rest-client 1.6.7 → 2.1.0

data/AUTHORS

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+The Ruby REST Client would not be what it is today without the help of
+the following kind souls:
+
+Adam Jacob
+Adam Wiggins
+Adrian Rangel
+Alex Tomlins
+Aman Gupta
+Andy Brody
+Avi Deitcher
+Blake Mizerany
+Brad Ediger
+Braintree
+Brian Donovan
+Caleb Land
+Chris Dinn
+Chris Frohoff
+Chris Green
+Coda Hale
+Crawford
+Cyril Rohr
+Dan Mayer
+Dario Hamidi
+Darren Coxall
+David Backeus
+David Perkowski
+Dmitri Dolguikh
+Dusty Doris
+Dylan Egan
+El Draper
+Evan Broder
+Evan Smith
+François Beausoleil
+Gabriele Cirulli
+Garry Shutler
+Giovanni Cappellotto
+Greg Borenstein
+Harm Aarts
+Hiro Asari
+Hugh McGowan
+Ian Warshak
+Igor Zubkov
+Ivan Makfinsky
+JH. Chabran
+James Edward Gray II
+Jari Bakken
+Jeff Pereira
+Jeff Remer
+Jeffrey Hardy
+Jeremy Kemper
+Joe Rafaniello
+John Barnette
+Jon Rowe
+Jordi Massaguer Pla
+Joshua J. Campoverde
+Juan Alvarez
+Julien Kirch
+Jun Aruga
+Justin Coyne
+Justin Lambert
+Keith Rarick
+Kenichi Kamiya
+Kevin Read
+Kosuke Asami
+Kyle Meyer
+Kyle VanderBeek
+Lars Gierth
+Lawrence Leonard Gilbert
+Lee Jarvis
+Lennon Day-Reynolds
+Lin Jen-Shin
+Magne Matre Gåsland
+Marc-André Cournoyer
+Marius Butuc
+Matthew Manning
+Michael Klett
+Michael Rykov
+Michael Westbom
+Mike Fletcher
+Nelson Elhage
+Nicholas Wieland
+Nick Hammond
+Nick Plante
+Niko Dittmann
+Nikolay Shebanov
+Oscar Del Ben
+Pablo Astigarraga
+Paul Dlug
+Pedro Belo
+Pedro Chambino
+Philip Corliss
+Pierre-Louis Gottfrois
+Rafael Ssouza
+Richard Schneeman
+Rick Olson
+Robert Eanes
+Rodrigo Panachi
+Sam Norbury
+Samuel Cochran
+Syl Turner
+T. Watanabe
+Tekin
+W. Andrew Loe III
+Waynn Lue
+Xavier Shay
+tpresa

data/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+if !!File::ALT_SEPARATOR
+  gemspec :name => 'rest-client.windows'
+else
+  gemspec :name => 'rest-client'
+end
+
+group :test do
+  gem 'rake'
+end

data/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2008-2014 Rest Client Authors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,901 @@
+# REST Client -- simple DSL for accessing HTTP and REST resources
+
+[![Gem Downloads](https://img.shields.io/gem/dt/rest-client.svg)](https://rubygems.org/gems/rest-client)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/rest-client/rest-client.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/rest-client/rest-client)
+[![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/github/rest-client/rest-client.svg)](https://codeclimate.com/github/rest-client/rest-client)
+[![Inline docs](http://inch-ci.org/github/rest-client/rest-client.svg?branch=master)](http://www.rubydoc.info/github/rest-client/rest-client/master)
+
+A simple HTTP and REST client for Ruby, inspired by the Sinatra's microframework style
+of specifying actions: get, put, post, delete.
+
+* Main page: https://github.com/rest-client/rest-client
+* Mailing list: https://groups.io/g/rest-client
+
+### New mailing list
+
+We have a new email list for announcements, hosted by Groups.io.
+
+* Subscribe on the web: https://groups.io/g/rest-client
+
+* Subscribe by sending an email: mailto:rest-client+subscribe@groups.io
+
+* Open discussion subgroup: https://groups.io/g/rest-client+discuss
+
+The old Librelist mailing list is *defunct*, as Librelist appears to be broken
+and not accepting new mail. The old archives are still up, but have been
+imported into the new list archives as well.
