retriable 3.4.1 → 4.2.0

data/spec/retriable_spec.rb

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+require "rbconfig"
+
 describe Retriable do
   let(:time_table_handler) do
     ->(_exception, try, _elapsed_time, next_interval) { @next_interval_table[try] = next_interval }
   end
 
   before(:each) do
+    described_class.instance_variable_set(:@config, nil)
+    Thread.current.thread_variable_set(Retriable::OVERRIDE_THREAD_KEY, nil)
     described_class.configure { |c| c.sleep_disabled = true }
     @tries = 0
     @next_interval_table = {}
@@ -23,7 +27,9 @@ describe Retriable do
 
   context "global scope extension" do
     it "cannot be called in the global scope without requiring the core_ext/kernel" do
-      expect { retriable { puts "should raise NoMethodError" } }.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
+      script = "require 'retriable'; begin; retriable {}; rescue NoMethodError; exit 0; end; exit 1"
+
+      expect(system(RbConfig.ruby, "-Ilib", "-e", script)).to be(true)
     end
 
     it "can be called once the kernel extension is required" do
@@ -32,12 +38,61 @@ describe Retriable do
       expect { retriable { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
       expect(@tries).to eq(3)
     end
+
+    it "passes on_give_up through the kernel extension" do
+      require_relative "../lib/retriable/core_ext/kernel"
+      received_reason = nil
+      handler = proc { |_e, _try, _elapsed, _interval, reason| received_reason = reason }
+
+      expect { retriable(tries: 1, on_give_up: handler) { increment_tries_with_exception } }
+        .to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(received_reason).to eq(:tries_exhausted)
+    end
+
+    # These two specs lock in the anonymous block forwarding (`&`) semantics
+    # across both delegation layers: Kernel#retriable_with_context ->
+    # Retriable.with_context. If the `&` is dropped at either layer, the block
+    # is not forwarded and the `block_given?` guard in with_context raises
+    # ArgumentError instead of running the block.
+    it "forwards a block through Kernel#retriable_with_context" do
+      require_relative "../lib/retriable/core_ext/kernel"
+      Retriable.configure { |c| c.contexts[:sql] = { tries: 1 } }
+
+      retriable_with_context(:sql) { increment_tries }
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "raises an ArgumentError when Kernel#retriable_with_context is called without a block" do
+      require_relative "../lib/retriable/core_ext/kernel"
+      Retriable.configure { |c| c.contexts[:sql] = { tries: 1 } }
+
+      expect { retriable_with_context(:sql) }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /with_context requires a block/)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(0)
+    end
+
+    it "is not callable with an explicit receiver" do
+      require_relative "../lib/retriable/core_ext/kernel"
+
+      expect { "foo".retriable { increment_tries } }
+        .to raise_error(NoMethodError, /private method/)
+      expect { "foo".retriable_with_context(:sql) { increment_tries } }
+        .to raise_error(NoMethodError, /private method/)
+    end
   end
 
   context "#retriable" do
+    it "reuses the singleton config when no local options or overrides are provided" do
+      expect(described_class::Config).not_to receive(:new)
+
+      described_class.retriable { increment_tries }
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
     it "raises a LocalJumpError if not given a block" do
       expect { described_class.retriable }.to raise_error(LocalJumpError)
-      expect { described_class.retriable(timeout: 2) }.to raise_error(LocalJumpError)
     end
 
     it "stops at first try if the block does not raise an exception" do
@@ -71,8 +126,92 @@ describe Retriable do
       expect(@tries).to eq(10)
     end
 
