rho-tau-extensions 5.5.17

data/libs/openssl-edge/ext/ossl_rand.c

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+/*
+ * 'OpenSSL for Ruby' project
+ * Copyright (C) 2001-2002  Michal Rokos <m.rokos@sh.cvut.cz>
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is licensed under the same licence as Ruby.
+ * (See the file 'LICENCE'.)
+ */
+#include "ossl.h"
+
+VALUE mRandom;
+VALUE eRandomError;
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     seed(str) -> str
+ *
+ * ::seed is equivalent to ::add where +entropy+ is length of +str+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_seed(VALUE self, VALUE str)
+{
+    StringValue(str);
+    RAND_seed(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str));
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     add(str, entropy) -> self
+ *
+ * Mixes the bytes from +str+ into the Pseudo Random Number Generator(PRNG)
+ * state.
+ *
+ * Thus, if the data from +str+ are unpredictable to an adversary, this
+ * increases the uncertainty about the state and makes the PRNG output less
+ * predictable.
+ *
+ * The +entropy+ argument is (the lower bound of) an estimate of how much
+ * randomness is contained in +str+, measured in bytes.
+ *
+ * === Example
+ *
+ *    pid = $$
+ *    now = Time.now
+ *    ary = [now.to_i, now.nsec, 1000, pid]
+ *    OpenSSL::Random.add(ary.join, 0.0)
+ *    OpenSSL::Random.seed(ary.join)
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_add(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE entropy)
+{
+    StringValue(str);
+    RAND_add(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str), NUM2DBL(entropy));
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     load_random_file(filename) -> true
+ *
+ * Reads bytes from +filename+ and adds them to the PRNG.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_load_file(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
+{
+    rb_check_safe_obj(filename);
+
+    if(!RAND_load_file(StringValueCStr(filename), -1)) {
+	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     write_random_file(filename) -> true
+ *
+ * Writes a number of random generated bytes (currently 1024) to +filename+
+ * which can be used to initialize the PRNG by calling ::load_random_file in a
+ * later session.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_write_file(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
+{
+    rb_check_safe_obj(filename);
+
+    if (RAND_write_file(StringValueCStr(filename)) == -1) {
+	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *	random_bytes(length) -> string
+ *
+ * Generates +string+ with +length+ number of cryptographically strong
+ * pseudo-random bytes.
+ *
+ * === Example
+ *
+ *    OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(12)
+ *    #=> "..."
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE len)
+{
+    VALUE str;
+    int n = NUM2INT(len);
+    int ret;
+
+    str = rb_str_new(0, n);
+    ret = RAND_bytes((unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), n);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+	ossl_raise(eRandomError, "RAND_bytes");
+    } else if (ret == -1) {
+	ossl_raise(eRandomError, "RAND_bytes is not supported");
+    }
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+#if defined(HAVE_RAND_PSEUDO_BYTES)
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *	pseudo_bytes(length) -> string
+ *
+ * Generates +string+ with +length+ number of pseudo-random bytes.
+ *
+ * Pseudo-random byte sequences generated by ::pseudo_bytes will be unique if
+ * they are of sufficient length, but are not necessarily unpredictable.
+ *
+ * === Example
+ *
+ *    OpenSSL::Random.pseudo_bytes(12)
+ *    #=> "..."
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_pseudo_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE len)
+{
+    VALUE str;
+    int n = NUM2INT(len);
+
+    str = rb_str_new(0, n);
+    if (RAND_pseudo_bytes((unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str), n) < 1) {
+	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+    }
+
+    return str;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RAND_EGD
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     egd(filename) -> true
+ *
+ * Same as ::egd_bytes but queries 255 bytes by default.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_egd(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
+{
+    rb_check_safe_obj(filename);
+
+    if (RAND_egd(StringValueCStr(filename)) == -1) {
+	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     egd_bytes(filename, length) -> true
+ *
+ * Queries the entropy gathering daemon EGD on socket path given by +filename+.
+ *
+ * Fetches +length+ number of bytes and uses ::add to seed the OpenSSL built-in
+ * PRNG.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_egd_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE filename, VALUE len)
+{
+    int n = NUM2INT(len);
+
+    rb_check_safe_obj(filename);
+
+    if (RAND_egd_bytes(StringValueCStr(filename), n) == -1) {
+	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
+    }
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_RAND_EGD */
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     status? => true | false
+ *
+ * Return true if the PRNG has been seeded with enough data, false otherwise.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_rand_status(VALUE self)
+{
+    return RAND_status() ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * INIT
+ */
+void
+Init_ossl_rand(void)
+{
+#if 0
+    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
+    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
+#endif
+
+    mRandom = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "Random");
+
+    eRandomError = rb_define_class_under(mRandom, "RandomError", eOSSLError);
+
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "seed", ossl_rand_seed, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "random_add", ossl_rand_add, 2);
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "load_random_file", ossl_rand_load_file, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "write_random_file", ossl_rand_write_file, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "random_bytes", ossl_rand_bytes, 1);
+#if defined(HAVE_RAND_PSEUDO_BYTES)
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "pseudo_bytes", ossl_rand_pseudo_bytes, 1);
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_RAND_EGD
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "egd", ossl_rand_egd, 1);
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "egd_bytes", ossl_rand_egd_bytes, 2);
+#endif /* HAVE_RAND_EGD */
+    rb_define_module_function(mRandom, "status?", ossl_rand_status, 0);
+}

data/libs/openssl-edge/ext/ossl_rand.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * 'OpenSSL for Ruby' project
+ * Copyright (C) 2001-2002  Michal Rokos <m.rokos@sh.cvut.cz>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ */
+/*
+ * This program is licensed under the same licence as Ruby.
+ * (See the file 'LICENCE'.)
+ */
+#if !defined(_OSSL_RAND_H_)
+#define _OSSL_RAND_H_
+
+extern VALUE mRandom;
+extern VALUE eRandomError;
+
+void Init_ossl_rand(void);
+
+#endif /* _OSSL_RAND_H_ */

data/libs/openssl-edge/ext/ossl_ssl.c

@@ -0,0 +1,2724 @@
+/*
+ * 'OpenSSL for Ruby' project
+ * Copyright (C) 2000-2002  GOTOU Yuuzou <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2001-2002  Michal Rokos <m.rokos@sh.cvut.cz>
+ * Copyright (C) 2001-2007  Technorama Ltd. <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ */
+/*
+ * This program is licensed under the same licence as Ruby.
+ * (See the file 'LICENCE'.)
+ */
+#include "ossl.h"
+
+#if defined(HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h> /* for read(), and write() */
+#endif
+
+#define numberof(ary) (int)(sizeof(ary)/sizeof((ary)[0]))
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#  define TO_SOCKET(s) _get_osfhandle(s)
+#else
+#  define TO_SOCKET(s) (s)
+#endif
+
+#define GetSSLCTX(obj, ctx) do { \
+	TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), SSL_CTX, &ossl_sslctx_type, (ctx));	\
+} while (0)
+
+VALUE mSSL;
+static VALUE mSSLExtConfig;
+static VALUE eSSLError;
+VALUE cSSLContext;
+VALUE cSSLSocket;
+
+static VALUE eSSLErrorWaitReadable;
+static VALUE eSSLErrorWaitWritable;
+
+static ID ID_callback_state;
+static VALUE sym_exception, sym_wait_readable, sym_wait_writable;
+
+static ID id_i_cert_store, id_i_ca_file, id_i_ca_path, id_i_verify_mode,
+	  id_i_verify_depth, id_i_verify_callback, id_i_client_ca,
+	  id_i_renegotiation_cb, id_i_cert, id_i_key, id_i_extra_chain_cert,
+	  id_i_client_cert_cb, id_i_tmp_ecdh_callback, id_i_timeout,
+	  id_i_session_id_context, id_i_session_get_cb, id_i_session_new_cb,
+	  id_i_session_remove_cb, id_i_npn_select_cb, id_i_npn_protocols,
+	  id_i_alpn_select_cb, id_i_alpn_protocols, id_i_servername_cb,
+	  id_i_verify_hostname;
+static ID id_i_io, id_i_context, id_i_hostname;
+
+/*
+ * SSLContext class
+ */
+static const struct {
+    const char *name;
+    SSL_METHOD *(*func)(void); /* FIXME: constify when dropping 0.9.8 */
+    int version;
+} ossl_ssl_method_tab[] = {
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_MIN_PROTO_VERSION)
+#define OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY(name, version) \
+    { #name,          (SSL_METHOD *(*)(void))TLS_method, version }, \
+    { #name"_server", (SSL_METHOD *(*)(void))TLS_server_method, version }, \
+    { #name"_client", (SSL_METHOD *(*)(void))TLS_client_method, version }
+#else
+#define OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY(name, version) \
+    { #name,          (SSL_METHOD *(*)(void))name##_method, version }, \
+    { #name"_server", (SSL_METHOD *(*)(void))name##_server_method, version }, \
+    { #name"_client", (SSL_METHOD *(*)(void))name##_client_method, version }
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_SSLV2_METHOD)
+    OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY(SSLv2, SSL2_VERSION),
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_SSLV3_METHOD)
+    OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY(SSLv3, SSL3_VERSION),
+#endif
+    OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY(TLSv1, TLS1_VERSION),
+#if defined(HAVE_TLSV1_1_METHOD)
+    OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY(TLSv1_1, TLS1_1_VERSION),
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_TLSV1_2_METHOD)
+    OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY(TLSv1_2, TLS1_2_VERSION),
+#endif
+    OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY(SSLv23, 0),
+#undef OSSL_SSL_METHOD_ENTRY
+};
+
+static int ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx;
+static int ossl_ssl_ex_store_p;
+static int ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx;
+
+static void
+ossl_sslctx_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx = ptr;
+#if !defined(HAVE_X509_STORE_UP_REF)
+    if(ctx && SSL_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, ossl_ssl_ex_store_p)== (void*)1)
+	ctx->cert_store = NULL;
+#endif
+    SSL_CTX_free(ctx);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ossl_sslctx_type = {
+    "OpenSSL/SSL/CTX",
+    {
+	0, ossl_sslctx_free,
+    },
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    long mode = SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE |
+	SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+#ifdef SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS
+    mode |= SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS;
+#endif
+
+    obj = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &ossl_sslctx_type, 0);
+    ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_method());
+    if (!ctx) {
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_new");
+    }
+    SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx, mode);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = ctx;
+    SSL_CTX_set_ex_data(ctx, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx, (void*)obj);
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC) && defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ECDH_AUTO)
+    /* We use SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list() to specify the curve used in ECDH. It
+     * allows to specify multiple curve names and OpenSSL will select
+     * automatically from them. In OpenSSL 1.0.2, the automatic selection has to
+     * be enabled explicitly. But OpenSSL 1.1.0 removed the knob and it is
+     * always enabled. To uniform the behavior, we enable the automatic
+     * selection also in 1.0.2. Users can still disable ECDH by removing ECDH
+     * cipher suites by SSLContext#ciphers=. */
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto(ctx, 1))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto");
+#endif
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.ssl_version = :TLSv1
+ *    ctx.ssl_version = "SSLv23_client"
+ *
+ * Sets the SSL/TLS protocol version for the context. This forces connections to
+ * use only the specified protocol version.
