless of what format
-# was used to create the Date instance.
-#
-# The Date class includes the Comparable module, allowing
-# date objects to be compared and sorted, ranges of dates
-# to be created, and so forth.
-class Date
-
-  include Comparable
-
-  # Full month names, in English.  Months count from 1 to 12; a
-  # month's numerical representation indexed into this array
-  # gives the name of that month (hence the first element is nil).
-  #MONTHNAMES = [nil] + %w(January February March April May June July
-	#		  August September October November December)
-
-  # Full names of days of the week, in English.  Days of the week
-  # count from 0 to 6 (except in the commercial week); a day's numerical
-  # representation indexed into this array gives the name of that day.
-  #DAYNAMES = %w(Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday)
-
-  # Abbreviated month names, in English.
-  #ABBR_MONTHNAMES = [nil] + %w(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
-	#		       Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec)
-
-  # Abbreviated day names, in English.
-  #ABBR_DAYNAMES = %w(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat)
-
-  [MONTHNAMES, DAYNAMES, ABBR_MONTHNAMES, ABBR_DAYNAMES].each do |xs|
-    xs.each{|x| x.freeze unless x.nil?}.freeze
-  end
-
-  class Infinity < Numeric # :nodoc:
-
-    include Comparable
-
-    def initialize(d=1) @d = d <=> 0 end
-
-    def d() @d end
-
-    protected :d
-
-    def zero? () false end
-    def finite? () false end
-    def infinite? () d.nonzero? end
-    def nan? () d.zero? end
-
-    def abs() self.class.new end
-
-#    def -@ () self.class.new(-d) end
-#    def +@ () self.class.new(+d) end
-
-    def <=> (other)
-      case other
-      when Infinity; d <=> other.d
-      when Numeric; d
-      else
-	begin
-	  l, r = other.coerce(self)
-	  return l <=> r
-	rescue NoMethodError
-	end
-      end
-      nil
-    end
-
-    def coerce(other)
-      case other
-      when Numeric; return -d, d
-      else
-	super
-      end
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  # The Julian Day Number of the Day of Calendar Reform for Italy
-  # and the Catholic countries.
-  ITALY     = 2299161 # 1582-10-15
-
-  # The Julian Day Number of the Day of Calendar Reform for England
-  # and her Colonies.
-  ENGLAND   = 2361222 # 1752-09-14
-
-  # A constant used to indicate that a Date should always use the
-  # Julian calendar.
-  JULIAN    =  Infinity.new
-
-  # A constant used to indicate that a Date should always use the
-  # Gregorian calendar.
-  GREGORIAN = Infinity.new(-1)
-
-  UNIXEPOCH = 2440588 # 1970-01-01 :nodoc:
-
-  t = Module.new do
-
-    private
-
-    def find_fdoy(y, sg) # :nodoc:
-      j = nil
-      1.upto(31) do |d|
-	break if j = _valid_civil?(y, 1, d, sg)
-      end
-      j
-    end
-
-    def find_ldoy(y, sg) # :nodoc:
-      j = nil
-      31.downto(1) do |d|
-	break if j = _valid_civil?(y, 12, d, sg)
-      end
-      j
-    end
-
-    def find_fdom(y, m, sg) # :nodoc:
-      j = nil
-      1.upto(31) do |d|
-	break if j = _valid_civil?(y, m, d, sg)
-      end
-      j
-    end
-
-    def find_ldom(y, m, sg) # :nodoc:
-      j = nil
-      31.downto(1) do |d|
-	break if j = _valid_civil?(y, m, d, sg)
-      end
-      j
-    end
-
-    # Convert an Ordinal Date to a Julian Day Number.
-    #
-    # +y+ and +d+ are the year and day-of-year to convert.
-    # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-    #
-    # Returns the corresponding Julian Day Number.
-    def ordinal_to_jd(y, d, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      find_fdoy(y, sg) + d - 1
-    end
-
-    # Convert a Julian Day Number to an Ordinal Date.
-    #
-    # +jd+ is the Julian Day Number to convert.
-    # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-    #
-    # Returns the corresponding Ordinal Date as
-    # [year, day_of_year]
-    def jd_to_ordinal(jd, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      y = jd_to_civil(jd, sg)[0]
-      j = find_fdoy(y, sg)
-      doy = jd - j + 1
-      return y, doy
-    end
-
-    # Convert a Civil Date to a Julian Day Number.
-    # +y+, +m+, and +d+ are the year, month, and day of the
-    # month.  +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-    #
-    # Returns the corresponding Julian Day Number.
-    def civil_to_jd(y, m, d, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      if m <= 2
-	y -= 1
-	m += 12
-      end
-      a = (y / 100.0).floor
-      b = 2 - a + (a / 4.0).floor
-      jd = (365.25 * (y + 4716)).floor() +
-	(30.6001 * (m + 1)).floor() +
-	d + b - 1524
-      if jd < sg
-	jd -= b
-      end
-      jd
-    end
-
-    # Convert a Julian Day Number to a Civil Date.  +jd+ is
-    # the Julian Day Number. +sg+ specifies the Day of
-    # Calendar Reform.
-    #
-    # Returns the corresponding [year, month, day_of_month]
-    # as a three-element array.
-    def jd_to_civil(jd, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      if jd < sg
-	a = jd
-      else
-	x = ((jd - 1867216.25) / 36524.25).floor
-	a = jd + 1 + x - (x / 4.0).floor
-      end
-      b = a + 1524
-      c = ((b - 122.1) / 365.25).floor
-      d = (365.25 * c).floor
-      e = ((b - d) / 30.6001).floor
-      dom = b - d - (30.6001 * e).floor
-      if e <= 13
-	m = e - 1
-	y = c - 4716
-      else
-	m = e - 13
-	y = c - 4715
-      end
-      return y, m, dom
-    end
-
-    # Convert a Commercial Date to a Julian Day Number.
-    #
-    # +y+, +w+, and +d+ are the (commercial) year, week of the year,
-    # and day of the week of the Commercial Date to convert.
-    # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-    def commercial_to_jd(y, w, d, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      j = find_fdoy(y, sg) + 3
-      (j - (((j - 1) + 1) % 7)) +
-	7 * (w - 1) +
-	(d - 1)
-    end
-
-    # Convert a Julian Day Number to a Commercial Date
-    #
-    # +jd+ is the Julian Day Number to convert.
