redis-client 0.3.0 → 0.4.0

data/ext/redis_client/hiredis/vendor/sds.c

@@ -1,1289 +0,0 @@
-/* SDSLib 2.0 -- A C dynamic strings library
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2006-2015, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
- * Copyright (c) 2015, Oran Agra
- * Copyright (c) 2015, Redis Labs, Inc
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- *
- *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
- *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *   * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
- *     to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
- *     specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
- * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
- * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
- * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
- * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
- * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
- * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
- * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
- * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#include "fmacros.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include "sds.h"
-#include "sdsalloc.h"
-
-static inline int sdsHdrSize(char type) {
-    switch(type&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
-        case SDS_TYPE_5:
-            return sizeof(struct sdshdr5);
-        case SDS_TYPE_8:
-            return sizeof(struct sdshdr8);
-        case SDS_TYPE_16:
-            return sizeof(struct sdshdr16);
-        case SDS_TYPE_32:
-            return sizeof(struct sdshdr32);
-        case SDS_TYPE_64:
-            return sizeof(struct sdshdr64);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static inline char sdsReqType(size_t string_size) {
-    if (string_size < 32)
-        return SDS_TYPE_5;
-    if (string_size < 0xff)
-        return SDS_TYPE_8;
-    if (string_size < 0xffff)
-        return SDS_TYPE_16;
-    if (string_size < 0xffffffff)
-        return SDS_TYPE_32;
-    return SDS_TYPE_64;
-}
-
-/* Create a new sds string with the content specified by the 'init' pointer
- * and 'initlen'.
- * If NULL is used for 'init' the string is initialized with zero bytes.
- *
- * The string is always null-termined (all the sds strings are, always) so
- * even if you create an sds string with:
- *
- * mystring = sdsnewlen("abc",3);
- *
- * You can print the string with printf() as there is an implicit \0 at the
- * end of the string. However the string is binary safe and can contain
- * \0 characters in the middle, as the length is stored in the sds header. */
-sds sdsnewlen(const void *init, size_t initlen) {
-    void *sh;
-    sds s;
-    char type = sdsReqType(initlen);
-    /* Empty strings are usually created in order to append. Use type 8
-     * since type 5 is not good at this. */
-    if (type == SDS_TYPE_5 && initlen == 0) type = SDS_TYPE_8;
-    int hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);
-    unsigned char *fp; /* flags pointer. */
-
-    sh = s_malloc(hdrlen+initlen+1);
-    if (sh == NULL) return NULL;
-    if (!init)
-        memset(sh, 0, hdrlen+initlen+1);
-    s = (char*)sh+hdrlen;
-    fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1;
-    switch(type) {
-        case SDS_TYPE_5: {
-            *fp = type | (initlen << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
-            break;
-        }
-        case SDS_TYPE_8: {
-            SDS_HDR_VAR(8,s);
-            sh->len = initlen;
-            sh->alloc = initlen;
-            *fp = type;
-            break;
-        }
-        case SDS_TYPE_16: {
-            SDS_HDR_VAR(16,s);
-            sh->len = initlen;
-            sh->alloc = initlen;
-            *fp = type;
-            break;
-        }
-        case SDS_TYPE_32: {
-            SDS_HDR_VAR(32,s);
-            sh->len = initlen;
-            sh->alloc = initlen;
-            *fp = type;
-            break;
-        }
-        case SDS_TYPE_64: {
-            SDS_HDR_VAR(64,s);
-            sh->len = initlen;
-            sh->alloc = initlen;
-            *fp = type;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (initlen && init)
-        memcpy(s, init, initlen);
-    s[initlen] = '\0';
-    return s;
-}
-
-/* Create an empty (zero length) sds string. Even in this case the string
- * always has an implicit null term. */
-sds sdsempty(void) {
-    return sdsnewlen("",0);
-}
-
-/* Create a new sds string starting from a null terminated C string. */
-sds sdsnew(const char *init) {
-    size_t initlen = (init == NULL) ? 0 : strlen(init);
-    return sdsnewlen(init, initlen);
-}
-
-/* Duplicate an sds string. */
-sds sdsdup(const sds s) {
-    return sdsnewlen(s, sdslen(s));
-}
-
-/* Free an sds string. No operation is performed if 's' is NULL. */
-void sdsfree(sds s) {
-    if (s == NULL) return;
-    s_free((char*)s-sdsHdrSize(s[-1]));
-}
-
-/* Set the sds string length to the length as obtained with strlen(), so
- * considering as content only up to the first null term character.
- *
- * This function is useful when the sds string is hacked manually in some
- * way, like in the following example:
- *
- * s = sdsnew("foobar");
- * s[2] = '\0';
- * sdsupdatelen(s);
- * printf("%d\n", sdslen(s));
- *
- * The output will be "2", but if we comment out the call to sdsupdatelen()
- * the output will be "6" as the string was modified but the logical length
- * remains 6 bytes. */
-void sdsupdatelen(sds s) {
-    int reallen = strlen(s);
-    sdssetlen(s, reallen);
-}
-
-/* Modify an sds string in-place to make it empty (zero length).
