recurly 2.17.0 → 3.14.0

data/lib/recurly/resource.rb

@@ -1,1107 +1,48 @@
-require 'date'
-require 'erb'
-
 module Recurly
-  # The base class for all Recurly resources (e.g. {Account}, {Subscription},
-  # {Transaction}).
-  #
-  # Resources behave much like
-  # {ActiveModel}[http://rubydoc.info/gems/activemodel] classes, especially
-  # like {ActiveRecord}[http://rubydoc.info/gems/activerecord].
-  #
-  # == Life Cycle
-  #
-  # To take you through the typical life cycle of a resource, we'll use
-  # {Recurly::Account} as an example.
-  #
-  # === Creating a Record
-  #
-  # You can instantiate a record before attempting to save it.
-  #
-  #   account = Recurly::Account.new :first_name => 'Walter'
-  #
-  # Once instantiated, you can assign and reassign any attribute.
-  #
-  #   account.first_name = 'Walt'
-  #   account.last_name = 'White'
-  #
-  # When you're ready to save, do so.
-  #
-  #   account.save # => false
-  #
-  # If save returns +false+, validation likely failed. You can check the record
-  # for errors.
-  #
-  #   account.errors # => {"account_code"=>["can't be blank"]}
-  #
-  # Once the errors are fixed, you can try again.
-  #
-  #   account.account_code = 'heisenberg'
-  #   account.save # => true
-  #
-  # The object will be updated with any information provided by the server
-  # (including any UUIDs set).
-  #
-  #   account.created_at # => 2011-04-30 07:13:35 -0700
-  #
-  # You can also create accounts in one fell swoop.
-  #
-  #   Recurly::Account.create(
-  #     :first_name   => 'Jesse'
-  #     :last_name    => 'Pinkman'
-  #     :account_code => 'capn_cook'
-  #   )
-  #   # => #<Recurly::Account account_code: "capn_cook" ...>
-  #
-  # You can use alternative "bang" methods for exception control. If the record
-  # fails to save, a Recurly::Resource::Invalid exception will be raised.
-  #
-  #   begin
-  #     account = Recurly::Account.new :first_name => 'Junior'
-  #     account.save!
-  #   rescue Recurly::Resource::Invalid
-  #     p account.errors
-  #   end
-  #
-  # You can access the invalid record from the exception itself (if, for
-  # example, you use the <tt>create!</tt> method).
-  #
-  #   begin
-  #     Recurly::Account.create! :first_name => 'Skylar', :last_name => 'White'
-  #   rescue Recurly::Resource::Invalid => e
-  #     p e.record.errors
-  #   end
-  #
-  # === Fetching a Record
-  #
-  # Records are fetched by their unique identifiers.
-  #
-  #   account = Recurly::Account.find 'better_call_saul'
-  #   # => #<Recurly::Account account_code: "better_call_saul" ...>
-  #
-  # If the record doesn't exist, a Recurly::Resource::NotFound exception will
-  # be raised.
-  #
-  # === Updating a Record
-  #
-  # Once fetched, a record can be updated with a hash of attributes.
-  #
-  #   account.update_attributes :first_name => 'Saul', :last_name => 'Goodman'
-  #   # => true
-  #
-  # (A bang method, update_attributes!, will raise Recurly::Resource::Invalid.)
-  #
-  # You can also update a record by setting attributes and calling save.
-  #
-  #   account.last_name = 'McGill'
-  #   account.save # Alternatively, call save!
-  #
-  # === Deleting a Record
-  #
-  # To delete (deactivate, close, etc.) a fetched record, merely call destroy
-  # on it.
-  #
-  #   account.destroy # => true
-  #
-  # === Fetching a List of Records
-  #
-  # If you want to iterate over a list of accounts, you can use a Pager.
-  #
-  #   pager = Account.paginate :per_page => 50
-  #
-  # If you want to iterate over _every_ record, a convenience method will
-  # automatically paginate:
-  #
-  #   Account.find_each { |account| p account }
+  # This class represents an object as it exists on the
+  # Recurly servers. It is generated from a response. If you wish to
+  # update or change a resource, you need to send a request to the server
+  # and get a new Resource.
   class Resource
-    require 'recurly/resource/errors'
-    require 'recurly/resource/pager'
-    require 'recurly/resource/association'
-
-    # Raised when a record cannot be found.