-    # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-    #
-    # Returns the corresponding Commercial Date as
-    # [commercial_year, week_of_year, day_of_week]
-    def jd_to_commercial(jd, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      a = jd_to_civil(jd - 3, sg)[0]
-      y = if jd >= commercial_to_jd(a + 1, 1, 1, sg) then a + 1 else a end
-      w = 1 + ((jd - commercial_to_jd(y, 1, 1, sg)) / 7).floor
-      d = (jd + 1) % 7
-      d = 7 if d == 0
-      return y, w, d
-    end
-
-    def weeknum_to_jd(y, w, d, f=0, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      a = find_fdoy(y, sg) + 6
-      (a - ((a - f) + 1) % 7 - 7) + 7 * w + d
-    end
-
-    def jd_to_weeknum(jd, f=0, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      y, m, d = jd_to_civil(jd, sg)
-      a = find_fdoy(y, sg) + 6
-      w, d = (jd - (a - ((a - f) + 1) % 7) + 7).divmod(7)
-      return y, w, d
-    end
-
-    def nth_kday_to_jd(y, m, n, k, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      j = if n > 0
-	    find_fdom(y, m, sg) - 1
-	  else
-	    find_ldom(y, m, sg) + 7
-	  end
-      (j - (((j - k) + 1) % 7)) + 7 * n
-    end
-
-    def jd_to_nth_kday(jd, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      y, m, d = jd_to_civil(jd, sg)
-      j = find_fdom(y, m, sg)
-      return y, m, ((jd - j) / 7).floor + 1, jd_to_wday(jd)
-    end
-
-    # Convert an Astronomical Julian Day Number to a (civil) Julian
-    # Day Number.
-    #
-    # +ajd+ is the Astronomical Julian Day Number to convert.
-    # +of+ is the offset from UTC as a fraction of a day (defaults to 0).
-    #
-    # Returns the (civil) Julian Day Number as [day_number,
-    # fraction] where +fraction+ is always 1/2.
-    def ajd_to_jd(ajd, of=0) (ajd + of + 1.to_r/2).divmod(1) end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Convert a (civil) Julian Day Number to an Astronomical Julian
-    # Day Number.
-    #
-    # +jd+ is the Julian Day Number to convert, and +fr+ is a
-    # fractional day.
-    # +of+ is the offset from UTC as a fraction of a day (defaults to 0).
-    #
-    # Returns the Astronomical Julian Day Number as a single
-    # numeric value.
-    def jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of=0) jd + fr - of - 1.to_r/2 end # :nodoc:
-    
-    # Convert a fractional day +fr+ to [hours, minutes, seconds,
-    # fraction_of_a_second]
-    def day_fraction_to_time(fr) # :nodoc:
-      h,   fr = fr.divmod(1.to_r/24)
-      min, fr = fr.divmod(1.to_r/1440)
-      s,   fr = fr.divmod(1.to_r/86400)
-      return h, min, s, fr * 86400
-    end
-
-    # Convert an +h+ hour, +min+ minutes, +s+ seconds period
-    # to a fractional day.
-    def time_to_day_fraction(h, min, s) # :nodoc:
-      h.to_r/24 + min.to_r/1440 + s.to_r/86400
-    end
-
-    # Convert an Astronomical Modified Julian Day Number to an
-    # Astronomical Julian Day Number.
-    def amjd_to_ajd(amjd) amjd + 4800001.to_r/2 end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Convert an Astronomical Julian Day Number to an
-    # Astronomical Modified Julian Day Number.
-    def ajd_to_amjd(ajd) ajd - 4800001.to_r/2 end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Convert a Modified Julian Day Number to a Julian
-    # Day Number.
-    def mjd_to_jd(mjd) mjd + 2400001 end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Convert a Julian Day Number to a Modified Julian Day
-    # Number.
-    def jd_to_mjd(jd) jd - 2400001 end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Convert a count of the number of days since the adoption
-    # of the Gregorian Calendar (in Italy) to a Julian Day Number.
-    def ld_to_jd(ld) ld + 2299160 end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Convert a Julian Day Number to the number of days since
-    # the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar (in Italy).
-    def jd_to_ld(jd) jd - 2299160 end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Convert a Julian Day Number to the day of the week.
-    #
-    # Sunday is day-of-week 0; Saturday is day-of-week 6.
-    def jd_to_wday(jd) (jd + 1) % 7 end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Is +jd+ a valid Julian Day Number?
-    #
-    # If it is, returns it.  In fact, any value is treated as a valid
-    # Julian Day Number.
-    def _valid_jd? (jd, sg=GREGORIAN) jd end # :nodoc:
-
-    # Do the year +y+ and day-of-year +d+ make a valid Ordinal Date?
-    # Returns the corresponding Julian Day Number if they do, or
-    # nil if they don't.
-    #
-    # +d+ can be a negative number, in which case it counts backwards
-    # from the end of the year (-1 being the last day of the year).
-    # No year wraparound is performed, however, so valid values of
-    # +d+ are -365 .. -1, 1 .. 365 on a non-leap-year,
-    # -366 .. -1, 1 .. 366 on a leap year.
-    # A date falling in the period skipped in the Day of Calendar Reform
-    # adjustment is not valid.
-    #
-    # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-    def _valid_ordinal? (y, d, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      if d < 0
-	j = find_ldoy(y, sg)
-	ny, nd = jd_to_ordinal(j + d + 1, sg)
-	return unless ny == y
-	d = nd
-      end
-      jd = ordinal_to_jd(y, d, sg)
-      return unless [y, d] == jd_to_ordinal(jd, sg)
-      jd
-    end
-
-    # Do year +y+, month +m+, and day-of-month +d+ make a
-    # valid Civil Date?  Returns the corresponding Julian
-    # Day Number if they do, nil if they don't.
-    #
-    # +m+ and +d+ can be negative, in which case they count
-    # backwards from the end of the year and the end of the
-    # month respectively.  No wraparound is performed, however,
-    # and invalid values cause an ArgumentError to be raised.
-    # A date falling in the period skipped in the Day of Calendar
-    # Reform adjustment is not valid.
