red_amber 0.3.0 → 0.4.0

data/lib/red_amber/subframes.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1066 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module RedAmber
+  # class SubFrames treats a set of subsets of a DataFrame
+  # [Experimental feature] Class SubFrames may be removed or be changed in the future.
+  class SubFrames
+    include Enumerable # may change to use Forwardable.
+    include Helper
+
+    using RefineArray
+    using RefineArrayLike
+
+    class << self
+      # Create SubFrames from a Group.
+      #
+      # [Experimental feature] this method may be removed or be changed in the future.
+      # @param group [Group]
+      #   a Group to be used to create SubFrames.
+      # @return [SubFrames]
+      #   a created SubFrames.
+      # @example
+      #   dataframe
+      #
+      #   # =>
+      #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000fba4>
+      #   x y        z
+      #   <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+      #   0       1 A        false
+      #   1       2 A        true
+      #   2       3 B        false
+      #   3       4 B        (nil)
+      #   4       5 B        true
+      #   5       6 C        false
+      #
+      #   group = Group.new(dataframe, [:y])
+      #   sf = SubFrames.by_group(group)
+      #
+      #   # =>
+      #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000000fbb8>
+      #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000fb7c>
+      #   3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+      #   ---
+      #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000fbcc>
+      #           x y        z
+      #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+      #   0       1 A        false
+      #   1       2 A        true
+      #   ---
+      #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000fbe0>
+      #           x y        z
+      #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+      #   0       3 B        false
+      #   1       4 B        (nil)
+      #   2       5 B        true
+      #   ---
+      #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000fbf4>
+      #           x y        z
+      #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+      #   0       6 C        false
+      #
+      # @since 0.4.0
+      #
+      def by_group(group)
+        SubFrames.new(group.dataframe, group.filters)
+      end
+
+      # Create a new SubFrames object from a DataFrame and an array of indices.
+      #
+      # @api private
+      # @note this method doesn't check arguments.
+      # @param dataframe [DataFrame]
+      #   a source dataframe.
+      # @param subset_indices [Array, Array<Vector>]
+      #   an Array of numeric indices to create subsets of DataFrame.
+      # @return [SubFrames]
+      #   a new SubFrames object.
+      # @since 0.4.0
+      #
+      def by_indices(dataframe, subset_indices)
+        instance = allocate
+        instance.instance_variable_set(:@baseframe, dataframe)
+        enum =
+          Enumerator.new(subset_indices.size) do |y|
+            subset_indices.each do |i|
+              y.yield dataframe.take(i)
+            end
+          end
+        instance.instance_variable_set(:@enum, enum)
+        instance
+      end
+
+      # Create a new SubFrames object from a DataFrame and an array of filters.
+      #
+      # @api private
+      # @note this method doesn't check arguments.
+      # @param dataframe [DataFrame]
+      #   a source dataframe.
+      # @param subset_filters [Array, Array<Vector>]
+      #   an Array of booleans to specify subsets of DataFrame.
+      #   Each filters must have same length as dataframe.
+      # @return [SubFrames]
+      #   a new SubFrames object.
+      # @since 0.4.0
+      #
+      def by_filters(dataframe, subset_filters)
+        instance = allocate
+        instance.instance_variable_set(:@baseframe, dataframe)
+        enum =
+          Enumerator.new(subset_filters.size) do |y|
+            subset_filters.each do |i|
+              y.yield dataframe.filter(i)
+            end
+          end
+        instance.instance_variable_set(:@enum, enum)
+        instance
+      end
+
+      # Create a new SubFrames from an Array of DataFrames.
+      #
+      # @api private
+      # @note dataframes must have same schema.
+      # @param dataframes [Array<DataFrame>]
+      #   an array of DataFrames which have same schema.
+      # @return [SubFrames]
+      #   a new SubFrames object.
+      # @since 0.4.0
+      #
+      def by_dataframes(dataframes)
+        instance = allocate
+        case Array(dataframes)
+        when [] || [nil]
+          instance.instance_variable_set(:@baseframe, DataFrame.new)
+          instance.instance_variable_set(:@frames, [])
+          enum = [].each
+        else
+          enum =
+            Enumerator.new(dataframes.size) do |y|
+              dataframes.each do |i|
+                y.yield i
+              end
+            end
+          instance.instance_variable_set(:@baseframe, enum.reduce(&:concatenate))
+        end
+        instance.instance_variable_set(:@enum, enum)
+        instance
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      # This method upgrades a iterating method from Enumerable to return SubFrames.
