rb-scpt 1.0.0

data/src/rbae.c

@@ -0,0 +1,979 @@
+/*
+ * rb-appscript
+ *
+ * ae -- a low-level API providing a basic Ruby wrapper around the various 
+ *    Apple Event Manager, Process Manager and Launch Services APIs used by aem
+ *
+ *  Thanks to:
+ *  - FUJIMOTO Hisakuni, author of RubyAEOSA
+ *  - Jordan Breeding (64-bit support patch)
+ */
+
+#include "osx_ruby.h"
+#include <Carbon/Carbon.h>
+#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
+#include "SendThreadSafe.h"
+
+// AE module and classes
+static VALUE mAE;
+static VALUE cAEDesc;
+static VALUE cMacOSError;
+
+// Note: AEDescs need extra wrapping to avoid nasty problems with Ruby's Data_Wrap_Struct.
+struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper {
+	AEDesc desc;
+};
+
+// (these two macros are basically cribbed from RubyAEOSA's aedesc.c)
+#define AEDESC_DATA_PTR(o) ((struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper*)(DATA_PTR(o)))
+#define AEDESC_OF(o) (AEDESC_DATA_PTR(o)->desc)
+
+// Event handling
+#if __LP64__
+	// SRefCon typedefed as void * by system headers
+#else
+	typedef long SRefCon;
+#endif
+
+AEEventHandlerUPP upp_GenericEventHandler;
+AECoercionHandlerUPP upp_GenericCoercionHandler;
+
+
+// these macros were added in 1.8.6
+
+#if !defined(RSTRING_LEN)
+#define RSTRING_LEN(x) (RSTRING(x)->len)
+#define RSTRING_PTR(x) (RSTRING(x)->ptr)
+#endif
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// Raise MacOS error
+
+/*
+ * Note: MacOSError should only be raised by AE module; attempting to raise it from Ruby
+ * just results in unexpected errors. (I've not quite figured out how to implement an
+ * Exception class in C that constructs correctly in both C and Ruby. Not serious, since
+ * nobody else needs to raise MacOSErrors - just a bit irritating.)
+ */ 
+
+static void
+rbAE_raiseMacOSError(const char *description, OSErr number)
+{
+	VALUE errObj;
+	
+	errObj = rb_funcall(cMacOSError, rb_intern("new"), 0);
+	rb_iv_set(errObj, "@number", INT2NUM(number)); // returns the OS error number
+	rb_iv_set(errObj, "@description", rb_str_new2(description)); // troubleshooting info
+	rb_exc_raise(errObj);
+}
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// MacOSError methods
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_MacOSError_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+	char s[32];
+	
+	sprintf(s, "#<AE::MacOSError %li>", (long)NUM2INT(rb_iv_get(self, "@number")));
+	return rb_str_new2(s);
+}
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// AEDesc support functions
+
+static DescType
+rbStringToDescType(VALUE obj)
+{
+	if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, rb_cString) && RSTRING_LEN(obj) == 4) {
+		return CFSwapInt32HostToBig(*(DescType *)(RSTRING_PTR(obj)));
+	} else {
+		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Not a four-char-code string.");
+	}
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rbDescTypeToString(DescType descType)
+{
+	char s[4];
+	
+	*(DescType*)s = CFSwapInt32HostToBig(descType);
+	return rb_str_new(s, 4);
+}
+
+/*******/
+
+static void
+rbAE_freeAEDesc(struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper *p)
+{
+	AEDisposeDesc(&(p->desc));
+	free(p);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_wrapAEDesc(const AEDesc *desc)
+{
+		struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper *wrapper;
+		
+		// Found out how to wrap AEDescs so Ruby wouldn't crash by reading RubyAEOSA's aedesc.c
+		wrapper = malloc(sizeof(struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper));
+		wrapper->desc = *desc;
+		return Data_Wrap_Struct(cAEDesc, 0, rbAE_freeAEDesc, wrapper);
+}
+
+/*******/
+// Note: clients should not attempt to use retain/use borrowed AE::AEDesc instances after handler callbacks return,
+// as AEM will have disposed of the underlying AEDesc objects by then
+
+static void
+rbAE_freeBorrowedAEDesc(struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper *p)
+{
+	free(p);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_wrapBorrowedAEDesc(const AEDesc *desc)
+{
+		struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper *wrapper;
+		
+		wrapper = malloc(sizeof(struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper));
+		wrapper->desc = *desc;
+		return Data_Wrap_Struct(cAEDesc, 0, rbAE_freeBorrowedAEDesc, wrapper);
+}
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// AEDesc constructors
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_new(VALUE class, VALUE type, VALUE data)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEDesc desc;
+	
+	Check_Type(data, T_STRING);
+	err = AECreateDesc(rbStringToDescType(type),
+					   RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data),
+					   &desc);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AEDesc.", err);
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&desc);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_newList(VALUE class, VALUE isRecord)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEDesc desc;
