redis-objects 2.0.0.beta → 2.0.0.beta2

data/README.md

@@ -1,72 +1,82 @@
-Redis::Objects - Map Redis types directly to Ruby objects
-=========================================================
+# Redis::Objects - Map Redis types directly to Ruby objects
 
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-Important 2.0 changes
-=====================
-Redis::Objects 2.0 introduces several important backwards incompatible changes.
-Currently 2.0 can be installed with `gem install redis-objects --pre` or by listing it
-explicitly in your Gemfile:
-~~~ruby
-# Gemfile
-gem 'redis-objects', '>= 2.0.0.beta'
-~~~
-You're encouraged to try it out in test code (not production) to ensure it works for you.
-Official release is expected later in 2023.
-
-Key Naming Changes
-------------------
-The internal key naming scheme has changed for `Nested::Class::Namespaces` to fix a longstanding bug.
-**This means your existing data in Redis will not be accessible until you call `migrate_redis_legacy_keys`.**
-
-To fix this (only needed once), create a script like this:
-
-~~~ruby
-class YouClassNameHere < ActiveRecord::Base
-  include Redis::Objects
-  # ... your relevant definitions here ...
-end
-
-YourClassName.migrate_redis_legacy_keys
-~~~
+## Important 2.0 changes
 
-Then, you need to find a time when you can temporarily pause writes to your redis server
-so that you can run that script. It uses `redis.scan` internally so it should be able to
-handle a high number of keys. For large data sets, it could take a while.
+Several longstanding bugs have been addressed in this release. However, this may require some
+code changes as part of the upgrade.
 
-For more details on the issue and fix refer to [#213](https://github.com/nateware/redis-objects/issues/231).
+### Renaming of `lock` Method
 
-Renaming of `lock` Method
--------------------------
 The `lock` method that collided with `ActiveRecord::Base` has been renamed `redis_lock`.
 This means your classes need to be updated to call `redis_lock` instead:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 class YouClassNameHere < ActiveRecord::Base
   include Redis::Objects
   redis_lock :mylock  # formerly just "lock"
-end 
-~~~
+end
+```
 
 For more details on the issue and fix refer to [#196](https://github.com/nateware/redis-objects/issues/196).
 
-Overview
---------
-This is **not** an ORM. People that are wrapping ORM’s around Redis are missing the point.
+### New key naming method
+
+A new method to determine the internal key naming scheme has been added to fix a
+longstanding bug. (Refer to [#213](https://github.com/nateware/redis-objects/issues/231))
+By default, backwards compatibility is maintained, but this means that in some cases,
+Nested classes (for example `Dog::Behavior` and `Cat::Behavior`) would have key names
+that collide (they would both start with `Behavior` as anything before `::` is stripped).
+
+To ensure names are unique, you can set `Redis::Objects.prefix_style = :modern` after
+you load the module. By default, it is set to `Redis::Objects.prefix_style = :legacy`.
+
+### Migrating old keys
+
+If your Redis::Object subclasses are nested such as `Dog::Behavior` and `Cat::Behavior`,
+then you should upgrade them using the below proceedure. (only needed once)
+
+Create a script like this:
+
+```ruby
+class Dog::Behavior < ActiveRecord::Base
+  include Redis::Objects
+  # ... your relevant redis_object definitions here (counters/sets) ...
+end
+
+Dog::Behavior.migrate_redis_legacy_keys
+```
+
+You need to find a time when you can temporarily pause writes to your redis server
+so that you can run that script. It uses `redis.scan` internally so it should be able to
+handle a high number of keys. For large data sets, it could take a while.
+
+After migrating all of your redis keys, update `Redis::Objects.prefix_style = :modern` to
+start using the new keys.
+
+**Note: Your existing data in Redis will not be accessible after running `migrate_redis_legacy_keys`
+until the `prefix_style` has been changed.**
+
+---
+
+# Overview
+
+This is **not** an ORM ([Object-Relational Mapping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_mapping)).
+People that are wrapping ORM’s around Redis are missing the point.
 