-    #
-    # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-    def _valid_civil? (y, m, d, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      if m < 0
-	m += 13
-      end
-      if d < 0
-	j = find_ldom(y, m, sg)
-	ny, nm, nd = jd_to_civil(j + d + 1, sg)
-	return unless [ny, nm] == [y, m]
-	d = nd
-      end
-      jd = civil_to_jd(y, m, d, sg)
-      return unless [y, m, d] == jd_to_civil(jd, sg)
-      jd
-    end
-
-    # Do year +y+, week-of-year +w+, and day-of-week +d+ make a
-    # valid Commercial Date?  Returns the corresponding Julian
-    # Day Number if they do, nil if they don't.
-    #
-    # Monday is day-of-week 1; Sunday is day-of-week 7.
-    #
-    # +w+ and +d+ can be negative, in which case they count
-    # backwards from the end of the year and the end of the
-    # week respectively.  No wraparound is performed, however,
-    # and invalid values cause an ArgumentError to be raised.
-    # A date falling in the period skipped in the Day of Calendar
-    # Reform adjustment is not valid.
-    #
-    # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-    def _valid_commercial? (y, w, d, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      if d < 0
-	d += 8
-      end
-      if w < 0
-	ny, nw, nd =
-	  jd_to_commercial(commercial_to_jd(y + 1, 1, 1, sg) + w * 7, sg)
-	return unless ny == y
-	w = nw
-      end
-      jd = commercial_to_jd(y, w, d, sg)
-      return unless [y, w, d] == jd_to_commercial(jd, sg)
-      jd
-    end
-
-    def _valid_weeknum? (y, w, d, f, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      if d < 0
-	d += 7
-      end
-      if w < 0
-	ny, nw, nd, nf =
-	  jd_to_weeknum(weeknum_to_jd(y + 1, 1, f, f, sg) + w * 7, f, sg)
-	return unless ny == y
-	w = nw
-      end
-      jd = weeknum_to_jd(y, w, d, f, sg)
-      return unless [y, w, d] == jd_to_weeknum(jd, f, sg)
-      jd
-    end
-
-    def _valid_nth_kday? (y, m, n, k, sg=GREGORIAN) # :nodoc:
-      if k < 0
-	k += 7
-      end
-      if n < 0
-	ny, nm = (y * 12 + m).divmod(12)
-	nm,    = (nm + 1)    .divmod(1)
-	ny, nm, nn, nk =
-	  jd_to_nth_kday(nth_kday_to_jd(ny, nm, 1, k, sg) + n * 7, sg)
-	return unless [ny, nm] == [y, m]
-	n = nn
-      end
-      jd = nth_kday_to_jd(y, m, n, k, sg)
-      return unless [y, m, n, k] == jd_to_nth_kday(jd, sg)
-      jd
-    end
-
-    # Do hour +h+, minute +min+, and second +s+ constitute a valid time?
-    #
-    # If they do, returns their value as a fraction of a day.  If not,
-    # returns nil.
-    #
-    # The 24-hour clock is used.  Negative values of +h+, +min+, and
-    # +sec+ are treating as counting backwards from the end of the
-    # next larger unit (e.g. a +min+ of -2 is treated as 58).  No
-    # wraparound is performed.
-    def _valid_time? (h, min, s) # :nodoc:
-      h   += 24 if h   < 0
-      min += 60 if min < 0
-      s   += 60 if s   < 0
-      return unless ((0..23) === h &&
-		     (0..59) === min &&
-		     (0..59) === s) ||
-		     (24 == h &&
-		       0 == min &&
-		       0 == s)
-      time_to_day_fraction(h, min, s)
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  extend  t
-  include t
-
-  # Is a year a leap year in the Julian calendar?
-  #
-  # All years divisible by 4 are leap years in the Julian calendar.
-  def self.julian_leap? (y) y % 4 == 0 end
-
-  # Is a year a leap year in the Gregorian calendar?
-  #
-  # All years divisible by 4 are leap years in the Gregorian calendar,
-  # except for years divisible by 100 and not by 400.
-  def self.gregorian_leap? (y) y % 4 == 0 && y % 100 != 0 || y % 400 == 0 end
-
-  class << self; alias_method :leap?, :gregorian_leap? end
-  class << self; alias_method :new!, :new end
-
-  def self.valid_jd? (jd, sg=ITALY)
-    !!_valid_jd?(jd, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.valid_ordinal? (y, d, sg=ITALY)
-    !!_valid_ordinal?(y, d, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.valid_civil? (y, m, d, sg=ITALY)
-    !!_valid_civil?(y, m, d, sg)
-  end
-
-  class << self; alias_method :valid_date?, :valid_civil? end
-
-  def self.valid_commercial? (y, w, d, sg=ITALY)
-    !!_valid_commercial?(y, w, d, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.valid_weeknum? (y, w, d, f, sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    !!_valid_weeknum?(y, w, d, f, sg)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :valid_weeknum?
-
-  def self.valid_nth_kday? (y, m, n, k, sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    !!_valid_nth_kday?(y, m, n, k, sg)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :valid_nth_kday?
-
-  def self.valid_time? (h, min, s) # :nodoc:
-    !!_valid_time?(h, min, s)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :valid_time?
-
-  # Create a new Date object from a Julian Day Number.
-  #
-  # +jd+ is the Julian Day Number; if not specified, it defaults to
-  # 0.
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def self.jd(jd=0, sg=ITALY)
-    jd = _valid_jd?(jd, sg)
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), 0, sg)
-  end
-
-  # Create a new Date object from an Ordinal Date, specified
-  # by year +y+ and day-of-year +d+. +d+ can be negative,
-  # in which it counts backwards from the end of the year.
-  # No year wraparound is performed, however.  An invalid
-  # value for +d+ results in an ArgumentError being raised.
-  #
-  # +y+ defaults to -4712, and +d+ to 1; this is Julian Day
-  # Number day 0.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def self.ordinal(y=-4712, d=1, sg=ITALY)
-    unless jd = _valid_ordinal?(y, d, sg)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), 0, sg)
-  end
-
-  # Create a new Date object for the Civil Date specified by
-  # year +y+, month +m+, and day-of-month +d+.
