RubyGems - rdap - Versions diffs - 0.1.4 → 1.0.0 - Mend

rdap 0.1.4 → 1.0.0

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.

Files changed (15) hide show

data/data/ipv4.json ADDED Viewed

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+{
+  "description": "RDAP bootstrap file for IPv4 address allocations",
+  "publication": "2019-06-07T19:00:02Z",
+  "services": [
+    [
+      [
+        "41.0.0.0/8",
+        "102.0.0.0/8",
+        "105.0.0.0/8",
+        "154.0.0.0/8",
+        "196.0.0.0/8",
+        "197.0.0.0/8"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.afrinic.net/rdap/",
+        "http://rdap.afrinic.net/rdap/"
+      ]
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        "1.0.0.0/8",
+        "14.0.0.0/8",
+        "27.0.0.0/8",
+        "36.0.0.0/8",
+        "39.0.0.0/8",
+        "42.0.0.0/8",
+        "43.0.0.0/8",
+        "49.0.0.0/8",
+        "58.0.0.0/8",
+        "59.0.0.0/8",
+        "60.0.0.0/8",
+        "61.0.0.0/8",
+        "101.0.0.0/8",
+        "103.0.0.0/8",
+        "106.0.0.0/8",
+        "110.0.0.0/8",
+        "111.0.0.0/8",
+        "112.0.0.0/8",
+        "113.0.0.0/8",
+        "114.0.0.0/8",
+        "115.0.0.0/8",
+        "116.0.0.0/8",
+        "117.0.0.0/8",
+        "118.0.0.0/8",
+        "119.0.0.0/8",
+        "120.0.0.0/8",
+        "121.0.0.0/8",
+        "122.0.0.0/8",
+        "123.0.0.0/8",
+        "124.0.0.0/8",
+        "125.0.0.0/8",
+        "126.0.0.0/8",
+        "133.0.0.0/8",
+        "150.0.0.0/8",
+        "153.0.0.0/8",
+        "163.0.0.0/8",
+        "171.0.0.0/8",
+        "175.0.0.0/8",
+        "180.0.0.0/8",
+        "182.0.0.0/8",
+        "183.0.0.0/8",
+        "202.0.0.0/8",
+        "203.0.0.0/8",
+        "210.0.0.0/8",
+        "211.0.0.0/8",
+        "218.0.0.0/8",
+        "219.0.0.0/8",
+        "220.0.0.0/8",
+        "221.0.0.0/8",
+        "222.0.0.0/8",
+        "223.0.0.0/8"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.apnic.net/"
+      ]
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        "3.0.0.0/8",
+        "4.0.0.0/8",
+        "6.0.0.0/8",
+        "7.0.0.0/8",
+        "8.0.0.0/8",
+        "9.0.0.0/8",
+        "11.0.0.0/8",
+        "12.0.0.0/8",
+        "13.0.0.0/8",
+        "15.0.0.0/8",
+        "16.0.0.0/8",
+        "17.0.0.0/8",
+        "18.0.0.0/8",
+        "19.0.0.0/8",
+        "20.0.0.0/8",
+        "21.0.0.0/8",
+        "22.0.0.0/8",
+        "23.0.0.0/8",
+        "24.0.0.0/8",
+        "26.0.0.0/8",
+        "28.0.0.0/8",
+        "29.0.0.0/8",
+        "30.0.0.0/8",
+        "32.0.0.0/8",
+        "33.0.0.0/8",
+        "34.0.0.0/8",
+        "35.0.0.0/8",
+        "38.0.0.0/8",
+        "40.0.0.0/8",
+        "44.0.0.0/8",
+        "45.0.0.0/8",
+        "47.0.0.0/8",
+        "48.0.0.0/8",
+        "50.0.0.0/8",
+        "52.0.0.0/8",
+        "54.0.0.0/8",
+        "55.0.0.0/8",
+        "56.0.0.0/8",
+        "63.0.0.0/8",
+        "64.0.0.0/8",
+        "65.0.0.0/8",
+        "66.0.0.0/8",
+        "67.0.0.0/8",
+        "68.0.0.0/8",
+        "69.0.0.0/8",
+        "70.0.0.0/8",
+        "71.0.0.0/8",
+        "72.0.0.0/8",