+ *
+ * You can get a list of valid versions with OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::METHODS
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_ssl_version(VALUE self, VALUE ssl_method)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    const char *s;
+    VALUE m = ssl_method;
+    int i;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(ssl_method, T_SYMBOL))
+	//TAU
+    //m = rb_sym2str(ssl_method);
+    //s = StringValueCStr(m);
+    s = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(ssl_method));
+
+    for (i = 0; i < numberof(ossl_ssl_method_tab); i++) {
+        if (strcmp(ossl_ssl_method_tab[i].name, s) == 0) {
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_MIN_PROTO_VERSION)
+	    int version = ossl_ssl_method_tab[i].version;
+#endif
+	    SSL_METHOD *method = ossl_ssl_method_tab[i].func();
+
+	    if (SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version(ctx, method) != 1)
+		ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version");
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_MIN_PROTO_VERSION)
+	    if (!SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(ctx, version))
+		ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version");
+	    if (!SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(ctx, version))
+		ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version");
+#endif
+	    return ssl_method;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown SSL method `%"PRIsVALUE"'.", m);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_client_cert_cb(VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE ctx_obj, cb, ary, cert, key;
+
+    ctx_obj = rb_attr_get(obj, id_i_context);
+    cb = rb_attr_get(ctx_obj, id_i_client_cert_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb))
+	return Qnil;
+
+    ary = rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, obj);
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    GetX509CertPtr(cert = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0));
+    GetPrivPKeyPtr(key = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1));
+
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, cert, key);
+}
+
+static int
+ossl_client_cert_cb(SSL *ssl, X509 **x509, EVP_PKEY **pkey)
+{
+    VALUE obj, ret;
+
+    obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    ret = rb_protect(ossl_call_client_cert_cb, obj, NULL);
+    if (NIL_P(ret))
+	return 0;
+
+    *x509 = DupX509CertPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ret, 0));
+    *pkey = DupPKeyPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ret, 1));
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DH)
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback(VALUE args)
+{
+    VALUE cb, dh;
+    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
+
+    cb = rb_funcall(rb_ary_entry(args, 0), rb_intern("tmp_dh_callback"), 0);
+
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qfalse;
+    dh = rb_apply(cb, rb_intern("call"), args);
+    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(dh);
+    if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != EVP_PKEY_DH) return Qfalse;
+
+    return dh;
+}
+
+static DH*
+ossl_tmp_dh_callback(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength)
+{
+    VALUE args, dh, rb_ssl;
+
+    rb_ssl = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+
+    args = rb_ary_new_from_args(3, rb_ssl, INT2NUM(is_export), INT2NUM(keylength));
+
+    dh = rb_protect(ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback, args, NULL);
+    if (!RTEST(dh)) return NULL;
+
+    return EVP_PKEY_get0_DH(GetPKeyPtr(dh));
+}
+#endif /* OPENSSL_NO_DH */
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC) && defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_TMP_ECDH_CALLBACK)
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_tmp_ecdh_callback(VALUE args)
+{
+    VALUE cb, ecdh;
+    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
+
+    cb = rb_funcall(rb_ary_entry(args, 0), rb_intern("tmp_ecdh_callback"), 0);
+
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qfalse;
+    ecdh = rb_apply(cb, rb_intern("call"), args);
+    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(ecdh);
+    if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != EVP_PKEY_EC) return Qfalse;
+
+    return ecdh;
+}
+
+static EC_KEY*
+ossl_tmp_ecdh_callback(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength)
+{
+    VALUE args, ecdh, rb_ssl;
+
+    rb_ssl = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+
+    args = rb_ary_new_from_args(3, rb_ssl, INT2NUM(is_export), INT2NUM(keylength));
+
+    ecdh = rb_protect(ossl_call_tmp_ecdh_callback, args, NULL);
+    if (!RTEST(ecdh)) return NULL;
+
+    return EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(GetPKeyPtr(ecdh));
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE
+call_verify_certificate_identity(VALUE ctx_v)
+{
+    X509_STORE_CTX *ctx = (X509_STORE_CTX *)ctx_v;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    VALUE ssl_obj, hostname, cert_obj;
+
+    ssl = X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, SSL_get_ex_data_X509_STORE_CTX_idx());
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    hostname = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_hostname);
+
+    if (!RTEST(hostname)) {
+	rb_warning("verify_hostname requires hostname to be set");
+	return Qtrue;
+    }
+
+    cert_obj = ossl_x509_new(X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(ctx));
+    return rb_funcall(mSSL, rb_intern("verify_certificate_identity"), 2,
+		      cert_obj, hostname);
+}
+
+static int
+ossl_ssl_verify_callback(int preverify_ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
+{
+    VALUE cb, ssl_obj, sslctx_obj, verify_hostname, ret;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    int status;
+
+    ssl = X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, SSL_get_ex_data_X509_STORE_CTX_idx());
+    cb = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx);
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    sslctx_obj = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_context);
+    verify_hostname = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_verify_hostname);
+
+    if (preverify_ok && RTEST(verify_hostname) && !SSL_is_server(ssl) &&
+	!X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth(ctx)) {
+	ret = rb_protect(call_verify_certificate_identity, (VALUE)ctx, &status);
+	if (status) {
+	    rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(status));
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	preverify_ok = ret == Qtrue;
+    }
+
+    return ossl_verify_cb_call(cb, preverify_ok, ctx);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_session_get_cb(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj, cb;
+
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    ssl_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+
+    cb = rb_funcall(ssl_obj, rb_intern("session_get_cb"), 0);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    return rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, ary);
+}
+
+/* this method is currently only called for servers (in OpenSSL <= 0.9.8e) */
+static SSL_SESSION *
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000L && !defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
+ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char *buf, int len, int *copy)
+#else
+ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb(SSL *ssl, unsigned char *buf, int len, int *copy)
+#endif
+{
+    VALUE ary, ssl_obj, ret_obj;
+    SSL_SESSION *sess;
+    void *ptr;
+    int state = 0;
+
+    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION get callback entered");
+    if ((ptr = SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx)) == NULL)
+    	return NULL;
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)ptr;
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, ssl_obj);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new((const char *)buf, len));
+
+    ret_obj = rb_protect(ossl_call_session_get_cb, ary, &state);
+    if (state) {
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!rb_obj_is_instance_of(ret_obj, cSSLSession))
+        return NULL;
+
+    SafeGetSSLSession(ret_obj, sess);
+    *copy = 1;
+
+    return sess;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_session_new_cb(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj, cb;
+
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    ssl_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+
+    cb = rb_funcall(ssl_obj, rb_intern("session_new_cb"), 0);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    return rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, ary);
+}
+
+/* return 1 normal.  return 0 removes the session */
+static int
+ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb(SSL *ssl, SSL_SESSION *sess)
+{
+    VALUE ary, ssl_obj, sess_obj;
+    void *ptr;
+    int state = 0;
+
+    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION new callback entered");
+
+    if ((ptr = SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx)) == NULL)
+    	return 1;
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)ptr;
+    sess_obj = rb_obj_alloc(cSSLSession);
+    SSL_SESSION_up_ref(sess);
+    DATA_PTR(sess_obj) = sess;
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, ssl_obj);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, sess_obj);
+
+    rb_protect(ossl_call_session_new_cb, ary, &state);
+    if (state) {
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * return 0 which means to OpenSSL that the session is still
+     * valid (since we created Ruby Session object) and was not freed by us
+     * with SSL_SESSION_free(). Call SSLContext#remove_session(sess) in
+     * session_get_cb block if you don't want OpenSSL to cache the session
+     * internally.