- * However all the existing buffer is not discarded but set as free space
- * so that next append operations will not require allocations up to the
- * number of bytes previously available. */
-void sdsclear(sds s) {
-    sdssetlen(s, 0);
-    s[0] = '\0';
-}
-
-/* Enlarge the free space at the end of the sds string so that the caller
- * is sure that after calling this function can overwrite up to addlen
- * bytes after the end of the string, plus one more byte for nul term.
- *
- * Note: this does not change the *length* of the sds string as returned
- * by sdslen(), but only the free buffer space we have. */
-sds sdsMakeRoomFor(sds s, size_t addlen) {
-    void *sh, *newsh;
-    size_t avail = sdsavail(s);
-    size_t len, newlen;
-    char type, oldtype = s[-1] & SDS_TYPE_MASK;
-    int hdrlen;
-
-    /* Return ASAP if there is enough space left. */
-    if (avail >= addlen) return s;
-
-    len = sdslen(s);
-    sh = (char*)s-sdsHdrSize(oldtype);
-    newlen = (len+addlen);
-    if (newlen < SDS_MAX_PREALLOC)
-        newlen *= 2;
-    else
-        newlen += SDS_MAX_PREALLOC;
-
-    type = sdsReqType(newlen);
-
-    /* Don't use type 5: the user is appending to the string and type 5 is
-     * not able to remember empty space, so sdsMakeRoomFor() must be called
-     * at every appending operation. */
-    if (type == SDS_TYPE_5) type = SDS_TYPE_8;
-
-    hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);
-    if (oldtype==type) {
-        newsh = s_realloc(sh, hdrlen+newlen+1);
-        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
-        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
-    } else {
-        /* Since the header size changes, need to move the string forward,
-         * and can't use realloc */
-        newsh = s_malloc(hdrlen+newlen+1);
-        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
-        memcpy((char*)newsh+hdrlen, s, len+1);
-        s_free(sh);
-        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
-        s[-1] = type;
-        sdssetlen(s, len);
-    }
-    sdssetalloc(s, newlen);
-    return s;
-}
-
-/* Reallocate the sds string so that it has no free space at the end. The
- * contained string remains not altered, but next concatenation operations
- * will require a reallocation.
- *
- * After the call, the passed sds string is no longer valid and all the
- * references must be substituted with the new pointer returned by the call. */
-sds sdsRemoveFreeSpace(sds s) {
-    void *sh, *newsh;
-    char type, oldtype = s[-1] & SDS_TYPE_MASK;
-    int hdrlen;
-    size_t len = sdslen(s);
-    sh = (char*)s-sdsHdrSize(oldtype);
-
-    type = sdsReqType(len);
-    hdrlen = sdsHdrSize(type);
-    if (oldtype==type) {
-        newsh = s_realloc(sh, hdrlen+len+1);
-        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
-        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
-    } else {
-        newsh = s_malloc(hdrlen+len+1);
-        if (newsh == NULL) return NULL;
-        memcpy((char*)newsh+hdrlen, s, len+1);
-        s_free(sh);
-        s = (char*)newsh+hdrlen;
-        s[-1] = type;
-        sdssetlen(s, len);
-    }
-    sdssetalloc(s, len);
-    return s;
-}
-
-/* Return the total size of the allocation of the specifed sds string,
- * including:
- * 1) The sds header before the pointer.
- * 2) The string.
- * 3) The free buffer at the end if any.
- * 4) The implicit null term.
- */
-size_t sdsAllocSize(sds s) {
-    size_t alloc = sdsalloc(s);
-    return sdsHdrSize(s[-1])+alloc+1;
-}
-
-/* Return the pointer of the actual SDS allocation (normally SDS strings
- * are referenced by the start of the string buffer). */
-void *sdsAllocPtr(sds s) {
-    return (void*) (s-sdsHdrSize(s[-1]));
-}
-
-/* Increment the sds length and decrements the left free space at the
- * end of the string according to 'incr'. Also set the null term
- * in the new end of the string.
- *
- * This function is used in order to fix the string length after the
- * user calls sdsMakeRoomFor(), writes something after the end of
- * the current string, and finally needs to set the new length.
- *
- * Note: it is possible to use a negative increment in order to
- * right-trim the string.
- *
- * Usage example:
- *
- * Using sdsIncrLen() and sdsMakeRoomFor() it is possible to mount the
- * following schema, to cat bytes coming from the kernel to the end of an
- * sds string without copying into an intermediate buffer:
- *
- * oldlen = sdslen(s);
- * s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s, BUFFER_SIZE);
- * nread = read(fd, s+oldlen, BUFFER_SIZE);
- * ... check for nread <= 0 and handle it ...