+http://librelist.com/browser/rest.client
+
+## Requirements
+
+MRI Ruby 2.0 and newer are supported. Alternative interpreters compatible with
+2.0+ should work as well.
+
+Earlier Ruby versions such as 1.8.7, 1.9.2, and 1.9.3 are no longer supported. These
+versions no longer have any official support, and do not receive security
+updates.
+
+The rest-client gem depends on these other gems for usage at runtime:
+
+* [mime-types](http://rubygems.org/gems/mime-types)
+* [netrc](http://rubygems.org/gems/netrc)
+* [http-accept](https://rubygems.org/gems/http-accept)
+* [http-cookie](https://rubygems.org/gems/http-cookie)
+
+There are also several development dependencies. It's recommended to use
+[bundler](http://bundler.io/) to manage these dependencies for hacking on
+rest-client.
+
+### Upgrading to rest-client 2.0 from 1.x
+
+Users are encouraged to upgrade to rest-client 2.0, which cleans up a number of
+API warts and wrinkles, making rest-client generally more useful. Usage is
+largely compatible, so many applications will be able to upgrade with no
+changes.
+
+Overview of significant changes:
+
+* requires Ruby >= 2.0
+* `RestClient::Response` objects are a subclass of `String` rather than a
+  Frankenstein monster. And `#body` or `#to_s` return a true `String` object.
+* cleanup of exception classes, including new `RestClient::Exceptions::Timeout`
+* improvements to handling of redirects: responses and history are properly
+  exposed
+* major changes to cookie support: cookie jars are used for browser-like
+  behavior throughout
+* encoding: Content-Type charset response headers are used to automatically set
+  the encoding of the response string
+* HTTP params: handling of GET/POST params is more consistent and sophisticated
+  for deeply nested hash objects, and `ParamsArray` can be used to pass ordered
+  params
+* improved proxy support with per-request proxy configuration, plus the ability
+  to disable proxies set by environment variables
+* default request headers: rest-client sets `Accept: */*` and
+  `User-Agent: rest-client/...`
+
+See [history.md](./history.md) for a more complete description of changes.
+
+## Usage: Raw URL
+
+Basic usage:
+
+```ruby
+require 'rest-client'
+
+RestClient.get(url, headers={})
+
+RestClient.post(url, payload, headers={})
+```
+
+In the high level helpers, only POST, PATCH, and PUT take a payload argument.
+To pass a payload with other HTTP verbs or to pass more advanced options, use
+`RestClient::Request.execute` instead.
+
+More detailed examples:
+
+```ruby
+require 'rest-client'
+
+RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
+
+RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource', {params: {id: 50, 'foo' => 'bar'}}
+
+RestClient.get 'https://user:password@example.com/private/resource', {accept: :json}
+
+RestClient.post 'http://example.com/resource', {param1: 'one', nested: {param2: 'two'}}
+
+RestClient.post "http://example.com/resource", {'x' => 1}.to_json, {content_type: :json, accept: :json}
+
+RestClient.delete 'http://example.com/resource'
+
+>> response = RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource'
+=> <RestClient::Response 200 "<!doctype h...">
+>> response.code
+=> 200
+>> response.cookies
+=> {"Foo"=>"BAR", "QUUX"=>"QUUUUX"}
+>> response.headers
+=> {:content_type=>"text/html; charset=utf-8", :cache_control=>"private" ... }
+>> response.body
+=> "<!doctype html>\n<html>\n<head>\n    <title>Example Domain</title>\n\n ..."
+
+RestClient.post( url,
+  {
+    :transfer => {
+      :path => '/foo/bar',
+      :owner => 'that_guy',
+      :group => 'those_guys'
+    },
+     :upload => {
+      :file => File.new(path, 'rb')
+    }
+  })
+```
+## Passing advanced options
+
+The top level helper methods like RestClient.get accept a headers hash as
+their last argument and don't allow passing more complex options. But these
+helpers are just thin wrappers around `RestClient::Request.execute`.