+     */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_session_remove_cb(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE sslctx_obj, cb;
+
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    sslctx_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_session_remove_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    return rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, ary);
+}
+
+static void
+ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb(SSL_CTX *ctx, SSL_SESSION *sess)
+{
+    VALUE ary, sslctx_obj, sess_obj;
+    void *ptr;
+    int state = 0;
+
+    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback entered");
+
+    if ((ptr = SSL_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx)) == NULL)
+    	return;
+    sslctx_obj = (VALUE)ptr;
+    sess_obj = rb_obj_alloc(cSSLSession);
+    SSL_SESSION_up_ref(sess);
+    DATA_PTR(sess_obj) = sess;
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, sslctx_obj);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, sess_obj);
+
+    rb_protect(ossl_call_session_remove_cb, ary, &state);
+    if (state) {
+/*
+  the SSL_CTX is frozen, nowhere to save state.
+  there is no common accessor method to check it either.
+        rb_ivar_set(sslctx_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+*/
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(i, arg))
+{
+    X509 *x509;
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(arg, ctx);
+    x509 = DupX509CertPtr(i);
+    if(!SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(ctx, x509)){
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+    }
+
+    return i;
+}
+
+static VALUE ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET_TLSEXT_HOST_NAME
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_servername_cb(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj, sslctx_obj, cb, ret_obj;
+
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    ssl_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+
+    sslctx_obj = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_context);
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_servername_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    ret_obj = rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, ary);
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ret_obj, cSSLContext)) {
+        SSL *ssl;
+        SSL_CTX *ctx2;
+
+        ossl_sslctx_setup(ret_obj);
+        GetSSL(ssl_obj, ssl);
+        GetSSLCTX(ret_obj, ctx2);
+        SSL_set_SSL_CTX(ssl, ctx2);
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, id_i_context, ret_obj);
+    } else if (!NIL_P(ret_obj)) {
+	ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "servername_cb must return an "
+		   "OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext object or nil");
+    }
+
+    return ret_obj;
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_servername_cb(SSL *ssl, int *ad, void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE ary, ssl_obj;
+    void *ptr;
+    int state = 0;
+    const char *servername = SSL_get_servername(ssl, TLSEXT_NAMETYPE_host_name);
+
+    if (!servername)
+        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+
+    if ((ptr = SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx)) == NULL)
+    	return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_ALERT_FATAL;
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)ptr;
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, ssl_obj);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(servername));
+
+    rb_protect(ossl_call_servername_cb, ary, &state);
+    if (state) {
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_ALERT_FATAL;
+    }
+
+    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+ssl_renegotiation_cb(const SSL *ssl)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj, sslctx_obj, cb;
+    void *ptr;
+
+    if ((ptr = SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx)) == NULL)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL object could not be retrieved");
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)ptr;
+
+    sslctx_obj = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_context);
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_renegotiation_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return;
+
+    (void) rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, ssl_obj);
+}
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_NEXT_PROTO_SELECT_CB) || \
+    defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ALPN_SELECT_CB)
+static VALUE
+ssl_npn_encode_protocol_i(VALUE cur, VALUE encoded)
+{
+    int len = RSTRING_LENINT(cur);
+    char len_byte;
+    if (len < 1 || len > 255)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "Advertised protocol must have length 1..255");
+    /* Encode the length byte */
+    len_byte = len;
+    rb_str_buf_cat(encoded, &len_byte, 1);
+    rb_str_buf_cat(encoded, RSTRING_PTR(cur), len);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ssl_encode_npn_protocols(VALUE protocols)
+{
+    VALUE encoded = rb_str_new(NULL, 0);
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, protocols, ssl_npn_encode_protocol_i, encoded);
+    return encoded;
+}
+
+struct npn_select_cb_common_args {
+    VALUE cb;
+    const unsigned char *in;
+    unsigned inlen;
+};
+
+static VALUE
+npn_select_cb_common_i(VALUE tmp)
+{
+    struct npn_select_cb_common_args *args = (void *)tmp;
+    const unsigned char *in = args->in, *in_end = in + args->inlen;
+    unsigned char l;
+    long len;
+    VALUE selected, protocols = rb_ary_new();
+
+    /* assume OpenSSL verifies this format */
+    /* The format is len_1|proto_1|...|len_n|proto_n */
+    while (in < in_end) {
+	l = *in++;
+	rb_ary_push(protocols, rb_str_new((const char *)in, l));
+	in += l;
+    }
+
+    selected = rb_funcall(args->cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, protocols);
+    StringValue(selected);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(selected);
+    if (len < 1 || len >= 256) {
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "Selected protocol name must have length 1..255");
+    }
+
+    return selected;
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_npn_select_cb_common(SSL *ssl, VALUE cb, const unsigned char **out,
+			 unsigned char *outlen, const unsigned char *in,
+			 unsigned int inlen)
+{
+    VALUE selected;
+    int status;
+    struct npn_select_cb_common_args args = { cb, in, inlen };
+
+    selected = rb_protect(npn_select_cb_common_i, (VALUE)&args, &status);
+    if (status) {
+	VALUE ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+
+	rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(status));
+	return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_ALERT_FATAL;
+    }
+
+    *out = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(selected);
+    *outlen = (unsigned char)RSTRING_LEN(selected);
+
+    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_NEXT_PROTO_SELECT_CB
+static int
+ssl_npn_advertise_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char **out, unsigned int *outlen,
+		     void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE protocols = (VALUE)arg;
+
+    *out = (const unsigned char *) RSTRING_PTR(protocols);
+    *outlen = RSTRING_LENINT(protocols);
+
+    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_npn_select_cb(SSL *ssl, unsigned char **out, unsigned char *outlen,
+		  const unsigned char *in, unsigned int inlen, void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE sslctx_obj, cb;
+
+    sslctx_obj = (VALUE) arg;
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_npn_select_cb);
+
+    return ssl_npn_select_cb_common(ssl, cb, (const unsigned char **)out,
+				    outlen, in, inlen);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ALPN_SELECT_CB
+static int
+ssl_alpn_select_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char **out, unsigned char *outlen,
+		   const unsigned char *in, unsigned int inlen, void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE sslctx_obj, cb;
+
+    sslctx_obj = (VALUE) arg;
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_alpn_select_cb);
+
+    return ssl_npn_select_cb_common(ssl, cb, out, outlen, in, inlen);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* This function may serve as the entry point to support further callbacks. */
+static void
+ssl_info_cb(const SSL *ssl, int where, int val)
+{
+    int is_server = SSL_is_server((SSL *)ssl);
+
+    if (is_server && where & SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START) {
+	ssl_renegotiation_cb(ssl);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Gets various OpenSSL options.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_options(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    return LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_get_options(ctx));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sets various OpenSSL options.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_options(VALUE self, VALUE options)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    SSL_CTX_clear_options(ctx, SSL_CTX_get_options(ctx));
+
+    if (NIL_P(options)) {
+	SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_ALL);
+    } else {
+	SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, NUM2LONG(options));
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.setup => Qtrue # first time
+ *    ctx.setup => nil # thereafter
+ *
+ * This method is called automatically when a new SSLSocket is created.
+ * However, it is not thread-safe and must be called before creating
+ * SSLSocket objects in a multi-threaded program.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    X509 *cert = NULL, *client_ca = NULL;
+    EVP_PKEY *key = NULL;
+    char *ca_path = NULL, *ca_file = NULL;
+    int verify_mode;
+    long i;
+    VALUE val;
+
+    if(OBJ_FROZEN(self)) return Qnil;
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DH)
+    SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(ctx, ossl_tmp_dh_callback);
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC)
+    /* We added SSLContext#tmp_ecdh_callback= in Ruby 2.3.0,
+     * but SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh_callback() was removed in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_tmp_ecdh_callback))) {
+# if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_TMP_ECDH_CALLBACK)
+	rb_warn("#tmp_ecdh_callback= is deprecated; use #ecdh_curves= instead");
+	SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh_callback(ctx, ossl_tmp_ecdh_callback);
+#  if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ECDH_AUTO)
+	/* tmp_ecdh_callback and ecdh_auto conflict; OpenSSL ignores
+	 * tmp_ecdh_callback. So disable ecdh_auto. */
+	if (!SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto(ctx, 0))
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto");
+#  endif
+# else
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "OpenSSL does not support tmp_ecdh_callback; "
+		   "use #ecdh_curves= instead");
+# endif
+    }
+#endif /* OPENSSL_NO_EC */
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_cert_store);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+	X509_STORE *store = GetX509StorePtr(val); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
+	SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ctx, store);
+#if !defined(HAVE_X509_STORE_UP_REF)
+	/*
+         * WORKAROUND:
+	 *   X509_STORE can count references, but
+	 *   X509_STORE_free() doesn't care it.