-    #
-    # @example
-    #   begin
-    #     Recurly::Account.find 'tortuga'
-    #   rescue Recurly::Resource::NotFound => e
-    #     e.message # => "Can't find Account with account_code = tortuga"
-    #   end
-    class NotFound < API::NotFound
-      def initialize(message)
-        set_message message
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Raised when a record is invalid.
-    #
-    # @example
-    #   begin
-    #     Recurly::Account.create! :first_name => "Flynn"
-    #   rescue Recurly::Resource::Invalid => e
-    #     e.record.errors # => errors: {"account_code"=>["can't be blank"]}>
-    #   end
-    class Invalid < Error
-      # @return [Resource, nil] The invalid record.
-      attr_reader :record
-
-      def initialize(message)
-        if message.is_a? Resource
-          @record = message
-          set_message(record_to_message)
-        else
-          set_message(message)
-        end
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      def record_to_message
-        @record.errors.map do |k, v|
-          message = v.join(', ')
-          k == 'base' ? message : "#{k} #{message}"
-        end.join('; ')
-      end
-    end
-
-    class << self
-      # @return [String] The demodulized name of the resource class.
-      # @example
-      #   Recurly::Account.name # => "Account"
-      def resource_name
-        Helper.demodulize name
-      end
-
-      # @return [String] The underscored, pluralized name of the resource
-      #   class.
-      # @example
-      #   Recurly::Account.collection_name # => "accounts"
-      def collection_name
-        Helper.pluralize Helper.underscore(resource_name)
-      end
-      alias collection_path collection_name
-
-      # @return [String] The underscored name of the resource class.
-      # @example
-      #   Recurly::Account.member_name # => "account"
-      def member_name
-        Helper.underscore resource_name
-      end
-
-      # @return [String] The relative path to a resource's identifier from the
-      #   API's base URI.
-      # @param uuid [String, nil]
-      # @example
-      #   Recurly::Account.member_path "code" # => "accounts/code"
-      #   Recurly::Account.member_path nil    # => "accounts"
-      def member_path(uuid)
-        uuid = ERB::Util.url_encode(uuid) if uuid
-        [collection_path, uuid].compact.join '/'
-      end
-
-      # @return [Array] Per attribute, defines readers, writers, boolean and
-      #   change-tracking methods.
-      # @param attribute_names [Array] An array of attribute names.
-      # @example
-      #   class Account < Resource
-      #     define_attribute_methods [:name]
-      #   end
-      #
-      #   a = Account.new
-      #   a.name?            # => false
-      #   a.name             # => nil
-      #   a.name = "Stephen"
-      #   a.name?            # => true
-      #   a.name             # => "Stephen"
-      #   a.name_changed?    # => true
-      #   a.name_was         # => nil
-      #   a.name_change      # => [nil, "Stephen"]
-      def define_attribute_methods(attribute_names)
-        @attribute_names = attribute_names.map! { |m| m.to_s }.sort!.freeze
-        remove_const :AttributeMethods if constants.include? :AttributeMethods
-        include const_set :AttributeMethods, Module.new {
-          attribute_names.each do |name|
-            define_method(name) { self[name] }                       # Get.
-            define_method("#{name}=") { |value| self[name] = value } # Set.
-            define_method("#{name}?") { !!self[name] }               # Present.
-            define_method("#{name}_change") { changes[name] }        # Dirt...
-            define_method("#{name}_changed?") { changed_attributes.key? name }
-            define_method("#{name}_was") { changed_attributes[name] }
-            define_method("#{name}_previously_changed?") {
-              previous_changes.key? name
-            }
-            define_method("#{name}_previously_was") {
-              previous_changes[name].first if previous_changes.key? name
-            }
-          end
-        }
-      end
-
-      # @return [Array, nil] The list of attribute names defined for the
-      #   resource class.
-      attr_reader :attribute_names
-
-      # @return [Pager] A pager with an iterable collection of records
-      # @param options [Hash] A hash of pagination options
-      # @option options [Integer] :per_page The number of records returned per
-      #   page
-      # @option options [DateTime, Time, Integer] :cursor A timestamp that the
-      #   pager will skim back to and return records created before it
-      # @option options [String] :etag When set, will raise
-      #   {Recurly::API::NotModified} if the pager's loaded page content has
-      #   not changed
-      # @example Fetch 50 records and iterate over them
-      #   Recurly::Account.paginate(:per_page => 50).each { |a| p a }
-      # @example Fetch records before January 1, 2011
-      #   Recurly::Account.paginate(:cursor => Time.new(2011, 1, 1))
-      def paginate(options = {})
-        Pager.new self, options
-      end
-      alias scoped paginate
-      alias where  paginate
-
-      def all(options = {})
-        paginate(options).to_a
-      end
-
-      # @return [Hash] Defined scopes per resource.