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://example.com/resource',
+                            timeout: 10)
+
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://example.com/resource',
+                            ssl_ca_file: 'myca.pem',
+                            ssl_ciphers: 'AESGCM:!aNULL')
+```
+You can also use this to pass a payload for HTTP verbs like DELETE, where the
+`RestClient.delete` helper doesn't accept a payload.
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :delete, url: 'http://example.com/resource',
+                            payload: 'foo', headers: {myheader: 'bar'})
+```
+
+Due to unfortunate choices in the original API, the params used to populate the
+query string are actually taken out of the headers hash. So if you want to pass
+both the params hash and more complex options, use the special key
+`:params` in the headers hash. This design may change in a future major
+release.
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://example.com/resource',
+                            timeout: 10, headers: {params: {foo: 'bar'}})
+
+➔ GET http://example.com/resource?foo=bar
+```
+
+## Multipart
+
+Yeah, that's right!  This does multipart sends for you!
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.post '/data', :myfile => File.new("/path/to/image.jpg", 'rb')
+```
+
+This does two things for you:
+
+- Auto-detects that you have a File value sends it as multipart
+- Auto-detects the mime of the file and sets it in the HEAD of the payload for each entry
+
+If you are sending params that do not contain a File object but the payload needs to be multipart then:
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.post '/data', {:foo => 'bar', :multipart => true}
+```
+
+## Usage: ActiveResource-Style
+
+```ruby
+resource = RestClient::Resource.new 'http://example.com/resource'
+resource.get
+
+private_resource = RestClient::Resource.new 'https://example.com/private/resource', 'user', 'pass'
+private_resource.put File.read('pic.jpg'), :content_type => 'image/jpg'
+```
+
+See RestClient::Resource module docs for details.
+
+## Usage: Resource Nesting
+
+```ruby
+site = RestClient::Resource.new('http://example.com')
+site['posts/1/comments'].post 'Good article.', :content_type => 'text/plain'
+```
+See `RestClient::Resource` docs for details.
+
+## Exceptions (see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html)
+
+- for result codes between `200` and `207`, a `RestClient::Response` will be returned
+- for result codes `301`, `302` or `307`, the redirection will be followed if the request is a `GET` or a `HEAD`
+- for result code `303`, the redirection will be followed and the request transformed into a `GET`
+- for other cases, a `RestClient::ExceptionWithResponse` holding the Response will be raised; a specific exception class will be thrown for known error codes
+- call `.response` on the exception to get the server's response
+
+```ruby
+>> RestClient.get 'http://example.com/nonexistent'
+Exception: RestClient::NotFound: 404 Not Found
+
+>> begin
+     RestClient.get 'http://example.com/nonexistent'
+   rescue RestClient::ExceptionWithResponse => e
+     e.response
+   end
+=> <RestClient::Response 404 "<!doctype h...">
+```
+
+### Other exceptions
+
+While most exceptions have been collected under `RestClient::RequestFailed` aka
+`RestClient::ExceptionWithResponse`, there are a few quirky exceptions that
+have been kept for backwards compatibility.
+
+RestClient will propagate up exceptions like socket errors without modification:
+
+```ruby
+>> RestClient.get 'http://localhost:12345'
+Exception: Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2) for "localhost" port 12345
+```
+
+RestClient handles a few specific error cases separately in order to give
+better error messages. These will hopefully be cleaned up in a future major
+release.
+
+`RestClient::ServerBrokeConnection` is translated from `EOFError` to give a
+better error message.
+
+`RestClient::SSLCertificateNotVerified` is raised when HTTPS validation fails.
+Other `OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError` errors are raised as is.
+
+### Redirection
+
+By default, rest-client will follow HTTP 30x redirection requests.
+
+__New in 2.0:__ `RestClient::Response` exposes a `#history` method that returns
+a list of each response received in a redirection chain.
+
+```ruby
+>> r = RestClient.get('http://httpbin.org/redirect/2')
+=> <RestClient::Response 200 "{\n  \"args\":...">
+
+# see each response in the redirect chain
+>> r.history
+=> [<RestClient::Response 302 "<!DOCTYPE H...">, <RestClient::Response 302 "">]
+
+# see each requested URL
+>> r.request.url
+=> "http://httpbin.org/get"
+>> r.history.map {|x| x.request.url}
+=> ["http://httpbin.org/redirect/2", "http://httpbin.org/relative-redirect/1"]
+```
+
+#### Manually following redirection
+
+To disable automatic redirection, set `:max_redirects => 0`.