-  #
-  # +m+ and +d+ can be negative, in which case they count
-  # backwards from the end of the year and the end of the
-  # month respectively.  No wraparound is performed, however,
-  # and invalid values cause an ArgumentError to be raised.
-  # can be negative
-  #
-  # +y+ defaults to -4712, +m+ to 1, and +d+ to 1; this is
-  # Julian Day Number day 0.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def self.civil(y=-4712, m=1, d=1, sg=ITALY)
-    unless jd = _valid_civil?(y, m, d, sg)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), 0, sg)
-  end
-
-  class << self; alias_method :new, :civil end
-
-  # Create a new Date object for the Commercial Date specified by
-  # year +y+, week-of-year +w+, and day-of-week +d+.
-  #
-  # Monday is day-of-week 1; Sunday is day-of-week 7.
-  #
-  # +w+ and +d+ can be negative, in which case they count
-  # backwards from the end of the year and the end of the
-  # week respectively.  No wraparound is performed, however,
-  # and invalid values cause an ArgumentError to be raised.
-  #
-  # +y+ defaults to -4712, +w+ to 1, and +d+ to 1; this is
-  # Julian Day Number day 0.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def self.commercial(y=-4712, w=1, d=1, sg=ITALY)
-    unless jd = _valid_commercial?(y, w, d, sg)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), 0, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.weeknum(y=-4712, w=0, d=1, f=0, sg=ITALY)
-    unless jd = _valid_weeknum?(y, w, d, f, sg)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), 0, sg)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :weeknum
-
-  def self.nth_kday(y=-4712, m=1, n=1, k=1, sg=ITALY)
-    unless jd = _valid_nth_kday?(y, m, n, k, sg)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), 0, sg)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :nth_kday
-
-  def self.rewrite_frags(elem) # :nodoc:
-    elem ||= {}
-    if seconds = elem[:seconds]
-      d,   fr = seconds.divmod(86400)
-      h,   fr = fr.divmod(3600)
-      min, fr = fr.divmod(60)
-      s,   fr = fr.divmod(1)
-      elem[:jd] = UNIXEPOCH + d
-      elem[:hour] = h
-      elem[:min] = min
-      elem[:sec] = s
-      elem[:sec_fraction] = fr
-      elem.delete(:seconds)
-      elem.delete(:offset)
-    end
-    elem
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :rewrite_frags
-
-  def self.complete_frags(elem) # :nodoc:
-    i = 0
-    g = [[:time, [:hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [nil, [:jd]],
-	 [:ordinal, [:year, :yday, :hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [:civil, [:year, :mon, :mday, :hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [:commercial, [:cwyear, :cweek, :cwday, :hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [:wday, [:wday, :hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [:wnum0, [:year, :wnum0, :wday, :hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [:wnum1, [:year, :wnum1, :wday, :hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [nil, [:cwyear, :cweek, :wday, :hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [nil, [:year, :wnum0, :cwday, :hour, :min, :sec]],
-	 [nil, [:year, :wnum1, :cwday, :hour, :min, :sec]]].
-      collect{|k, a| e = elem.values_at(*a).compact; [k, a, e]}.
-      select{|k, a, e| e.size > 0}.
-      sort_by{|k, a, e| [e.size, i -= 1]}.last
-
-    d = nil
-
-    if g && g[0] && (g[1].size - g[2].size) != 0
-      d ||= Date.today
-
-      case g[0]
-      when :ordinal
-	elem[:year] ||= d.year
-	elem[:yday] ||= 1
-      when :civil
-	g[1].each do |e|
-	  break if elem[e]
-	  elem[e] = d.__send__(e)
-	end
-	elem[:mon]  ||= 1
-	elem[:mday] ||= 1
-      when :commercial
-	g[1].each do |e|
-	  break if elem[e]
-	  elem[e] = d.__send__(e)
-	end
-	elem[:cweek] ||= 1
-	elem[:cwday] ||= 1
-      when :wday
-	elem[:jd] ||= (d - d.wday + elem[:wday]).jd
-      when :wnum0
-	g[1].each do |e|
-	  break if elem[e]
-	  elem[e] = d.__send__(e)
-	end
-	elem[:wnum0] ||= 0
-	elem[:wday]  ||= 0
-      when :wnum1
-	g[1].each do |e|
-	  break if elem[e]
-	  elem[e] = d.__send__(e)
-	end
-	elem[:wnum1] ||= 0
-	elem[:wday]  ||= 0
-      end
-    end
-
-    if g && g[0] == :time
-      if self <= DateTime
-	d ||= Date.today
-	elem[:jd] ||= d.jd
-      end
-    end
-
-    elem[:hour] ||= 0
-    elem[:min]  ||= 0
-    elem[:sec]  ||= 0
-    elem[:sec] = [elem[:sec], 59].min
-
-    elem
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :complete_frags
-
-  def self.valid_date_frags?(elem, sg) # :nodoc:
-    catch :jd do
-      a = elem.values_at(:jd)
-      if a.all?
-	if jd = _valid_jd?(*(a << sg))
-	  throw :jd, jd
-	end
-      end
-
-      a = elem.values_at(:year, :yday)
-      if a.all?
-	if jd = _valid_ordinal?(*(a << sg))
-	  throw :jd, jd
-	end
-      end
-
-      a = elem.values_at(:year, :mon, :mday)
-      if a.all?
-	if jd = _valid_civil?(*(a << sg))
-	  throw :jd, jd
-	end
-      end
-
-      a = elem.values_at(:cwyear, :cweek, :cwday)
-      if a[2].nil? && elem[:wday]
-	a[2] = elem[:wday].nonzero? || 7
-      end
-      if a.all?
-	if jd = _valid_commercial?(*(a << sg))
-	  throw :jd, jd
-	end
-      end
-
-      a = elem.values_at(:year, :wnum0, :wday)
-      if a[2].nil? && elem[:cwday]
-	a[2] = elem[:cwday] % 7
-      end
-      if a.all?
-	if jd = _valid_weeknum?(*(a << 0 << sg))
-	  throw :jd, jd
-	end
-      end
-
-      a = elem.values_at(:year, :wnum1, :wday)
-      if a[2]
-	a[2] = (a[2] - 1) % 7
-      end
-      if a[2].nil? && elem[:cwday]
-	a[2] = (elem[:cwday] - 1) % 7
-      end
-      if a.all?