+	
+	err = AECreateList(NULL, 0, RTEST(isRecord), &desc);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AEDescList.", err);
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&desc);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_newAppleEvent(VALUE class, VALUE eventClassValue, VALUE eventIDValue, 
+		VALUE targetValue, VALUE returnIDValue, VALUE transactionIDValue)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEEventClass theAEEventClass = rbStringToDescType(eventClassValue);
+	AEEventID theAEEventID = rbStringToDescType(eventIDValue);
+	AEAddressDesc target = AEDESC_OF(targetValue);
+	AEReturnID returnID = NUM2INT(returnIDValue);
+	AETransactionID transactionID = NUM2LONG(transactionIDValue);
+	AppleEvent result;
+	
+	err = AECreateAppleEvent(theAEEventClass, 
+							 theAEEventID,
+							 &target,
+							 returnID, 
+							 transactionID,
+							 &result);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AppleEvent.", err);
+	// workaround for return ID bug in 10.6
+	AEDesc returnIDDesc;
+	if (returnID == kAutoGenerateReturnID) {
+		err = AEGetAttributeDesc(&result, keyReturnIDAttr, typeSInt32, &returnIDDesc);
+		if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AppleEvent.", err);
+		err = AEGetDescData(&returnIDDesc, &returnID, sizeof(returnID));
+		if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AppleEvent.", err);
+		if (returnID == -1) {
+			AEDisposeDesc(&result);
+			err = AECreateAppleEvent(theAEEventClass,
+						  theAEEventID,
+						  &target,
+						  returnID,
+						  transactionID,
+						  &result);
+			if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AppleEvent.", err);
+		}
+	}
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&result);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_newUnflatten(VALUE class, VALUE data)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEDesc desc;
+	
+	Check_Type(data, T_STRING);
+	err = AEUnflattenDesc(RSTRING_PTR(data), &desc);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AEDesc.", err);
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&desc);
+}
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// AEDesc methods
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+	VALUE s, type;
+	Size dataSize;
+	
+	s = rb_str_new2("#<AE::AEDesc type=%s size=%i>");
+	type = rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("type"), 0);
+	dataSize = AEGetDescDataSize(&(AEDESC_OF(self)));
+	return rb_funcall(s, 
+					  rb_intern("%"), 
+					  1,
+					  rb_ary_new3(2, 
+								  rb_funcall(type, rb_intern("inspect"), 0),
+								  INT2NUM(dataSize)
+					  )
+	);
+}
+
+
+/*******/
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_type(VALUE self)
+{	
+	return rbDescTypeToString(AEDESC_OF(self).descriptorType);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_data(VALUE self)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	Size dataSize;
+	void *data;
+	VALUE result;
+	
+	dataSize = AEGetDescDataSize(&(AEDESC_OF(self)));
+	data = malloc(dataSize);
+	err = AEGetDescData(&(AEDESC_OF(self)), data, dataSize);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get AEDesc data.", err);
+	result = rb_str_new(data, dataSize);
+	free(data);
+	return result;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_flatten(VALUE self)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	Size dataSize;
+	void *data;
+	VALUE result;
+	
+	dataSize = AESizeOfFlattenedDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)));
+	data = malloc(dataSize);
+	err = AEFlattenDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)), data, dataSize, NULL);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't flatten AEDesc.", err);
+	result = rb_str_new(data, dataSize);
+	free(data);
+	return result;
+}
+
+
+/*******/
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_isRecord(VALUE self)
+{
+	return AECheckIsRecord(&(AEDESC_OF(self))) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_coerce(VALUE self, VALUE type)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEDesc desc;
+	
+	err = AECoerceDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)), rbStringToDescType(type), &desc);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't coerce AEDesc.", err);
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&desc);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_length(VALUE self)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	long length;
+	
+	err = AECountItems(&(AEDESC_OF(self)), &length);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get length of AEDesc.", err);
+	return INT2NUM(length);
+}
+
+
+/*******/
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_putItem(VALUE self, VALUE index, VALUE desc)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	