+        "73.0.0.0/8",
+        "74.0.0.0/8",
+        "75.0.0.0/8",
+        "76.0.0.0/8",
+        "96.0.0.0/8",
+        "97.0.0.0/8",
+        "98.0.0.0/8",
+        "99.0.0.0/8",
+        "100.0.0.0/8",
+        "104.0.0.0/8",
+        "107.0.0.0/8",
+        "108.0.0.0/8",
+        "128.0.0.0/8",
+        "129.0.0.0/8",
+        "130.0.0.0/8",
+        "131.0.0.0/8",
+        "132.0.0.0/8",
+        "134.0.0.0/8",
+        "135.0.0.0/8",
+        "136.0.0.0/8",
+        "137.0.0.0/8",
+        "138.0.0.0/8",
+        "139.0.0.0/8",
+        "140.0.0.0/8",
+        "142.0.0.0/8",
+        "143.0.0.0/8",
+        "144.0.0.0/8",
+        "146.0.0.0/8",
+        "147.0.0.0/8",
+        "148.0.0.0/8",
+        "149.0.0.0/8",
+        "152.0.0.0/8",
+        "155.0.0.0/8",
+        "156.0.0.0/8",
+        "157.0.0.0/8",
+        "158.0.0.0/8",
+        "159.0.0.0/8",
+        "160.0.0.0/8",
+        "161.0.0.0/8",
+        "162.0.0.0/8",
+        "164.0.0.0/8",
+        "165.0.0.0/8",
+        "166.0.0.0/8",
+        "167.0.0.0/8",
+        "168.0.0.0/8",
+        "169.0.0.0/8",
+        "170.0.0.0/8",
+        "172.0.0.0/8",
+        "173.0.0.0/8",
+        "174.0.0.0/8",
+        "184.0.0.0/8",
+        "192.0.0.0/8",
+        "198.0.0.0/8",
+        "199.0.0.0/8",
+        "204.0.0.0/8",
+        "205.0.0.0/8",
+        "206.0.0.0/8",
+        "207.0.0.0/8",
+        "208.0.0.0/8",
+        "209.0.0.0/8",
+        "214.0.0.0/8",
+        "215.0.0.0/8",
+        "216.0.0.0/8"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/",
+        "http://rdap.arin.net/registry/"
+      ]
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        "2.0.0.0/8",
+        "5.0.0.0/8",
+        "25.0.0.0/8",
+        "31.0.0.0/8",
+        "37.0.0.0/8",
+        "46.0.0.0/8",
+        "51.0.0.0/8",
+        "53.0.0.0/8",
+        "57.0.0.0/8",
+        "62.0.0.0/8",
+        "77.0.0.0/8",
+        "78.0.0.0/8",
+        "79.0.0.0/8",
+        "80.0.0.0/8",
+        "81.0.0.0/8",
+        "82.0.0.0/8",
+        "83.0.0.0/8",
+        "84.0.0.0/8",
+        "85.0.0.0/8",
+        "86.0.0.0/8",
+        "87.0.0.0/8",
+        "88.0.0.0/8",
+        "89.0.0.0/8",
+        "90.0.0.0/8",
+        "91.0.0.0/8",
+        "92.0.0.0/8",
+        "93.0.0.0/8",
+        "94.0.0.0/8",
+        "95.0.0.0/8",
+        "109.0.0.0/8",
+        "141.0.0.0/8",
+        "145.0.0.0/8",
+        "151.0.0.0/8",
+        "176.0.0.0/8",
+        "178.0.0.0/8",
+        "185.0.0.0/8",
+        "188.0.0.0/8",
+        "193.0.0.0/8",
+        "194.0.0.0/8",
+        "195.0.0.0/8",
+        "212.0.0.0/8",
+        "213.0.0.0/8",
+        "217.0.0.0/8"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/"
+      ]
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        "177.0.0.0/8",
+        "179.0.0.0/8",
+        "181.0.0.0/8",
+        "186.0.0.0/8",
+        "187.0.0.0/8",
+        "189.0.0.0/8",
+        "190.0.0.0/8",
+        "191.0.0.0/8",
+        "200.0.0.0/8",
+        "201.0.0.0/8"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.lacnic.net/rdap/"
+      ]
+    ]
+  ],
+  "version": "1.0"
+}