 The killer feature of Redis is that it allows you to perform _atomic_ operations
-on _individual_ data structures, like counters, lists, and sets.  The **atomic** part is HUGE.
+on _individual_ data structures, like counters, lists, and sets. The **atomic** part is HUGE.
 Using an ORM wrapper that retrieves a "record", updates values, then sends those values back,
-_removes_ the atomicity, and thus the major advantage of Redis.  Just use MySQL, k?
+_removes_ the atomicity, and thus the major advantage of Redis. Just use MySQL, k?
 
 This gem provides a Rubyish interface to Redis, by mapping [Redis data types](http://redis.io/commands)
-to Ruby objects, via a thin layer over the `redis` gem.  It offers several advantages
+to Ruby objects, via a thin layer over the `redis` gem. It offers several advantages
 over the lower-level redis-rb API:
 
-1. Easy to integrate directly with existing ORMs - ActiveRecord, DataMapper, etc.  Add counters to your model!
+1. Easy to integrate directly with existing ORMs - ActiveRecord, DataMapper, etc. Add counters to your model!
 2. Complex data structures are automatically Marshaled (if you set :marshal => true)
 3. Integers are returned as integers, rather than '17'
 4. Higher-level types are provided, such as Locks, that wrap multiple calls
@@ -75,46 +85,50 @@ This gem originally arose out of a need for high-concurrency atomic operations;
 for a fun rant on the topic, see [An Atomic Rant](http://nateware.com/2010/02/18/an-atomic-rant),
 or scroll down to [Atomic Counters and Locks](#atomicity) in this README.
 
-There are two ways to use Redis::Objects, either as an include in a model class (to
-tightly integrate with ORMs or other classes), or standalone by using classes such
+There are two ways to use Redis::Objects, either as an include within a [model class](#option-1-model-class-include) (to
+tightly integrate with ORMs or other classes), or [standalone](#option-2-standalone-usage) by using classes such
 as `Redis::List` and `Redis::SortedSet`.
 
-Installation and Setup
-----------------------
+# Installation and Setup
+
 Add it to your Gemfile as:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 gem 'redis-objects'
-~~~
+```
+
+Redis::Objects needs a handle created by `Redis.new` or a [ConnectionPool](https://github.com/mperham/connection_pool).
 
-Redis::Objects needs a handle created by `Redis.new` or a [ConnectionPool](https://github.com/mperham/connection_pool):
+If you're using Rails, `config/initializers/redis.rb` is a good place for this.
+However, there are **no** dependencies on Rails. Redis::Objects can be used in any Ruby code; Sinatra,
+Resque, or Standalone - no problem.
 
 The recommended approach is to use a `ConnectionPool` since this guarantees that most timeouts in the `redis` client
-do not pollute your existing connection. However, you need to make sure that both `:timeout` and `:size` are set appropriately
-in a multithreaded environment.
-~~~ruby
+do not pollute your existing connection.
+
+```ruby
 require 'connection_pool'
 Redis::Objects.redis = ConnectionPool.new(size: 5, timeout: 5) { Redis.new(:host => '127.0.0.1', :port => 6379) }
-~~~
+```
 
-Redis::Objects can also default to `Redis.current` if `Redis::Objects.redis` is not set.
-~~~ruby
-Redis.current = Redis.new(:host => '127.0.0.1', :port => 6379)
-~~~
-
-(If you're on Rails, `config/initializers/redis.rb` is a good place for this.)
-Remember you can use Redis::Objects in any Ruby code.  There are **no** dependencies
-on Rails.  Standalone, Sinatra, Resque - no problem.
+However, you need to make sure that both `:timeout` and `:size` are set appropriately
+in a multithreaded environment.
 
 Alternatively, you can set the `redis` handle directly:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 Redis::Objects.redis = Redis.new(...)
-~~~
+```
+
+Redis::Objects will also default to `Redis.current` if `Redis::Objects.redis` is not set.
+
+```ruby
+Redis.current = Redis.new(:host => '127.0.0.1', :port => 6379)
+```
 
 Finally, you can even set different handles for different classes:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 class User
   include Redis::Objects
 end
@@ -125,16 +139,16 @@ end
 # you can also use a ConnectionPool here as well
 User.redis = Redis.new(:host => '1.2.3.4')
 Post.redis = Redis.new(:host => '5.6.7.8')
-~~~
+```
 
 As of `0.7.0`, `redis-objects` now autoloads the appropriate `Redis::Whatever`
-classes on demand.  Previous strategies of individually requiring `redis/list`
+classes on demand. Previous strategies of individually requiring `redis/list`
 or `redis/set` are no longer required.
 