+
+__New in 2.0:__ Prior versions of rest-client would raise
+`RestClient::MaxRedirectsReached`, with no easy way to access the server's
+response. In 2.0, rest-client raises the normal
+`RestClient::ExceptionWithResponse` as it would with any other non-HTTP-20x
+response.
+
+```ruby
+>> RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://httpbin.org/redirect/1')
+=> RestClient::Response 200 "{\n  "args":..."
+
+>> RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://httpbin.org/redirect/1', max_redirects: 0)
+RestClient::Found: 302 Found
+```
+
+To manually follow redirection, you can call `Response#follow_redirection`. Or
+you could of course inspect the result and choose custom behavior.
+
+```ruby
+>> RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://httpbin.org/redirect/1', max_redirects: 0)
+RestClient::Found: 302 Found
+>> begin
+       RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://httpbin.org/redirect/1', max_redirects: 0)
+   rescue RestClient::ExceptionWithResponse => err
+   end
+>> err
+=> #<RestClient::Found: 302 Found>
+>> err.response
+=> RestClient::Response 302 "<!DOCTYPE H..."
+>> err.response.headers[:location]
+=> "/get"
+>> err.response.follow_redirection
+=> RestClient::Response 200 "{\n  "args":..."
+```
+
+## Result handling
+
+The result of a `RestClient::Request` is a `RestClient::Response` object.
+
+__New in 2.0:__ `RestClient::Response` objects are now a subclass of `String`.
+Previously, they were a real String object with response functionality mixed
+in, which was very confusing to work with.
+
+Response objects have several useful methods. (See the class rdoc for more details.)
+
+- `Response#code`: The HTTP response code
+- `Response#body`: The response body as a string. (AKA .to_s)
+- `Response#headers`: A hash of HTTP response headers
+- `Response#raw_headers`: A hash of HTTP response headers as unprocessed arrays
+- `Response#cookies`: A hash of HTTP cookies set by the server
+- `Response#cookie_jar`: <em>New in 1.8</em> An HTTP::CookieJar of cookies
+- `Response#request`: The RestClient::Request object used to make the request
+- `Response#history`: <em>New in 2.0</em> If redirection was followed, a list of prior Response objects
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.get('http://example.com')
+➔ <RestClient::Response 200 "<!doctype h...">
+
+begin
+ RestClient.get('http://example.com/notfound')
+rescue RestClient::ExceptionWithResponse => err
+  err.response
+end
+➔ <RestClient::Response 404 "<!doctype h...">
+```
+
+### Response callbacks, error handling
+
+A block can be passed to the RestClient method. This block will then be called with the Response.
+Response.return! can be called to invoke the default response's behavior.
+
+```ruby
+# Don't raise exceptions but return the response
+>> RestClient.get('http://example.com/nonexistent') {|response, request, result| response }
+=> <RestClient::Response 404 "<!doctype h...">
+```
+
+```ruby
+# Manage a specific error code
+RestClient.get('http://example.com/resource') { |response, request, result, &block|
+  case response.code
+  when 200
+    p "It worked !"
+    response
+  when 423
+    raise SomeCustomExceptionIfYouWant
+  else
+    response.return!(&block)
+  end
+}
+```
+
+But note that it may be more straightforward to use exceptions to handle
+different HTTP error response cases:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  resp = RestClient.get('http://example.com/resource')
+rescue RestClient::Unauthorized, RestClient::Forbidden => err
+  puts 'Access denied'
+  return err.response
+rescue RestClient::ImATeapot => err
+  puts 'The server is a teapot! # RFC 2324'
+  return err.response
+else
+  puts 'It worked!'
+  return resp
+end
+```
+
+For GET and HEAD requests, rest-client automatically follows redirection. For
+other HTTP verbs, call `.follow_redirection` on the response object (works both
+in block form and in exception form).