-      def scopes
-        @scopes ||= Recurly::Helper.hash_with_indifferent_read_access
-      end
-
-      # @return [Module] Module of scopes methods.
-      def scopes_helper
-        @scopes_helper ||= Module.new.tap { |helper| extend helper }
-      end
-
-      # Defines a new resource scope.
-      #
-      # @return [Proc]
-      # @param [Symbol] name the scope name
-      # @param [Hash] params the scope params
-      def scope(name, params = {})
-        scopes[name = name.to_s] = params
-        scopes_helper.send(:define_method, name) { paginate scopes[name] }
-      end
-
-      # Iterates through every record by automatically paging.
-      #
-      # @option options [Hash] Optional hash to pass to Pager#paginate
-      #
-      # @return [nil]
-      # @param [Integer] per_page The number of records returned per request.
-      # @yield [record]
-      # @see Pager#paginate
-      # @example
-      #   Recurly::Account.find_each { |a| p a }
-      # @example With sorting and filter
-      #   opts = {
-      #     begin_time: DateTime.new(2016,1,1),
-      #     sort: :updated_at
-      #   }
-      #   Recurly::Account.find_each(opts) do |a|
-      #     puts a.inspect
-      #   end
-      def find_each(options = {}, &block)
-        paginate(options).find_each(&block)
-      end
-
-      # @return [Integer] The total record count of the resource in question.
-      # @see Pager#count
-      # @example
-      #   Recurly::Account.count # => 42
-      def count
-        paginate.count
-      end
-
-      # @api internal
-      # @return [Resource, nil]
-      def first
-        paginate(:per_page => 1).first
-      end
-
-      # @return [Resource] A record matching the designated unique identifier.
-      # @param [String] uuid The unique identifier of the resource to be
-      #   retrieved.
-      # @param [Hash] options A hash of options.
-      # @option options [String] :etag When set, will raise {API::NotModified}
-      #   if the record content has not changed.
-      # @raise [Error] If the resource has no identifier (and thus cannot be
-      #   retrieved).
-      # @raise [NotFound] If no resource can be found for the supplied
-      #   identifier (or the supplied identifier is +nil+).
-      # @raise [API::NotModified] If the <tt>:etag</tt> option is set and
-      #   matches the server's.
-      # @example
-      #   Recurly::Account.find "heisenberg"
-      #   # => #<Recurly::Account account_code: "heisenberg", ...>
-      #   Use the following identifiers for these types of objects:
-      #     for accounts use account_code
-      #     for plans use plan_code
-      #     for invoices use invoice_number
-      #     for subscriptions use uuid
-      #     for transactions use uuid
-      def find(uuid, options = {})
-        if uuid.nil? || uuid.to_s.empty?
-          raise NotFound, "can't find a record with nil identifier"
-        end
-
-        begin
-          from_response API.get(member_path(uuid), {}, options)
-        rescue API::NotFound => e
-          raise NotFound, e.description
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Instantiates and attempts to save a record.
-      #
-      # @return [Resource] The record.
-      # @raise [Transaction::Error] A monetary transaction failed.
-      # @see create!
-      def create(attributes = {})
-        new(attributes) { |record| record.save }
-      end
-
-      # Instantiates and attempts to save a record.
-      #
-      # @return [Resource] The saved record.
-      # @raise [Invalid] The record is invalid.
-      # @raise [Transaction::Error] A monetary transaction failed.
-      # @see create
-      def create!(attributes = {})
-        new(attributes) { |record| record.save! }
-      end
-
-      # Instantiates a record from an HTTP response, setting the record's
-      # response attribute in the process.
-      #
-      # @return [Resource]
-      # @param response [Net::HTTPResponse]
-      def from_response(response)
-        content_type = response['Content-Type']
-
-        case content_type
-        when %r{application/pdf}
-          response.body
-        when %r{application/xml}
-          record = from_xml response.body
-          record.instance_eval { @etag, @response = response['ETag'], response }
-          record
-        else
-          raise Recurly::Error, "Content-Type \"#{content_type}\" is not accepted"
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Instantiates a record from an XML blob: either a String or XML element.
-      #
-      # Assuming the record is from an API response, the record is flagged as
-      # persisted.