-Option 1: Model Class Include
-=============================
+# Option 1: Model Class Include
+
 Including Redis::Objects in a model class makes it trivial to integrate Redis types
-with an existing ActiveRecord, DataMapper, Mongoid, or similar class.  **Redis::Objects
+with an existing ActiveRecord, DataMapper, Mongoid, or similar class. **Redis::Objects
 will work with _any_ class that provides an `id` method that returns a unique value.**
 Redis::Objects automatically creates keys that are unique to each object, in the format:
 
@@ -142,7 +156,7 @@ Redis::Objects automatically creates keys that are unique to each object, in the
 
 For illustration purposes, consider this stub class:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 class User
   include Redis::Objects
   counter :my_posts
@@ -161,11 +175,11 @@ user.my_posts.reset
 puts user.my_posts.value # 0
 user.my_posts.reset 5
 puts user.my_posts.value # 5
-~~~
+```
 
 Here's an example that integrates several data types with an ActiveRecord model:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 class Team < ActiveRecord::Base
   include Redis::Objects
 
@@ -179,13 +193,21 @@ class Team < ActiveRecord::Base
   list :coaches, :marshal => true
   set  :outfielders
   hash_key :pitchers_faced  # "hash" is taken by Ruby
-  sorted_set :rank, :global => true
+
+  # Customized keys
+  counter :player_totals, :key => 'players/#{username}/total'
+  list :all_player_stats, :key => 'players:all_stats', :global => true
+  set :total_wins,        :key => 'players:#{id}:all_stats'
+  value :my_rank,         :key => 'players:my_rank:#{username}'
+
+  def id; @id; end
+  def username; "user#{id}"; end
 end
-~~~
+```
 
-Familiar Ruby array operations Just Work (TM):
+Familiar Ruby array operations Just Work™:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @team = Team.find_by_name('New York Yankees')
 @team.on_base << 'player1'
 @team.on_base << 'player2'
@@ -196,11 +218,11 @@ Familiar Ruby array operations Just Work (TM):
 @team.on_base.length  # 1
 @team.on_base.delete('player2')
 @team.on_base = ['player1', 'player2']  # ['player1', 'player2']
-~~~
+```
 
 Sets work too:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @team.outfielders << 'outfielder1'
 @team.outfielders << 'outfielder2'
 @team.outfielders << 'outfielder1'   # dup ignored
@@ -210,35 +232,35 @@ Sets work too:
 end
 player = @team.outfielders.detect{|of| of == 'outfielder2'}
 @team.outfielders = ['outfielder1', 'outfielder3']  # ['outfielder1', 'outfielder3']
-~~~
+```
 
 Hashes work too:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @team.pitchers_faced['player1'] = 'pitcher2'
 @team.pitchers_faced['player2'] = 'pitcher1'
 @team.pitchers_faced = { 'player1' => 'pitcher2', 'player2' => 'pitcher1' }
-~~~
+```
 
 And you can do unions and intersections between objects (kinda cool):
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @team1.outfielders | @team2.outfielders   # outfielders on both teams
 @team1.outfielders & @team2.outfielders   # in baseball, should be empty :-)
-~~~
+```
 
 Counters can be atomically incremented/decremented (but not assigned):
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @team.hits.increment  # or incr
 @team.hits.decrement  # or decr
 @team.hits.incr(3)    # add 3
 @team.runs = 4        # exception
-~~~
+```
 
 Defining a different method as the `id` field is easy
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 class User
   include Redis::Objects
   redis_id_field :uid
@@ -247,84 +269,100 @@ end
 
 user.uid                # 195137a1bdea4473
 user.my_posts.increment # 1
-~~~
+```
+
+You can also define globals redis attributes that are accessed through the class itself.
+No id needed/used for these.
+
+```ruby
+class Team < ActiveRecord::Base
+  include Redis::Objects
+
+  sorted_set :rank, :global => true
+end
+
+Team.rank['Yankees']   = 12
+Team.rank['Red Socks'] = 5
+Team.rank['Mariners']  = 7
+Team.rank.members(:with_scores => true) # => [["Red Socks", 5], ["Mariners", 7], ["Yankees", 12]]
+```
 
 Finally, for free, you get a `redis` method that points directly to a Redis connection:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 Team.redis.get('somekey')
 @team = Team.new
 @team.redis.get('somekey')
 @team.redis.smembers('someset')
-~~~
+```
 
 You can use the `redis` handle to directly call any [Redis API command](http://redis.io/commands).
 