+
+```ruby
+# Follow redirections for all request types and not only for get and head
+# RFC : "If the 301, 302 or 307 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD,
+#        the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user,
+#        since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued."
+
+# block style
+RestClient.post('http://example.com/redirect', 'body') { |response, request, result|
+  case response.code
+  when 301, 302, 307
+    response.follow_redirection
+  else
+    response.return!
+  end
+}
+
+# exception style by explicit classes
+begin
+  RestClient.post('http://example.com/redirect', 'body')
+rescue RestClient::MovedPermanently,
+       RestClient::Found,
+       RestClient::TemporaryRedirect => err
+  err.response.follow_redirection
+end
+
+# exception style by response code
+begin
+  RestClient.post('http://example.com/redirect', 'body')
+rescue RestClient::ExceptionWithResponse => err
+  case err.http_code
+  when 301, 302, 307
+    err.response.follow_redirection
+  else
+    raise
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Non-normalized URIs
+
+If you need to normalize URIs, e.g. to work with International Resource Identifiers (IRIs),
+use the addressable gem (http://addressable.rubyforge.org/api/) in your code:
+
+```ruby
+  require 'addressable/uri'
+  RestClient.get(Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.詹姆斯.com/").normalize.to_str)
+```
+
+## Lower-level access
+
+For cases not covered by the general API, you can use the `RestClient::Request` class, which provides a lower-level API.
+
+You can:
+
+- specify ssl parameters
+- override cookies
+- manually handle the response (e.g. to operate on it as a stream rather than reading it all into memory)
+
+See `RestClient::Request`'s documentation for more information.
+
+### Streaming request payload
+
+RestClient will try to stream any file-like payload rather than reading it into
+memory. This happens through `RestClient::Payload::Streamed`, which is
+automatically called internally by `RestClient::Payload.generate` on anything
+with a `read` method.
+
+```ruby
+>> r = RestClient.put('http://httpbin.org/put', File.open('/tmp/foo.txt', 'r'),
+                      content_type: 'text/plain')
+=> <RestClient::Response 200 "{\n  \"args\":...">
+```
+
+In Multipart requests, RestClient will also stream file handles passed as Hash
+(or __new in 2.1__ ParamsArray).
+
+```ruby
+>> r = RestClient.put('http://httpbin.org/put',
+                      {file_a: File.open('a.txt', 'r'),
+                       file_b: File.open('b.txt', 'r')})
+=> <RestClient::Response 200 "{\n  \"args\":...">
+
+# received by server as two file uploads with multipart/form-data
+>> JSON.parse(r)['files'].keys
+=> ['file_a', 'file_b']
+```
+
+### Streaming responses
+
+Normally, when you use `RestClient.get` or the lower level
+`RestClient::Request.execute method: :get` to retrieve data, the entire
+response is buffered in memory and returned as the response to the call.
+
+However, if you are retrieving a large amount of data, for example a Docker
+image, an iso, or any other large file, you may want to stream the response
+directly to disk rather than loading it in memory. If you have a very large
+file, it may become *impossible* to load it into memory.
+
+There are two main ways to do this:
+
+#### `raw_response`, saves into Tempfile
+
+If you pass `raw_response: true` to `RestClient::Request.execute`, it will save
+the response body to a temporary file (using `Tempfile`) and return a
+`RestClient::RawResponse` object rather than a `RestClient::Response`.
+
+Note that the tempfile created by `Tempfile.new` will be in `Dir.tmpdir`
+(usually `/tmp/`), which you can override to store temporary files in a
+different location. This file will be unlinked when it is dereferenced.
+
+If logging is enabled, this will also print download progress.
+__New in 2.1:__ Customize the interval with `:stream_log_percent` (defaults to
+10 for printing a message every 10% complete).