-      #
-      # @return [Resource]
-      # @param xml [String, REXML::Element, Nokogiri::XML::Node]
-      # @see from_response
-      def from_xml(xml)
-        xml = XML.new xml
-        record = new
-
-        xml.root.attributes.each do |name, value|
-          record.instance_variable_set "@#{name}", value.to_s
-        end
-
-        xml.each_element do |el|
-          # skip this element if it's an xml comment
-          next if defined?(Nokogiri::XML::Node::TEXT_NODE) && el.is_a?(Nokogiri::XML::Comment)
+    extend Schema::SchemaFactory
+    extend Schema::ResourceCaster
+    include Schema::SchemaValidator
 
-          if el.name == 'a'
-            record.links[el.attribute('name').value] = {
-              :method => el.attribute('method').to_s,
-              :href => el.attribute('href').value
-            }
-            next
-          end
-
-          # Nokogiri on Jruby-1.7.19 likes to throw NullPointer exceptions
-          # if you try to run certian operations like el.attribute(''). Since
-          # we dont care about text nodes, let's just skip them
-          next if defined?(Nokogiri::XML::Node::TEXT_NODE) && el.node_type == Nokogiri::XML::Node::TEXT_NODE
-
-          if association = find_association(el.name)
-            class_name = association_class_name(association, el.name)
-            resource_class = Recurly.const_get(class_name)
-            is_many = association.relation == :has_many
-
-            # Is this a link, or is it embedded data?
-            if el.children.empty? && href = el.attribute('href')
-              if is_many
-                record[el.name] = Pager.new(
-                  resource_class, :uri => href.value, :parent => record
-                )
-              else
-                record.links[el.name] = {
-                  :resource_class => resource_class,
-                  :method => :get,
-                  :href => href.value
-                }
-              end
-            else
-              if is_many
-                resources = el.elements.map { |e| resource_class.from_xml(e) }
-                record[el.name] = resources
-              else
-                record[el.name] = resource_class.from_xml(el)
-              end
-            end
-          else
-            # TODO name tax_type conflicts with the TaxType
-            # class so if we get to this point was can assume
-            # it's the string. Will need to refactor this
-            if el.name == 'tax_type'
-              record[el.name] = el.text
-            else
-              val = XML.cast(el)
-
-              # TODO we have to clear changed attributes after
-              # parsing here or else it always serializes. Need
-              # a better way of handling changed attributes
-              if el.name == 'address' && val.kind_of?(Hash)
-                address = Address.new(val)
-                address.instance_variable_set(:@changed_attributes, {})
-                record[el.name] = address
-              else
-                record[el.name] = val
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        record.persist! if record.respond_to? :persist!
-        record
-      end
-
-      # @return [Array] A list of associations for the current class.
-      def associations
-        @associations ||= []
-      end
-
-      # @return [Array] A list of associated resource classes with
-      # the relation [:has_many, :has_one, :belongs_to] for the current class.
-      def associations_for_relation(relation)
-        associations.select{ |a| a.relation == relation }.map(&:resource_class)
-      end
-
-      def association_class_name(association, el_name)
-        return association.class_name if association.class_name
-        Helper.classify(el_name)
-      end
-
-      # @return [Association, nil] Find association for the current class
-      #                            with resource class name.
-      def find_association(resource_class)
-        associations.find{ |a| a.resource_class.to_s == resource_class.to_s }
-      end
-
-      def associations_helper
-        @associations_helper ||= Module.new.tap { |helper| include helper }
-      end
-
-      # Establishes a has_many association.
-      #
-      # @return [Proc, nil]
-      # @param collection_name [Symbol] Association name.
-      # @param options [Hash] A hash of association options.
-      # @option options [true, false] :readonly Define a setter when false, defaults to true
-      #                 [String] :class_name Actual associated resource class name
-      #                                      if not same as collection_name.
-      def has_many(collection_name, options = {})
-        associations << Association.new(:has_many, collection_name.to_s, options)
-        associations_helper.module_eval do
-          define_method collection_name do
-            if self[collection_name]
-              self[collection_name]
-            else
-              attributes[collection_name.to_s] = []
-            end
-          end
-          if options.key?(:readonly) && options[:readonly] == false
-            define_method "#{collection_name}=" do |collection|
-              self[collection_name] = collection
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Establishes a has_one association.
-      #
-      # @return [Proc, nil]
-      # @param member_name [Symbol] Association name.
-      # @param options [Hash] A hash of association options.
-      # @option options [true, false] :readonly Don't define a setter.
-      #                 [String] :class_name Actual associated resource class name
-      #                                      if not same as member_name.