-    it "will timeout after 1 second" do
-      expect { described_class.retriable(timeout: 1) { sleep(1.1) } }.to raise_error(Timeout::Error)
+    it "does not prebuild generated intervals before the first successful try" do
+      interval_for = ->(_index) { raise "interval should not be used" }
+      backoff = instance_double(Retriable::ExponentialBackoff, interval_provider: interval_for)
+      allow(Retriable::ExponentialBackoff).to receive(:new).and_call_original
+      allow(Retriable::ExponentialBackoff).to receive(:new).with(
+        hash_including(:base_interval, :multiplier, :max_interval, :rand_factor),
+      ).and_return(backoff)
+
+      described_class.retriable(tries: 1_000_000) { increment_tries }
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+      expect(backoff).to have_received(:interval_provider)
+    end
+
+    it "supports unbounded retries until the block succeeds" do
+      described_class.retriable(tries: Float::INFINITY, max_elapsed_time: 60) do
+        increment_tries
+        raise StandardError if @tries < 5
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(5)
+    end
+
+    it "stops unbounded retries at max_elapsed_time" do
+      start_time = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+      timeline = [
+        start_time,
+        start_time,
+        start_time,
+        start_time + 0.01,
+        start_time + 0.01,
+        start_time + 0.02,
+        start_time + 0.02,
+      ]
+      allow(Process).to receive(:clock_gettime).with(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) { timeline.shift || timeline.last }
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(
+          tries: Float::INFINITY,
+          base_interval: 0.01,
+          multiplier: 1.0,
+          rand_factor: 0.0,
+          sleep_disabled: true,
+          max_elapsed_time: 0.015,
+        ) do
+          increment_tries_with_exception
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when tries is Float::INFINITY without a finite max_elapsed_time" do
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: Float::INFINITY, max_elapsed_time: nil) { increment_tries }
+      end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /max_elapsed_time must be a finite number/)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when tries is Float::INFINITY with infinite max_elapsed_time" do
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: Float::INFINITY, max_elapsed_time: Float::INFINITY) { increment_tries }
+      end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /max_elapsed_time must be a finite number/)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when tries is Float::INFINITY with custom intervals" do
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: Float::INFINITY, intervals: [0.1, 0.2], max_elapsed_time: 60) do
+          increment_tries_with_exception
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /intervals cannot be used with tries: Float::INFINITY/)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when tries is Float::NAN" do
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: Float::NAN) { increment_tries }
+      end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /tries/)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when tries is negative infinity" do
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: -Float::INFINITY) { increment_tries }
+      end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /tries/)
+    end
+
+    it "rejects timeout as an unknown option" do
+      expect { described_class.retriable(timeout: 1) { :noop } }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /not a valid option/)
     end
 
     it "applies a randomized exponential backoff to each try" do
@@ -118,6 +257,187 @@ describe Retriable do
       end
     end
 