- * sdsIncrLen(s, nread);
- */
-void sdsIncrLen(sds s, int incr) {
-    unsigned char flags = s[-1];
-    size_t len;
-    switch(flags&SDS_TYPE_MASK) {
-        case SDS_TYPE_5: {
-            unsigned char *fp = ((unsigned char*)s)-1;
-            unsigned char oldlen = SDS_TYPE_5_LEN(flags);
-            assert((incr > 0 && oldlen+incr < 32) || (incr < 0 && oldlen >= (unsigned int)(-incr)));
-            *fp = SDS_TYPE_5 | ((oldlen+incr) << SDS_TYPE_BITS);
-            len = oldlen+incr;
-            break;
-        }
-        case SDS_TYPE_8: {
-            SDS_HDR_VAR(8,s);
-            assert((incr >= 0 && sh->alloc-sh->len >= incr) || (incr < 0 && sh->len >= (unsigned int)(-incr)));
-            len = (sh->len += incr);
-            break;
-        }
-        case SDS_TYPE_16: {
-            SDS_HDR_VAR(16,s);
-            assert((incr >= 0 && sh->alloc-sh->len >= incr) || (incr < 0 && sh->len >= (unsigned int)(-incr)));
-            len = (sh->len += incr);
-            break;
-        }
-        case SDS_TYPE_32: {
-            SDS_HDR_VAR(32,s);
-            assert((incr >= 0 && sh->alloc-sh->len >= (unsigned int)incr) || (incr < 0 && sh->len >= (unsigned int)(-incr)));
-            len = (sh->len += incr);
-            break;
-        }
-        case SDS_TYPE_64: {
-            SDS_HDR_VAR(64,s);
-            assert((incr >= 0 && sh->alloc-sh->len >= (uint64_t)incr) || (incr < 0 && sh->len >= (uint64_t)(-incr)));
-            len = (sh->len += incr);
-            break;
-        }
-        default: len = 0; /* Just to avoid compilation warnings. */
-    }
-    s[len] = '\0';
-}
-
-/* Grow the sds to have the specified length. Bytes that were not part of
- * the original length of the sds will be set to zero.
- *
- * if the specified length is smaller than the current length, no operation
- * is performed. */
-sds sdsgrowzero(sds s, size_t len) {
-    size_t curlen = sdslen(s);
-
-    if (len <= curlen) return s;
-    s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,len-curlen);
-    if (s == NULL) return NULL;
-
-    /* Make sure added region doesn't contain garbage */
-    memset(s+curlen,0,(len-curlen+1)); /* also set trailing \0 byte */
-    sdssetlen(s, len);
-    return s;
-}
-
-/* Append the specified binary-safe string pointed by 't' of 'len' bytes to the
- * end of the specified sds string 's'.
- *
- * After the call, the passed sds string is no longer valid and all the
- * references must be substituted with the new pointer returned by the call. */
-sds sdscatlen(sds s, const void *t, size_t len) {
-    size_t curlen = sdslen(s);
-
-    s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,len);
-    if (s == NULL) return NULL;
-    memcpy(s+curlen, t, len);
-    sdssetlen(s, curlen+len);
-    s[curlen+len] = '\0';
-    return s;
-}
-
-/* Append the specified null termianted C string to the sds string 's'.
- *
- * After the call, the passed sds string is no longer valid and all the
- * references must be substituted with the new pointer returned by the call. */
-sds sdscat(sds s, const char *t) {
-    return sdscatlen(s, t, strlen(t));
-}
-
-/* Append the specified sds 't' to the existing sds 's'.
- *
- * After the call, the modified sds string is no longer valid and all the
- * references must be substituted with the new pointer returned by the call. */
-sds sdscatsds(sds s, const sds t) {
-    return sdscatlen(s, t, sdslen(t));
-}
-
-/* Destructively modify the sds string 's' to hold the specified binary
- * safe string pointed by 't' of length 'len' bytes. */
-sds sdscpylen(sds s, const char *t, size_t len) {
-    if (sdsalloc(s) < len) {
-        s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,len-sdslen(s));
-        if (s == NULL) return NULL;
-    }
-    memcpy(s, t, len);
-    s[len] = '\0';
-    sdssetlen(s, len);
-    return s;
-}
-
-/* Like sdscpylen() but 't' must be a null-termined string so that the length
- * of the string is obtained with strlen(). */
-sds sdscpy(sds s, const char *t) {
-    return sdscpylen(s, t, strlen(t));
-}
-
-/* Helper for sdscatlonglong() doing the actual number -> string
- * conversion. 's' must point to a string with room for at least
- * SDS_LLSTR_SIZE bytes.
- *
- * The function returns the length of the null-terminated string
- * representation stored at 's'. */
-#define SDS_LLSTR_SIZE 21
-int sdsll2str(char *s, long long value) {
-    char *p, aux;
-    unsigned long long v;
-    size_t l;
-
-    /* Generate the string representation, this method produces
-     * an reversed string. */
-    v = (value < 0) ? -value : value;
-    p = s;
-    do {
-        *p++ = '0'+(v%10);
-        v /= 10;
-    } while(v);
-    if (value < 0) *p++ = '-';
-
-    /* Compute length and add null term. */
-    l = p-s;
-    *p = '\0';
-
-    /* Reverse the string. */
-    p--;
-    while(s < p) {
-        aux = *s;
-        *s = *p;
-        *p = aux;
-        s++;
-        p--;
-    }
-    return l;
-}
-
-/* Identical sdsll2str(), but for unsigned long long type. */
-int sdsull2str(char *s, unsigned long long v) {
-    char *p, aux;
-    size_t l;
-
-    /* Generate the string representation, this method produces
-     * an reversed string. */
-    p = s;
-    do {
-        *p++ = '0'+(v%10);
-        v /= 10;
-    } while(v);
-
-    /* Compute length and add null term. */
-    l = p-s;
-    *p = '\0';
-
-    /* Reverse the string. */
-    p--;
-    while(s < p) {
-        aux = *s;
-        *s = *p;
-        *p = aux;
-        s++;
-        p--;
-    }
-    return l;
-}
-
-/* Create an sds string from a long long value. It is much faster than:
- *
- * sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"%lld\n", value);
- */
-sds sdsfromlonglong(long long value) {
-    char buf[SDS_LLSTR_SIZE];
-    int len = sdsll2str(buf,value);
-
-    return sdsnewlen(buf,len);
-}
-
-/* Like sdscatprintf() but gets va_list instead of being variadic. */
-sds sdscatvprintf(sds s, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
-    va_list cpy;
-    char staticbuf[1024], *buf = staticbuf, *t;
-    size_t buflen = strlen(fmt)*2;
-
-    /* We try to start using a static buffer for speed.