-      def has_one(member_name, options = {})
-        associations << Association.new(:has_one, member_name.to_s, options)
-        associations_helper.module_eval do
-          define_method(member_name) { self[member_name] }
-          if options.key?(:readonly) && options[:readonly] == false
-            associated = Recurly.const_get Helper.classify(member_name), false
-            define_method "#{member_name}=" do |member|
-              associated_uri = "#{path}/#{member_name}"
-              self[member_name] = case member
-              when Hash
-                associated.send :new, member.merge(:uri => associated_uri)
-              when associated
-                member.uri = associated_uri and member
-              else
-                raise ArgumentError, "expected #{associated}"
-              end
-            end
-            define_method "build_#{member_name}" do |*args|
-              attributes = args.shift || {}
-              self[member_name] = associated.send(
-                :new, attributes.merge(:uri => "#{path}/#{member_name}")
-              ).tap { |child| child.attributes[self.class.member_name] = self }
-            end
-            define_method "create_#{member_name}" do |*args|
-              send("build_#{member_name}", *args).tap { |child| child.save }
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Establishes a belongs_to association.
-      #
-      # @return [Proc]
-      # @param parent_name [Symbol] Association name.
-      # @param options [Hash] A hash of association options.
-      # @option options [true, false] :readonly Don't define a setter.
-      #                 [String] :class_name Actual associated resource class name
-      #                                      if not same as parent_name.
-      def belongs_to(parent_name, options = {})
-        associations << Association.new(:belongs_to, parent_name.to_s, options)
-        associations_helper.module_eval do
-          define_method(parent_name) { self[parent_name] }
-          if options.key?(:readonly) && options[:readonly] == false
-            define_method "#{parent_name}=" do |parent|
-              self[parent_name] = parent
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # @return [:has_many, :has_one, :belongs_to, nil] An association type.
-      def reflect_on_association(name)
-        a = find_association(name)
-        a.relation if a
-      end
-
-      def embedded!(root_index = false)
-        protected :initialize
-        private_class_method(*%w(create create!))
-        unless root_index
-          private_class_method(*%w(all find_each first paginate scoped where))
-        end
-      end
-
-      def find_resource_class(name)
-        resource_name = Helper.classify(name)
-        if Recurly.const_defined?(resource_name, false)
-          Recurly.const_get(resource_name, false)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # @return [Hash] The raw hash of record attributes.
     attr_reader :attributes
 
-    # @return [Net::HTTPResponse, nil] The most recent response object for the
-    #   record (updated during {#save} and {#destroy}).
-    attr_reader :response
-
-    # @return [String, nil] An ETag for the current record.
-    attr_reader :etag
-
-    # @return [String, nil] A writer to override the URI the record saves to.
-    attr_writer :uri
-
-    # @return [Resource] A new resource instance.
-    # @param attributes [Hash] A hash of attributes.
-    def initialize(attributes = {})
-      if instance_of? Resource
-        raise Error,
-          "#{self.class} is an abstract class and cannot be instantiated"
-      end
-
-      @attributes, @new_record, @destroyed, @uri, @href = {}, true, false
-      self.attributes = attributes
-      yield self if block_given?
-    end
-
-    # @return [self] Reloads the record from the server.
-    def reload(response = nil)
-      if response
-        return if response.body.to_s.length.zero?
-        fresh = self.class.from_response response
-      else
-        options = {:etag => (etag unless changed?)}
-        fresh = if @href
-                  self.class.from_response API.get(@href, {}, options)
-                else
-                  self.class.find(to_param, options)
-                end
-      end
-      fresh and copy_from fresh
-      persist! true
-      self
-    rescue API::NotModified
-      self
-    end
-
-    # @return [Hash] Hash of changed attributes.
-    # @see #changes
-    def changed_attributes
-      @changed_attributes ||= {}
-    end
-
-    # @return [Array] A list of changed attribute keys.
-    def changed
-      changed_attributes.keys
-    end
-
-    # Do any attributes have unsaved changes?
-    # @return [true, false]
-    def changed?
-      !changed_attributes.empty?
-    end
-
-    # @return [Hash] Map of changed attributes to original value and new value.
-    def changes
-      changed_attributes.inject({}) { |changes, (key, original_value)|
-        changes[key] = [original_value, self[key]] and changes
-      }
-    end
-
-    # @return [Hash] Previously-changed attributes.
-    # @see #changes
-    def previous_changes
-      @previous_changes ||= {}
-    end
-
-    # Is the record new (i.e., not saved on Recurly's servers)?
