rb-appscript 0.5.3 → 0.6.0

data/src/rbae.c

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
  * ae -- a low-level API providing a basic Ruby wrapper around the various 
  *    Apple Event Manager, Process Manager and Launch Services APIs used by aem
  *
- *  Copyright (C) 2006-2009 HAS. Released under MIT License.
- *
  *  Thanks to:
  *  - FUJIMOTO Hisakuni, author of RubyAEOSA
  *  - Jordan Breeding (64-bit support patch)
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ rbAE_wrapAEDesc(const AEDesc *desc)
 
 /*******/
 // Note: clients should not attempt to use retain/use borrowed AE::AEDesc instances after handler callbacks return,
-// as AEM will have disposed of the underlying AEDesc objects by then (TO DO: safety checking in AEDESC_OF?)
+// as AEM will have disposed of the underlying AEDesc objects by then
 
 static void
 rbAE_freeBorrowedAEDesc(struct rbAE_AEDescWrapper *p)
@@ -177,20 +175,43 @@ rbAE_AEDesc_newList(VALUE class, VALUE isRecord)
 
 
 static VALUE
-rbAE_AEDesc_newAppleEvent(VALUE class, VALUE eventClass, VALUE eventID, 
-		VALUE target, VALUE returnID, VALUE transactionID)
+rbAE_AEDesc_newAppleEvent(VALUE class, VALUE eventClassValue, VALUE eventIDValue, 
+		VALUE targetValue, VALUE returnIDValue, VALUE transactionIDValue)
 {
 	OSErr err = noErr;
-	AEDesc desc;
-	
-	err = AECreateAppleEvent(rbStringToDescType(eventClass), 
-							 rbStringToDescType(eventID),
-							 &(AEDESC_OF(target)),
-							 NUM2INT(returnID), 
-							 NUM2LONG(transactionID),
-							 &desc);
+	AEEventClass theAEEventClass = rbStringToDescType(eventClassValue);
+	AEEventID theAEEventID = rbStringToDescType(eventIDValue);
+	AEAddressDesc target = AEDESC_OF(targetValue);
+	AEReturnID returnID = NUM2INT(returnIDValue);
+	AETransactionID transactionID = NUM2LONG(transactionIDValue);
+	AppleEvent result;
+	
+	err = AECreateAppleEvent(theAEEventClass, 
+							 theAEEventID,
+							 &target,
+							 returnID, 
+							 transactionID,
+							 &result);
 	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AppleEvent.", err);
-	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&desc);
+	// workaround for return ID bug in 10.6
+	AEDesc returnIDDesc;
+	if (returnID == kAutoGenerateReturnID) {
+		err = AEGetAttributeDesc(&result, keyReturnIDAttr, typeSInt32, &returnIDDesc);
+		if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AppleEvent.", err);
+		err = AEGetDescData(&returnIDDesc, &returnID, sizeof(returnID));
+		if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AppleEvent.", err);
+		if (returnID == -1) {
+			AEDisposeDesc(&result);
+			err = AECreateAppleEvent(theAEEventClass,
+						  theAEEventID,
+						  &target,
+						  returnID,
+						  transactionID,
+						  &result);
+			if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create AppleEvent.", err);
+		}
+	}
+	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&result);
 }
 
 
@@ -358,7 +379,6 @@ rbAE_AEDesc_getItem(VALUE self, VALUE index, VALUE type)
 	AEKeyword key;
 	AEDesc desc;
 	
-	// TO DO: this gives bus error if typeAEList and index = 0 (should be OSErr -1701); why?
 	err = AEGetNthDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(self)),
 					   NUM2LONG(index),
 					   rbStringToDescType(type),
@@ -520,41 +540,18 @@ static VALUE
 rbAE_launchApplication(VALUE self, VALUE path, VALUE firstEvent, VALUE flags)
 {
 	FSRef appRef;
-#if !defined(__LP64__)
-	FSSpec appFSS;
-#endif
-	AEDesc paraDesc;
-	Size paraSize;
-	AppParametersPtr paraData;
 	ProcessSerialNumber psn;
-	LaunchParamBlockRec launchParams;
-	OSErr err = noErr;
+	OSStatus err = noErr;
 	