-     * If not possible we revert to heap allocation. */
-    if (buflen > sizeof(staticbuf)) {
-        buf = s_malloc(buflen);
-        if (buf == NULL) return NULL;
-    } else {
-        buflen = sizeof(staticbuf);
-    }
-
-    /* Try with buffers two times bigger every time we fail to
-     * fit the string in the current buffer size. */
-    while(1) {
-        buf[buflen-2] = '\0';
-        va_copy(cpy,ap);
-        vsnprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, cpy);
-        va_end(cpy);
-        if (buf[buflen-2] != '\0') {
-            if (buf != staticbuf) s_free(buf);
-            buflen *= 2;
-            buf = s_malloc(buflen);
-            if (buf == NULL) return NULL;
-            continue;
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    /* Finally concat the obtained string to the SDS string and return it. */
-    t = sdscat(s, buf);
-    if (buf != staticbuf) s_free(buf);
-    return t;
-}
-
-/* Append to the sds string 's' a string obtained using printf-alike format
- * specifier.
- *
- * After the call, the modified sds string is no longer valid and all the
- * references must be substituted with the new pointer returned by the call.
- *
- * Example:
- *
- * s = sdsnew("Sum is: ");
- * s = sdscatprintf(s,"%d+%d = %d",a,b,a+b).
- *
- * Often you need to create a string from scratch with the printf-alike
- * format. When this is the need, just use sdsempty() as the target string:
- *
- * s = sdscatprintf(sdsempty(), "... your format ...", args);
- */
-sds sdscatprintf(sds s, const char *fmt, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    char *t;
-    va_start(ap, fmt);
-    t = sdscatvprintf(s,fmt,ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-    return t;
-}
-
-/* This function is similar to sdscatprintf, but much faster as it does
- * not rely on sprintf() family functions implemented by the libc that
- * are often very slow. Moreover directly handling the sds string as
- * new data is concatenated provides a performance improvement.
- *
- * However this function only handles an incompatible subset of printf-alike
- * format specifiers:
- *
- * %s - C String
- * %S - SDS string
- * %i - signed int
- * %I - 64 bit signed integer (long long, int64_t)
- * %u - unsigned int
- * %U - 64 bit unsigned integer (unsigned long long, uint64_t)
- * %% - Verbatim "%" character.
- */
-sds sdscatfmt(sds s, char const *fmt, ...) {
-    const char *f = fmt;
-    int i;
-    va_list ap;
-
-    va_start(ap,fmt);
-    i = sdslen(s); /* Position of the next byte to write to dest str. */
-    while(*f) {
-        char next, *str;
-        size_t l;
-        long long num;
-        unsigned long long unum;
-
-        /* Make sure there is always space for at least 1 char. */
-        if (sdsavail(s)==0) {
-            s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,1);
-            if (s == NULL) goto fmt_error;
-        }
-
-        switch(*f) {
-        case '%':
-            next = *(f+1);
-            f++;
-            switch(next) {
-            case 's':
-            case 'S':
-                str = va_arg(ap,char*);
-                l = (next == 's') ? strlen(str) : sdslen(str);
-                if (sdsavail(s) < l) {
-                    s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,l);
-                    if (s == NULL) goto fmt_error;
-                }
-                memcpy(s+i,str,l);
-                sdsinclen(s,l);
-                i += l;
-                break;
-            case 'i':
-            case 'I':
-                if (next == 'i')
-                    num = va_arg(ap,int);
-                else
-                    num = va_arg(ap,long long);
-                {
-                    char buf[SDS_LLSTR_SIZE];
-                    l = sdsll2str(buf,num);
-                    if (sdsavail(s) < l) {
-                        s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,l);
-                        if (s == NULL) goto fmt_error;
-                    }
-                    memcpy(s+i,buf,l);
-                    sdsinclen(s,l);
-                    i += l;
-                }
-                break;
-            case 'u':
-            case 'U':
-                if (next == 'u')
-                    unum = va_arg(ap,unsigned int);
-                else
-                    unum = va_arg(ap,unsigned long long);
-                {
-                    char buf[SDS_LLSTR_SIZE];
-                    l = sdsull2str(buf,unum);
-                    if (sdsavail(s) < l) {
-                        s = sdsMakeRoomFor(s,l);
-                        if (s == NULL) goto fmt_error;
-                    }
-                    memcpy(s+i,buf,l);
-                    sdsinclen(s,l);
-                    i += l;
-                }
-                break;
-            default: /* Handle %% and generally %<unknown>. */
-                s[i++] = next;
-                sdsinclen(s,1);
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            s[i++] = *f;
-            sdsinclen(s,1);
-            break;
-        }
-        f++;
-    }
-    va_end(ap);
-
-    /* Add null-term */
-    s[i] = '\0';
-    return s;
-
-fmt_error:
-    va_end(ap);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Remove the part of the string from left and from right composed just of
- * contiguous characters found in 'cset', that is a null terminted C string.