data/data/ipv6.json ADDED Viewed

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "description": "RDAP bootstrap file for IPv6 address allocations",
+  "publication": "2024-11-01T22:00:01Z",
+  "services": [
+    [
+      [
+        "2001:4200::/23",
+        "2c00::/12"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.afrinic.net/rdap/",
+        "http://rdap.afrinic.net/rdap/"
+      ]
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        "2001:200::/23",
+        "2001:4400::/23",
+        "2001:8000::/19",
+        "2001:a000::/20",
+        "2001:b000::/20",
+        "2001:c00::/23",
+        "2001:e00::/23",
+        "2400::/12",
+        "2410::/12"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.apnic.net/"
+      ]
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        "2001:1800::/23",
+        "2001:400::/23",
+        "2001:4800::/23",
+        "2600::/12",
+        "2610::/23",
+        "2620::/23",
+        "2630::/12"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.arin.net/registry/",
+        "http://rdap.arin.net/registry/"
+      ]
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        "2001:1400::/22",
+        "2001:1a00::/23",
+        "2001:1c00::/22",
+        "2001:2000::/19",
+        "2001:4000::/23",
+        "2001:4600::/23",
+        "2001:4a00::/23",
+        "2001:4c00::/23",
+        "2001:5000::/20",
+        "2001:600::/23",
+        "2001:800::/22",
+        "2003::/18",
+        "2a00::/12",
+        "2a10::/12"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.db.ripe.net/"
+      ]
+    ],
+    [
+      [
+        "2001:1200::/23",
+        "2800::/12"
+      ],
+      [
+        "https://rdap.lacnic.net/rdap/"
+      ]
+    ]
+  ],
+  "version": "1.0"
+}

data/lib/rdap.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 require 'json'
 require 'net/http'
+require 'ipaddr'
 module RDAP
-  VERSION = "0.1.4"
+  VERSION = "1.0.0"
   BOOTSTRAP = "https://rdap.org/"
   TYPES = [:domain, :ip, :autnum].freeze
   HEADERS = {
     "User-Agent" => "RDAP ruby gem (#{VERSION})",
-    "Accept" => "application/rdap+json"
+    "Accept" => "application/rdap+json, application/json, */*;q=0.8",
+    # Had to include other types here because rdap.nic.fr returns an error with only rdap+json -_-
   }
   class Error < StandardError; end
@@ -18,26 +20,65 @@ module RDAP
   class NotFound < Error; end
   class TooManyRequests < Error; end
-  def self.domain name, **opts
-    query name, type: :domain, **opts
+  def self.domain name, server: nil, **opts
+    tld = name.to_s.chomp('.').split('.').last
+    server ||= dns_index[tld.downcase] if tld
+    query name, type: :domain, server: server, **opts
   end
-  def self.ip name, **opts
-    query name, type: :ip, **opts
+  def self.ip name, server: nil, **opts
+    ip = IPAddr.new(name.to_s)
+    server ||= ip_index(ip.ipv6? ? 'ipv6' : 'ipv4').find { |net, _| net.include?(ip) }&.last
+    query name, type: :ip, server: server, **opts
   end
-  def self.as name, **opts
-    query name, type: :autnum, **opts
+  def self.as name, server: nil, **opts
+    asn = name.to_i if name.is_a?(Integer) || name.to_s =~ /\A\d+\z/
+    raise ArgumentError.new("RDAP: Invalid AS number: #{name.inspect}") unless asn
+    server ||= asn_index.find { |range, _| range.cover?(asn) }&.last
+    query name, type: :autnum, server: server, **opts
   end
-  def self.query name, type:, timeout: 5, server: BOOTSTRAP, headers: {}
+  def self.query name, type:, timeout: 5, server: nil, headers: {}
     TYPES.include?(type) or raise ArgumentError.new("RDAP: Invalid query type: #{type}, supported types: #{TYPES}")
+    # .domain/.ip/.as resolve the authoritative server from the bundled IANA
+    # files; fall back to the public bootstrap server for anything not covered.
+    server ||= BOOTSTRAP
     uri = URI("#{server.chomp('/')}/#{type}/#{name}")
     get_follow_redirects(uri, timeout: timeout, headers: headers)
   end
   private
+  # TLD => RDAP server, built once for O(1) domain lookups. IANA lists the
+  # preferred (https) endpoint first, so urls.first is the server to use.
+  def self.dns_index
+    @dns_index ||= bootstrap('dns').each_with_object({}) do |(labels, urls), index|
+      labels.each { |label| index[label.downcase] = urls.first }
+    end
+  end
+  # [network, RDAP server] pairs for a registry, built once so the CIDRs are
+  # parsed into IPAddr objects a single time rather than on every lookup.
+  def self.ip_index registry
+    (@ip_index ||= {})[registry] ||= bootstrap(registry).flat_map do |cidrs, urls|
+      cidrs.map { |cidr| [IPAddr.new(cidr), urls.first] }
+    end
+  end
+  # [AS range, RDAP server] pairs, built once so the ranges are parsed a single
+  # time rather than on every lookup.
+  def self.asn_index
+    @asn_index ||= bootstrap('asn').flat_map do |ranges, urls|
+      ranges.map { |range| low, high = range.split('-'); [(low.to_i..(high || low).to_i), urls.first] }
+    end
+  end
+  # Service entries from a bundled IANA bootstrap file (https://data.iana.org/rdap/).
+  def self.bootstrap registry
+    JSON.parse(File.read(File.expand_path("../data/#{registry}.json", __dir__)))["services"]
+  end
   def self.get_follow_redirects uri, timeout: 5, headers: {}, redirection_limit: 5
     raise ServerError.new("Too many redirections (> #{redirection_limit}) at #{uri}") if redirection_limit == 0