+
+      # @!macro [attach] define_subframable_method
+      #
+      #   [Returns SubFrames] Use `#each.$1` if you want to get DataFrames by Array.
+      #   Returns an Enumerator with no block given.
+      #   @yieldparam dataframe [DataFrame]
+      #     gives each element.
+      #   @yieldreturn [Array<DataFrame>]
+      #     the block should return DataFrames with same schema.
+      #   @return [SubFrames]
+      #     a new SubFrames.
+      #
+      def define_subframable_method(method)
+        define_method(method) do |&block|
+          return enum_for(:each) { size } unless block # rubocop:disable Lint/ToEnumArguments
+
+          self.class.by_dataframes(super(&block))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Create a new SubFrames object from a DataFrame and an array of indices or filters.
+    #
+    # @overload initialize(dataframe, subset_specifier)
+    #   Create a new SubFrames object.
+    #
+    #   @param dataframe [DataFrame]
+    #     a source dataframe.
+    #   @param subset_specifier [Array<Vector>, Array<array-like>]
+    #     an Array of numeric indices or boolean filters
+    #     to create subsets of DataFrame.
+    #   @return [SubFrames]
+    #     new SubFrames.
+    #   @example
+    #     dataframe
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000039e4>
+    #       x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       1 A        false
+    #     1       2 A        true
+    #     2       3 B        false
+    #     3       4 B        (nil)
+    #     4       5 B        true
+    #     5       6 C        false
+    #
+    #     SubFrames.new(dataframe, [[0, 2, 3], [4, 1]])
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x0000000000003a34>
+    #     @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 5 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a48>
+    #     2 SubFrames: [3, 2] in sizes.
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a5c>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       1 A        false
+    #     1       3 B        false
+    #     2       4 B        (nil)
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a70>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       5 B        true
+    #     1       2 A        true
+    #
+    # @overload initialize(dataframe)
+    #   Create a new SubFrames object by block.
+    #
+    #   @param dataframe [DataFrame]
+    #     a source dataframe.
+    #   @yieldparam dataframe [DataFrame]
+    #     the block is called with `dataframe`.
+    #   @yieldreturn [Array<numeric_array_like>, Array<boolean_array_like>]
+    #     an Array of index or boolean array-likes to create subsets of DataFrame.
+    #     All array-likes are responsible to #numeric? or #boolean?.
+    #   @return [SubFrames]
+    #     a new SubFrames object.
+    #   @example
+    #     SubFrames.new(dataframe) do |df|
+    #       booleans = df[:z]
+    #       [booleans, !booleans]
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x0000000000003aac>
+    #     @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 5 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003ac0>
+    #     2 SubFrames: [2, 3] in sizes.
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003ad4>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       2 A        true
+    #     1       5 B        true
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003ae8>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       1 A        false
+    #     1       3 B        false
+    #     2       6 C        false
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def initialize(dataframe, subset_specifier = nil, &block)
+      unless dataframe.is_a?(DataFrame)
+        raise SubFramesArgumentError, "not a DataFrame: #{dataframe}"
+      end
+
+      if block
+        unless subset_specifier.nil?
+          raise SubFramesArgumentError, 'Must not specify both arguments and block.'
+        end
+
+        subset_specifier = yield(dataframe)
+      end
+
+      if dataframe.empty? || subset_specifier.nil? || subset_specifier.empty?
+        @baseframe = DataFrame.new
+        @frames = []
+        @enum = @frames.each
+      else
+        @baseframe = nil
+        @enum =
+          Enumerator.new(subset_specifier.size) do |yielder|
+            subset_specifier.map do |i|
+              df =
+                if i.numeric?
+                  dataframe.take(i)
+                elsif i.boolean?
+                  dataframe.filter(i)
+                else
+                  raise SubFramesArgumentError, "illegal type: #{i}"
+                end
+              yielder.yield df
+            end
+          end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Return concatenated SubFrames as a DataDrame.
+    #
+    # Once evaluated, memorize it as @baseframe.
+    # @return [DataFrame]
+    #   a concatenated DataFrame.