 	err = FSPathMakeRef((UInt8 *)StringValuePtr(path), &appRef, NULL);
-	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSRef for application.", err);
-#if !defined(__LP64__)
-	err = FSGetCatalogInfo(&appRef, kFSCatInfoNone, NULL, NULL, &appFSS, NULL);
-	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSSpec for application.", err);
-#endif
-	err = AECoerceDesc(&(AEDESC_OF(firstEvent)), typeAppParameters, &paraDesc);
-	paraSize = AEGetDescDataSize(&paraDesc);
-	paraData = (AppParametersPtr)NewPtr(paraSize);
-	if (paraData == NULL) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't make app parameters AEDesc.", memFullErr);
-	err = AEGetDescData(&paraDesc, paraData, paraSize);
-	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't get AEDesc data.", err);
-	launchParams.launchBlockID = extendedBlock;
-	launchParams.launchEPBLength = extendedBlockLen;
-	launchParams.launchFileFlags = 0;
-	launchParams.launchControlFlags = (LaunchFlags)NUM2UINT(flags);
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-	launchParams.launchAppRef = &appRef;
-#else
-	launchParams.launchAppSpec = &appFSS;
-#endif
-	launchParams.launchAppParameters = paraData;
-	err = LaunchApplication(&launchParams);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSRef for application.", err);
+	LSApplicationParameters appParams = {0, 
+										 (LSLaunchFlags)NUM2UINT(flags), 
+										 &appRef, 
+										 NULL, NULL, NULL, 
+										 &(AEDESC_OF(firstEvent))};
+	err = LSOpenApplication(&appParams, &psn);
 	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't launch application.", err);
-	psn = launchParams.launchProcessSN;
 	return rb_ary_new3(2, INT2NUM(psn.highLongOfPSN), INT2NUM(psn.lowLongOfPSN));
 }
 
@@ -615,6 +612,63 @@ rbAE_convertURLToPath(VALUE self, VALUE urlStr, VALUE pathStyle)
 /**********************************************************************/
 // Date conversion
 
+static VALUE
+rbAE_convertLongDateTimeToString(VALUE self, VALUE ldt)
+{
+	Boolean bErr;
+	OSStatus err = 0;
+	CFAbsoluteTime cfTime;
+	CFDateFormatterRef formatter;
+	CFStringRef str;
+	char buffer[20]; // size of format string + nul
+	
+	err = UCConvertLongDateTimeToCFAbsoluteTime(NUM2LL(ldt), &cfTime);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't convert LongDateTime to seconds.", err);
+	formatter = CFDateFormatterCreate(NULL, NULL,  kCFDateFormatterNoStyle,  kCFDateFormatterNoStyle);
+	if (!formatter) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create date formatter.", err);
+	CFDateFormatterSetFormat(formatter, CFSTR("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
+	str = CFDateFormatterCreateStringWithAbsoluteTime(NULL, formatter, cfTime);
+	CFRelease(formatter);
+	if (!str) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create date string.", err);
+	bErr = CFStringGetCString(str,
+							 buffer,
+							 sizeof(buffer),
+							 kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+	CFRelease(str);
+	if (!bErr) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Can't convert date string.");
+	return rb_str_new2(buffer);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+rbAE_convertStringToLongDateTime(VALUE self, VALUE datetime)
+{
+	CFStringRef str;
+	CFAbsoluteTime cfTime;
+	CFDateFormatterRef formatter;
+	OSStatus err = 0;
+	Boolean bErr;
+	SInt64 ldt;
+	
+	str = CFStringCreateWithBytes(NULL,
+								  (UInt8 *)(RSTRING_PTR(datetime)),
+								  (CFIndex)(RSTRING_LEN(datetime)),
+								  kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+								  false);
+	if (str == NULL || CFStringGetLength(str) != 19) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Bad datetime string.");
+	formatter = CFDateFormatterCreate(NULL, NULL,  kCFDateFormatterNoStyle,  kCFDateFormatterNoStyle);
+	if (!formatter) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't create date formatter.", err);
+	CFDateFormatterSetFormat(formatter, CFSTR("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
+	bErr = CFDateFormatterGetAbsoluteTimeFromString(formatter, str, NULL, &cfTime);
+	CFRelease(formatter);
+	CFRelease(str);
+	if (!bErr) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Can't convert date string.");
+	err = UCConvertCFAbsoluteTimeToLongDateTime(cfTime, &ldt);
+	if (err != noErr) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Can't convert seconds to LongDateTime.", err);
+	return LL2NUM(ldt);
+}
+
+
 static VALUE
 rbAE_convertLongDateTimeToUnixSeconds(VALUE self, VALUE ldt)
 {
@@ -643,37 +697,31 @@ rbAE_convertUnixSecondsToLongDateTime(VALUE self, VALUE secs)
 // Get aete
 
 static VALUE
-rbAE_OSAGetAppTerminology(VALUE self, VALUE path)
+rbAE_OSACopyScriptingDefinition(VALUE self, VALUE path)
 {
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-	rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "AE.get_app_terminology isn't available in 64-bit processes.\n");
-	return Qnil;
-#else
-	static ComponentInstance defaultComponent;
-	FSRef appRef;
-	FSSpec fss;
-	Boolean didLaunch;
-	AEDesc theDesc;
+	FSRef fsRef;
+	CFDataRef sdef;
+	CFIndex dataSize;
+	char *data;
+	VALUE res;
 	OSErr err = noErr;
 	