+	if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(desc, cAEDesc) == Qfalse)
+			rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't put non-AEDesc item into AEDesc.");
+	err = AEPutDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)), NUM2LONG(index), &(AEDESC_OF(desc)));
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't put item into AEDesc.", err);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_putParam(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE desc)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	
+	if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(desc, cAEDesc) == Qfalse)
+			rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't put non-AEDesc parameter into AEDesc.");
+	err = AEPutParamDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)), rbStringToDescType(key), &(AEDESC_OF(desc)));
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't put parameter into AEDesc.", err);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_putAttr(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE desc)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	
+	if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(desc, cAEDesc) == Qfalse)
+			rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Can't put non-AEDesc attribute into AEDesc.");
+	err = AEPutAttributeDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)), rbStringToDescType(key), &(AEDESC_OF(desc)));
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't put attribute into AEDesc.", err);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+/*******/
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_getItem(VALUE self, VALUE index, VALUE type)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEKeyword key;
+	AEDesc desc;
+	
+	err = AEGetNthDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)),
+					   NUM2LONG(index),
+					   rbStringToDescType(type),
+					   &key,
+					   &desc);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get item from AEDesc.", err);
+	return rb_ary_new3(2,
+					   rbDescTypeToString(key),
+					   rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&desc));
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_getParam(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE type)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEDesc desc;
+	
+	err = AEGetParamDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)),
+						 rbStringToDescType(key),
+						 rbStringToDescType(type),
+						 &desc);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get parameter from AEDesc.", err);
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&desc);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_getAttr(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE type)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEDesc desc;
+	
+	err = AEGetAttributeDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)),
+							 rbStringToDescType(key),
+							 rbStringToDescType(type),
+							 &desc);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get attribute from AEDesc.", err);
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&desc);
+}
+
+
+/*******/
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_send(VALUE self, VALUE sendMode, VALUE timeout)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AppleEvent reply;
+	
+	err = AESendMessage(&(AEDESC_OF(self)),
+						&reply,
+						(AESendMode)NUM2LONG(sendMode),
+						NUM2LONG(timeout));
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't send Apple event.", err);
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&reply);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEDesc_sendThreadSafe(VALUE self, VALUE sendMode, VALUE timeout)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AppleEvent reply;
+	
+	err = SendMessageThreadSafe(&(AEDESC_OF(self)),
+								&reply,
+								(AESendMode)NUM2LONG(sendMode),
+								NUM2LONG(timeout));
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't send Apple event.", err);
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&reply);
+}
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// Find and launch applications
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_findApplication(VALUE self, VALUE creator, VALUE bundleID, VALUE name)
+{
+	OSStatus err = 0;
+	
+	OSType inCreator;
+	CFStringRef inName;
+	CFStringRef inBundleID;
+	FSRef outAppRef;
+	UInt8 path[PATH_MAX];
+	
+	inCreator = (creator == Qnil) ? kLSUnknownCreator : rbStringToDescType(creator);
+	if (bundleID != Qnil) {
+		inBundleID = CFStringCreateWithBytes(NULL,
+											 (UInt8 *)(RSTRING_PTR(bundleID)),
+											 (CFIndex)(RSTRING_LEN(bundleID)),
+											 kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+											 false);
+		if (inBundleID == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Invalid bundle ID string.");
+	} else {
+		inBundleID = NULL;
+	}
+	if (name != Qnil) {