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def baseframe
+      @baseframe ||= reduce(&:concatenate)
+    end
+    alias_method :concatenate, :baseframe
+    alias_method :concat, :baseframe
+
+    # Iterates over sub DataFrames or returns an Enumerator.
+    #
+    # This method will memorize sub DataFrames and always returns the same object.
+    # The Class SubFrames is including Enumerable module.
+    # So many methods in Enumerable are available.
+    #
+    # @overload each
+    #   Returns a new Enumerator if no block given.
+    #
+    #   @return [Enumerator]
+    #     Enumerator of each elements.
+    #
+    # @overload each
+    #   When a block given, passes each sub DataFrames to the block.
+    #
+    #   @yieldparam subframe [DataFrame]
+    #     passes sub DataFrame by a block parameter.
+    #   @yieldreturn [Object]
+    #     evaluated result value from the block.
+    #   @return [self]
+    #     returns self.
+    #
+    # @example Returns Enumerator
+    #   sf.each
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<Enumerator: ...>
+    #
+    # @example `to_a` from Enumerable.
+    #   sf.to_a
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   [#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000002a120>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   ,
+    #    #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000002a134>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B        false
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)
+    #   2       5 B        true
+    #   ,
+    #    #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000002a148>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       6 C        false
+    #   ]
+    #
+    # @example Concatenate SubFrames. This example is used in #concatenate.
+    #   sf.reduce(&:concatenate)
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000004883c>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   2       3 B        false
+    #   3       4 B        (nil)
+    #   4       5 B        true
+    #   5       6 C        false
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def each(&block)
+      return enum_for(__method__) { size } unless block
+
+      frames.each(&block)
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Aggregate SubFrames to create a DataFrame.
+    #
+    # This method will check if built-in aggregation function is used.
+    # @todo Support user-defined aggregation functions.
+    #
+    # @overload aggregate(group_keys, aggregations)
+    #
+    #   Aggregate SubFrames for first values of the columns of
+    #   `group_keys` and the aggregated results of key-function pairs.
+    #
+    #   @param group_keys [Symbol, String, Array<Symbol, String>]
+    #     group key name(s) to output values.
+    #   @param aggregations [Hash<Array<Symbol, String> => Array<:Symbol>>]
+    #     a Hash of variable (column) name and
+    #     Vector aggregate function name to apply.
+    #   @return [DataFrame]
+    #     an aggregated DataFrame.
+    #   @example
+    #     subframes
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x0000000000003980>
+    #     @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003994>
+    #     3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000039a8>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       1 A        false
+    #     1       2 A        true
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000039bc>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       3 B        false
+    #     1       4 B        (nil)
+    #     2       5 B        true
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000039d0>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       6 C        false
+    #
+    #     subframes.aggregate(:y, { x: :sum })
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 2 Vectors, 0x0000000000003b24>
+    #       y          sum_x
+    #       <string> <uint8>
+    #     0 A              3
+    #     1 B             12
+    #     2 C              6
+    #
+    # @overload aggregate(group_keys, aggregations)
+    #
+    #   Aggregate SubFrames for first values of the columns of
+    #   `group_keys` and the aggregated results of all combinations
+    #   of supplied keys and functions.
+    #
+    #   @param group_keys [Symbol, String, Array<Symbol, String>]
+    #     group key name(s) to output values.
+    #   @param aggregations [Array[Array<Symbol, String>, Array<:Symbol>]]
+    #     an Array of Array of variable (column) names and
+    #     Array of Vector aggregate function names to apply.
+    #   @return [DataFrame]
+    #     an aggregated DataFrame.
+    #   @example
+    #     sf.aggregate(:y, [[:x, :z], [:count, :sum]])
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 5 Vectors, 0x000000000000fcbc>
+    #       y        count_x count_z   sum_x   sum_z
+    #       <string> <uint8> <uint8> <uint8> <uint8>
+    #     0 A              2       2       3       1
+    #     1 B              3       2      12       1
+    #     2 C              1       1       6       0
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def aggregate(group_keys, aggregations)
+      aggregator =
+        case aggregations
+        in Hash
+          sf = self
+          aggregations.map do |key, func|
+            unless Vector.aggregate?(func)
+              raise SubFramesArgumentError, "not an aggregation function: #{func}"
+            end
+
+            ["#{func}_#{key}", sf.each.map { |df| df[key].send(func) }]
+          end
+        in [Array => keys, Array => functions]
+          functions.each do |func|
+            unless Vector.aggregate?(func)
+              raise SubFramesArgumentError, "not an aggregation function: #{func}"
+            end
+          end
+          sf = self
+          functions.product(keys).map do |func, key|
+            ["#{func}_#{key}", sf.each.map { |df| df[key].send(func) }]
+          end
+        else
+          raise SubFramesArgumentError, "invalid argument: #{aggregations}"
+        end
+
+      if group_keys.empty?