-	if jd = _valid_weeknum?(*(a << 1 << sg))
-	  throw :jd, jd
-	end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :valid_date_frags?
-
-  def self.valid_time_frags? (elem) # :nodoc:
-    h, min, s = elem.values_at(:hour, :min, :sec)
-    _valid_time?(h, min, s)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :valid_time_frags?
-
-  def self.new_by_frags(elem, sg) # :nodoc:
-    elem = rewrite_frags(elem)
-    elem = complete_frags(elem)
-    unless jd = valid_date_frags?(elem, sg)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), 0, sg)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :new_by_frags
-
-  # Create a new Date object by parsing from a String
-  # according to a specified format.
-  #
-  # +str+ is a String holding a date representation.
-  # +fmt+ is the format that the date is in.  See
-  # date/format.rb for details on supported formats.
-  #
-  # The default +str+ is '-4712-01-01', and the default
-  # +fmt+ is '%F', which means Year-Month-Day_of_Month.
-  # This gives Julian Day Number day 0.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  #
-  # An ArgumentError will be raised if +str+ cannot be
-  # parsed.
-  def self.strptime(str='-4712-01-01', fmt='%F', sg=ITALY)
-    elem = _strptime(str, fmt)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  # Create a new Date object by parsing from a String,
-  # without specifying the format.
-  #
-  # +str+ is a String holding a date representation.
-  # +comp+ specifies whether to interpret 2-digit years
-  # as 19XX (>= 69) or 20XX (< 69); the default is not to.
-  # The method will attempt to parse a date from the String
-  # using various heuristics; see #_parse in date/format.rb
-  # for more details.  If parsing fails, an ArgumentError
-  # will be raised.
-  #
-  # The default +str+ is '-4712-01-01'; this is Julian
-  # Day Number day 0.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def self.parse(str='-4712-01-01', hints={}, sg=ITALY)
-    elem = _parse(str, hints)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.iso8601(str='-4712-01-01', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _iso8601(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.rfc3339(str='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _rfc3339(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.xmlschema(str='-4712-01-01', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _xmlschema(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.rfc2822(str='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _rfc2822(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  class << self; alias_method :rfc822, :rfc2822 end
-
-  def self.httpdate(str='Mon, 01 Jan -4712 00:00:00 GMT', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _httpdate(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.jisx0301(str='-4712-01-01', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _jisx0301(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  class << self
-
-    def once(*ids) # :nodoc:
-      for id in ids
-	module_eval <<-"end;"
-	  alias_method :__#{id.to_i}__, :#{id.to_s}
-	  private :__#{id.to_i}__
-	  def #{id.to_s}(*args, &block)
-	    (@__#{id.to_i}__ ||= [__#{id.to_i}__(*args, &block)])[0]
-	  end
-	end;
-      end
-    end
-
-    private :once
-
-  end
-
-  # *NOTE* this is the documentation for the method new!().  If
-  # you are reading this as the documentation for new(), that is
-  # because rdoc doesn't fully support the aliasing of the
-  # initialize() method.
-  # new() is in
-  # fact an alias for #civil(): read the documentation for that
-  # method instead.
-  #
-  # Create a new Date object.
-  #
-  # +ajd+ is the Astronomical Julian Day Number.
-  # +of+ is the offset from UTC as a fraction of a day.
-  # Both default to 0.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform to use for this
-  # Date object.
-  #
-  # Using one of the factory methods such as Date::civil is
-  # generally easier and safer.
-  def initialize(ajd=0, of=0, sg=ITALY) @ajd, @of, @sg = ajd, of, sg end
-
-  # Get the date as an Astronomical Julian Day Number.
-  def ajd() @ajd end
-
-  # Get the date as an Astronomical Modified Julian Day Number.
-  def amjd() ajd_to_amjd(@ajd) end
-
-  #trv once :amjd
-
-  # Get the date as a Julian Day Number.
-  def jd() ajd_to_jd(@ajd, @of)[0] end
-
-  # Get any fractional day part of the date.
-  def day_fraction() ajd_to_jd(@ajd, @of)[1] end
-
-  # Get the date as a Modified Julian Day Number.
-  def mjd() jd_to_mjd(jd) end
-
-  # Get the date as the number of days since the Day of Calendar
-  # Reform (in Italy and the Catholic countries).
-  def ld() jd_to_ld(jd) end
-
-  #trv once :jd, :day_fraction, :mjd, :ld
-
-  # Get the date as a Civil Date, [year, month, day_of_month]
-  def civil() jd_to_civil(jd(), @sg) end # :nodoc:
-
-  # Get the date as an Ordinal Date, [year, day_of_year]
-  def ordinal() jd_to_ordinal(jd, @sg) end # :nodoc:
-
-  # Get the date as a Commercial Date, [year, week_of_year, day_of_week]
-  def commercial() jd_to_commercial(jd, @sg) end # :nodoc:
-
-  def weeknum0() jd_to_weeknum(jd, 0, @sg) end # :nodoc:
-  def weeknum1() jd_to_weeknum(jd, 1, @sg) end # :nodoc:
-
-  #trv once :civil, :ordinal, :commercial, :weeknum0, :weeknum1
-  private :civil, :ordinal, :commercial, :weeknum0, :weeknum1
-
-  # Get the year of this date.
-  def year() civil[0] end
-
-  # Get the day-of-the-year of this date.
-  #
-  # January 1 is day-of-the-year 1
-  def yday() ordinal[1] end
-
-  # Get the month of this date.
-  #
-  # January is month 1.
-  def mon() civil[1] end
-
-  # Get the day-of-the-month of this date.
-  def mday() civil[2] end
-
-  alias_method :month, :mon
-  alias_method :day, :mday
-
-  def wnum0() weeknum0[1] end # :nodoc:
-  def wnum1() weeknum1[1] end # :nodoc:
-
-  private :wnum0, :wnum1
-
-  # Get the time of this date as [hours, minutes, seconds,
-  # fraction_of_a_second]
-  def time() day_fraction_to_time(day_fraction) end # :nodoc:
-
-  #trv once :time
-  private :time
-
-  # Get the hour of this date.
-  def hour() time[0] end
-
-  # Get the minute of this date.