+
+For example:
+
+```ruby
+>> raw = RestClient::Request.execute(
+           method: :get,
+           url: 'http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04.2/ubuntu-16.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso',
+           raw_response: true)
+=> <RestClient::RawResponse @code=200, @file=#<Tempfile:/tmp/rest-client.20170522-5346-1pptjm1>, @request=<RestClient::Request @method="get", @url="http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04.2/ubuntu-16.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso">>
+>> raw.file.size
+=> 1554186240
+>> raw.file.path
+=> "/tmp/rest-client.20170522-5346-1pptjm1"
+raw.file.path
+=> "/tmp/rest-client.20170522-5346-1pptjm1"
+
+>> require 'digest/sha1'
+>> Digest::SHA1.file(raw.file.path).hexdigest
+=> "4375b73e3a1aa305a36320ffd7484682922262b3"
+```
+
+#### `block_response`, receives raw Net::HTTPResponse
+
+If you want to stream the data from the response to a file as it comes, rather
+than entirely in memory, you can also pass `RestClient::Request.execute` a
+parameter `:block_response` to which you pass a block/proc. This block receives
+the raw unmodified Net::HTTPResponse object from Net::HTTP, which you can use
+to stream directly to a file as each chunk is received.
+
+Note that this bypasses all the usual HTTP status code handling, so you will
+want to do you own checking for HTTP 20x response codes, redirects, etc.
+
+The following is an example:
+
+````ruby
+File.open('/some/output/file', 'w') {|f|
+  block = proc { |response|
+    response.read_body do |chunk|
+      f.write chunk
+    end
+  }
+  RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get,
+                              url: 'http://example.com/some/really/big/file.img',
+                              block_response: block)
+}
+````
+
+## Shell
+
+The restclient shell command gives an IRB session with RestClient already loaded:
+
+```ruby
+$ restclient
+>> RestClient.get 'http://example.com'
+```
+
+Specify a URL argument for get/post/put/delete on that resource:
+
+```ruby
+$ restclient http://example.com
+>> put '/resource', 'data'
+```
+
+Add a user and password for authenticated resources:
+
+```ruby
+$ restclient https://example.com user pass
+>> delete '/private/resource'
+```
+
+Create ~/.restclient for named sessions:
+
+```ruby
+  sinatra:
+    url: http://localhost:4567
+  rack:
+    url: http://localhost:9292
+  private_site:
+    url: http://example.com
+    username: user
+    password: pass
+```
+
+Then invoke:
+
+```ruby
+$ restclient private_site
+```
+
+Use as a one-off, curl-style:
+
+```ruby
+$ restclient get http://example.com/resource > output_body
+
+$ restclient put http://example.com/resource < input_body
+```
+
+## Logging
+
+To enable logging globally you can:
+
+- set RestClient.log with a Ruby Logger
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.log = STDOUT
+```
+
+- or set an environment variable to avoid modifying the code (in this case you can use a file name, "stdout" or "stderr"):
+
+```ruby
+$ RESTCLIENT_LOG=stdout path/to/my/program
+```
+
+You can also set individual loggers when instantiating a Resource or making an
+individual request:
+
+```ruby
+resource = RestClient::Resource.new 'http://example.com/resource', log: Logger.new(STDOUT)
+```
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://example.com/foo', log: Logger.new(STDERR))
+```
+
+All options produce logs like this:
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.get "http://some/resource"
+# => 200 OK | text/html 250 bytes
+RestClient.put "http://some/resource", "payload"
+# => 401 Unauthorized | application/xml 340 bytes
+```
+
+Note that these logs are valid Ruby, so you can paste them into the `restclient`
+shell or a script to replay your sequence of rest calls.
+
+## Proxy
+
+All calls to RestClient, including Resources, will use the proxy specified by
+`RestClient.proxy`:
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.proxy = "http://proxy.example.com/"
+RestClient.get "http://some/resource"
+# => response from some/resource as proxied through proxy.example.com
+```
+
+Often the proxy URL is set in an environment variable, so you can do this to
+use whatever proxy the system is configured to use:
+
+```ruby
+  RestClient.proxy = ENV['http_proxy']
+```
+
+__New in 2.0:__ Specify a per-request proxy by passing the :proxy option to
+RestClient::Request. This will override any proxies set by environment variable
+or by the global `RestClient.proxy` value.
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://example.com',
+                            proxy: 'http://proxy.example.com')
+# => single request proxied through the proxy
+```
+
+This can be used to disable the use of a proxy for a particular request.