+        DataFrame.new(aggregator)
+      else
+        baseframe
+          .pick(group_keys)
+          .slice(offset_indices)
+          .assign(aggregator)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns a SubFrames containing DataFrames returned by the block.
+    #
+    # @example Map as it is.
+    #   subframes
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000001359c>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000135b0>
+    #   3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000135c4>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000135d8>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B        false
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)
+    #   2       5 B        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000135ec>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       6 C        false
+    #
+    #   subframes.map { _1 }
+    #
+    #   # This will create a new SubFrame and a new baseframe,
+    #   # But each element DataFrames are re-used.
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000001e6cc>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000001e6e0>
+    #   3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000135c4>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000135d8>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B        false
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)
+    #   2       5 B        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x00000000000135ec>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       6 C        false
+    #
+    # @example Assign a new column.
+    #   subframes.map { |df| df.assign(x_plus1: df[:x] + 1) }
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x0000000000040948>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000004095c>
+    #   3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 4 Vectors, 0x0000000000040970>
+    #           x y        z         x_plus1
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #   0       1 A        false           2
+    #   1       2 A        true            3
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 4 Vectors, 0x0000000000040984>
+    #           x y        z         x_plus1
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #   0       3 B        false           4
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)           5
+    #   2       5 B        true            6
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 4 Vectors, 0x0000000000040998>
+    #           x y        z         x_plus1
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #   0       6 C        false           7
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    define_subframable_method :map
+    alias_method :collect, :map
+
+    # Update existing column(s) or create new columns(s) for each DataFrames in self.
+    #
+    # Column values are updated by an oveloaded common operation.
+    #
+    # @overload assign(key)
+    #   Assign a column by argument and block.
+    #
+    #   @param key [Symbol, String]
+    #     a key of column to assign.
+    #   @yieldparam dataframe [DataFrame]
+    #     gives overloaded dataframe in self to the block.
+    #   @yieldreturn [Vector, Array, Arrow::Array]
+    #     an updated column value which are overloaded.
+    #   @return [SubFrames]
+    #     a new SubFrames object with updated DataFrames.
+    #   @example
+    #     subframes
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000000c33c>
+    #     @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000c350>
+    #     3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000c364>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       1 A        false
+    #     1       2 A        true
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000c378>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       3 B        false
+    #     1       4 B        (nil)
+    #     2       5 B        true
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000c38c>
+    #             x y        z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #     0       6 C        false
+    #
+    #     subframes.assign(:x_plus1) { x + 1 }
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000000c3a0>
+    #     @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000000c3b4>
+    #     3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000000c3c8>
+    #             x y        z         x_plus1
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #     0       1 A        false           2
+    #     1       2 A        true            3
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000000c3dc>
+    #             x y        z         x_plus1
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #     0       3 B        false           4
+    #     1       4 B        (nil)           5
+    #     2       5 B        true            6
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000000c3f0>
+    #             x y        z         x_plus1
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #     0       6 C        false           7
+    #
+    # @overload assign(keys)
+    #   Assign columns by arguments and block.
+    #
+    #   @param keys [Array<Symbol, String>]
+    #     keys of columns to assign.
+    #   @yieldparam dataframe [DataFrame]
+    #     gives overloaded dataframes in self to the block.
+    #   @yieldreturn [Array<Vector, Array, Arrow::Array>]
+    #     an updated column values which are overloaded.
+    #   @return [SubFrames]
+    #     a new SubFrames object with updated DataFrames.