-  def min() time[1] end
-
-  # Get the second of this date.
-  def sec() time[2] end
-
-  # Get the fraction-of-a-second of this date.
-  def sec_fraction() time[3] end
-
-  private :hour, :min, :sec, :sec_fraction
-
-  def zone() strftime('%:z') end
-
-  private :zone
-
-  # Get the commercial year of this date.  See *Commercial* *Date*
-  # in the introduction for how this differs from the normal year.
-  def cwyear() commercial[0] end
-
-  # Get the commercial week of the year of this date.
-  def cweek() commercial[1] end
-
-  # Get the commercial day of the week of this date.  Monday is
-  # commercial day-of-week 1; Sunday is commercial day-of-week 7.
-  def cwday() commercial[2] end
-
-  # Get the week day of this date.  Sunday is day-of-week 0;
-  # Saturday is day-of-week 6.
-  def wday() jd_to_wday(jd) end
-
-  #trv once :wday
-
-=begin
-  MONTHNAMES.each_with_index do |n, i|
-    if n
-      define_method(n.downcase + '?'){mon == i}
-    end
-  end
-=end
-
-  DAYNAMES.each_with_index do |n, i|
-    define_method(n.downcase + '?'){wday == i}
-  end
-
-  def nth_kday? (n, k)
-    k == wday && jd === nth_kday_to_jd(year, mon, n, k, start)
-  end
-
-  private :nth_kday?
-
-  # Is the current date old-style (Julian Calendar)?
-  def julian? () jd < @sg end
-
-  # Is the current date new-style (Gregorian Calendar)?
-  def gregorian? () !julian? end
-
-  #trv once :julian?, :gregorian?
-
-  def fix_style # :nodoc:
-    if julian?
-    then self.class::JULIAN
-    else self.class::GREGORIAN end
-  end
-
-  private :fix_style
-
-  # Is this a leap year?
-  def leap?
-    jd_to_civil(civil_to_jd(year, 3, 1, fix_style) - 1,
-		fix_style)[-1] == 29
-  end
-
-  #trv once :leap?
-
-  # When is the Day of Calendar Reform for this Date object?
-  def start() @sg end
-
-  # Create a copy of this Date object using a new Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def new_start(sg=self.class::ITALY) self.class.new!(@ajd, @of, sg) end
-
-  # Create a copy of this Date object that uses the Italian/Catholic
-  # Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def italy() new_start(self.class::ITALY) end
-
-  # Create a copy of this Date object that uses the English/Colonial
-  # Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def england() new_start(self.class::ENGLAND) end
-
-  # Create a copy of this Date object that always uses the Julian
-  # Calendar.
-  def julian() new_start(self.class::JULIAN) end
-
-  # Create a copy of this Date object that always uses the Gregorian
-  # Calendar.
-  def gregorian() new_start(self.class::GREGORIAN) end
-
-  def offset() @of end
-
-  def new_offset(of=0)
-    if String === of
-      of = (zone_to_diff(of) || 0).to_r/86400
-    end
-    self.class.new!(@ajd, of, @sg)
-  end
-
-  private :offset, :new_offset
-
-  # Return a new Date object that is +n+ days later than the
-  # current one.
-  #
-  # +n+ may be a negative value, in which case the new Date
-  # is earlier than the current one; however, #-() might be
-  # more intuitive.
-  #
-  # If +n+ is not a Numeric, a TypeError will be thrown.  In
-  # particular, two Dates cannot be added to each other.
-  def + (n)
-    case n
-    when Numeric; return self.class.new!(@ajd + n, @of, @sg)
-    end
-    raise TypeError, 'expected numeric'
-  end
-
-  # If +x+ is a Numeric value, create a new Date object that is
-  # +x+ days earlier than the current one.
-  #
-  # If +x+ is a Date, return the number of days between the
-  # two dates; or, more precisely, how many days later the current
-  # date is than +x+.
-  #
-  # If +x+ is neither Numeric nor a Date, a TypeError is raised.
-  def - (x)
-    case x
-    when Numeric; return self.class.new!(@ajd - x, @of, @sg)
-    when Date;    return @ajd - x.ajd
-    end
-    raise TypeError, 'expected numeric or date'
-  end
-
-  # Compare this date with another date.
-  #
-  # +other+ can also be a Numeric value, in which case it is
-  # interpreted as an Astronomical Julian Day Number.
-  #
-  # Comparison is by Astronomical Julian Day Number, including
-  # fractional days.  This means that both the time and the
-  # timezone offset are taken into account when comparing
-  # two DateTime instances.  When comparing a DateTime instance
-  # with a Date instance, the time of the latter will be
-  # considered as falling on midnight UTC.
-  def <=> (other)
-    case other
-    when Numeric; return @ajd <=> other
-    when Date;    return @ajd <=> other.ajd
-    end
-    nil
-  end
-
-  # The relationship operator for Date.
-  #
-  # Compares dates by Julian Day Number.  When comparing
-  # two DateTime instances, or a DateTime with a Date,
-  # the instances will be regarded as equivalent if they
-  # fall on the same date in local time.
-  def === (other)
-    case other
-    when Numeric; return jd == other
-    when Date;    return jd == other.jd
-    end
-    false
-  end
-
-  def next_day(n=1) self + n end
-  def prev_day(n=1) self - n end
-
-  # Return a new Date one day after this one.
-  def next() next_day end
-
-  alias_method :succ, :next
-
-  # Return a new Date object that is +n+ months later than
-  # the current one.
-  #
-  # If the day-of-the-month of the current Date is greater
-  # than the last day of the target month, the day-of-the-month
-  # of the returned Date will be the last day of the target month.
-  def >> (n)
-    y, m = (year * 12 + (mon - 1) + n).divmod(12)
-    m,   = (m + 1)                    .divmod(1)
-    d = mday
-    d -= 1 until jd2 = _valid_civil?(y, m, d, @sg)
-    self + (jd2 - jd)
-  end
-
-  # Return a new Date object that is +n+ months earlier than
-  # the current one.
-  #
-  # If the day-of-the-month of the current Date is greater
-  # than the last day of the target month, the day-of-the-month
-  # of the returned Date will be the last day of the target month.