metadata CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,35 +1,28 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: rdap
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.1.4
+  version: 1.0.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Adrien Rey-Jarthon
-autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2022-02-01 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2026-06-27 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies: []
-description:
 email:
 - jobs@adrienjarthon.com
 executables: []
 extensions: []
 extra_rdoc_files: []
 files:
-- ".gitignore"
-- ".travis.yml"
-- Gemfile
-- Gemfile.lock
-- README.md
-- Rakefile
-- bin/console
+- data/asn.json
+- data/dns.json
+- data/ipv4.json
+- data/ipv6.json
 - lib/rdap.rb
-- rdap.gemspec
 homepage: https://github.com/jarthod/rdap
 licenses: []
 metadata: {}
-post_install_message:
 rdoc_options: []
 require_paths:
 - lib
@@ -37,15 +30,14 @@ required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-      version: 2.3.0
+      version: 3.2.0
 required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
-rubygems_version: 3.3.0
-signing_key:
+rubygems_version: 3.6.2
 specification_version: 4
 summary: A minimal Ruby client to query RDAP APIs though a bootstrap server
 test_files: []

data/.gitignore DELETED Viewed

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-/.bundle/
-/.yardoc
-/_yardoc/
-/coverage/
-/doc/
-/pkg/
-/spec/reports/
-/tmp/

data/.travis.yml DELETED Viewed

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
----
-language: ruby
-cache: bundler
-# Ubuntu 18.04
-dist: bionic
-# https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/reference/bionic/#ruby-support
-rvm:
-  - 2.6.5
-  - 2.7.0
-  - 3.0.3
-before_install: gem install bundler -v 2.1.4

data/Gemfile DELETED Viewed

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-source "https://rubygems.org"
-# Specify your gem's dependencies in rdap.gemspec
-gemspec
-gem "rake", ">= 12.0"
-gem "rspec", "~> 3.0"
-gem "vcr", "~> 6.0"
-gem "webmock"

data/Gemfile.lock DELETED Viewed

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-PATH
-  remote: .
-  specs:
-    rdap (0.1.1)
-GEM
-  remote: https://rubygems.org/
-  specs:
-    addressable (2.8.0)
-      public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 5.0)
-    crack (0.4.5)
-      rexml
-    diff-lcs (1.4.4)
-    hashdiff (1.0.1)
-    public_suffix (4.0.6)
-    rake (13.0.6)
-    rexml (3.2.5)
-    rspec (3.10.0)
-      rspec-core (~> 3.10.0)
-      rspec-expectations (~> 3.10.0)
-      rspec-mocks (~> 3.10.0)
-    rspec-core (3.10.1)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.10.0)
-    rspec-expectations (3.10.1)
-      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.10.0)
-    rspec-mocks (3.10.2)
-      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.10.0)
-    rspec-support (3.10.3)
-    vcr (6.0.0)
-    webmock (3.14.0)
-      addressable (>= 2.8.0)
-      crack (>= 0.3.2)
-      hashdiff (>= 0.4.0, < 2.0.0)
-PLATFORMS
-  ruby
-DEPENDENCIES
-  rake (>= 12.0)
-  rdap!
-  rspec (~> 3.0)
-  vcr (~> 6.0)
-  webmock
-BUNDLED WITH
-   2.1.4