+	 *   So we won't increment it but mark it by ex_data.
+	 */
+        SSL_CTX_set_ex_data(ctx, ossl_ssl_ex_store_p, (void *)1);
+#else /* Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2; bff9ce4db38b (master), 5b4b9ce976fc (1.0.2) */
+	X509_STORE_up_ref(store);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_extra_chain_cert);
+    if(!NIL_P(val)){
+	rb_block_call(val, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i, self);
+    }
+
+    /* private key may be bundled in certificate file. */
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_cert);
+    cert = NIL_P(val) ? NULL : GetX509CertPtr(val); /* NO DUP NEEDED */
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_key);
+    key = NIL_P(val) ? NULL : GetPrivPKeyPtr(val); /* NO DUP NEEDED */
+    if (cert && key) {
+        if (!SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ctx, cert)) {
+            /* Adds a ref => Safe to FREE */
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_certificate");
+        }
+        if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ctx, key)) {
+            /* Adds a ref => Safe to FREE */
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey");
+        }
+        if (!SSL_CTX_check_private_key(ctx)) {
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_check_private_key");
+        }
+    }
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_client_ca);
+    if(!NIL_P(val)){
+	if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY)) {
+	    for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(val); i++){
+		client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(RARRAY_AREF(val, i));
+        	if (!SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, client_ca)){
+		    /* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
+        	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
+        	}
+	    }
+        }
+	else{
+	    client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(val); /* NO DUP NEEDED. */
+            if (!SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, client_ca)){
+		/* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
+        	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
+            }
+	}
+    }
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_ca_file);
+    ca_file = NIL_P(val) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(val);
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_ca_path);
+    ca_path = NIL_P(val) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(val);
+    if(ca_file || ca_path){
+	if (!SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, ca_file, ca_path))
+	    rb_warning("can't set verify locations");
+    }
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_verify_mode);
+    verify_mode = NIL_P(val) ? SSL_VERIFY_NONE : NUM2INT(val);
+    SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, verify_mode, ossl_ssl_verify_callback);
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_client_cert_cb)))
+	SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb(ctx, ossl_client_cert_cb);
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_timeout);
+    if(!NIL_P(val)) SSL_CTX_set_timeout(ctx, NUM2LONG(val));
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_verify_depth);
+    if(!NIL_P(val)) SSL_CTX_set_verify_depth(ctx, NUM2INT(val));
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_NEXT_PROTO_SELECT_CB
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_npn_protocols);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+	VALUE encoded = ssl_encode_npn_protocols(val);
+	SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb(ctx, ssl_npn_advertise_cb, (void *)encoded);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL NPN advertise callback added");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_npn_select_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb(ctx, ssl_npn_select_cb, (void *) self);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL NPN select callback added");
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ALPN_SELECT_CB
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_alpn_protocols);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+	VALUE rprotos = ssl_encode_npn_protocols(val);
+
+	/* returns 0 on success */
+	if (SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(rprotos),
+				    RSTRING_LENINT(rprotos)))
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos");
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL ALPN values added");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_alpn_select_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb(ctx, ssl_alpn_select_cb, (void *) self);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL ALPN select callback added");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    rb_obj_freeze(self);
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_id_context);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)){
+	StringValue(val);
+	if (!SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(val),
+					    RSTRING_LENINT(val))){
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context");
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_get_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_sess_set_get_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION get callback added");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_new_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION new callback added");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_remove_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_sess_set_remove_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback added");
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET_TLSEXT_HOST_NAME
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_servername_cb);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+        SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback(ctx, ssl_servername_cb);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL TLSEXT servername callback added");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary(const SSL_CIPHER *cipher)
+{
+    VALUE ary;
+    int bits, alg_bits;
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(SSL_CIPHER_get_name(cipher)));
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(SSL_CIPHER_get_version(cipher)));
+    bits = SSL_CIPHER_get_bits(cipher, &alg_bits);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(bits));
+    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(alg_bits));
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.ciphers => [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
+ *
+ * The list of cipher suites configured for this context.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_ciphers(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    STACK_OF(SSL_CIPHER) *ciphers;
+    const SSL_CIPHER *cipher;
+    VALUE ary;
+    int i, num;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    if(!ctx){
+        rb_warning("SSL_CTX is not initialized.");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    ciphers = SSL_CTX_get_ciphers(ctx);
+
+    if (!ciphers)
+        return rb_ary_new();
+
+    num = sk_SSL_CIPHER_num(ciphers);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(num);
+    for(i = 0; i < num; i++){
+        cipher = sk_SSL_CIPHER_value(ciphers, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary(cipher));
+    }
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.ciphers = "cipher1:cipher2:..."
+ *    ctx.ciphers = [name, ...]
+ *    ctx.ciphers = [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
+ *
+ * Sets the list of available cipher suites for this context.  Note in a server
+ * context some ciphers require the appropriate certificates.  For example, an
+ * RSA cipher suite can only be chosen when an RSA certificate is available.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers(VALUE self, VALUE v)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    VALUE str, elem;
+    int i;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    if (NIL_P(v))
+	return v;
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(v, T_ARRAY)) {
+        str = rb_str_new(0, 0);
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(v); i++) {
+            elem = rb_ary_entry(v, i);
+            if (RB_TYPE_P(elem, T_ARRAY)) elem = rb_ary_entry(elem, 0);
+            elem = rb_String(elem);
+            rb_str_append(str, elem);
+            if (i < RARRAY_LEN(v)-1) rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
+        }
+    } else {
+        str = v;
+        StringValue(str);
+    }
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    if(!ctx){
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX is not initialized.");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ctx, StringValueCStr(str))) {
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list");
+    }
+
+    return v;
+}
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC)
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.ecdh_curves = curve_list -> curve_list
+ *
+ * Sets the list of "supported elliptic curves" for this context.
+ *
+ * For a TLS client, the list is directly used in the Supported Elliptic Curves
+ * Extension. For a server, the list is used by OpenSSL to determine the set of
+ * shared curves. OpenSSL will pick the most appropriate one from it.
+ *
+ * Note that this works differently with old OpenSSL (<= 1.0.1). Only one curve
+ * can be set, and this has no effect for TLS clients.
+ *
+ * === Example
+ *   ctx1 = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
+ *   ctx1.ecdh_curves = "X25519:P-256:P-224"
+ *   svr = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer.new(tcp_svr, ctx1)
+ *   Thread.new { svr.accept }
+ *
+ *   ctx2 = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
+ *   ctx2.ecdh_curves = "P-256"
+ *   cli = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(tcp_sock, ctx2)
+ *   cli.connect
+ *
+ *   p cli.tmp_key.group.curve_name
+ *   # => "prime256v1" (is an alias for NIST P-256)
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    StringValueCStr(arg);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET1_CURVES_LIST)
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(arg)))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+#else
+    /* OpenSSL does not have SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list()... Fallback to
+     * SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh(). So only the first curve is used. */
+    {
+	VALUE curve, splitted;
+	EC_KEY *ec;
+	int nid;
+
+	splitted = rb_str_split(arg, ":");
+	if (!RARRAY_LEN(splitted))
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "invalid input format");
+	curve = RARRAY_AREF(splitted, 0);
+	StringValueCStr(curve);
+
+	/* SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list() accepts NIST names */
+	nid = EC_curve_nist2nid(RSTRING_PTR(curve));
+	if (nid == NID_undef)
+	    nid = OBJ_txt2nid(RSTRING_PTR(curve));
+	if (nid == NID_undef)
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "unknown curve name");
+
+	ec = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(nid);
+	if (!ec)
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+	EC_KEY_set_asn1_flag(ec, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
+	if (!SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh(ctx, ec)) {
+	    EC_KEY_free(ec);
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh");
+	}
+	EC_KEY_free(ec);
+# if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ECDH_AUTO)
+	/* tmp_ecdh and ecdh_auto conflict. tmp_ecdh is ignored when ecdh_auto
+	 * is enabled. So disable ecdh_auto. */
+	if (!SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto(ctx, 0))
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto");
+# endif
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return arg;
+}
+#else
+#define ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.security_level -> Integer
+ *
+ * Returns the security level for the context.
+ *
+ * See also OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#security_level=.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_security_level(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_GET_SECURITY_LEVEL)
+    return INT2NUM(SSL_CTX_get_security_level(ctx));
+#else
+    (void)ctx;
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.security_level = integer
+ *
+ * Sets the security level for the context. OpenSSL limits parameters according
+ * to the level. The "parameters" include: ciphersuites, curves, key sizes,
+ * certificate signature algorithms, protocol version and so on. For example,
+ * level 1 rejects parameters offering below 80 bits of security, such as
+ * ciphersuites using MD5 for the MAC or RSA keys shorter than 1024 bits.