-    #
-    # @return [true, false]
-    # @see #persisted?
-    # @see #destroyed?
-    def new_record?
-      @new_record
-    end
-
-    # Has the record been destroyed? (Set +true+ after a successful destroy.)
-    # @return [true, false]
-    # @see #new_record?
-    # @see #persisted?
-    def destroyed?
-      @destroyed
-    end
-
-    # Has the record persisted (i.e., saved on Recurly's servers)?
-    #
-    # @return [true, false]
-    # @see #new_record?
-    # @see #destroyed?
-    def persisted?
-      !(new_record? || destroyed?)
-    end
-
-    # The value of a specified attribute, lazily fetching any defined
-    # association.
-    #
-    # @param key [Symbol, String] The name of the attribute to be fetched.
-    # @example
-    #   account.read_attribute :first_name # => "Ted"
-    #   account[:last_name]                # => "Beneke"
-    # @see #write_attribute
-    def read_attribute(key)
-      key = key.to_s
-      if attributes.key? key
-        value = attributes[key]
-      elsif links.key?(key) && self.class.reflect_on_association(key)
-        value = attributes[key] = follow_link key
-      end
-      value
-    end
-    alias [] read_attribute
-
-    # Sets the value of a specified attribute.
-    #
-    # @param key [Symbol, String] The name of the attribute to be set.
-    # @param value [Object] The value the attribute will be set to.
-    # @example
-    #   account.write_attribute :first_name, 'Gus'
-    #   account[:company_name] = 'Los Pollos Hermanos'
-    # @see #read_attribute
-    def write_attribute(key, value)
-      if changed_attributes.key?(key = key.to_s)
-        changed_attributes.delete key if changed_attributes[key] == value
-      elsif self[key] != value
-        changed_attributes[key] = self[key]
-      end
-
-      association = self.class.find_association(key)
-      if association
-        value = fetch_associated(key, value)
-      # FIXME: More explicit; less magic.
-      elsif value && key.end_with?('_in_cents') && !respond_to?(:currency)
-        value = Money.new(value, self, key) unless value.is_a?(Money)
-      end
-
-      attributes[key] = value
-    end
-    alias []= write_attribute
-
-    # Apply a given hash of attributes to a record.
-    #
-    # @return [Hash]
-    # @param attributes [Hash] A hash of attributes.
-    def attributes=(attributes = {})
-      attributes.each_pair { |k, v|
-        respond_to?(name = "#{k}=") and send(name, v) or self[k] = v
-      }
-    end
-
-    def as_json(options = nil)
-      attributes.reject { |k, v| v.is_a?(Recurly::Resource::Pager) }
-    end
-
-    # @return [Hash] The raw hash of record href links.
-    def links
-      @links ||= {}
-    end
-
-    # Whether a record has a link with the given name.
-    #
-    # @param key [Symbol, String] The name of the link to check for.
-    # @example
-    #   account.link? :billing_info # => true
-    def link?(key)
-      links.key?(key.to_s)
-    end
-
-    # Fetch the value of a link by following the associated href.
-    #
-    # @param key [Symbol, String] The name of the link to be followed.
-    # @param options [Hash] A hash of API options.
-    # @example
-    #   account.read_link :billing_info # => <Recurly::BillingInfo>
-    def follow_link(key, options = {})
-      if link = links[key = key.to_s]
-        response = API.send link[:method], link[:href], options[:body], options
-        if resource_class = link[:resource_class]
-          response = resource_class.from_response response
-          response.attributes[self.class.member_name] = self
-        end
-        response
-      end
-    rescue Recurly::API::NotFound
-      raise unless resource_class
-    end
-
-    # Serializes the record to XML.
-    #
-    # @return [String] An XML string.
-    # @param options [Hash] A hash of XML options.
-    # @example
-    #   Recurly::Account.new(:account_code => 'code').to_xml
-    #   # => "<account><account_code>code</account_code></account>"
-    def to_xml(options = {})
-      builder = options[:builder] || XML.new("<#{self.class.member_name}/>")
-      xml_keys.each { |key|
-        value = respond_to?(key) ? send(key) : self[key]
-        node = builder.add_element key
-
-        # Duck-typing here is problematic because of ActiveSupport's #to_xml.