+		inName = CFStringCreateWithBytes(NULL,
+										 (UInt8 *)(RSTRING_PTR(name)),
+										 (CFIndex)(RSTRING_LEN(name)),
+										 kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+										 false);
+		if (inName == NULL) {
+			if (inBundleID != NULL) CFRelease(inBundleID);
+			rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Invalid name string.");
+		}
+	} else {
+		inName = NULL;
+	}
+	err = LSFindApplicationForInfo(inCreator,
+								   inBundleID,
+								   inName,
+								   &outAppRef,
+								   NULL);
+	if (inBundleID != NULL) CFRelease(inBundleID);
+	if (inName != NULL) CFRelease(inName);
+	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't find application.", err);
+	err = FSRefMakePath(&outAppRef, path, PATH_MAX);
+	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't get application path.", err);
+	return rb_str_new2((char *)path);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_psnForApplicationPath(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+	OSStatus err = noErr;
+	ProcessSerialNumber psn = {0, kNoProcess};
+	FSRef appRef, foundRef;
+
+	err = FSPathMakeRef((UInt8 *)StringValuePtr(path), &appRef, NULL);
+	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSRef for application.", err);
+	while (1) {
+		err = GetNextProcess(&psn);
+		if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get next process.", err); // -600 if no more processes left
+		err = GetProcessBundleLocation(&psn, &foundRef);
+		if (err != 0) continue;
+		if (FSCompareFSRefs(&appRef, &foundRef) == noErr) 
+				return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2NUM(psn.highLongOfPSN), INT2NUM(psn.lowLongOfPSN));
+	}
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_psnForPID(VALUE self, VALUE pid)
+{
+	OSStatus err = noErr;
+	ProcessSerialNumber psn = {0, kNoProcess};
+
+	err = GetProcessForPID(NUM2INT(pid), &psn);
+	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get next process.", err); // -600 if process not found
+	return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2NUM(psn.highLongOfPSN), INT2NUM(psn.lowLongOfPSN));
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_launchApplication(VALUE self, VALUE path, VALUE firstEvent, VALUE flags)
+{
+	FSRef appRef;
+	ProcessSerialNumber psn;
+	OSStatus err = noErr;
+	
+	err = FSPathMakeRef((UInt8 *)StringValuePtr(path), &appRef, NULL);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSRef for application.", err);
+	LSApplicationParameters appParams = {0, 
+										 (LSLaunchFlags)NUM2UINT(flags), 
+										 &appRef, 
+										 NULL, NULL, NULL, 
+										 &(AEDESC_OF(firstEvent))};
+	err = LSOpenApplication(&appParams, &psn);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't launch application.", err);
+	return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2NUM(psn.highLongOfPSN), INT2NUM(psn.lowLongOfPSN));
+}
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// HFS/POSIX path conversions
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_convertPathToURL(VALUE self, VALUE path, VALUE pathStyle)
+{
+	CFStringRef str;
+	CFURLRef url;
+	UInt8 buffer[PATH_MAX];
+	
+	str = CFStringCreateWithBytes(NULL,
+								  (UInt8 *)(RSTRING_PTR(path)),
+								  (CFIndex)(RSTRING_LEN(path)),
+								  kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+								  false);
+	if (str == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Bad path string.");
+	url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath(NULL,
+										str,
+										NUM2LONG(pathStyle),
+										false);
+	CFRelease(str);
+	if (url == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Invalid path.");
+	buffer[CFURLGetBytes(url, buffer, PATH_MAX - 1)] = '\0';
+	CFRelease(url);
+	return rb_str_new2((char *)buffer);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_convertURLToPath(VALUE self, VALUE urlStr, VALUE pathStyle)
+{
+	Boolean err;
+	CFURLRef url;
+	CFStringRef str;
+	char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+
+	url = CFURLCreateWithBytes(NULL,
+							   (UInt8 *)(RSTRING_PTR(urlStr)),
+							   (CFIndex)(RSTRING_LEN(urlStr)),
+							   kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+							   NULL);
+	if (url == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Bad URL string.");
+	str = CFURLCopyFileSystemPath(url, NUM2LONG(pathStyle));
+	CFRelease(url);
+	if (str == NULL) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Can't get path.");
+	err = CFStringGetCString(str,
+							 buffer,
+							 PATH_MAX,
+							 kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+	CFRelease(str);
+	if (!err) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Can't get path.");
+	return rb_str_new2(buffer);
+}
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// Date conversion
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_convertLongDateTimeToString(VALUE self, VALUE ldt)
+{
+	Boolean bErr;