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.proxy = "http://proxy.example.com/"
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://example.com', proxy: nil)
+# => single request sent without a proxy
+```
+
+## Query parameters
+
+Rest-client can render a hash as HTTP query parameters for GET/HEAD/DELETE
+requests or as HTTP post data in `x-www-form-urlencoded` format for POST
+requests.
+
+__New in 2.0:__ Even though there is no standard specifying how this should
+work, rest-client follows a similar convention to the one used by Rack / Rails
+servers for handling arrays, nested hashes, and null values.
+
+The implementation in
+[./lib/rest-client/utils.rb](RestClient::Utils.encode_query_string)
+closely follows
+[Rack::Utils.build_nested_query](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/rack/Rack/Utils#build_nested_query-class_method),
+but treats empty arrays and hashes as `nil`. (Rack drops them entirely, which
+is confusing behavior.)
+
+If you don't like this behavior and want more control, just serialize params
+yourself (e.g. with `URI.encode_www_form`) and add the query string to the URL
+directly for GET parameters or pass the payload as a string for POST requests.
+
+Basic GET params:
+```ruby
+RestClient.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params: {foo: 'bar', baz: 'qux'})
+# GET "https://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar&baz=qux"
+```
+
+Basic `x-www-form-urlencoded` POST params:
+```ruby
+>> r = RestClient.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {foo: 'bar', baz: 'qux'})
+# POST "https://httpbin.org/post", data: "foo=bar&baz=qux"
+=> <RestClient::Response 200 "{\n  \"args\":...">
+>> JSON.parse(r.body)
+=> {"args"=>{},
+    "data"=>"",
+    "files"=>{},
+    "form"=>{"baz"=>"qux", "foo"=>"bar"},
+    "headers"=>
+    {"Accept"=>"*/*",
+        "Accept-Encoding"=>"gzip, deflate",
+        "Content-Length"=>"15",
+        "Content-Type"=>"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+        "Host"=>"httpbin.org"},
+    "json"=>nil,
+    "url"=>"https://httpbin.org/post"}
+```
+
+JSON payload: rest-client does not speak JSON natively, so serialize your
+payload to a string before passing it to rest-client.
+```ruby
+>> payload = {'name' => 'newrepo', 'description': 'A new repo'}
+>> RestClient.post('https://api.github.com/user/repos', payload.to_json, content_type: :json)
+=> <RestClient::Response 201 "{\"id\":75149...">
+```
+
+Advanced GET params (arrays):
+```ruby
+>> r = RestClient.get('https://http-params.herokuapp.com/get', params: {foo: [1,2,3]})
+# GET "https://http-params.herokuapp.com/get?foo[]=1&foo[]=2&foo[]=3"
+=> <RestClient::Response 200 "Method: GET...">
+>> puts r.body
+query_string: "foo[]=1&foo[]=2&foo[]=3"
+decoded:      "foo[]=1&foo[]=2&foo[]=3"
+
+GET:
+  {"foo"=>["1", "2", "3"]}
+```
+
+Advanced GET params (nested hashes):
+```ruby
+>> r = RestClient.get('https://http-params.herokuapp.com/get', params: {outer: {foo: 123, bar: 456}})
+# GET "https://http-params.herokuapp.com/get?outer[foo]=123&outer[bar]=456"
+=> <RestClient::Response 200 "Method: GET...">
+>> puts r.body
+...
+query_string: "outer[foo]=123&outer[bar]=456"
+decoded:      "outer[foo]=123&outer[bar]=456"
+
+GET:
+  {"outer"=>{"foo"=>"123", "bar"=>"456"}}
+```
+
+__New in 2.0:__ The new `RestClient::ParamsArray` class allows callers to
+provide ordering even to structured parameters. This is useful for unusual
+cases where the server treats the order of parameters as significant or you
+want to pass a particular key multiple times.