-Option 2: Standalone Usage
-===========================
+# Option 2: Standalone Usage
+
 There is a Ruby class that maps to each Redis type, with methods for each
 [Redis API command](http://redis.io/commands).
 Note that calling `new` does not imply it's actually a "new" value - it just
 creates a mapping between that Ruby object and the corresponding Redis data
 structure, which may already exist on the `redis-server`.
 
-Counters
---------
+## Counters
+
 The `counter_name` is the key stored in Redis.
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @counter = Redis::Counter.new('counter_name')
 @counter.increment  # or incr
 @counter.decrement  # or decr
 @counter.increment(3)
 puts @counter.value
-~~~
+```
 
 This gem provides a clean way to do atomic blocks as well:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @counter.increment do |val|
   raise "Full" if val > MAX_VAL  # rewind counter
 end
-~~~
+```
 
 See the section on [Atomic Counters and Locks](#atomicity) for cool uses of atomic counter blocks.
 
-Locks
------
+## Locks
+
 A convenience class that wraps the pattern of [using setnx to perform locking](http://redis.io/commands/setnx).
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @lock = Redis::Lock.new('serialize_stuff', :expiration => 15, :timeout => 0.1)
 @lock.lock do
   # do work
 end
-~~~
+```
 
 This can be especially useful if you're running batch jobs spread across multiple hosts.
 
-Values
-------
+## Values
+
 Simple values are easy as well:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @value = Redis::Value.new('value_name')
 @value.value = 'a'
 @value.delete
-~~~
+```
 
 Complex data is no problem with :marshal => true:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @account = Account.create!(params[:account])
 @newest  = Redis::Value.new('newest_account', :marshal => true)
 @newest.value = @account.attributes
 puts @newest.value['username']
-~~~
+```
 
 Compress data to save memory usage on Redis with :compress => true:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @account = Account.create!(params[:account])
 @marshaled_value = Redis::Value.new('marshaled', :marshal => true, :compress => true)
 @marshaled_value.value = @account.attributes
@@ -332,13 +370,13 @@ Compress data to save memory usage on Redis with :compress => true:
 @unmarshaled_value = 'Really Long String'
 puts @marshaled_value.value['username']
 puts @unmarshaled_value.value
-~~~
+```
+
+## Lists
 
-Lists
------
 Lists work just like Ruby arrays:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @list = Redis::List.new('list_name')
 @list << 'a'
 @list << 'b'
@@ -353,35 +391,35 @@ Lists work just like Ruby arrays:
 @list.pop
 @list.clear
 # etc
-~~~
+```
 
 You can bound the size of the list to only hold N elements like so:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 # Only holds 10 elements, throws out old ones when you reach :maxlength.
 @list = Redis::List.new('list_name', :maxlength => 10)
-~~~
+```
 
 Complex data types are serialized with :marshal => true:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @list = Redis::List.new('list_name', :marshal => true)
 @list << {:name => "Nate", :city => "San Diego"}
 @list << {:name => "Peter", :city => "Oceanside"}
 @list.each do |el|
   puts "#{el[:name]} lives in #{el[:city]}"
 end
-~~~
+```
 
 Note: If you run into issues, with Marshal errors, refer to the fix in [Issue #176](https://github.com/nateware/redis-objects/issues/176).
 