+	OSStatus err = 0;
+	CFAbsoluteTime cfTime;
+	CFDateFormatterRef formatter;
+	CFStringRef str;
+	char buffer[20]; // size of format string + nul
+	
+	err = UCConvertLongDateTimeToCFAbsoluteTime(NUM2LL(ldt), &cfTime);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't convert LongDateTime to seconds.", err);
+	formatter = CFDateFormatterCreate(NULL, NULL,  kCFDateFormatterNoStyle,  kCFDateFormatterNoStyle);
+	if (!formatter) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create date formatter.", err);
+	CFDateFormatterSetFormat(formatter, CFSTR("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
+	str = CFDateFormatterCreateStringWithAbsoluteTime(NULL, formatter, cfTime);
+	CFRelease(formatter);
+	if (!str) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create date string.", err);
+	bErr = CFStringGetCString(str,
+							 buffer,
+							 sizeof(buffer),
+							 kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+	CFRelease(str);
+	if (!bErr) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Can't convert date string.");
+	return rb_str_new2(buffer);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_convertStringToLongDateTime(VALUE self, VALUE datetime)
+{
+	CFStringRef str;
+	CFAbsoluteTime cfTime;
+	CFDateFormatterRef formatter;
+	OSStatus err = 0;
+	Boolean bErr;
+	SInt64 ldt;
+	
+	str = CFStringCreateWithBytes(NULL,
+								  (UInt8 *)(RSTRING_PTR(datetime)),
+								  (CFIndex)(RSTRING_LEN(datetime)),
+								  kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+								  false);
+	if (str == NULL || CFStringGetLength(str) != 19) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Bad datetime string.");
+	formatter = CFDateFormatterCreate(NULL, NULL,  kCFDateFormatterNoStyle,  kCFDateFormatterNoStyle);
+	if (!formatter) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create date formatter.", err);
+	CFDateFormatterSetFormat(formatter, CFSTR("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
+	bErr = CFDateFormatterGetAbsoluteTimeFromString(formatter, str, NULL, &cfTime);
+	CFRelease(formatter);
+	CFRelease(str);
+	if (!bErr) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Can't convert date string.");
+	err = UCConvertCFAbsoluteTimeToLongDateTime(cfTime, &ldt);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't convert seconds to LongDateTime.", err);
+	return LL2NUM(ldt);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_convertLongDateTimeToUnixSeconds(VALUE self, VALUE ldt)
+{
+	OSStatus err = 0;
+	CFAbsoluteTime cfTime;
+	
+	err = UCConvertLongDateTimeToCFAbsoluteTime(NUM2LL(ldt), &cfTime);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't convert LongDateTime to seconds.", err);
+	return rb_float_new(cfTime + kCFAbsoluteTimeIntervalSince1970);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_convertUnixSecondsToLongDateTime(VALUE self, VALUE secs)
+{
+	OSStatus err = 0;
+	SInt64 ldt;
+
+	err = UCConvertCFAbsoluteTimeToLongDateTime(NUM2DBL(secs) - kCFAbsoluteTimeIntervalSince1970, &ldt);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't convert seconds to LongDateTime.", err);
+	return LL2NUM(ldt);
+}
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// Get aete
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_OSACopyScriptingDefinition(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+{
+	FSRef fsRef;
+	CFDataRef sdef;
+	CFIndex dataSize;
+	char *data;
+	VALUE res;
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	
+	err = FSPathMakeRef((UInt8 *)StringValuePtr(path), &fsRef, NULL);
+	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSRef for path.", err);
+	err = OSACopyScriptingDefinition(&fsRef, 0, &sdef);
+	if (err) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't get sdef.", err);
+	dataSize = CFDataGetLength(sdef);
+	data = (char *)CFDataGetBytePtr(sdef);
+	if (data != NULL) {
+		res = rb_str_new(data, dataSize);
+	} else {
+		data = malloc(dataSize);
+		CFDataGetBytes(sdef, CFRangeMake(0, dataSize), (UInt8 *)data);
+		res = rb_str_new(data, dataSize);
+		free(data);
+	}
+	CFRelease(sdef);
+	return res;
+}
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// Install event handlers
+
+// Based on Python's CarbonX.AE extension
+
+static pascal OSErr
+rbAE_GenericEventHandler(const AppleEvent *request, AppleEvent *reply, SRefCon refcon)
+{
+	VALUE err;
+	
+	err = rb_funcall((VALUE)refcon, 
+					 rb_intern("handle_event"), 
+					 2, 
+					 rbAE_wrapBorrowedAEDesc(request),
+					 rbAE_wrapBorrowedAEDesc(reply));
+	return NUM2INT(err);
+}
+
+/*******/
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEInstallEventHandler(VALUE self, VALUE eventClass, VALUE eventID, SRefCon handler)
+{
+	/* 
+	 * eventClass and eventID must be four-character code strings
+	 *
+	 * handler must be a Ruby object containing a method named 'handle_event' that takes two
+	 * AppleEvent descriptors (request and reply) as arguments, and returns an integer.