+ *
+ * Note that attempts to set such parameters with insufficient security are
+ * also blocked. You need to lower the level first.
+ *
+ * This feature is not supported in OpenSSL < 1.1.0, and setting the level to
+ * other than 0 will raise NotImplementedError. Level 0 means everything is
+ * permitted, the same behavior as previous versions of OpenSSL.
+ *
+ * See the manpage of SSL_CTX_set_security_level(3) for details.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_security_level(VALUE self, VALUE value)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_GET_SECURITY_LEVEL)
+    SSL_CTX_set_security_level(ctx, NUM2INT(value));
+#else
+    (void)ctx;
+    if (NUM2INT(value) != 0)
+	ossl_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "setting security level to other than 0 is "
+		   "not supported in this version of OpenSSL");
+#endif
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_add(session) -> true | false
+ *
+ * Adds +session+ to the session cache.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_session_add(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    SSL_SESSION *sess;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    SafeGetSSLSession(arg, sess);
+
+    return SSL_CTX_add_session(ctx, sess) == 1 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_remove(session) -> true | false
+ *
+ * Removes +session+ from the session cache.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_session_remove(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    SSL_SESSION *sess;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    SafeGetSSLSession(arg, sess);
+
+    return SSL_CTX_remove_session(ctx, sess) == 1 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_mode -> Integer
+ *
+ * The current session cache mode.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_mode(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    return LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_get_session_cache_mode(ctx));
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_mode=(integer) -> Integer
+ *
+ * Sets the SSL session cache mode.  Bitwise-or together the desired
+ * SESSION_CACHE_* constants to set.  See SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(3) for
+ * details.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_mode(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(ctx, NUM2LONG(arg));
+
+    return arg;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_size -> Integer
+ *
+ * Returns the current session cache size.  Zero is used to represent an
+ * unlimited cache size.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    return LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_get_cache_size(ctx));
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_size=(integer) -> Integer
+ *
+ * Sets the session cache size.  Returns the previously valid session cache
+ * size.  Zero is used to represent an unlimited session cache size.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_size(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size(ctx, NUM2LONG(arg));
+
+    return arg;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_stats -> Hash
+ *
+ * Returns a Hash containing the following keys:
+ *
+ * :accept:: Number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in server mode
+ * :accept_good:: Number of established SSL/TLS sessions in server mode
+ * :accept_renegotiate:: Number of start renegotiations in server mode
+ * :cache_full:: Number of sessions that were removed due to cache overflow
+ * :cache_hits:: Number of successfully reused connections
+ * :cache_misses:: Number of sessions proposed by clients that were not found
+ *                 in the cache
+ * :cache_num:: Number of sessions in the internal session cache
+ * :cb_hits:: Number of sessions retrieved from the external cache in server
+ *            mode
+ * :connect:: Number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in client mode
+ * :connect_good:: Number of established SSL/TLS sessions in client mode
+ * :connect_renegotiate:: Number of start renegotiations in client mode
+ * :timeouts:: Number of sessions proposed by clients that were found in the
+ *             cache but had expired due to timeouts
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_stats(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    VALUE hash;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    hash = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_num")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_number(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect_good")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect_good(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect_renegotiate")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept_good")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept_good(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept_renegotiate")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_hits")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_hits(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cb_hits")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_cb_hits(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_misses")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_misses(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_full")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_cache_full(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("timeouts")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_timeouts(ctx)));
+
+    return hash;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.flush_sessions(time | nil) -> self
+ *
+ * Removes sessions in the internal cache that have expired at +time+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_flush_sessions(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE arg1;
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    time_t tm = 0;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg1);
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    if (NIL_P(arg1)) {
+        tm = time(0);
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(arg1, rb_cTime)) {
+        tm = NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(arg1, rb_intern("to_i"), 0));
+    } else {
+        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "arg must be Time or nil");
+    }
+
+    SSL_CTX_flush_sessions(ctx, (long)tm);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * SSLSocket class
+ */
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_SOCK
+static inline int
+ssl_started(SSL *ssl)
+{
+    /* the FD is set in ossl_ssl_setup(), called by #connect or #accept */
+    return SSL_get_fd(ssl) >= 0;
+}
+
+static void
+ossl_ssl_shutdown(SSL *ssl)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    /* 4 is from SSL_smart_shutdown() of mod_ssl.c (v2.2.19) */
+    /* It says max 2x pending + 2x data = 4 */
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+	/*
+	 * Ignore the case SSL_shutdown returns -1. Empty handshake_func
+	 * must not happen.
+	 */
+	if (SSL_shutdown(ssl) != 0)
+	    break;
+    }
+    ossl_clear_error();
+}
+
+static void
+ossl_ssl_free(void *ssl)
+{
+    SSL_free(ssl);
+}
+
+const rb_data_type_t ossl_ssl_type = {
+    "OpenSSL/SSL",
+    {
+	0, ossl_ssl_free,
+    },
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &ossl_ssl_type, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    SSLSocket.new(io) => aSSLSocket
+ *    SSLSocket.new(io, ctx) => aSSLSocket
+ *
+ * Creates a new SSL socket from +io+ which must be a real IO object (not an
+ * IO-like object that responds to read/write).
+ *
+ * If +ctx+ is provided the SSL Sockets initial params will be taken from
+ * the context.
+ *
+ * The OpenSSL::Buffering module provides additional IO methods.
+ *
+ * This method will freeze the SSLContext if one is provided;
+ * however, session management is still allowed in the frozen SSLContext.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE io, v_ctx, verify_cb;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, SSL, &ossl_ssl_type, ssl);
+    if (ssl)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL already initialized");
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &io, &v_ctx) == 1)
+	v_ctx = rb_funcall(cSSLContext, rb_intern("new"), 0);
+
+    GetSSLCTX(v_ctx, ctx);
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_context, v_ctx);
+    ossl_sslctx_setup(v_ctx);
+
+    if (rb_respond_to(io, rb_intern("nonblock=")))
+	rb_funcall(io, rb_intern("nonblock="), 1, Qtrue);
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_io, io);
+
+    ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
+    if (!ssl)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = ssl;
+
+    SSL_set_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx, (void *)self);
+    SSL_set_info_callback(ssl, ssl_info_cb);
+    verify_cb = rb_attr_get(v_ctx, id_i_verify_callback);
+    SSL_set_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx, (void *)verify_cb);
+
+    rb_call_super(0, NULL);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE io;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (ssl_started(ssl))
+	return Qtrue;
+
+    io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
+    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
+    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
+    rb_io_check_writable(fptr);
+    SSL_set_fd(ssl, TO_SOCKET(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr)));
+
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) (errno = rb_w32_map_errno(WSAGetLastError()), SSL_get_error((ssl), (ret)))
+#else
+#define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) SSL_get_error((ssl), (ret))
+#endif
+
+static void
+write_would_block(int nonblock)
+{
+    if (nonblock) {
+        VALUE exc = ossl_exc_new(eSSLErrorWaitWritable, "write would block");
+        rb_exc_raise(exc);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+read_would_block(int nonblock)
+{
+    if (nonblock) {
+        VALUE exc = ossl_exc_new(eSSLErrorWaitReadable, "read would block");
+        rb_exc_raise(exc);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+no_exception_p(VALUE opts)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(opts, T_HASH) &&
+          rb_hash_lookup2(opts, sym_exception, Qundef) == Qfalse)
+	return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(), const char *funcname, VALUE opts)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    int ret, ret2;
+    VALUE cb_state;
+    int nonblock = opts != Qfalse;
+
+    rb_ivar_set(self, ID_callback_state, Qnil);
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    GetOpenFile(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io), fptr);
+    for(;;){
+	ret = func(ssl);
+
+	cb_state = rb_attr_get(self, ID_callback_state);
+        if (!NIL_P(cb_state)) {
+	    /* must cleanup OpenSSL error stack before re-raising */
+	    ossl_clear_error();
+	    rb_jump_tag(NUM2INT(cb_state));
+	}
+
+	if (ret > 0)
+	    break;
+
+	switch((ret2 = ssl_get_error(ssl, ret))){
+	case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+            if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_writable; }
+            write_would_block(nonblock);
+            rb_io_wait_writable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+            continue;
+	case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+            if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_readable; }
+            read_would_block(nonblock);
+            rb_io_wait_readable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+            continue;
+	case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
+	    if (errno) rb_sys_fail(funcname);
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "%s SYSCALL returned=%d errno=%d state=%s", funcname, ret2, errno, SSL_state_string_long(ssl));
+	default:
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "%s returned=%d errno=%d state=%s", funcname, ret2, errno, SSL_state_string_long(ssl));
+	}
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.connect => self
+ *
+ * Initiates an SSL/TLS handshake with a server.  The handshake may be started
+ * after unencrypted data has been sent over the socket.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_connect(VALUE self)
+{
+    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
+
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_connect, "SSL_connect", Qfalse);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.connect_nonblock([options]) => self
+ *
+ * Initiates the SSL/TLS handshake as a client in non-blocking manner.