+    #   @example
+    #     subframes.assign(:sum_x, :frac_x) do
+    #       group_sum = x.sum
+    #       [[group_sum] * size, x / s.to_f]
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000000fce4>
+    #     @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 5 Vectors, 0x000000000000fcf8>
+    #     3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 5 Vectors, 0x000000000000fd0c>
+    #             x y        z           sum_x   frac_x
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8> <double>
+    #     0       1 A        false           3     0.33
+    #     1       2 A        true            3     0.67
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 5 Vectors, 0x000000000000fd20>
+    #             x y        z           sum_x   frac_x
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8> <double>
+    #     0       3 B        false          12     0.25
+    #     1       4 B        (nil)          12     0.33
+    #     2       5 B        true           12     0.42
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 5 Vectors, 0x000000000000fd34>
+    #             x y        z           sum_x   frac_x
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8> <double>
+    #     0       6 C        false           6      1.0
+    #
+    # @overload assign
+    #   Assign column(s) by block.
+    #
+    #   @yieldparam dataframe [DataFrame]
+    #     gives overloaded dataframes in self to the block.
+    #   @yieldreturn [Hash, Array]
+    #     pairs of keys and column values which are overloaded.
+    #   @return [SubFrames]
+    #     a new SubFrames object with updated DataFrames.
+    #   @example Compute 'x * z' when (true, not_true) = (1, 0) in z
+    #     subframes.assign do
+    #       { 'x*z': x * z.if_else(1, 0) }
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     # =>
+    #     #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000000fd98>
+    #     @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000000fdac>
+    #     3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000000fdc0>
+    #             x y        z             x*z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #     0       1 A        false           0
+    #     1       2 A        true            2
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000000fdd4>
+    #             x y        z             x*z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #     0       3 B        false           0
+    #     1       4 B        (nil)       (nil)
+    #     2       5 B        true            5
+    #     ---
+    #     #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 4 Vectors, 0x000000000000fde8>
+    #             x y        z             x*z
+    #       <uint8> <string> <boolean> <uint8>
+    #     0       6 C        false           0
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def assign(...)
+      map { |df| df.assign(...) }
+    end
+
+    # Returns a SubFrames containing DataFrames selected by the block.
+    #
+    # With a block given, calls the block with successive DataFrames;
+    # returns a SubFrames of those DataFrames for
+    # which the block returns a truthy value.
+    #
+    # @example Select all.
+    #   subframes.select { true }
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x0000000000003a84>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a98>
+    #   3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a0c>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a20>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B        false
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)
+    #   2       5 B        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a34>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       6 C        false
+    #
+    # @example Select nothing.
+    #   subframes.select { false }
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x00000000000238c0>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : (empty), 0x00000000000238d4>
+    #   0 SubFrame: [] in size.
+    #   ---
+    #
+    # @example Select if Vector `:z` has any true.
+    #   subframes.select { |df| df[:z].any? }
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000000fba4>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000fbb8>
+    #   2 SubFrames: [2, 1] in sizes.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a0c>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a20>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B        false
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)
+    #   2       5 B        true
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    define_subframable_method :select
+    alias_method :filter, :select
+    alias_method :find_all, :select
+
+    # Returns a SubFrames containing DataFrames rejected by the block.
+    #
+    # With a block given, calls the block with successive DataFrames;
+    # returns a SubFrames of those DataFrames for
+    # which the block returns nil or false.
+    # @example Reject all.
+    #   subframes.reject { true }
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x00000000000238c0>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : (empty), 0x00000000000238d4>
+    #   0 SubFrame: [] in size.
+    #   ---
+    #
+    # @example Reject nothing.
+    #   subframes.reject { false }
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x0000000000003a84>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a98>
+    #   3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a0c>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a20>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B        false
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)
+    #   2       5 B        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x0000000000003a34>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       6 C        false
+    #
+    # @example Reject if Vector `:z` has any true.
+    #   subframes.reject { |df| df[:z].any? }
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x0000000000038d74>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000001ad10>
+    #   1 SubFrame: [1] in size.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000001ad10>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       6 C        false
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    define_subframable_method :reject
+
+    # Returns a SubFrames containing truthy DataFrames returned by the block.
+    #
+    # With a block given, calls the block with successive DataFrames;
+    # returns a SubFrames of those DataFrames for
+    # which the block returns nil or false.
+    # @example Filter for size is larger than 1 and append number to column 'y'.