+	 * Note that this object is responsible for trapping any unhandled exceptions and returning
+	 * an OS error number as appropriate (or 0 if no error), otherwise the program will exit.
+	 */
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	
+	err = AEInstallEventHandler(rbStringToDescType(eventClass),
+								rbStringToDescType(eventID),
+	                            upp_GenericEventHandler, handler,
+	                            0);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't install event handler.", err);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AERemoveEventHandler(VALUE self, VALUE eventClass, VALUE eventID)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	
+	err = AERemoveEventHandler(rbStringToDescType(eventClass),
+							   rbStringToDescType(eventID),
+							   upp_GenericEventHandler,
+							   0);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't remove event handler.", err);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEGetEventHandler(VALUE self, VALUE eventClass, VALUE eventID)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AEEventHandlerUPP handlerUPP;
+	SRefCon handler;
+	
+	err = AEGetEventHandler(rbStringToDescType(eventClass),
+							 rbStringToDescType(eventID),
+	                         &handlerUPP, &handler,
+	                         0);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get event handler.", err);
+	return (VALUE)handler;
+}
+
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+// Install coercion handlers
+
+static pascal OSErr
+rbAE_GenericCoercionHandler(const AEDesc *fromDesc, DescType toType, SRefCon refcon, AEDesc *toDesc)
+{
+	// handle_coercion method should return an AE::AEDesc, or nil if an error occurred
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	VALUE res;
+	
+	res = rb_funcall((VALUE)refcon, 
+					 rb_intern("handle_coercion"),
+					 2,
+					 rbAE_wrapBorrowedAEDesc(fromDesc),
+					 rbDescTypeToString(toType));
+	if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(res, cAEDesc) != Qtrue) return errAECoercionFail;
+	err = AEDuplicateDesc(&AEDESC_OF(res), toDesc);
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+/*******/
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEInstallCoercionHandler(VALUE self, VALUE fromType, VALUE toType, SRefCon handler)
+{
+	/* 
+	 * fromType and toType must be four-character code strings
+	 *
+	 * handler must be a Ruby object containing a method named 'handle_coercion' that takes an
+	 * AEDesc and a four-character code (original value, desired type) as arguments, and returns an
+	 * AEDesc of the desired type.Note that this object is responsible for trapping any unhandled 
+	 * exceptions and returning nil (or any other non-AEDesc value) as appropriate, otherwise the 
+	 * program will exit.
+	 */
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	
+	err = AEInstallCoercionHandler(rbStringToDescType(fromType),
+								   rbStringToDescType(toType),
+								   upp_GenericCoercionHandler, handler,
+								   1, 0);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't install coercion handler.", err);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AERemoveCoercionHandler(VALUE self, VALUE fromType, VALUE toType)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	
+	err = AERemoveCoercionHandler(rbStringToDescType(fromType),
+								  rbStringToDescType(toType),
+								  upp_GenericCoercionHandler,
+								  0);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't remove coercion handler.", err);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_AEGetCoercionHandler(VALUE self, VALUE fromType, VALUE toType)
+{
+	OSErr err = noErr;
+	AECoercionHandlerUPP handlerUPP;
+	SRefCon handler;
+	Boolean fromTypeIsDesc;
+	
+	err = AEGetCoercionHandler(rbStringToDescType(fromType),
+							   rbStringToDescType(toType),
+							   &handlerUPP, &handler,
+							   &fromTypeIsDesc,
+							   0);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get coercion handler.", err);
+	return rb_ary_new3(2, handler, fromTypeIsDesc ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
+}
+
+
+
+		
+/**********************************************************************/
+// Process management
+static VALUE
+rbAE_transformProcessToForegroundApplication(VALUE self)
+{
+	OSStatus err = 0;
+	ProcessSerialNumber psn = {0, kCurrentProcess};
+	
+	err = TransformProcessType(& psn, kProcessTransformToForegroundApplication);
+	if( err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't transform process.", err);
+	return Qnil;
+}
+
+		
+/**********************************************************************/