data/README.md DELETED Viewed

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-# RDAP [![Build Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/jarthod/rdap.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/github/jarthod/rdap)
-A minimal Ruby client to query RDAP APIs though a bootstrap server.
-No dependencies, no caching or bootstrap file (the query is routed through a bootstrap server first).
-[RDAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registration_Data_Access_Protocol) is a new protocol destined to replace WHOIS to query informations about domains, IPs, ASNs, etc.
-Not all TLDs support RDAP at the moment, but the deployment is going well: https://deployment.rdap.org
-This library is optimal for low volume queries (the [bootstrap server we used here](https://about.rdap.org/) enforces [some throttling](https://about.rdap.org/#rate-limits)).
-If you need to perform a lot of queries, you should either:
-- avoid bootstrap servers and use a caching client like [nicinfo](https://github.com/arineng/nicinfo)
-- or run [your own bootstrap server](https://github.com/arineng/rdap_bootstrap_server).
-## Installation
-Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
-```ruby
-gem 'rdap'
-```
-And then execute:
-    $ bundle install
-Or install it yourself as:
-    $ gem install rdap
-## Usage
-You can use `bin/console` from this repository for an interactive prompt.
-```ruby
-RDAP.domain("google.com")
-# => {"objectClassName"=>"domain",
-#  "handle"=>"2138514_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN",
-#  "ldhName"=>"GOOGLE.COM",
-#  "links"=>[...],
-#  "status"=>[...],
-#  "entities"=>[...],
-#  "events"=>
-#   [{"eventAction"=>"registration", "eventDate"=>"1997-09-15T04:00:00Z"},
-#    {"eventAction"=>"expiration", "eventDate"=>"2028-09-14T04:00:00Z"},
-#    {"eventAction"=>"last update of RDAP database", "eventDate"=>"2021-12-17T11:35:32Z"}],
-#  "secureDNS"=>{"delegationSigned"=>false},
-#  "nameservers"=>
-#   [{"objectClassName"=>"nameserver", "ldhName"=>"NS1.GOOGLE.COM"},
-#    {"objectClassName"=>"nameserver", "ldhName"=>"NS2.GOOGLE.COM"},
-#    {"objectClassName"=>"nameserver", "ldhName"=>"NS3.GOOGLE.COM"},
-#    {"objectClassName"=>"nameserver", "ldhName"=>"NS4.GOOGLE.COM"}],
-#  "rdapConformance"=>
-#   ["rdap_level_0", "icann_rdap_technical_implementation_guide_0", "icann_rdap_response_profile_0"],
-#  "notices"=>[...]}
-RDAP.ip("8.8.8.8") # IPv4
-RDAP.ip("2620:119:35::35") # or IPv6
-RDAP.as("16276") # AS Number ("autnum" in RDAP phraseology)
-# there is also a lower level method accepting a type (:domain, :ip, :autnum) if needed
-RDAP.query("16276", type: :autnum)
-# Options
-RDAP.domain("google.com", server: "https://rdap-bootstrap.arin.net/bootstrap") # Specify an alternative bootstrap server
-RDAP.domain("google.com", server: "https://rdap.verisign.com/com/v1") # Or directly the target RDAP server if you know it
-RDAP.domain("google.com", timeout: 20) # Customize open and read timeouts (default = 5 sec each)
-RDAP.domain("google.com", headers: {'User-Agent' => 'My application name'}) # Override some HTTP request headers. Default headers are in RDAP::HEADERS
-# Error handling
-RDAP.domain("test.fr") # TLD not supported yet
-# => RDAP::NotFound ([404] domain test.fr not found in IANA boostrap file)
-RDAP.domain("jsiqpmcurt.design") # Domain not found
-# => RDAP::NotFound ([404] Object not found)
-RDAP.domain("jsiqpmcurt.com") # The message is not always exactly the same
-# => RDAP::NotFound ([404] Not Found)
-RDAP.domain("u$&~(!*@&@^#}") # Invalid URI
-# => URI::InvalidURIError (bad URI(is not URI?): "https://rdap.org/domain/u$&~(!*@&@^#}")
-RDAP.domain("broken") # Other type of unexpected server response
-# => RDAP::ServerError ([500] Internal Server Error)
-```
-## How does it work
-The gem make a query to one of the publicly available RDAP bootstrap server (their responsibility is simply to check the [bootstrap files](https://data.iana.org/rdap/dns.json) and redirect you to the proper RDAP server), then it does the query to the target RDAP server and returns the JSON parsed. The gem currently use this public bootstrap server: https://rdap.org/ but it's possible to change for another one in case of problem or limitation. For example ARIN has it's own bootstrap server too: https://rdap-bootstrap.arin.net/bootstrap. It's also possible to host your own bootstrap server.