+ *
+ *   # emulates blocking connect
+ *   begin
+ *     ssl.connect_nonblock
+ *   rescue IO::WaitReadable
+ *     IO.select([s2])
+ *     retry
+ *   rescue IO::WaitWritable
+ *     IO.select(nil, [s2])
+ *     retry
+ *   end
+ *
+ * By specifying `exception: false`, the options hash allows you to indicate
+ * that connect_nonblock should not raise an IO::WaitReadable or
+ * IO::WaitWritable exception, but return the symbol :wait_readable or
+ * :wait_writable instead.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_connect_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE opts;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "0:", &opts);
+
+    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
+
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_connect, "SSL_connect", opts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.accept => self
+ *
+ * Waits for a SSL/TLS client to initiate a handshake.  The handshake may be
+ * started after unencrypted data has been sent over the socket.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_accept(VALUE self)
+{
+    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
+
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_accept, "SSL_accept", Qfalse);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.accept_nonblock([options]) => self
+ *
+ * Initiates the SSL/TLS handshake as a server in non-blocking manner.
+ *
+ *   # emulates blocking accept
+ *   begin
+ *     ssl.accept_nonblock
+ *   rescue IO::WaitReadable
+ *     IO.select([s2])
+ *     retry
+ *   rescue IO::WaitWritable
+ *     IO.select(nil, [s2])
+ *     retry
+ *   end
+ *
+ * By specifying `exception: false`, the options hash allows you to indicate
+ * that accept_nonblock should not raise an IO::WaitReadable or
+ * IO::WaitWritable exception, but return the symbol :wait_readable or
+ * :wait_writable instead.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_accept_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE opts;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "0:", &opts);
+    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
+
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_accept, "SSL_accept", opts);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_read_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int nonblock)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    int ilen, nread = 0;
+    VALUE len, str;
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    VALUE io, opts = Qnil;
+
+    if (nonblock) {
+	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &len, &str, &opts);
+    } else {
+	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &len, &str);
+    }
+
+    ilen = NUM2INT(len);
+    if(NIL_P(str)) str = rb_str_new(0, ilen);
+    else{
+        StringValue(str);
+        rb_str_modify(str);
+        rb_str_resize(str, ilen);
+    }
+    if(ilen == 0) return str;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
+    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
+    if (ssl_started(ssl)) {
+	if(!nonblock && SSL_pending(ssl) <= 0)
+	    rb_thread_wait_fd(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+	for (;;){
+	    nread = SSL_read(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LENINT(str));
+	    switch(ssl_get_error(ssl, nread)){
+	    case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+		goto end;
+	    case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
+		if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return Qnil; }
+		rb_eof_error();
+	    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+		if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_writable; }
+                write_would_block(nonblock);
+                rb_io_wait_writable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+                continue;
+	    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+		if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_readable; }
+                read_would_block(nonblock);
+                rb_io_wait_readable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+		continue;
+	    case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
+		if(ERR_peek_error() == 0 && nread == 0) {
+		    if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return Qnil; }
+		    rb_eof_error();
+		}
+		rb_sys_fail(0);
+	    default:
+		ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_read");
+	    }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+	ID meth = nonblock ? rb_intern("read_nonblock") : rb_intern("sysread");
+
+	rb_warning("SSL session is not started yet.");
+	if (nonblock)
+	    return rb_funcall(io, meth, 3, len, str, opts);
+	else
+	    return rb_funcall(io, meth, 2, len, str);
+    }
+
+  end:
+    rb_str_set_len(str, nread);
+    OBJ_TAINT(str);
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.sysread(length) => string
+ *    ssl.sysread(length, buffer) => buffer
+ *
+ * Reads +length+ bytes from the SSL connection.  If a pre-allocated +buffer+
+ * is provided the data will be written into it.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    return ossl_ssl_read_internal(argc, argv, self, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.sysread_nonblock(length) => string
+ *    ssl.sysread_nonblock(length, buffer) => buffer
+ *    ssl.sysread_nonblock(length[, buffer [, opts]) => buffer
+ *
+ * A non-blocking version of #sysread.  Raises an SSLError if reading would
+ * block.  If "exception: false" is passed, this method returns a symbol of
+ * :wait_readable, :wait_writable, or nil, rather than raising an exception.
+ *
+ * Reads +length+ bytes from the SSL connection.  If a pre-allocated +buffer+
+ * is provided the data will be written into it.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_read_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    return ossl_ssl_read_internal(argc, argv, self, 1);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_write_internal(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE opts)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    int nwrite = 0;
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    int nonblock = opts != Qfalse;
+    VALUE io;
+
+    StringValue(str);
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
+    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
+    if (ssl_started(ssl)) {
+	for (;;){
+	    int num = RSTRING_LENINT(str);
+
+	    /* SSL_write(3ssl) manpage states num == 0 is undefined */
+	    if (num == 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	    nwrite = SSL_write(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), num);
+	    switch(ssl_get_error(ssl, nwrite)){
+	    case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+		goto end;
+	    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+		if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_writable; }
+                write_would_block(nonblock);
+                rb_io_wait_writable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+                continue;
+	    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+		if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_readable; }
+                read_would_block(nonblock);
+                rb_io_wait_readable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+                continue;
+	    case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
+		if (errno) rb_sys_fail(0);
+	    default:
+		ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_write");
+	    }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+	ID meth = nonblock ?
+	    rb_intern("write_nonblock") : rb_intern("syswrite");
+
+	rb_warning("SSL session is not started yet.");
+	if (nonblock)
+	    return rb_funcall(io, meth, 2, str, opts);
+	else
+	    return rb_funcall(io, meth, 1, str);
+    }
+
+  end:
+    return INT2NUM(nwrite);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.syswrite(string) => Integer
+ *
+ * Writes +string+ to the SSL connection.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_write(VALUE self, VALUE str)
+{
+    return ossl_ssl_write_internal(self, str, Qfalse);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.syswrite_nonblock(string) => Integer
+ *
+ * Writes +string+ to the SSL connection in a non-blocking manner.  Raises an
+ * SSLError if writing would block.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_write_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE str, opts;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opts);
+
+    return ossl_ssl_write_internal(self, str, opts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.stop => nil
+ *
+ * Sends "close notify" to the peer and tries to shut down the SSL connection
+ * gracefully.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_stop(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    ossl_ssl_shutdown(ssl);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.cert => cert or nil
+ *
+ * The X509 certificate for this socket endpoint.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_cert(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    X509 *cert = NULL;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    /*
+     * Is this OpenSSL bug? Should add a ref?
+     * TODO: Ask for.
+     */
+    cert = SSL_get_certificate(ssl); /* NO DUPs => DON'T FREE. */
+
+    if (!cert) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    return ossl_x509_new(cert);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.peer_cert => cert or nil
+ *
+ * The X509 certificate for this socket's peer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    X509 *cert = NULL;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(ssl); /* Adds a ref => Safe to FREE. */
+
+    if (!cert) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    obj = ossl_x509_new(cert);
+    X509_free(cert);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.peer_cert_chain => [cert, ...] or nil
+ *
+ * The X509 certificate chain for this socket's peer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert_chain(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    STACK_OF(X509) *chain;
+    X509 *cert;
+    VALUE ary;
+    int i, num;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    chain = SSL_get_peer_cert_chain(ssl);
+    if(!chain) return Qnil;
+    num = sk_X509_num(chain);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(num);
+    for (i = 0; i < num; i++){
+	cert = sk_X509_value(chain, i);
+	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509_new(cert));
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+* call-seq:
+*    ssl.ssl_version => String
+*
+* Returns a String representing the SSL/TLS version that was negotiated
+* for the connection, for example "TLSv1.2".
+*/
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_version(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    return rb_str_new2(SSL_get_version(ssl));
+}
+
+/*
+* call-seq:
+*    ssl.cipher => [name, version, bits, alg_bits]
+*
+* The cipher being used for the current connection
+*/
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_cipher(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    SSL_CIPHER *cipher;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    cipher = (SSL_CIPHER *)SSL_get_current_cipher(ssl);
+
+    return ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary(cipher);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.state => string
+ *
+ * A description of the current connection state. This is for diagnostic
+ * purposes only.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_state(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    VALUE ret;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    ret = rb_str_new2(SSL_state_string(ssl));
+    if (ruby_verbose) {
+        rb_str_cat2(ret, ": ");
+        rb_str_cat2(ret, SSL_state_string_long(ssl));
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.pending => Integer
+ *
+ * The number of bytes that are immediately available for reading.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_pending(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    return INT2NUM(SSL_pending(ssl));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.session_reused? -> true | false
+ *
+ * Returns true if a reused session was negotiated during the handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_session_reused(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    return SSL_session_reused(ssl) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.session = session -> session
+ *
+ * Sets the Session to be used when the connection is established.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_set_session(VALUE self, VALUE arg1)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    SSL_SESSION *sess;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    SafeGetSSLSession(arg1, sess);
+
+    if (SSL_set_session(ssl, sess) != 1)
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_set_session");
+
+    return arg1;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET_TLSEXT_HOST_NAME
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.hostname = hostname -> hostname
+ *
+ * Sets the server hostname used for SNI. This needs to be set before
+ * SSLSocket#connect.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_set_hostname(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    char *hostname = NULL;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    if (!NIL_P(arg))
+	hostname = StringValueCStr(arg);
+
+    if (!SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, hostname))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+
+    /* for SSLSocket#hostname */
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_hostname, arg);
+
+    return arg;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.verify_result => Integer
+ *
+ * Returns the result of the peer certificates verification.  See verify(1)
+ * for error values and descriptions.