-Hashes
-------
+## Hashes
+
 Hashes work like a Ruby [Hash](http://ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Hash.html), with
-a few Redis-specific additions.  (The class name is "HashKey" not just "Hash", due to
+a few Redis-specific additions. (The class name is "HashKey" not just "Hash", due to
 conflicts with the Ruby core Hash class in other gems.)
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @hash = Redis::HashKey.new('hash_name')
 @hash['a'] = 1
 @hash['b'] = 2
@@ -391,26 +429,26 @@ end
 @hash['c'] = 3
 puts @hash.all  # {"a"=>"1","b"=>"2","c"=>"3"}
 @hash.clear
-~~~
+```
 
 Redis also adds incrementing and bulk operations:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @hash.incr('c', 6)  # 9
 @hash.bulk_set('d' => 5, 'e' => 6)
 @hash.bulk_get('d','e')  # "5", "6"
-~~~
+```
 
-Remember that numbers become strings in Redis.  Unlike with other Redis data types,
+Remember that numbers become strings in Redis. Unlike with other Redis data types,
 `redis-objects` can't guess at your data type in this situation, since you may
 actually mean to store "1.5".
 
-Sets
-----
+## Sets
+
 Sets work like the Ruby [Set](http://ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Set.html) class.
 They are unordered, but guarantee uniqueness of members.
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @set = Redis::Set.new('set_name')
 @set << 'a'
 @set << 'b'
@@ -423,11 +461,11 @@ They are unordered, but guarantee uniqueness of members.
 end
 @set.clear
 # etc
-~~~
+```
 
 You can perform Redis intersections/unions/diffs easily:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @set1 = Redis::Set.new('set1')
 @set2 = Redis::Set.new('set2')
 @set3 = Redis::Set.new('set3')
@@ -439,22 +477,22 @@ members = @set1 - @set2   # difference
 members = @set1.intersection(@set2, @set3)  # multiple
 members = @set1.union(@set2, @set3)         # multiple
 members = @set1.difference(@set2, @set3)    # multiple
-~~~
+```
 
 Or store them in Redis:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @set1.interstore('intername', @set2, @set3)
 members = @set1.redis.get('intername')
 @set1.unionstore('unionname', @set2, @set3)
 members = @set1.redis.get('unionname')
 @set1.diffstore('diffname', @set2, @set3)
 members = @set1.redis.get('diffname')
-~~~
+```
 
 And use complex data types too, with :marshal => true:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @set1 = Redis::Set.new('set1', :marshal => true)
 @set2 = Redis::Set.new('set2', :marshal => true)
 @set1 << {:name => "Nate",  :city => "San Diego"}
@@ -465,14 +503,14 @@ And use complex data types too, with :marshal => true:
 @set1 & @set2  # Nate
 @set1 - @set2  # Peter
 @set1 | @set2  # all 3 people
-~~~
+```
+
+## Sorted Sets
 
-Sorted Sets
------------
 Due to their unique properties, Sorted Sets work like a hybrid between
-a Hash and an Array.  You assign like a Hash, but retrieve like an Array:
+a Hash and an Array. You assign like a Hash, but retrieve like an Array:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @sorted_set = Redis::SortedSet.new('number_of_posts')
 @sorted_set['Nate']  = 15
 @sorted_set['Peter'] = 75
@@ -504,19 +542,21 @@ a Hash and an Array.  You assign like a Hash, but retrieve like an Array:
 @sorted_set.increment('Nate')
 @sorted_set.incr('Peter')   # shorthand
 @sorted_set.incr('Jeff', 4)
-~~~
+```
 
 The other Redis Sorted Set commands are supported as well; see [Sorted Sets API](http://redis.io/commands#sorted_set).
 
 <a name="atomicity"></a>
 Atomic Counters and Locks
--------------------------
-You are probably not handling atomicity correctly in your app.  For a fun rant
+
+---
+
+You are probably not handling atomicity correctly in your app. For a fun rant
 on the topic, see [An Atomic Rant](http://nateware.com/an-atomic-rant.html).
 
 Atomic counters are a good way to handle concurrency:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @team = Team.find(1)
 if @team.drafted_players.increment <= @team.max_players
   # do stuff
@@ -526,53 +566,53 @@ else
   # reset counter state
   @team.drafted_players.decrement
 end
-~~~
+```
 
 An _atomic block_ gives you a cleaner way to do the above. Exceptions or returning nil
 will rewind the counter back to its previous state:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @team.drafted_players.increment do |val|
   raise Team::TeamFullError if val > @team.max_players  # rewind
   @team.team_players.create!(:player_id => 221)
   @team.active_players.increment
 end
-~~~
+```
 