+    it "does not call on_retry when explicitly set to nil" do
+      callback_called = false
+      original_on_retry = described_class.config.on_retry
+
+      begin
+        described_class.configure do |c|
+          c.on_retry = proc { |_exception, _try, _elapsed_time, _next_interval| callback_called = true }
+        end
+
+        expect do
+          described_class.retriable(on_retry: nil, tries: 3) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+        end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+        expect(@tries).to eq(3)
+        expect(callback_called).to be(false)
+      ensure
+        described_class.configure do |c|
+          c.on_retry = original_on_retry
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "calls on_give_up with max elapsed time details before re-raising" do
+      described_class.configure { |c| c.sleep_disabled = false }
+      give_up_calls = []
+      on_give_up = proc do |exception, try, elapsed_time, next_interval, reason|
+        give_up_calls << [exception, try, elapsed_time, next_interval, reason]
+      end
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(
+          intervals: [1.0, 1.0],
+          max_elapsed_time: 0.5,
+          on_give_up: on_give_up,
+        ) do
+          increment_tries_with_exception
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      exception, try, elapsed_time, next_interval, reason = give_up_calls.fetch(0)
+      expect(give_up_calls.size).to eq(1)
+      expect(exception).to be_a(StandardError)
+      expect(exception.message).to eq("StandardError occurred")
+      expect(try).to eq(1)
+      expect(elapsed_time).to be >= 0
+      expect(next_interval).to eq(1.0)
+      expect(reason).to eq(:max_elapsed_time)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "calls on_give_up with tries exhausted details before re-raising" do
+      give_up_calls = []
+      on_give_up = proc do |exception, try, elapsed_time, next_interval, reason|
+        give_up_calls << [exception, try, elapsed_time, next_interval, reason]
+      end
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: 2, on_give_up: on_give_up) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      exception, try, elapsed_time, next_interval, reason = give_up_calls.fetch(0)
+      expect(give_up_calls.size).to eq(1)
+      expect(exception).to be_a(StandardError)
+      expect(exception.message).to eq("StandardError occurred")
+      expect(try).to eq(2)
+      expect(elapsed_time).to be >= 0
+      expect(next_interval).to be_nil
+      expect(reason).to eq(:tries_exhausted)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    it "does not call on_give_up when the block eventually succeeds" do
+      callback_called = false
+
+      described_class.retriable(tries: 3, on_give_up: proc { callback_called = true }) do
+        increment_tries
+        raise StandardError if @tries < 2
+      end
+
+      expect(callback_called).to be(false)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    it "does not call on_give_up for non-retriable exception types" do
+      callback_called = false
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(on_give_up: proc { callback_called = true }) do
+          increment_tries_with_exception(NonStandardError)
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(NonStandardError)
+
+      expect(callback_called).to be(false)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "does not call on_give_up when retry_if rejects the exception" do
+      callback_called = false
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(
+          tries: 3,
+          retry_if: ->(_exception) { false },
+          on_give_up: proc { callback_called = true },
+        ) do
+          increment_tries_with_exception
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(callback_called).to be(false)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "does not call on_give_up when explicitly set to false" do
+      callback_called = false
+      original_on_give_up = described_class.config.on_give_up
+
+      begin
+        described_class.configure do |c|
+          c.on_give_up = proc { callback_called = true }
+        end
+
+        expect do
+          described_class.retriable(on_give_up: false, tries: 1) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+        end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+        expect(callback_called).to be(false)
+      ensure
+        described_class.configure do |c|
+          c.on_give_up = original_on_give_up
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "does not call on_give_up when explicitly set to nil" do
+      callback_called = false
+      original_on_give_up = described_class.config.on_give_up
+
+      begin
+        described_class.configure do |c|
+          c.on_give_up = proc { callback_called = true }
+        end
+
+        expect do
+          described_class.retriable(on_give_up: nil, tries: 1) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+        end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+        expect(callback_called).to be(false)
+      ensure
+        described_class.configure do |c|
+          c.on_give_up = original_on_give_up
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "calls on_retry before on_give_up when giving up" do
+      events = []
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(
+          tries: 1,
+          on_retry: proc { events << :on_retry },
+          on_give_up: proc { events << :on_give_up },
+        ) do
+          increment_tries_with_exception
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(events).to eq(%i[on_retry on_give_up])
+    end
+
+    it "propagates exceptions raised inside on_give_up, replacing the original exception" do
+      handler = proc { raise "handler exploded" }
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: 1, on_give_up: handler) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+      end.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "handler exploded")
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
     context "with rand_factor 0.0 and an on_retry handler" do
       let(:tries) { 6 }
       let(:no_rand_timetable) { { 1 => 0.5, 2 => 0.75, 3 => 1.125 } }
@@ -197,6 +517,19 @@ describe Retriable do
       end
     end
 
+    context "with a Set :on parameter" do
+      it "retries each exception class in the Set" do
+        described_class.retriable(on: Set[StandardError, NonStandardError]) do
+          increment_tries
+
+          raise StandardError if @tries == 1
+          raise NonStandardError if @tries == 2
+        end
+
+        expect(@tries).to eq(3)
+      end
+    end
+
     context "with a hash :on parameter" do
       let(:on_hash) { { NonStandardError => /NonStandardError occurred/ } }
 
@@ -229,6 +562,20 @@ describe Retriable do
         expect(@tries).to eq(1)
       end
 
+      it "does not call on_give_up when exception class matches but message does not" do
+        callback_called = false
+
+        expect do
+          described_class.retriable(on: on_hash, on_give_up: proc { callback_called = true }) do
+            increment_tries
+            raise SecondNonStandardError, "not a match"
+          end
+        end.to raise_error(SecondNonStandardError, /not a match/)
+
+        expect(callback_called).to be(false)
+        expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+      end
+
       it "successfully retries when the values are arrays of exception message patterns" do
         exceptions = []
         handler = ->(exception, try, _elapsed_time, _next_interval) { exceptions[try] = exception }
@@ -315,6 +662,18 @@ describe Retriable do
       expect(@tries).to eq(2)
     end
 