+ *
+ * If no peer certificate was presented X509_V_OK is returned.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_verify_result(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    return INT2NUM(SSL_get_verify_result(ssl));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.client_ca => [x509name, ...]
+ *
+ * Returns the list of client CAs. Please note that in contrast to
+ * SSLContext#client_ca= no array of X509::Certificate is returned but
+ * X509::Name instances of the CA's subject distinguished name.
+ *
+ * In server mode, returns the list set by SSLContext#client_ca=.
+ * In client mode, returns the list of client CAs sent from the server.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_client_ca_list(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    STACK_OF(X509_NAME) *ca;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    ca = SSL_get_client_CA_list(ssl);
+    return ossl_x509name_sk2ary(ca);
+}
+
+# ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_NEXT_PROTO_SELECT_CB
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.npn_protocol => String | nil
+ *
+ * Returns the protocol string that was finally selected by the client
+ * during the handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_npn_protocol(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    const unsigned char *out;
+    unsigned int outlen;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    SSL_get0_next_proto_negotiated(ssl, &out, &outlen);
+    if (!outlen)
+	return Qnil;
+    else
+	return rb_str_new((const char *) out, outlen);
+}
+# endif
+
+# ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ALPN_SELECT_CB
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.alpn_protocol => String | nil
+ *
+ * Returns the ALPN protocol string that was finally selected by the server
+ * during the handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_alpn_protocol(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    const unsigned char *out;
+    unsigned int outlen;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    SSL_get0_alpn_selected(ssl, &out, &outlen);
+    if (!outlen)
+	return Qnil;
+    else
+	return rb_str_new((const char *) out, outlen);
+}
+# endif
+
+# ifdef HAVE_SSL_GET_SERVER_TMP_KEY
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.tmp_key => PKey or nil
+ *
+ * Returns the ephemeral key used in case of forward secrecy cipher.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_tmp_key(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    EVP_PKEY *key;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (!SSL_get_server_tmp_key(ssl, &key))
+	return Qnil;
+    return ossl_pkey_new(key);
+}
+# endif /* defined(HAVE_SSL_GET_SERVER_TMP_KEY) */
+#endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK) */
+
+#undef rb_intern
+#define rb_intern(s) rb_intern_const(s)
+void
+Init_ossl_ssl(void)
+{
+    int i;
+    VALUE ary;
+
+#if 0
+    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
+    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
+    rb_mWaitReadable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "WaitReadable");
+    rb_mWaitWritable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "WaitWritable");
+#endif
+
+    ID_callback_state = rb_intern("callback_state");
+
+    ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0,(void *)"ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx",0,0,0);
+    ossl_ssl_ex_store_p = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0,(void *)"ossl_ssl_ex_store_p",0,0,0);
+    ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0,(void *)"ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx",0,0,0);
+
+    /* Document-module: OpenSSL::SSL
+     *
+     * Use SSLContext to set up the parameters for a TLS (former SSL)
+     * connection. Both client and server TLS connections are supported,
+     * SSLSocket and SSLServer may be used in conjunction with an instance
+     * of SSLContext to set up connections.
+     */
+    mSSL = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "SSL");
+
+    /* Document-module: OpenSSL::ExtConfig
+     *
+     * This module contains configuration information about the SSL extension,
+     * for example if socket support is enabled, or the host name TLS extension
+     * is enabled.  Constants in this module will always be defined, but contain
+     * `true` or `false` values depending on the configuration of your OpenSSL
+     * installation.
+     */
+    mSSLExtConfig = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "ExtConfig");
+
+    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError
+     *
+     * Generic error class raised by SSLSocket and SSLContext.
+     */
+    eSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLError", eOSSLError);
+    eSSLErrorWaitReadable = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLErrorWaitReadable", eSSLError);
+    rb_include_module(eSSLErrorWaitReadable, rb_mWaitReadable);
+    eSSLErrorWaitWritable = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLErrorWaitWritable", eSSLError);
+    rb_include_module(eSSLErrorWaitWritable, rb_mWaitWritable);
+
+    Init_ossl_ssl_session();
+
+    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext
+     *
+     * An SSLContext is used to set various options regarding certificates,
+     * algorithms, verification, session caching, etc.  The SSLContext is
+     * used to create an SSLSocket.
+     *
+     * All attributes must be set before creating an SSLSocket as the
+     * SSLContext will be frozen afterward.
+     */
+    cSSLContext = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLContext", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLContext, ossl_sslctx_s_alloc);
+    rb_undef_method(cSSLContext, "initialize_copy");
+
+    /*
+     * Context certificate
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("cert"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Context private key
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("key"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A certificate or Array of certificates that will be sent to the client.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("client_ca"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * The path to a file containing a PEM-format CA certificate
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("ca_file"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * The path to a directory containing CA certificates in PEM format.
+     *
+     * Files are looked up by subject's X509 name's hash value.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("ca_path"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Maximum session lifetime in seconds.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("timeout"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Session verification mode.
+     *
+     * Valid modes are VERIFY_NONE, VERIFY_PEER, VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
+     * VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT and defined on OpenSSL::SSL
+     *
+     * The default mode is VERIFY_NONE, which does not perform any verification
+     * at all.
+     *
+     * See SSL_CTX_set_verify(3) for details.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("verify_mode"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Number of CA certificates to walk when verifying a certificate chain.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("verify_depth"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback for additional certificate verification.  The callback is
+     * invoked for each certificate in the chain.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with two values.  +preverify_ok+ indicates
+     * indicates if the verification was passed (true) or not (false).
+     * +store_context+ is an OpenSSL::X509::StoreContext containing the
+     * context used for certificate verification.
+     *
+     * If the callback returns false, the chain verification is immediately
+     * stopped and a bad_certificate alert is then sent.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("verify_callback"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Whether to check the server certificate is valid for the hostname.
+     *
+     * In order to make this work, verify_mode must be set to VERIFY_PEER and
+     * the server hostname must be given by OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#hostname=.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("verify_hostname"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * An OpenSSL::X509::Store used for certificate verification.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("cert_store"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * An Array of extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate
+     * chain.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("extra_chain_cert"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when a client certificate is requested by a server
+     * and no certificate has been set.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with a Session and must return an Array
+     * containing an OpenSSL::X509::Certificate and an OpenSSL::PKey.  If any
+     * other value is returned the handshake is suspended.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("client_cert_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC) && defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_TMP_ECDH_CALLBACK)
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when ECDH parameters are required.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with the Session for the key exchange, an
+     * flag indicating the use of an export cipher and the keylength
+     * required.
+     *
+     * The callback is deprecated. This does not work with recent versions of
+     * OpenSSL. Use OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ecdh_curves= instead.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("tmp_ecdh_callback"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Sets the context in which a session can be reused.  This allows
+     * sessions for multiple applications to be distinguished, for example, by
+     * name.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("session_id_context"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked on a server when a session is proposed by the client
+     * but the session could not be found in the server's internal cache.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with the SSLSocket and session id.  The
+     * callback may return a Session from an external cache.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("session_get_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when a new session was negotiated.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with an SSLSocket.  If false is returned the
+     * session will be removed from the internal cache.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("session_new_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when a session is removed from the internal cache.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with an SSLContext and a Session.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("session_remove_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET_TLSEXT_HOST_NAME
+    rb_define_const(mSSLExtConfig, "HAVE_TLSEXT_HOST_NAME", Qtrue);
+#else
+    rb_define_const(mSSLExtConfig, "HAVE_TLSEXT_HOST_NAME", Qfalse);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
+    rb_define_const(mSSLExtConfig, "TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384", Qtrue);
+#else
+    rb_define_const(mSSLExtConfig, "TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384", Qfalse);
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked whenever a new handshake is initiated. May be used
+     * to disable renegotiation entirely.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with the active SSLSocket. The callback's
+     * return value is irrelevant, normal return indicates "approval" of the
+     * renegotiation and will continue the process. To forbid renegotiation
+     * and to cancel the process, an Error may be raised within the callback.