+
+Multiple fields with the same name using ParamsArray:
+```ruby
+>> RestClient.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params:
+                  RestClient::ParamsArray.new([[:foo, 1], [:foo, 2]]))
+# GET "https://httpbin.org/get?foo=1&foo=2"
+```
+
+Nested ParamsArray:
+```ruby
+>> RestClient.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params:
+                  {foo: RestClient::ParamsArray.new([[:a, 1], [:a, 2]])})
+# GET "https://httpbin.org/get?foo[a]=1&foo[a]=2"
+```
+
+## Headers
+
+Request headers can be set by passing a ruby hash containing keys and values
+representing header names and values:
+
+```ruby
+# GET request with modified headers
+RestClient.get 'http://example.com/resource', {:Authorization => 'Bearer cT0febFoD5lxAlNAXHo6g'}
+
+# POST request with modified headers
+RestClient.post 'http://example.com/resource', {:foo => 'bar', :baz => 'qux'}, {:Authorization => 'Bearer cT0febFoD5lxAlNAXHo6g'}
+
+# DELETE request with modified headers
+RestClient.delete 'http://example.com/resource', {:Authorization => 'Bearer cT0febFoD5lxAlNAXHo6g'}
+```
+
+## Timeouts
+
+By default the timeout for a request is 60 seconds. Timeouts for your request can
+be adjusted by setting the `timeout:` to the number of seconds that you would like
+the request to wait. Setting `timeout:` will override both `read_timeout:` and `open_timeout:`.
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://example.com/resource',
+                            timeout: 120)
+```
+
+Additionally, you can set `read_timeout:` and `open_timeout:` separately.
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: 'http://example.com/resource',
+                            read_timeout: 120, open_timeout: 240)
+```
+
+## Cookies
+
+Request and Response objects know about HTTP cookies, and will automatically
+extract and set headers for them as needed:
+
+```ruby
+response = RestClient.get 'http://example.com/action_which_sets_session_id'
+response.cookies
+# => {"_applicatioN_session_id" => "1234"}
+
+response2 = RestClient.post(
+  'http://localhost:3000/',
+  {:param1 => "foo"},
+  {:cookies => {:session_id => "1234"}}
+)
+# ...response body
+```
+### Full cookie jar support (new in 1.8)
+
+The original cookie implementation was very naive and ignored most of the
+cookie RFC standards.
+__New in 1.8__:  An HTTP::CookieJar of cookies
+
+Response objects now carry a cookie_jar method that exposes an HTTP::CookieJar
+of cookies, which supports full standards compliant behavior.
+
+## SSL/TLS support
+
+Various options are supported for configuring rest-client's TLS settings. By
+default, rest-client will verify certificates using the system's CA store on
+all platforms. (This is intended to be similar to how browsers behave.) You can
+specify an :ssl_ca_file, :ssl_ca_path, or :ssl_cert_store to customize the
+certificate authorities accepted.
+
+### SSL Client Certificates
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Resource.new(
+  'https://example.com',
+  :ssl_client_cert  =>  OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read("cert.pem")),
+  :ssl_client_key   =>  OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File.read("key.pem"), "passphrase, if any"),
+  :ssl_ca_file      =>  "ca_certificate.pem",
+  :verify_ssl       =>  OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
+).get
+```
+Self-signed certificates can be generated with the openssl command-line tool.
+
+## Hook
+
+RestClient.add_before_execution_proc add a Proc to be called before each execution.
+It's handy if you need direct access to the HTTP request.
+
+Example:
+
+```ruby
+# Add oauth support using the oauth gem
+require 'oauth'
+access_token = ...
+
+RestClient.add_before_execution_proc do |req, params|
+  access_token.sign! req
+end
+
+RestClient.get 'http://example.com'
+```
+
+## More
+
+Need caching, more advanced logging or any ability provided by Rack middleware?
+
+Have a look at rest-client-components: http://github.com/crohr/rest-client-components
+
+## Credits
+| | |
+|-------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
+| **REST Client Team**    | Andy Brody                                              |
+| **Creator**             | Adam Wiggins                                            |
+| **Maintainers Emeriti** | Lawrence Leonard Gilbert, Matthew Manning, Julien Kirch |
+| **Major contributions** | Blake Mizerany, Julien Kirch                            |
+
+A great many generous folks have contributed features and patches.
+See AUTHORS for the full list.
+
+## Legal
+
+Released under the MIT License: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+Photo of the International Space Station was produced by NASA and is in the
+public domain.
+
+Code for reading Windows root certificate store derived from work by Puppet;
+used under terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0.