+    it "does not count skipped sleep intervals against max elapsed time" do
+      allow(Process).to receive(:clock_gettime).with(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC).and_return(0.0)
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: 3, base_interval: 1.0, rand_factor: 0.0, max_elapsed_time: 0.1) do
+          increment_tries_with_exception
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(3)
+    end
+
     it "retries up to tries limit when max_elapsed_time is nil" do
       expect do
         described_class.retriable(tries: 4, max_elapsed_time: nil) { increment_tries_with_exception }
@@ -350,6 +709,47 @@ describe Retriable do
     it "raises ArgumentError on invalid options" do
       expect { described_class.retriable(does_not_exist: 123) { increment_tries } }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
     end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when tries is not a positive integer" do
+      expect { described_class.retriable(tries: 1.5) { increment_tries } }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /tries/)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when an interval is negative" do
+      expect { described_class.retriable(intervals: [-1]) { increment_tries } }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /intervals/)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when configured timing options become invalid" do
+      described_class.configure { |config| config.tries = 0 }
+
+      expect { described_class.retriable { increment_tries } }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /tries/)
+    end
+
+    it "does not validate generated backoff options when intervals are provided" do
+      described_class.retriable(intervals: [0], tries: 0, rand_factor: 1.1) { increment_tries }
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "allows an empty interval array as one attempt" do
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(intervals: []) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "rejects on: Object before invoking the block" do
+      block_invoked = false
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(on: Object) { block_invoked = true }
+      end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /on must be an Exception class/)
+
+      expect(block_invoked).to be(false)
+    end
   end
 
   context "#configure" do
@@ -359,6 +759,7 @@ describe Retriable do
         with_context
         configure
         config
+        with_override
       ]
 
       expect(described_class.singleton_methods(false)).to match_array(public_api_methods)
@@ -369,6 +770,479 @@ describe Retriable do
     end
   end
 