- *
- * After the call, the modified sds string is no longer valid and all the
- * references must be substituted with the new pointer returned by the call.
- *
- * Example:
- *
- * s = sdsnew("AA...AA.a.aa.aHelloWorld     :::");
- * s = sdstrim(s,"Aa. :");
- * printf("%s\n", s);
- *
- * Output will be just "Hello World".
- */
-sds sdstrim(sds s, const char *cset) {
-    char *start, *end, *sp, *ep;
-    size_t len;
-
-    sp = start = s;
-    ep = end = s+sdslen(s)-1;
-    while(sp <= end && strchr(cset, *sp)) sp++;
-    while(ep > sp && strchr(cset, *ep)) ep--;
-    len = (sp > ep) ? 0 : ((ep-sp)+1);
-    if (s != sp) memmove(s, sp, len);
-    s[len] = '\0';
-    sdssetlen(s,len);
-    return s;
-}
-
-/* Turn the string into a smaller (or equal) string containing only the
- * substring specified by the 'start' and 'end' indexes.
- *
- * start and end can be negative, where -1 means the last character of the
- * string, -2 the penultimate character, and so forth.
- *
- * The interval is inclusive, so the start and end characters will be part
- * of the resulting string.
- *
- * The string is modified in-place.
- *
- * Return value:
- * -1 (error) if sdslen(s) is larger than maximum positive ssize_t value.
- *  0 on success.
- *
- * Example:
- *
- * s = sdsnew("Hello World");
- * sdsrange(s,1,-1); => "ello World"
- */
-int sdsrange(sds s, ssize_t start, ssize_t end) {
-    size_t newlen, len = sdslen(s);
-    if (len > SSIZE_MAX) return -1;
-
-    if (len == 0) return 0;
-    if (start < 0) {
-        start = len+start;
-        if (start < 0) start = 0;
-    }
-    if (end < 0) {
-        end = len+end;
-        if (end < 0) end = 0;
-    }
-    newlen = (start > end) ? 0 : (end-start)+1;
-    if (newlen != 0) {
-        if (start >= (ssize_t)len) {
-            newlen = 0;
-        } else if (end >= (ssize_t)len) {
-            end = len-1;
-            newlen = (start > end) ? 0 : (end-start)+1;
-        }
-    } else {
-        start = 0;
-    }
-    if (start && newlen) memmove(s, s+start, newlen);
-    s[newlen] = 0;
-    sdssetlen(s,newlen);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* Apply tolower() to every character of the sds string 's'. */
-void sdstolower(sds s) {
-    int len = sdslen(s), j;
-
-    for (j = 0; j < len; j++) s[j] = tolower(s[j]);
-}
-
-/* Apply toupper() to every character of the sds string 's'. */
-void sdstoupper(sds s) {
-    int len = sdslen(s), j;
-
-    for (j = 0; j < len; j++) s[j] = toupper(s[j]);
-}
-
-/* Compare two sds strings s1 and s2 with memcmp().
- *
- * Return value:
- *
- *     positive if s1 > s2.
- *     negative if s1 < s2.
- *     0 if s1 and s2 are exactly the same binary string.
- *
- * If two strings share exactly the same prefix, but one of the two has
- * additional characters, the longer string is considered to be greater than
- * the smaller one. */
-int sdscmp(const sds s1, const sds s2) {
-    size_t l1, l2, minlen;
-    int cmp;
-
-    l1 = sdslen(s1);
-    l2 = sdslen(s2);
-    minlen = (l1 < l2) ? l1 : l2;
-    cmp = memcmp(s1,s2,minlen);
-    if (cmp == 0) return l1-l2;
-    return cmp;
-}
-
-/* Split 's' with separator in 'sep'. An array
- * of sds strings is returned. *count will be set
- * by reference to the number of tokens returned.
- *
- * On out of memory, zero length string, zero length
- * separator, NULL is returned.
- *
- * Note that 'sep' is able to split a string using
- * a multi-character separator. For example
- * sdssplit("foo_-_bar","_-_"); will return two
- * elements "foo" and "bar".
- *
- * This version of the function is binary-safe but
- * requires length arguments. sdssplit() is just the
- * same function but for zero-terminated strings.