 Here's a similar approach, using an if block (failure rewinds counter):
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 @team.drafted_players.increment do |val|
   if val <= @team.max_players
     @team.team_players.create!(:player_id => 221)
     @team.active_players.increment
   end
 end
-~~~
+```
 
 Class methods work too, using the familiar ActiveRecord counter syntax:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 Team.increment_counter :drafted_players, team_id
 Team.decrement_counter :drafted_players, team_id, 2
 Team.increment_counter :total_online_players  # no ID on global counter
-~~~
+```
 
-Class-level atomic blocks can also be used.  This may save a DB fetch, if you have
+Class-level atomic blocks can also be used. This may save a DB fetch, if you have
 a record ID and don't need any other attributes from the DB table:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 Team.increment_counter(:drafted_players, team_id) do |val|
   TeamPitcher.create!(:team_id => team_id, :pitcher_id => 181)
   Team.increment_counter(:active_players, team_id)
 end
-~~~
+```
 
-### Locks ###
+### Locks
 
 Locks work similarly. On completion or exception the lock is released:
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 class Team < ActiveRecord::Base
   redis_lock :reorder # declare a lock
 end
@@ -580,47 +620,47 @@ end
 @team.reorder_lock.lock do
   @team.reorder_all_players
 end
-~~~
+```
 
 Class-level lock (same concept)
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 Team.obtain_lock(:reorder, team_id) do
   Team.reorder_all_players(team_id)
 end
-~~~
+```
 
-Lock expiration.  Sometimes you want to make sure your locks are cleaned up should
-the unthinkable happen (server failure).  You can set lock expirations to handle
-this.  Expired locks are released by the next process to attempt lock.  Just
+Lock expiration. Sometimes you want to make sure your locks are cleaned up should
+the unthinkable happen (server failure). You can set lock expirations to handle
+this. Expired locks are released by the next process to attempt lock. Just
 make sure you expiration value is sufficiently large compared to your expected
 lock time.
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 class Team < ActiveRecord::Base
   redis_lock :reorder, :expiration => 15.minutes
 end
-~~~
+```
 
-Keep in mind that true locks serialize your entire application at that point.  As
+Keep in mind that true locks serialize your entire application at that point. As
 such, atomic counters are strongly preferred.
 
-### Expiration ###
+### Expiration
 
 Use :expiration and :expireat options to set default expiration.
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 value :value_with_expiration, :expiration => 1.hour
 value :value_with_expireat, :expireat => lambda { Time.now + 1.hour }
-~~~
+```
 
 :warning: In the above example, `expiration` is evaluated at class load time.
 In this example, it will be one hour after loading the class, not after one hour
 after setting a value. If you want to expire one hour after setting the value,
 please use `:expireat` with `lambda`.
 
-Custom serialization
---------------------
+## Custom serialization
+
 You can customize how values are serialized by setting `serializer: CustomSerializer`.
 The default is `Marshal` from the standard lib, but it can be anything that responds to `dump` and
 `load`. `JSON` and `YAML` are popular options.
@@ -628,7 +668,7 @@ The default is `Marshal` from the standard lib, but it can be anything that resp
 If you need to pass extra arguments to `dump` or `load`, you can set
 `marshal_dump_args: { foo: 'bar' }` and `marshal_load_args: { foo: 'bar' }` respectively.
 
-~~~ruby
+```ruby
 class CustomSerializer
   def self.dump(value)
     # custom code for serializing
@@ -642,9 +682,22 @@ end
 @account = Account.create!(params[:account])
 @newest  = Redis::Value.new('custom_serializer', marshal: true, serializer: CustomSerializer)
 @newest.value = @account.attributes
-~~~
+```
+
+---
+
+## Under the Hood
+
+Redis keys are prefixed to namespace keys with the same names.
+By default the prefix is generated from the embedded class's name.
+But you can also set a custom prefix using `redis_prefix=`.
+
+If needed the redis key for a specific attribute of a class can be obtained by:
+`MyClass.redis_field_key(attr_name, primary_id)`
+or for globals
+`MyClass.redis_field_key(attr_name)`
+
+## Author
 
-Author
-=======
-Copyright (c) 2009-2022 [Nate Wiger](http://nateware.com).  All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2009-2026 [Nate Wiger](http://nateware.com). All Rights Reserved.
 Released under the [Artistic License](http://www.opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license-2.0.php).