+  context "#retriable tries/intervals precedence" do
+    it "lets a per-call tries clear globally configured intervals" do
+      described_class.configure { |c| c.intervals = [0.5, 1.0] }
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(tries: 1) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "still lets per-call intervals win when both intervals and tries are given" do
+      expect do
+        described_class.retriable(intervals: [0.5, 1.0], tries: 1) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(3) # intervals.size + 1
+    end
+
+    it "lets a with_context tries clear context intervals" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { intervals: [0.5, 1.0] }
+      end
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.with_context(:api, tries: 1) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "#with_override" do
+    it "takes precedence over both global config and local options" do
+      described_class.configure { |c| c.tries = 2 }
+
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+        expect { described_class.retriable(tries: 10) { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "lets override tries take precedence over local intervals" do
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+        expect do
+          described_class.retriable(intervals: [0.5, 1.0]) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+        end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "lets override tries take precedence over context intervals" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { intervals: [0.5, 1.0] }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+        expect { described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "lets override context tries take precedence over context intervals" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { intervals: [0.5, 1.0] }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: { tries: 1 } }) do
+        expect { described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "replaces hash-valued options instead of deep-merging them" do
+      described_class.with_override(on: { NonStandardError => nil }) do
+        expect do
+          described_class.retriable(on: { StandardError => nil }, tries: 2) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+        end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "can override local intervals with nil to use configured backoff" do
+      described_class.configure { |c| c.tries = 3 }
+
+      described_class.with_override(intervals: nil) do
+        expect do
+          described_class.retriable(intervals: [0.5, 1.0], on_retry: time_table_handler) do
+            increment_tries_with_exception
+          end
+        end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(3)
+      expect(@next_interval_table[1]).to be_between(0.0, 1.0)
+    end
+
+    it "applies override context values after with_context local options" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { tries: 3, base_interval: 1.0 }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: { tries: 1 } }) do
+        described_class.with_context(:api, tries: 10) { increment_tries }
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "can define a context only in override config" do
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { test_only: { tries: 1 } }) do
+        described_class.with_context(:test_only) { increment_tries }
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "does not apply context-only overrides to plain retriable calls" do
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: { tries: 1 } }) do
+        expect { described_class.retriable(tries: 3) { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "keeps configured context matchers when top-level override values apply" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { tries: 3, on: NonStandardError }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+        expect { described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries_with_exception(NonStandardError) } }
+          .to raise_error(NonStandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "combines local options with override-only contexts" do
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: { tries: 1 } }) do
+        expect do
+          described_class.with_context(:api, on: NonStandardError) do
+            increment_tries_with_exception(NonStandardError)
+          end
+        end.to raise_error(NonStandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "reuses configured contexts when override does not include contexts" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { tries: 1 }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+        described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries }
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "treats non-hash configured contexts as empty when override contexts are hash" do
+      described_class.configure { |c| c.contexts = nil }
+
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: { tries: 1 } }) do
+        described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries }
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    ensure
+      described_class.configure { |c| c.contexts = {} }
+    end
+
+    it "ignores nil override contexts values in with_context" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { tries: 1 }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: nil) do
+        described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries }
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError on non-hash override contexts values" do
+      block_called = false
+
+      expect { described_class.with_override(contexts: 123) { block_called = true } }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /contexts must be a Hash or nil/)
+      expect(block_called).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError on non-hash per-context override values" do
+      block_called = false
+
+      expect { described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: 123 }) { block_called = true } }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /contexts\[:api\] must be a Hash/)
+      expect(block_called).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it "preserves outer override after rejected nested override contexts values" do
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 2) do
+        expect { described_class.with_override(tries: 1, contexts: 123) { :noop } }
+          .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /contexts must be a Hash or nil/)
+
+        expect { described_class.retriable(tries: 10) { increment_tries_with_exception } }
+          .to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    it "preserves outer context override after rejected nested per-context values" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { tries: 10 }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: { tries: 2 } }) do
+        expect { described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: 123 }) { :noop } }
+          .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /contexts\[:api\] must be a Hash/)
+
+        expect { described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries_with_exception } }
+          .to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    it "shows merged context keys in with_context missing-context errors" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:configured] = { tries: 2 }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { override_only: { tries: 1 } }) do
+        expect { described_class.with_context(:missing) { increment_tries } }
+          .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /override_only/)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "does not snapshot configured contexts when adding override-only contexts" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:api] = { tries: 2 }
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_override(contexts: { test_only: { tries: 1 } }) do
+        described_class.configure do |c|
+          c.contexts[:api] = { tries: 5 }
+        end
+
+        expect { described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      end
+
+      expect(@tries).to eq(5)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError on invalid override options" do
+      expect { described_class.with_override(does_not_exist: 123) { :noop } }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError on empty override options" do
+      expect { described_class.with_override({}) { :noop } }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /empty override/)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError when called without a block" do
+      expect { described_class.with_override(tries: 1) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /requires a block/)
+    end
+
+    it "raises ArgumentError on invalid context override options" do
+      expect { described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: { does_not_exist: 123 } }) { :noop } }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /does_not_exist is not a valid option/)
+    end
+
+    it "clears the override after the block returns" do
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+        # active here
+      end
+
+      expect { described_class.retriable(tries: 3) { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "clears the override when the block raises" do
+      expect do
+        described_class.with_override(tries: 1) { raise "boom" }
+      end.to raise_error(RuntimeError, "boom")
+
+      expect { described_class.retriable(tries: 3) { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "returns the block's return value" do
+      result = described_class.with_override(tries: 1) { :return_value }
+      expect(result).to eq(:return_value)
+    end
+
+    it "restores the outer override when nested blocks exit" do
+      tries_seen = []
+      handler = ->(_exception, try, _elapsed, _next) { tries_seen << [Thread.current.object_id, try] }
+
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 2, on_retry: handler) do
+        described_class.with_override(tries: 4, on_retry: handler) do
+          expect { described_class.retriable { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+        end
+
+        # After the inner block exits, the outer tries: 2 override is restored.
+        @tries = 0
+        expect { described_class.retriable { increment_tries_with_exception } }.to raise_error(StandardError)
+        expect(@tries).to eq(2)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "#with_override thread safety" do
+    # Coordinate threads with queues rather than sleep so tests are deterministic.
+    # sleep_disabled is already set to true in the top-level before(:each), so
+    # retriable calls do not actually sleep between attempts.
+
+    it "isolates overrides between threads" do
+      ready = Queue.new
+      proceed = Queue.new
+      results = {}
+      mutex = Mutex.new
+
+      threads = [1, 2].map do |id|
+        Thread.new do
+          described_class.with_override(tries: id) do
+            ready << true
+            proceed.pop
+            tries = 0
+            begin
+              described_class.retriable do
+                tries += 1
+                raise StandardError
+              end
+            rescue StandardError
+              mutex.synchronize { results[id] = tries }
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      2.times { ready.pop }
+      2.times { proceed << true }
+      threads.each(&:join)
+
+      expect(results).to eq(1 => 1, 2 => 2)
+    end
+
+    it "does not leak an active override into a sibling thread" do
+      override_active = Queue.new
+      sibling_done = Queue.new
+      sibling_tries = nil
+
+      setter = Thread.new do
+        described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+          override_active << true
+          sibling_done.pop
+        end
+      end
+
+      sibling = Thread.new do
+        override_active.pop
+        tries = 0
+        begin
+          described_class.retriable(tries: 3) do
+            tries += 1
+            raise StandardError
+          end
+        rescue StandardError
+          sibling_tries = tries
+        end
+        sibling_done << true
+      end
+
+      [setter, sibling].each(&:join)
+      expect(sibling_tries).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "does not propagate an active override to a child thread" do
+      child_tries = nil
+
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+        Thread.new do
+          tries = 0
+          begin
+            described_class.retriable(tries: 3) do
+              tries += 1
+              raise StandardError
+            end
+          rescue StandardError
+            child_tries = tries
+          end
+        end.join
+      end
+
+      expect(child_tries).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "shares the active override with fibers in the same thread" do
+      fiber_tries = nil
+
+      Thread.new do
+        described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+          Fiber.new do
+            tries = 0
+            begin
+              described_class.retriable(tries: 10) do
+                tries += 1
+                raise StandardError
+              end
+            rescue StandardError
+              fiber_tries = tries
+            end
+          end.resume
+        end
+      end.join
+
+      expect(fiber_tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "does not treat a main-thread override as a global default for other threads" do
+      other_thread_tries = nil
+
+      described_class.with_override(tries: 1) do
+        Thread.new do
+          tries = 0
+          begin
+            described_class.retriable(tries: 3) do
+              tries += 1
+              raise StandardError
+            end
+          rescue StandardError
+            other_thread_tries = tries
+          end
+        end.join
+      end
+
+      expect(other_thread_tries).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "applies overridden on_give_up handlers" do
+      callback_called = false
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.with_override(on_give_up: proc { callback_called = true }) do
+          described_class.retriable(tries: 1) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(callback_called).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it "applies on_give_up handlers configured via per-context overrides" do
+      received_reason = nil
+      handler = proc { |_e, _try, _elapsed, _interval, reason| received_reason = reason }
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.with_override(contexts: { api: { tries: 1, on_give_up: handler } }) do
+          described_class.with_context(:api) { increment_tries_with_exception }
+        end
+      end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(received_reason).to eq(:tries_exhausted)
+    end
+  end
+
   context "#with_context" do
     let(:api_tries) { 4 }
 