- */
-sds *sdssplitlen(const char *s, int len, const char *sep, int seplen, int *count) {
-    int elements = 0, slots = 5, start = 0, j;
-    sds *tokens;
-
-    if (seplen < 1 || len < 0) return NULL;
-
-    tokens = s_malloc(sizeof(sds)*slots);
-    if (tokens == NULL) return NULL;
-
-    if (len == 0) {
-        *count = 0;
-        return tokens;
-    }
-    for (j = 0; j < (len-(seplen-1)); j++) {
-        /* make sure there is room for the next element and the final one */
-        if (slots < elements+2) {
-            sds *newtokens;
-
-            slots *= 2;
-            newtokens = s_realloc(tokens,sizeof(sds)*slots);
-            if (newtokens == NULL) goto cleanup;
-            tokens = newtokens;
-        }
-        /* search the separator */
-        if ((seplen == 1 && *(s+j) == sep[0]) || (memcmp(s+j,sep,seplen) == 0)) {
-            tokens[elements] = sdsnewlen(s+start,j-start);
-            if (tokens[elements] == NULL) goto cleanup;
-            elements++;
-            start = j+seplen;
-            j = j+seplen-1; /* skip the separator */
-        }
-    }
-    /* Add the final element. We are sure there is room in the tokens array. */
-    tokens[elements] = sdsnewlen(s+start,len-start);
-    if (tokens[elements] == NULL) goto cleanup;
-    elements++;
-    *count = elements;
-    return tokens;
-
-cleanup:
-    {
-        int i;
-        for (i = 0; i < elements; i++) sdsfree(tokens[i]);
-        s_free(tokens);
-        *count = 0;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-/* Free the result returned by sdssplitlen(), or do nothing if 'tokens' is NULL. */
-void sdsfreesplitres(sds *tokens, int count) {
-    if (!tokens) return;
-    while(count--)
-        sdsfree(tokens[count]);
-    s_free(tokens);
-}
-
-/* Append to the sds string "s" an escaped string representation where
- * all the non-printable characters (tested with isprint()) are turned into
- * escapes in the form "\n\r\a...." or "\x<hex-number>".
- *
- * After the call, the modified sds string is no longer valid and all the
- * references must be substituted with the new pointer returned by the call. */
-sds sdscatrepr(sds s, const char *p, size_t len) {
-    s = sdscatlen(s,"\"",1);
-    while(len--) {
-        switch(*p) {
-        case '\\':
-        case '"':
-            s = sdscatprintf(s,"\\%c",*p);
-            break;
-        case '\n': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\n",2); break;
-        case '\r': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\r",2); break;
-        case '\t': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\t",2); break;
-        case '\a': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\a",2); break;
-        case '\b': s = sdscatlen(s,"\\b",2); break;
-        default:
-            if (isprint(*p))
-                s = sdscatprintf(s,"%c",*p);
-            else
-                s = sdscatprintf(s,"\\x%02x",(unsigned char)*p);
-            break;
-        }
-        p++;
-    }
-    return sdscatlen(s,"\"",1);
-}
-
-/* Helper function for sdssplitargs() that converts a hex digit into an
- * integer from 0 to 15 */
-int hex_digit_to_int(char c) {
-    switch(c) {
-    case '0': return 0;
-    case '1': return 1;
-    case '2': return 2;
-    case '3': return 3;
-    case '4': return 4;
-    case '5': return 5;
-    case '6': return 6;
-    case '7': return 7;
-    case '8': return 8;
-    case '9': return 9;
-    case 'a': case 'A': return 10;
-    case 'b': case 'B': return 11;
-    case 'c': case 'C': return 12;
-    case 'd': case 'D': return 13;
-    case 'e': case 'E': return 14;
-    case 'f': case 'F': return 15;
-    default: return 0;
-    }
-}
-
-/* Split a line into arguments, where every argument can be in the
- * following programming-language REPL-alike form:
- *
- * foo bar "newline are supported\n" and "\xff\x00otherstuff"
- *
- * The number of arguments is stored into *argc, and an array
- * of sds is returned.
- *
- * The caller should free the resulting array of sds strings with
- * sdsfreesplitres().
- *
- * Note that sdscatrepr() is able to convert back a string into
- * a quoted string in the same format sdssplitargs() is able to parse.