-  def << (n) self >> -n end
-
-  def next_month(n=1) self >> n end
-  def prev_month(n=1) self << n end
-
-  def next_year(n=1) self >> n * 12 end
-  def prev_year(n=1) self << n * 12 end
-
-  #require 'enumerator'
-
-  # Step the current date forward +step+ days at a
-  # time (or backward, if +step+ is negative) until
-  # we reach +limit+ (inclusive), yielding the resultant
-  # date at each step.
-  def step(limit, step=1) # :yield: date
-=begin
-    if step.zero?
-      raise ArgumentError, "step can't be 0"
-    end
-=end
-    unless block_given?
-      return to_enum(:step, limit, step)
-    end
-    da = self
-    op = %w(- <= >=)[step <=> 0]
-    while da.__send__(op, limit)
-      yield da
-      da += step
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
-  # Step forward one day at a time until we reach +max+
-  # (inclusive), yielding each date as we go.
-  def upto(max, &block) # :yield: date
-    step(max, +1, &block)
-  end
-
-  # Step backward one day at a time until we reach +min+
-  # (inclusive), yielding each date as we go.
-  def downto(min, &block) # :yield: date
-    step(min, -1, &block)
-  end
-
-  # Is this Date equal to +other+?
-  #
-  # +other+ must both be a Date object, and represent the same date.
-  def eql? (other) Date === other && self == other end
-
-  # Calculate a hash value for this date.
-  def hash() @ajd.hash end
-
-  # Return internal object state as a programmer-readable string.
-  def inspect() format('#<%s: %s,%s,%s>', self.class, @ajd, @of, @sg) end
-
-  # Return the date as a human-readable string.
-  #
-  # The format used is YYYY-MM-DD.
-  def to_s() strftime end
-
-  # Dump to Marshal format.
-  def marshal_dump() [@ajd, @of, @sg] end
-
-  # Load from Marshall format.
-  def marshal_load(a) @ajd, @of, @sg, = a end
-
-end
-
-# Class representing a date and time.
-#
-# See the documentation to the file date.rb for an overview.
-#
-# DateTime objects are immutable once created.
-#
-# == Other methods.
-#
-# The following methods are defined in Date, but declared private
-# there.  They are made public in DateTime.  They are documented
-# here.
-#
-# === hour()
-#
-# Get the hour-of-the-day of the time.  This is given
-# using the 24-hour clock, counting from midnight.  The first
-# hour after midnight is hour 0; the last hour of the day is
-# hour 23.
-#
-# === min()
-#
-# Get the minute-of-the-hour of the time.
-#
-# === sec()
-#
-# Get the second-of-the-minute of the time.
-#
-# === sec_fraction()
-#
-# Get the fraction of a second of the time.  This is returned as
-# a +Rational+.
-#
-# === zone()
-#
-# Get the time zone as a String.  This is representation of the
-# time offset such as "+1000", not the true time-zone name.
-#
-# === offset()
-#
-# Get the time zone offset as a fraction of a day.  This is returned
-# as a +Rational+.
-#
-# === new_offset(of=0)
-#
-# Create a new DateTime object, identical to the current one, except
-# with a new time zone offset of +of+.  +of+ is the new offset from
-# UTC as a fraction of a day.
-#
-class DateTime < Date
-
-  # Create a new DateTime object corresponding to the specified
-  # Julian Day Number +jd+ and hour +h+, minute +min+, second +s+.
-  #
-  # The 24-hour clock is used.  Negative values of +h+, +min+, and
-  # +sec+ are treating as counting backwards from the end of the
-  # next larger unit (e.g. a +min+ of -2 is treated as 58).  No
-  # wraparound is performed.  If an invalid time portion is specified,
-  # an ArgumentError is raised.
-  #
-  # +of+ is the offset from UTC as a fraction of a day (defaults to 0).
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  #
-  # All day/time values default to 0.
-  def self.jd(jd=0, h=0, min=0, s=0, of=0, sg=ITALY)
-    fr = _valid_time?(h, min, s)
-    unless (jd = _valid_jd?(jd, sg)) &&
-	   (fr)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    if String === of
-      of = (zone_to_diff(of) || 0).to_r/86400
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of), of, sg)
-  end
-
-  # Create a new DateTime object corresponding to the specified
-  # Ordinal Date and hour +h+, minute +min+, second +s+.
-  #
-  # The 24-hour clock is used.  Negative values of +h+, +min+, and
-  # +sec+ are treating as counting backwards from the end of the
-  # next larger unit (e.g. a +min+ of -2 is treated as 58).  No
-  # wraparound is performed.  If an invalid time portion is specified,
-  # an ArgumentError is raised.
-  #
-  # +of+ is the offset from UTC as a fraction of a day (defaults to 0).
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  #
-  # +y+ defaults to -4712, and +d+ to 1; this is Julian Day Number
-  # day 0.  The time values default to 0.
-  def self.ordinal(y=-4712, d=1, h=0, min=0, s=0, of=0, sg=ITALY)
-    fr = _valid_time?(h, min, s)
-    unless (jd = _valid_ordinal?(y, d, sg)) &&
-	   (fr)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    if String === of
-      of = (zone_to_diff(of) || 0).to_r/86400
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of), of, sg)
-  end
-
-  # Create a new DateTime object corresponding to the specified
-  # Civil Date and hour +h+, minute +min+, second +s+.
-  #
-  # The 24-hour clock is used.  Negative values of +h+, +min+, and
-  # +sec+ are treating as counting backwards from the end of the
-  # next larger unit (e.g. a +min+ of -2 is treated as 58).  No
-  # wraparound is performed.  If an invalid time portion is specified,
-  # an ArgumentError is raised.
-  #
-  # +of+ is the offset from UTC as a fraction of a day (defaults to 0).
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  #
-  # +y+ defaults to -4712, +m+ to 1, and +d+ to 1; this is Julian Day
-  # Number day 0.  The time values default to 0.
-  def self.civil(y=-4712, m=1, d=1, h=0, min=0, s=0, of=0, sg=ITALY)
-    fr = _valid_time?(h, min, s)
-    unless (jd = _valid_civil?(y, m, d, sg)) &&
-	   (fr)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    if String === of
-      of = (zone_to_diff(of) || 0).to_r/86400
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of), of, sg)
-  end
-
-  class << self; alias_method :new, :civil end
-
-  # Create a new DateTime object corresponding to the specified
-  # Commercial Date and hour +h+, minute +min+, second +s+.