+    #   subframes.filter_map do |df|
+    #     if df.size > 1
+    #       df.assign(:y) do
+    #         y.merge(indices('1'), sep: '')
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000001da88>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 5 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000001da9c>
+    #   2 SubFrames: [2, 3] in sizes.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000001dab0>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A1       false
+    #   1       2 A2       true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 3 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000001dac4>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B1       false
+    #   1       4 B2       (nil)
+    #   2       5 B3       true
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    define_subframable_method :filter_map
+
+    # Number of subsets.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer]
+    #   number of subsets in self.
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def size
+      @size ||= @enum.size
+    end
+
+    # Size list of subsets.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<Integer>]
+    #   sizes of sub DataFrames.
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def sizes
+      @sizes ||= @enum.map(&:size)
+    end
+
+    # Indices at the top of each sub DataFrames.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<Integer>]
+    #   indices of offset of each sub DataFrames.
+    # @example When `sizes` is [2, 3, 1].
+    #   sf.offset_indices # => [0, 2, 5]
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def offset_indices
+      sum = 0
+      sizes.map do |size|
+        sum += size
+        sum - size
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Test if subset is empty?.
+    #
+    # @return [true, false]
+    #   true if self is an empty subset.
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def empty?
+      size.zero?
+    end
+
+    # Test if self has only one subset and it is comprehensive.
+    #
+    # @return [true, false]
+    #   true if only member of self is equal to universal DataFrame.
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def universal?
+      size == 1 && @enum.first == baseframe
+    end
+
+    # Return string representation of self.
+    #
+    # @param limit [Integer]
+    #   maximum number of DataFrames to show.
+    # @return [String]
+    #   return string representation of each sub DataFrame.
+    # @example
+    #   df
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000caa8>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   2       3 B        false
+    #   3       4 B        (nil)
+    #   4       5 B        true
+    #   5       6 C        false
+    #
+    #   puts SubFrames.new(df, [[0, 1], [2, 3, 4], [5]])
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #     x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   ---
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B        false
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)
+    #   2       5 B        true
+    #   ---
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       6 C        false
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def to_s(limit: 16)
+      _to_s(limit: limit)
+    end
+
+    # Return summary information of self.
+    #
+    # @param limit [Integer]
+    #   maximum number of DataFrames to show.
+    # @return [String]
+    #   return class name, object id, universal DataFrame,
+    #   size and subset sizes in a String.
+    # @example
+    #   df
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000caa8>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   2       3 B        false
+    #   3       4 B        (nil)
+    #   4       5 B        true
+    #   5       6 C        false
+    #
+    #   SubFrames.new(df, [[0, 1], [2, 3, 4], [5]])
+    #
+    #   # =>
+    #   #<RedAmber::SubFrames : 0x000000000000c1fc>
+    #   @baseframe=#<RedAmber::DataFrame : 6 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000000c170>
+    #   3 SubFrames: [2, 3, 1] in sizes.
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 2 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000002a120>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       1 A        false
+    #   1       2 A        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000002a134>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       3 B        false
+    #   1       4 B        (nil)
+    #   2       5 B        true
+    #   ---
+    #   #<RedAmber::DataFrame : 1 x 3 Vectors, 0x000000000002a148>
+    #           x y        z
+    #     <uint8> <string> <boolean>
+    #   0       6 C        false
+    #
+    # @since 0.4.0
+    #
+    def inspect(limit: 16)
+      sizes_truncated = (size > limit ? sizes.take(limit) << '...' : sizes).join(', ')
+      "#<#{self.class} : #{format('0x%016x', object_id)}>\n" \
+        "@baseframe=#<#{baseframe.shape_str(with_id: true)}>\n" \
+        "#{size} SubFrame#{pl(size)}: " \
+        "[#{sizes_truncated}] in size#{pl(size)}.\n" \
+        "---\n#{_to_s(limit: limit, with_id: true)}"
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def frames
+      @frames ||= @enum.to_a
+    end
+
+    def _to_s(limit: 16, with_id: false)
+      a = take(limit).map do |df|
+        if with_id
+          "#<#{df.shape_str(with_id: with_id)}>\n" \
+            "#{df.to_s(head: 2, tail: 2)}"
+        else
+          df.to_s(head: 2, tail: 2)
+        end
+      end
+      a << "+ #{size - limit} more DataFrame#{pl(size - limit)}.\n" if size > limit
+      a.join("---\n")
+    end
+  end
+end