@@ -384,8 +1258,15 @@ describe Retriable do
       expect(@tries).to eq(1)
     end
 
-    it "returns nil when called without a block" do
-      expect(described_class.with_context(:sql)).to be_nil
+    it "raises an ArgumentError when called without a block" do
+      expect { described_class.with_context(:sql) }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /with_context requires a block/)
+      expect(@tries).to eq(0)
+    end
+
+    it "checks for a block before looking up the context" do
+      expect { described_class.with_context(:missing) }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /with_context requires a block/)
       expect(@tries).to eq(0)
     end
 
@@ -416,5 +1297,33 @@ describe Retriable do
     it "raises an ArgumentError when the context isn't found" do
       expect { described_class.with_context(:wtf) { increment_tries } }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /wtf not found/)
     end
+
+    it "treats non-Hash context values as empty options" do
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:broken] = nil
+      end
+
+      described_class.with_context(:broken) { increment_tries }
+      expect(@tries).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "surfaces an invalid context on any retriable call before that context is used" do
+      described_class.configure { |c| c.contexts[:unused] = { contexts: {} } }
+
+      expect { described_class.retriable { :ok } }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /contexts is not a valid option/)
+    end
+
+    it "invokes on_give_up configured on a context" do
+      callback_called = false
+      described_class.configure do |c|
+        c.contexts[:flaky] = { tries: 1, on_give_up: proc { callback_called = true } }
+      end
+
+      expect { described_class.with_context(:flaky) { increment_tries_with_exception } }
+        .to raise_error(StandardError)
+
+      expect(callback_called).to be(true)
+    end
   end
 end