-  #
-  # The 24-hour clock is used.  Negative values of +h+, +min+, and
-  # +sec+ are treating as counting backwards from the end of the
-  # next larger unit (e.g. a +min+ of -2 is treated as 58).  No
-  # wraparound is performed.  If an invalid time portion is specified,
-  # an ArgumentError is raised.
-  #
-  # +of+ is the offset from UTC as a fraction of a day (defaults to 0).
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  #
-  # +y+ defaults to -4712, +w+ to 1, and +d+ to 1; this is
-  # Julian Day Number day 0.
-  # The time values default to 0.
-  def self.commercial(y=-4712, w=1, d=1, h=0, min=0, s=0, of=0, sg=ITALY)
-    fr = _valid_time?(h, min, s)
-    unless (jd = _valid_commercial?(y, w, d, sg)) &&
-	   (fr)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    if String === of
-      of = (zone_to_diff(of) || 0).to_r/86400
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of), of, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.weeknum(y=-4712, w=0, d=1, f=0, h=0, min=0, s=0, of=0, sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    fr = _valid_time?(h, min, s)
-    unless (jd = _valid_weeknum?(y, w, d, f, sg)) &&
-	   (fr)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    if String === of
-      of = (zone_to_diff(of) || 0).to_r/86400
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of), of, sg)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :weeknum
-
-  def self.nth_kday(y=-4712, m=1, n=1, k=1, h=0, min=0, s=0, of=0, sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    fr = _valid_time?(h, min, s)
-    unless (jd = _valid_nth_kday?(y, m, n, k, sg)) &&
-	   (fr)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    if String === of
-      of = (zone_to_diff(of) || 0).to_r/86400
-    end
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of), of, sg)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :nth_kday
-
-  def self.new_by_frags(elem, sg) # :nodoc:
-    elem = rewrite_frags(elem)
-    elem = complete_frags(elem)
-    fr = valid_time_frags?(elem)
-    unless (jd = valid_date_frags?(elem, sg)) &&
-	   (fr)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'invalid date'
-    end
-    sf = (elem[:sec_fraction] || 0)
-    fr += sf/86400
-    of = (elem[:offset] || 0)
-    of = of.to_r/86400
-    new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, fr, of), of, sg)
-  end
-
-  private_class_method :new_by_frags
-
-  # Create a new DateTime object by parsing from a String
-  # according to a specified format.
-  #
-  # +str+ is a String holding a date-time representation.
-  # +fmt+ is the format that the date-time is in.  See
-  # date/format.rb for details on supported formats.
-  #
-  # The default +str+ is '-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00', and the default
-  # +fmt+ is '%FT%T%z'.  This gives midnight on Julian Day Number day 0.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  #
-  # An ArgumentError will be raised if +str+ cannot be
-  # parsed.
-  def self.strptime(str='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00', fmt='%FT%T%z', sg=ITALY)
-    elem = _strptime(str, fmt)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  # Create a new DateTime object by parsing from a String,
-  # without specifying the format.
-  #
-  # +str+ is a String holding a date-time representation.
-  # +comp+ specifies whether to interpret 2-digit years
-  # as 19XX (>= 69) or 20XX (< 69); the default is not to.
-  # The method will attempt to parse a date-time from the String
-  # using various heuristics; see #_parse in date/format.rb
-  # for more details.  If parsing fails, an ArgumentError
-  # will be raised.
-  #
-  # The default +str+ is '-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'; this is Julian
-  # Day Number day 0.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def self.parse(str='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00', hints={}, sg=ITALY)
-    elem = _parse(str, hints)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.iso8601(str='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _iso8601(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.rfc3339(str='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _rfc3339(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.xmlschema(str='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _xmlschema(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.rfc2822(str='Mon, 1 Jan -4712 00:00:00 +0000', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _rfc2822(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  class << self; alias_method :rfc822, :rfc2822 end
-
-  def self.httpdate(str='Mon, 01 Jan -4712 00:00:00 GMT', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _httpdate(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  def self.jisx0301(str='-4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00', sg=ITALY) # :nodoc:
-    elem = _jisx0301(str)
-    new_by_frags(elem, sg)
-  end
-
-  public :hour, :min, :sec, :sec_fraction, :zone, :offset, :new_offset
-
-end
-
-class Time
-
-  def to_time() getlocal end
-
-  def to_date
-    jd = Date.__send__(:civil_to_jd, year(), mon(), mday(), Date::ITALY)
-    Date.new!(Date.__send__(:jd_to_ajd, jd, 0, 0), 0, Date::ITALY)
-  end
-
-  def to_datetime
-    jd = DateTime.__send__(:civil_to_jd, year(), mon(), mday(), DateTime::ITALY)
-    fr = DateTime.__send__(:time_to_day_fraction, hour(), min(), [sec, 59].min) +
-      nsec.to_r/86400_000_000_000
-    of = utc_offset.to_r/86400
-    DateTime.new!(DateTime.__send__(:jd_to_ajd, jd, fr, of),
-		  of, DateTime::ITALY)
-  end
-
-end
-
-class Date
-
-  def to_time() Time.local(year(), mon(), mday()) end
-  def to_date() self end
-  def to_datetime() DateTime.new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), @of, @sg) end
-
-  # Create a new Date object representing today.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def self.today(sg=ITALY) Time.now.to_date    .new_start(sg) end
-
-  # Create a new DateTime object representing the current time.
-  #
-  # +sg+ specifies the Day of Calendar Reform.
-  def self.now  (sg=ITALY) Time.now.to_datetime.new_start(sg) end
-
-  private_class_method :now
-
-end
-
-class DateTime < Date
-
-  def to_time
-    d = new_offset(0)
-    d.instance_eval do
-      Time.utc(year(), mon(), mday(), hour(), min(), sec + sec_fraction)
-    end.
-	getlocal
-  end
-
-  def to_date() Date.new!(jd_to_ajd(jd, 0, 0), 0, @sg) end
-  def to_datetime() self end
-
-  private_class_method :today
-  public_class_method  :now
-
-end