-## Changelog
-- **0.1.4** (2022-02-01) - Wrap JSON parser errors as RDAP::InvalidReponse and also raise RDAP::EmptyResponse when body is missing
-- **0.1.3** (2022-01-10) - Wrap SSL errors as RDAP::SSLError < ServerError < Error
-- **0.1.2** (2022-01-07) - Added HTTP headers customization
-- **0.1.1** (2021-12-19) - Added TooManyRequests expection in case of 429
-- **0.1.0** (2021-12-17) - Initial version
-## Contributing
-Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/jarthod/rdap.
-After checking out the repo, run `bundle install` to install dependencies. Then, run `rake spec` to run the tests. You can also run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.
-Tests are using the `vcr` gem to record server responses so we don't hit them too quickly/often. This is nice and fast but if the server API even changes we may not notice it. So from time to time it can be intereting to re-record the responses: `rm -R spec/fixtures && rake spec`
-## Alternatives
-If you're looking for a command line tool, you can check the excellent [nicinfo](https://github.com/arineng/nicinfo) (also written in Ruby).
-Also if you're just looking for one-off debugging and scripts, you can query a bootstrap endpoint directly using `curl -L`, example:
-```
-> curl -L https://rdap-bootstrap.arin.net/bootstrap/domain/google.com
-{"objectClassName":"domain","handle":"2138514_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN","ldhName":"GOOGLE.COM","links":[{"value":"https:\/\/rdap.verisign.com\/com\/v1\/domain\/GOOGLE.COM","rel":"self","href":"https:\/\/rdap.verisign.com\/com\/v1\/domain\/GOOGLE.COM","type":"application\/rdap+json"},{"value":"https:\/\/rdap.markmonitor.com\/rdap\/domain\/GOOGLE.COM","rel":"related","href":"https:\/\/rdap.markmonitor.com\/rdap\/domain\/GOOGLE.COM","type":"application\/rdap+json"}],"status":["client delete prohibited","client transfer prohibited","client update prohibited","server delete prohibited","server transfer prohibited","server update prohibited"],"entities":[{"objectClassName":"entity","handle":"292","roles":["registrar"],"publicIds":[{"type":"IANA Registrar ID","identifier":"292"}],"vcardArray":["vcard",[["version",{},"text","4.0"],["fn",{},"text","MarkMonitor Inc."]]],"entities":[{"objectClassName":"entity","roles":["abuse"],"vcardArray":["vcard",[["version",{},"text","4.0"],["fn",{},"text",""],["tel",{"type":"voice"},"uri","tel:+1.2083895740"],["email",{},"text","abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com"]]]}]}],"events":[{"eventAction":"registration","eventDate":"1997-09-15T04:00:00Z"},{"eventAction":"expiration","eventDate":"2028-09-14T04:00:00Z"},{"eventAction":"last update of RDAP database","eventDate":"2021-12-17T11:35:32Z"}],"secureDNS":{"delegationSigned":false},"nameservers":[{"objectClassName":"nameserver","ldhName":"NS1.GOOGLE.COM"},{"objectClassName":"nameserver","ldhName":"NS2.GOOGLE.COM"},{"objectClassName":"nameserver","ldhName":"NS3.GOOGLE.COM"},{"objectClassName":"nameserver","ldhName":"NS4.GOOGLE.COM"}],"rdapConformance":["rdap_level_0","icann_rdap_technical_implementation_guide_0","icann_rdap_response_profile_0"],"notices":[{"title":"Terms of Use","description":["Service subject to Terms of Use."],"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.verisign.com\/domain-names\/registration-data-access-protocol\/terms-service\/index.xhtml","type":"text\/html"}]},{"title":"Status Codes","description":["For more information on domain status codes, please visit https:\/\/icann.org\/epp"],"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/icann.org\/epp","type":"text\/html"}]},{"title":"RDDS Inaccuracy Complaint Form","description":["URL of the ICANN RDDS Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https:\/\/icann.org\/wicf"],"links":[{"href":"https:\/\/icann.org\/wicf","type":"text\/html"}]}]}
-```