- *
- * The function returns the allocated tokens on success, even when the
- * input string is empty, or NULL if the input contains unbalanced
- * quotes or closed quotes followed by non space characters
- * as in: "foo"bar or "foo'
- */
-sds *sdssplitargs(const char *line, int *argc) {
-    const char *p = line;
-    char *current = NULL;
-    char **vector = NULL;
-
-    *argc = 0;
-    while(1) {
-        /* skip blanks */
-        while(*p && isspace(*p)) p++;
-        if (*p) {
-            /* get a token */
-            int inq=0;  /* set to 1 if we are in "quotes" */
-            int insq=0; /* set to 1 if we are in 'single quotes' */
-            int done=0;
-
-            if (current == NULL) current = sdsempty();
-            while(!done) {
-                if (inq) {
-                    if (*p == '\\' && *(p+1) == 'x' &&
-                                             isxdigit(*(p+2)) &&
-                                             isxdigit(*(p+3)))
-                    {
-                        unsigned char byte;
-
-                        byte = (hex_digit_to_int(*(p+2))*16)+
-                                hex_digit_to_int(*(p+3));
-                        current = sdscatlen(current,(char*)&byte,1);
-                        p += 3;
-                    } else if (*p == '\\' && *(p+1)) {
-                        char c;
-
-                        p++;
-                        switch(*p) {
-                        case 'n': c = '\n'; break;
-                        case 'r': c = '\r'; break;
-                        case 't': c = '\t'; break;
-                        case 'b': c = '\b'; break;
-                        case 'a': c = '\a'; break;
-                        default: c = *p; break;
-                        }
-                        current = sdscatlen(current,&c,1);
-                    } else if (*p == '"') {
-                        /* closing quote must be followed by a space or
-                         * nothing at all. */
-                        if (*(p+1) && !isspace(*(p+1))) goto err;
-                        done=1;
-                    } else if (!*p) {
-                        /* unterminated quotes */
-                        goto err;
-                    } else {
-                        current = sdscatlen(current,p,1);
-                    }
-                } else if (insq) {
-                    if (*p == '\\' && *(p+1) == '\'') {
-                        p++;
-                        current = sdscatlen(current,"'",1);
-                    } else if (*p == '\'') {
-                        /* closing quote must be followed by a space or
-                         * nothing at all. */
-                        if (*(p+1) && !isspace(*(p+1))) goto err;
-                        done=1;
-                    } else if (!*p) {
-                        /* unterminated quotes */
-                        goto err;
-                    } else {
-                        current = sdscatlen(current,p,1);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    switch(*p) {
-                    case ' ':
-                    case '\n':
-                    case '\r':
-                    case '\t':
-                    case '\0':
-                        done=1;
-                        break;
-                    case '"':
-                        inq=1;
-                        break;
-                    case '\'':
-                        insq=1;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        current = sdscatlen(current,p,1);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (*p) p++;
-            }
-            /* add the token to the vector */
-            {
-                char **new_vector = s_realloc(vector,((*argc)+1)*sizeof(char*));
-                if (new_vector == NULL) {
-                    s_free(vector);
-                    return NULL;
-                }
-
-                vector = new_vector;
-                vector[*argc] = current;
-                (*argc)++;
-                current = NULL;
-            }
-        } else {
-            /* Even on empty input string return something not NULL. */
-            if (vector == NULL) vector = s_malloc(sizeof(void*));
-            return vector;
-        }
-    }
-
-err:
-    while((*argc)--)
-        sdsfree(vector[*argc]);
-    s_free(vector);
-    if (current) sdsfree(current);
-    *argc = 0;
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Modify the string substituting all the occurrences of the set of
- * characters specified in the 'from' string to the corresponding character
- * in the 'to' array.
- *
- * For instance: sdsmapchars(mystring, "ho", "01", 2)
- * will have the effect of turning the string "hello" into "0ell1".
- *
- * The function returns the sds string pointer, that is always the same
- * as the input pointer since no resize is needed. */
-sds sdsmapchars(sds s, const char *from, const char *to, size_t setlen) {
-    size_t j, i, l = sdslen(s);
-
-    for (j = 0; j < l; j++) {
-        for (i = 0; i < setlen; i++) {
-            if (s[j] == from[i]) {
-                s[j] = to[i];
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return s;
-}
-
-/* Join an array of C strings using the specified separator (also a C string).
- * Returns the result as an sds string. */
-sds sdsjoin(char **argv, int argc, char *sep) {
-    sds join = sdsempty();
-    int j;
-
-    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
-        join = sdscat(join, argv[j]);
-        if (j != argc-1) join = sdscat(join,sep);
-    }
-    return join;
-}
-
-/* Like sdsjoin, but joins an array of SDS strings. */
-sds sdsjoinsds(sds *argv, int argc, const char *sep, size_t seplen) {
-    sds join = sdsempty();
-    int j;
-
-    for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
-        join = sdscatsds(join, argv[j]);
-        if (j != argc-1) join = sdscatlen(join,sep,seplen);
-    }
-    return join;
-}
-
-/* Wrappers to the allocators used by SDS. Note that SDS will actually
- * just use the macros defined into sdsalloc.h in order to avoid to pay