+// Initialisation
+
+void
+Init_ae (void)
+{
+
+	mAE = rb_define_module("AE");
+
+	// AE::AEDesc
+	
+	cAEDesc = rb_define_class_under(mAE, "AEDesc", rb_cObject);
+	
+	rb_define_singleton_method(cAEDesc, "new", rbAE_AEDesc_new, 2);
+	rb_define_singleton_method(cAEDesc, "new_list", rbAE_AEDesc_newList, 1);
+	rb_define_singleton_method(cAEDesc, "new_apple_event", rbAE_AEDesc_newAppleEvent, 5);
+	rb_define_singleton_method(cAEDesc, "unflatten", rbAE_AEDesc_newUnflatten, 1);
+	
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "to_s", rbAE_AEDesc_inspect, 0);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "inspect", rbAE_AEDesc_inspect, 0);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "type", rbAE_AEDesc_type, 0);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "data", rbAE_AEDesc_data, 0);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "flatten", rbAE_AEDesc_flatten, 0);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "is_record?", rbAE_AEDesc_isRecord, 0);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "coerce", rbAE_AEDesc_coerce, 1);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "length", rbAE_AEDesc_length, 0);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "put_item", rbAE_AEDesc_putItem, 2);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "put_param", rbAE_AEDesc_putParam, 2);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "put_attr", rbAE_AEDesc_putAttr, 2);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "get_item", rbAE_AEDesc_getItem, 2);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "get_param", rbAE_AEDesc_getParam, 2);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "get_attr", rbAE_AEDesc_getAttr, 2);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "send", rbAE_AEDesc_send, 2);
+	rb_define_method(cAEDesc, "send_thread_safe", rbAE_AEDesc_sendThreadSafe, 2);
+	
+	// AE::MacOSError
+	
+	cMacOSError = rb_define_class_under(mAE, "MacOSError", rb_eStandardError);
+	
+	rb_define_attr(cMacOSError, "number", Qtrue, Qfalse);
+	rb_define_attr(cMacOSError, "description", Qtrue, Qfalse);
+	
+	rb_define_alias(cMacOSError, "to_i", "number");
+	
+	rb_define_method(cMacOSError, "to_s", rbAE_MacOSError_inspect, 0);
+	rb_define_method(cMacOSError, "inspect", rbAE_MacOSError_inspect, 0);
+
+	// Support functions
+	
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "find_application", rbAE_findApplication, 3);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "psn_for_application_path", rbAE_psnForApplicationPath, 1);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "psn_for_process_id", rbAE_psnForPID, 1);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "launch_application", rbAE_launchApplication, 3);
+	
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_path_to_url", 
+							  rbAE_convertPathToURL, 2);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_url_to_path", 
+							  rbAE_convertURLToPath, 2);
+
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_long_date_time_to_string", 
+							  rbAE_convertLongDateTimeToString, 1);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_string_to_long_date_time", 
+							  rbAE_convertStringToLongDateTime, 1);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_long_date_time_to_unix_seconds", 
+							  rbAE_convertLongDateTimeToUnixSeconds, 1);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_unix_seconds_to_long_date_time", 
+							  rbAE_convertUnixSecondsToLongDateTime, 1);
+							  
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "copy_scripting_definition", rbAE_OSACopyScriptingDefinition, 1);
+	
+	// Event handling
+	
+	upp_GenericEventHandler = NewAEEventHandlerUPP(rbAE_GenericEventHandler);
+	upp_GenericCoercionHandler = NewAECoerceDescUPP(rbAE_GenericCoercionHandler);
+	
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "install_event_handler", rbAE_AEInstallEventHandler, 3);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "remove_event_handler", rbAE_AERemoveEventHandler, 2);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "get_event_handler", rbAE_AEGetEventHandler, 2);
+	
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "install_coercion_handler", rbAE_AEInstallCoercionHandler, 3);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "remove_coercion_handler", rbAE_AERemoveCoercionHandler, 2);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "get_coercion_handler", rbAE_AEGetCoercionHandler, 2);
+	
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "transform_process_to_foreground_application", 
+							  rbAE_transformProcessToForegroundApplication, 0);
+}