-        case value
-        when Resource, Subscription::AddOns
-          value.to_xml options.merge(:builder => node)
-        when Array
-          value.each do |e|
-            if e.is_a? Recurly::Resource
-              # create a node to hold this resource
-              e_node = node.add_element Helper.singularize(key)
-              # serialize the resource into this node
-              e.to_xml(options.merge(builder: e_node))
-            else
-              # it's just a primitive value
-              node.add_element(Helper.singularize(key), e)
-            end
-          end
-        when Hash, Recurly::Money
-          value.each_pair { |k, v| node.add_element k.to_s, v }
-        else
-          node.text = value
-        end
-      }
-      builder.to_s
-    end
-
-    # Attempts to save the record, returning the success of the request.
-    #
-    # @return [true, false]
-    # @raise [Transaction::Error] A monetary transaction failed.
-    # @example
-    #   account = Recurly::Account.new
-    #   account.save # => false
-    #   account.account_code = 'account_code'
-    #   account.save # => true
-    # @see #save!
-    def save
-      if new_record? || changed?
-        clear_errors
-        @response = API.send(
-          persisted? ? :put : :post, path, to_xml
-        )
-        reload response
-        persist! true
-      end
-      true
-    rescue API::UnprocessableEntity => e
-      apply_errors e
-      Transaction::Error.validate! e, (self if is_a?(Transaction))
+    def requires_client?
       false
     end
 
-    # Attempts to save the record, returning +true+ if the record was saved and
-    # raising {Invalid} otherwise.
-    #
-    # @return [true]
-    # @raise [Invalid] The record was invalid.
-    # @raise [Transaction::Error] A monetary transaction failed.
-    # @example
-    #   account = Recurly::Account.new
-    #   account.save! # raises Recurly::Resource::Invalid
-    #   account.account_code = 'account_code'
-    #   account.save! # => true
-    # @see #save
-    def save!
-      save || raise(Invalid.new(self))
-    end
-
-    # @return [true, false, nil] The validity of the record: +true+ if the
-    #   record was successfully saved (or persisted and unchanged), +false+ if
-    #   the record was not successfully saved, or +nil+ for a record with an
-    #   unknown state (i.e.  (i.e. new records that haven't been saved and
-    #   persisted records with changed attributes).
-    # @example
-    #   account = Recurly::Account.new
-    #   account.valid? # => nil
-    #   account.save   # => false
-    #   account.valid? # => false
-    #   account.account_code = 'account_code'
-    #   account.save   # => true
-    #   account.valid? # => true
-    def valid?
-      return true if persisted? && !changed?
-      errors_empty = errors.values.flatten.empty?
-      return if errors_empty && changed?
-      errors_empty
-    end
-
-    # Update a record with a given hash of attributes.
-    #
-    # @return [true, false] The success of the update.
-    # @param attributes [Hash] A hash of attributes.
-    # @raise [Transaction::Error] A monetary transaction failed.
-    # @example
-    #   account = Account.find 'junior'
-    #   account.update_attributes :account_code => 'flynn' # => true
-    # @see #update_attributes!
-    def update_attributes(attributes = {})
-      self.attributes = attributes and save
-    end
-
-    # Update a record with a given hash of attributes.
-    #
-    # @return [true] The update was successful.
-    # @param attributes [Hash] A hash of attributes.
-    # @raise [Invalid] The record was invalid.
-    # @raise [Transaction::Error] A monetary transaction failed.
-    # @example
-    #   account = Account.find 'gale_boetticher'
-    #   account.update_attributes! :account_code => nil # Raises an exception.
-    # @see #update_attributes
-    def update_attributes!(attributes = {})
-      self.attributes = attributes and save!
-    end
-
-    # @return [Hash] A hash with indifferent read access containing any
-    #   validation errors where the key is the attribute name and the value is
-    #   an array of error messages.
-    # @example
-    #   account.errors                # => {"account_code"=>["can't be blank"]}
-    #   account.errors[:account_code] # => ["can't be blank"]
-    def errors
-      @errors ||= Errors.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
-    end
-
-    # Marks a record as persisted, i.e. not a new or deleted record, resetting
-    # any tracked attribute changes in the process. (This is an internal method
-    # and should probably not be called unless you know what you're doing.)
-    #
-    # @api internal
-    # @return [true]
-    def persist!(saved = false)
-      @new_record, @uri = false
-      if changed?
-        @previous_changes = changes if saved
-        changed_attributes.clear
-      end
-      true
-    end
-
-    # @return [String, nil] The unique resource identifier (URI) of the record
-    #   (if persisted).