- * the overhead of function calls. Here we define these wrappers only for
- * the programs SDS is linked to, if they want to touch the SDS internals
- * even if they use a different allocator. */
-void *sds_malloc(size_t size) { return s_malloc(size); }
-void *sds_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size) { return s_realloc(ptr,size); }
-void sds_free(void *ptr) { s_free(ptr); }
-
-#if defined(SDS_TEST_MAIN)
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "testhelp.h"
-#include "limits.h"
-
-#define UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
-int sdsTest(void) {
-    {
-        sds x = sdsnew("foo"), y;
-
-        test_cond("Create a string and obtain the length",
-            sdslen(x) == 3 && memcmp(x,"foo\0",4) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnewlen("foo",2);
-        test_cond("Create a string with specified length",
-            sdslen(x) == 2 && memcmp(x,"fo\0",3) == 0)
-
-        x = sdscat(x,"bar");
-        test_cond("Strings concatenation",
-            sdslen(x) == 5 && memcmp(x,"fobar\0",6) == 0);
-
-        x = sdscpy(x,"a");
-        test_cond("sdscpy() against an originally longer string",
-            sdslen(x) == 1 && memcmp(x,"a\0",2) == 0)
-
-        x = sdscpy(x,"xyzxxxxxxxxxxyyyyyyyyyykkkkkkkkkk");
-        test_cond("sdscpy() against an originally shorter string",
-            sdslen(x) == 33 &&
-            memcmp(x,"xyzxxxxxxxxxxyyyyyyyyyykkkkkkkkkk\0",33) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"%d",123);
-        test_cond("sdscatprintf() seems working in the base case",
-            sdslen(x) == 3 && memcmp(x,"123\0",4) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnew("--");
-        x = sdscatfmt(x, "Hello %s World %I,%I--", "Hi!", LLONG_MIN,LLONG_MAX);
-        test_cond("sdscatfmt() seems working in the base case",
-            sdslen(x) == 60 &&
-            memcmp(x,"--Hello Hi! World -9223372036854775808,"
-                     "9223372036854775807--",60) == 0)
-        printf("[%s]\n",x);
-
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnew("--");
-        x = sdscatfmt(x, "%u,%U--", UINT_MAX, ULLONG_MAX);
-        test_cond("sdscatfmt() seems working with unsigned numbers",
-            sdslen(x) == 35 &&
-            memcmp(x,"--4294967295,18446744073709551615--",35) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnew(" x ");
-        sdstrim(x," x");
-        test_cond("sdstrim() works when all chars match",
-            sdslen(x) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnew(" x ");
-        sdstrim(x," ");
-        test_cond("sdstrim() works when a single char remains",
-            sdslen(x) == 1 && x[0] == 'x')
-
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnew("xxciaoyyy");
-        sdstrim(x,"xy");
-        test_cond("sdstrim() correctly trims characters",
-            sdslen(x) == 4 && memcmp(x,"ciao\0",5) == 0)
-
-        y = sdsdup(x);
-        sdsrange(y,1,1);
-        test_cond("sdsrange(...,1,1)",
-            sdslen(y) == 1 && memcmp(y,"i\0",2) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        y = sdsdup(x);
-        sdsrange(y,1,-1);
-        test_cond("sdsrange(...,1,-1)",
-            sdslen(y) == 3 && memcmp(y,"iao\0",4) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        y = sdsdup(x);
-        sdsrange(y,-2,-1);
-        test_cond("sdsrange(...,-2,-1)",
-            sdslen(y) == 2 && memcmp(y,"ao\0",3) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        y = sdsdup(x);
-        sdsrange(y,2,1);
-        test_cond("sdsrange(...,2,1)",
-            sdslen(y) == 0 && memcmp(y,"\0",1) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        y = sdsdup(x);
-        sdsrange(y,1,100);
-        test_cond("sdsrange(...,1,100)",
-            sdslen(y) == 3 && memcmp(y,"iao\0",4) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        y = sdsdup(x);
-        sdsrange(y,100,100);
-        test_cond("sdsrange(...,100,100)",
-            sdslen(y) == 0 && memcmp(y,"\0",1) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnew("foo");
-        y = sdsnew("foa");
-        test_cond("sdscmp(foo,foa)", sdscmp(x,y) > 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnew("bar");
-        y = sdsnew("bar");
-        test_cond("sdscmp(bar,bar)", sdscmp(x,y) == 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnew("aar");
-        y = sdsnew("bar");
-        test_cond("sdscmp(bar,bar)", sdscmp(x,y) < 0)
-
-        sdsfree(y);
-        sdsfree(x);
-        x = sdsnewlen("\a\n\0foo\r",7);
-        y = sdscatrepr(sdsempty(),x,sdslen(x));
-        test_cond("sdscatrepr(...data...)",
-            memcmp(y,"\"\\a\\n\\x00foo\\r\"",15) == 0)
-
-        {
-            unsigned int oldfree;
-            char *p;
-            int step = 10, j, i;
-
-            sdsfree(x);
-            sdsfree(y);
-            x = sdsnew("0");
-            test_cond("sdsnew() free/len buffers", sdslen(x) == 1 && sdsavail(x) == 0);
-
-            /* Run the test a few times in order to hit the first two
-             * SDS header types. */
-            for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-                int oldlen = sdslen(x);
-                x = sdsMakeRoomFor(x,step);
-                int type = x[-1]&SDS_TYPE_MASK;
-
-                test_cond("sdsMakeRoomFor() len", sdslen(x) == oldlen);
-                if (type != SDS_TYPE_5) {
-                    test_cond("sdsMakeRoomFor() free", sdsavail(x) >= step);
-                    oldfree = sdsavail(x);
-                }
-                p = x+oldlen;
-                for (j = 0; j < step; j++) {
-                    p[j] = 'A'+j;
-                }
-                sdsIncrLen(x,step);
-            }
-            test_cond("sdsMakeRoomFor() content",
-                memcmp("0ABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJABCDEFGHIJ",x,101) == 0);
-            test_cond("sdsMakeRoomFor() final length",sdslen(x)==101);
-
-            sdsfree(x);
-        }
-    }
-    test_report()
-    return 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SDS_TEST_MAIN
-int main(void) {
-    return sdsTest();
-}
-#endif