+     *
+     * === Disable client renegotiation
+     *
+     * When running a server, it is often desirable to disable client
+     * renegotiation entirely. You may use a callback as follows to implement
+     * this feature:
+     *
+     *   num_handshakes = 0
+     *   ctx.renegotiation_cb = lambda do |ssl|
+     *     num_handshakes += 1
+     *     raise RuntimeError.new("Client renegotiation disabled") if num_handshakes > 1
+     *   end
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("renegotiation_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_NEXT_PROTO_SELECT_CB
+    /*
+     * An Enumerable of Strings. Each String represents a protocol to be
+     * advertised as the list of supported protocols for Next Protocol
+     * Negotiation. Supported in OpenSSL 1.0.1 and higher. Has no effect
+     * on the client side. If not set explicitly, the NPN extension will
+     * not be sent by the server in the handshake.
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   ctx.npn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "spdy/2"]
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("npn_protocols"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked on the client side when the client needs to select
+     * a protocol from the list sent by the server. Supported in OpenSSL 1.0.1
+     * and higher. The client MUST select a protocol of those advertised by
+     * the server. If none is acceptable, raising an error in the callback
+     * will cause the handshake to fail. Not setting this callback explicitly
+     * means not supporting the NPN extension on the client - any protocols
+     * advertised by the server will be ignored.
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   ctx.npn_select_cb = lambda do |protocols|
+     *     # inspect the protocols and select one
+     *     protocols.first
+     *   end
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("npn_select_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ALPN_SELECT_CB
+    /*
+     * An Enumerable of Strings. Each String represents a protocol to be
+     * advertised as the list of supported protocols for Application-Layer
+     * Protocol Negotiation. Supported in OpenSSL 1.0.2 and higher. Has no
+     * effect on the server side. If not set explicitly, the ALPN extension will
+     * not be included in the handshake.
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   ctx.alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "spdy/2", "h2"]
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("alpn_protocols"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked on the server side when the server needs to select
+     * a protocol from the list sent by the client. Supported in OpenSSL 1.0.2
+     * and higher. The callback must return a protocol of those advertised by
+     * the client. If none is acceptable, raising an error in the callback
+     * will cause the handshake to fail. Not setting this callback explicitly
+     * means not supporting the ALPN extension on the server - any protocols
+     * advertised by the client will be ignored.
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   ctx.alpn_select_cb = lambda do |protocols|
+     *     # inspect the protocols and select one
+     *     protocols.first
+     *   end
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern("alpn_select_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+#endif
+
+    rb_define_alias(cSSLContext, "ssl_timeout", "timeout");
+    rb_define_alias(cSSLContext, "ssl_timeout=", "timeout=");
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ssl_version=", ossl_sslctx_set_ssl_version, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphers",     ossl_sslctx_get_ciphers, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphers=",    ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ecdh_curves=", ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "security_level", ossl_sslctx_get_security_level, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "security_level=", ossl_sslctx_set_security_level, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "setup", ossl_sslctx_setup, 0);
+
+    /*
+     * No session caching for client or server
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_OFF", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF));
+
+    /*
+     * Client sessions are added to the session cache
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_CLIENT", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT)); /* doesn't actually do anything in 0.9.8e */
+
+    /*
+     * Server sessions are added to the session cache
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_SERVER", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_SERVER));
+
+    /*
+     * Both client and server sessions are added to the session cache
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_BOTH", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_BOTH)); /* no different than CACHE_SERVER in 0.9.8e */
+
+    /*
+     * Normally the session cache is checked for expired sessions every 255
+     * connections.  Since this may lead to a delay that cannot be controlled,
+     * the automatic flushing may be disabled and #flush_sessions can be
+     * called explicitly.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR));
+
+    /*
+     * Always perform external lookups of sessions even if they are in the
+     * internal cache.
+     *
+     * This flag has no effect on clients
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP));
+
+    /*
+     * Never automatically store sessions in the internal store.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE));
+
+    /*
+     * Enables both SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP and
+     * SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL));
+
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_add",     ossl_sslctx_session_add, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_remove",     ossl_sslctx_session_remove, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_mode",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_mode, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_mode=",     ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_mode, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_size",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_size=",     ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_size, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_stats",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_stats, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "flush_sessions",     ossl_sslctx_flush_sessions, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "options",     ossl_sslctx_get_options, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "options=",     ossl_sslctx_set_options, 1);
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(numberof(ossl_ssl_method_tab));
+    for (i = 0; i < numberof(ossl_ssl_method_tab); i++) {
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ID2SYM(rb_intern(ossl_ssl_method_tab[i].name)));
+    }
+    rb_obj_freeze(ary);
+    /* The list of available SSL/TLS methods */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "METHODS", ary);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket
+     */
+    cSSLSocket = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLSocket", rb_cObject);
+#ifdef OPENSSL_NO_SOCK
+    rb_define_const(mSSLExtConfig, "OPENSSL_NO_SOCK", Qtrue);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "initialize", rb_f_notimplement, -1);
+#else
+    rb_define_const(mSSLExtConfig, "OPENSSL_NO_SOCK", Qfalse);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLSocket, ossl_ssl_s_alloc);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "initialize", ossl_ssl_initialize, -1);
+    rb_undef_method(cSSLSocket, "initialize_copy");
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "connect",    ossl_ssl_connect, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "connect_nonblock",    ossl_ssl_connect_nonblock, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "accept",     ossl_ssl_accept, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "accept_nonblock", ossl_ssl_accept_nonblock, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "sysread",    ossl_ssl_read, -1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cSSLSocket, "sysread_nonblock",    ossl_ssl_read_nonblock, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "syswrite",   ossl_ssl_write, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cSSLSocket, "syswrite_nonblock",    ossl_ssl_write_nonblock, -1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cSSLSocket, "stop",   ossl_ssl_stop, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "cert",       ossl_ssl_get_cert, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "peer_cert",  ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "peer_cert_chain", ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert_chain, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "ssl_version",    ossl_ssl_get_version, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "cipher",     ossl_ssl_get_cipher, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "state",      ossl_ssl_get_state, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "pending",    ossl_ssl_pending, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "session_reused?",    ossl_ssl_session_reused, 0);
+    /* implementation of OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#session is in lib/openssl/ssl.rb */
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "session=",    ossl_ssl_set_session, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "verify_result", ossl_ssl_get_verify_result, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "client_ca", ossl_ssl_get_client_ca_list, 0);
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET_TLSEXT_HOST_NAME
+    /* #hostname is defined in lib/openssl/ssl.rb */
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "hostname=", ossl_ssl_set_hostname, 1);
+#endif
+# ifdef HAVE_SSL_GET_SERVER_TMP_KEY
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "tmp_key", ossl_ssl_tmp_key, 0);
+# endif
+# ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_ALPN_SELECT_CB
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "alpn_protocol", ossl_ssl_alpn_protocol, 0);
+# endif
+# ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_NEXT_PROTO_SELECT_CB
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "npn_protocol", ossl_ssl_npn_protocol, 0);
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#define ossl_ssl_def_const(x) rb_define_const(mSSL, #x, LONG2NUM(SSL_##x))
+
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(VERIFY_NONE);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(VERIFY_PEER);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE);
+    /* Introduce constants included in OP_ALL.  These constants are mostly for
+     * unset some bits in OP_ALL such as;
+     *   ctx.options = OP_ALL & ~OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS
+     */
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_TLS_D5_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_ALL);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_SINGLE_DH_USE);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_SSLv2);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_SSLv3);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_TLSv1);
+#if defined(SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1)
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_TLSv1_1);
+#endif
+#if defined(SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2)
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_TLSv1_2);
+#endif
+#if defined(SSL_OP_NO_TICKET)
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_TICKET);
+#endif
+#if defined(SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION)
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_COMPRESSION);
+#endif
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG);
+    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG);
+
+    sym_exception = ID2SYM(rb_intern("exception"));
+    sym_wait_readable = ID2SYM(rb_intern("wait_readable"));
+    sym_wait_writable = ID2SYM(rb_intern("wait_writable"));
+
+#define DefIVarID(name) do \
+    id_i_##name = rb_intern("@"#name); while (0)
+
+    DefIVarID(cert_store);
+    DefIVarID(ca_file);
+    DefIVarID(ca_path);
+    DefIVarID(verify_mode);
+    DefIVarID(verify_depth);
+    DefIVarID(verify_callback);
+    DefIVarID(client_ca);
+    DefIVarID(renegotiation_cb);
+    DefIVarID(cert);
+    DefIVarID(key);
+    DefIVarID(extra_chain_cert);
+    DefIVarID(client_cert_cb);
+    DefIVarID(tmp_ecdh_callback);
+    DefIVarID(timeout);
+    DefIVarID(session_id_context);
+    DefIVarID(session_get_cb);
+    DefIVarID(session_new_cb);
+    DefIVarID(session_remove_cb);
+    DefIVarID(npn_select_cb);
+    DefIVarID(npn_protocols);
+    DefIVarID(alpn_protocols);
+    DefIVarID(alpn_select_cb);
+    DefIVarID(servername_cb);
+    DefIVarID(verify_hostname);
+
+    DefIVarID(io);
+    DefIVarID(context);
+    DefIVarID(hostname);
+}