-    # @example
-    #   Recurly::Account.new(:account_code => "account_code").uri # => nil
-    #   Recurly::Account.find("account_code").uri
-    #   # => "https://api.recurly.com/v2/accounts/account_code"
-    def uri
-      @href ||= ((API.base_uri + path).to_s if persisted?)
-    end
-
-    # Attempts to destroy the record.
-    #
-    # @return [true, false] +true+ if successful, +false+ if unable to destroy
-    # (if the record does not persist on Recurly).
-    # @raise [NotFound] The record cannot be found.
-    # @example
-    #   account = Recurly::Account.find account_code
-    #   race_condition = Recurly::Account.find account_code
-    #   account.destroy        # => true
-    #   account.destroy        # => false (already destroyed)
-    #   race_condition.destroy # raises Recurly::Resource::NotFound
-    def destroy
-      return false unless persisted?
-      @response = API.delete uri
-      @destroyed = true
-    rescue API::NotFound => e
-      raise NotFound, e.description
-    end
-
-    def signable_attributes
-      Hash[xml_keys.map { |key| [key, self[key]] }]
-    end
-
-    def ==(other)
-      other.is_a?(self.class) && other.to_s == to_s
+    def ==(other_resource)
+      self.attributes == other_resource.attributes
     end
 
-    def marshal_dump
-      [
-        @attributes.reject { |k, v| v.is_a?(Proc) },
-        @new_record,
-        @destroyed,
-        @uri,
-        @href,
-        changed_attributes,
-        previous_changes,
-        response,
-        etag,
-        links
-      ]
+    # Hide instance variables to keep from accidental logging
+    def inspect
+      "#<#{self.class.name}:#{object_id}} @attributes=#{attributes}>"
     end
 
-    def marshal_load(serialization)
-      @attributes,
-        @new_record,
-        @destroyed,
-        @uri,
-        @href,
-        @changed_attributes,
-        @previous_changes,
-        @response,
-        @etag,
-        @links = serialization
+    def to_s
+      self.inspect
     end
 
-    # @return [String]
-    def inspect(attributes = self.class.attribute_names.to_a)
-      string = "#<#{self.class}"
-      string << "##@type" if instance_variable_defined? :@type
-      attributes += %w(errors) if errors.any?
-      string << " %s" % attributes.map { |k|
-        "#{k}: #{self.send(k).inspect}"
-      }.join(', ')
-      string << '>'
+    def to_json
+      raise NoMethodError, "to_json is not implemented for Resources. Please use Resource#attributes"
     end
-    alias to_s inspect
 
-    def apply_errors(exception)
-      @response = exception.response
-      document = XML.new exception.response.body
-      document.each_element 'error' do |el|
-        attribute_path = el.attribute('field').value.split '.'
-        invalid! attribute_path[1, attribute_path.length], el.text
-      end
+    def get_response
+      @response
     end
 
     protected
 
-    def path
-      @href or @uri or if persisted?
-        self.class.member_path to_param
-      else
-        self.class.collection_path
-      end
-    end
-
-    def invalid!(attribute_path, error)
-      if attribute_path.length == 1
-        errors[attribute_path[0]] << error
-      else
-        child, k, v = attribute_path.shift.scan(/[^\[\]=]+/)
-        if c = k ? self[child].find { |d| d[k] == v } : self[child]
-          c.invalid! attribute_path, error
-          e = errors[child] << 'is invalid' and e.uniq!
-        end
-      end
+    def schema
+      self.class.schema
     end
 
-    def clear_errors
-      errors.clear
-      self.class.associations do |association|
-        next unless respond_to? "#{association}=" # Clear writable only.
-        [*self[association]].each do |associated|
-          associated.clear_errors if associated.respond_to? :clear_errors
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    def copy_from(other)
-      other.instance_variables.each do |ivar|
-        instance_variable_set ivar, other.instance_variable_get(ivar)
-      end
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def fetch_associated(name, value, options = {})
-      case value
-      when Array
-        value.map do |v|
-          fetch_associated(Helper.singularize(name), v, association_name: name)
-        end
-      when Hash
-        association_name = options[:association_name] || name
-        associated_class_name = self.class.find_association(association_name).class_name
-        associated_class_name ||= Helper.classify(name)
-        Recurly.const_get(associated_class_name, false).send(:new, value)
-      when Proc, Resource, Resource::Pager, nil
-        value
-      else
-        raise "unexpected association #{name.inspect}=#{value.inspect}"
-      end
-    end
-
-    def xml_keys
-      changed_attributes.keys.sort
+    def initialize(attributes = {})
+      @attributes = attributes.clone
     end
   end
 end