-	err = FSPathMakeRef((UInt8 *)StringValuePtr(path), &appRef, NULL);
-	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSRef.", err);
-	err = FSGetCatalogInfo(&appRef, kFSCatInfoNone, NULL, NULL, &fss, NULL);
-	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSSpec.", err);
-	if (!defaultComponent) {
-		defaultComponent = OpenDefaultComponent(kOSAComponentType, 'ascr');
-		err = GetComponentInstanceError(defaultComponent);
-		if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make default component instance.", err);
+	err = FSPathMakeRef((UInt8 *)StringValuePtr(path), &fsRef, NULL);
+	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't make FSRef for path.", err);
+	err = OSACopyScriptingDefinition(&fsRef, 0, &sdef);
+	if (err) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't get sdef.", err);
+	dataSize = CFDataGetLength(sdef);
+	data = (char *)CFDataGetBytePtr(sdef);
+	if (data != NULL) {
+		res = rb_str_new(data, dataSize);
+	} else {
+		data = malloc(dataSize);
+		CFDataGetBytes(sdef, CFRangeMake(0, dataSize), (UInt8 *)data);
+		res = rb_str_new(data, dataSize);
+		free(data);
 	}
-	err = OSAGetAppTerminology(defaultComponent, 
-							   kOSAModeNull,
-							   &fss, 
-							   0,
-							   &didLaunch, 
-							   &theDesc);
-	if (err != 0) rbAE_raiseMacOSError("Couldn't get aete resource.", err);
-	return rbAE_wrapAEDesc(&theDesc);
-#endif
+	CFRelease(sdef);
+	return res;
 }
 
 
@@ -682,8 +730,6 @@ rbAE_OSAGetAppTerminology(VALUE self, VALUE path)
 
 // Based on Python's CarbonX.AE extension
 
-// TO DO: make sure GC won't collect handler objects while they're installed as event/coercion handlers
-
 static pascal OSErr
 rbAE_GenericEventHandler(const AppleEvent *request, AppleEvent *reply, SRefCon refcon)
 {
@@ -754,8 +800,6 @@ rbAE_AEGetEventHandler(VALUE self, VALUE eventClass, VALUE eventID)
 /**********************************************************************/
 // Install coercion handlers
 
-// TO DO: make sure GC won't collect handler objects while they're installed as event/coercion handlers
-
 static pascal OSErr
 rbAE_GenericCoercionHandler(const AEDesc *fromDesc, DescType toType, SRefCon refcon, AEDesc *toDesc)
 {
@@ -835,29 +879,6 @@ rbAE_AEGetCoercionHandler(VALUE self, VALUE fromType, VALUE toType)
 		
 /**********************************************************************/
 // Process management
-
-static VALUE
-rbAE_RunApplicationEventLoop(VALUE self)
-{
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-	rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "AE.run_application_event_loop isn't available in 64-bit processes.\n");
-#else
-	RunApplicationEventLoop();
-#endif
-	return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-rbAE_QuitApplicationEventLoop(VALUE self)
-{
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-	rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "AE.quit_application_event_loop isn't available in 64-bit processes.\n");
-#else
-	QuitApplicationEventLoop();
-#endif
-	return Qnil;
-}
-
 static VALUE
 rbAE_transformProcessToForegroundApplication(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -929,12 +950,16 @@ Init_ae (void)
 	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_url_to_path", 
 							  rbAE_convertURLToPath, 2);
 
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_long_date_time_to_string", 
+							  rbAE_convertLongDateTimeToString, 1);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_string_to_long_date_time", 
+							  rbAE_convertStringToLongDateTime, 1);
 	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_long_date_time_to_unix_seconds", 
 							  rbAE_convertLongDateTimeToUnixSeconds, 1);
 	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "convert_unix_seconds_to_long_date_time", 
 							  rbAE_convertUnixSecondsToLongDateTime, 1);
 							  
-	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "get_app_terminology", rbAE_OSAGetAppTerminology, 1);
+	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "copy_scripting_definition", rbAE_OSACopyScriptingDefinition, 1);
 	
 	// Event handling
 	
@@ -949,8 +974,6 @@ Init_ae (void)
 	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "remove_coercion_handler", rbAE_AERemoveCoercionHandler, 2);
 	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "get_coercion_handler", rbAE_AEGetCoercionHandler, 2);
 	
-	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "run_application_event_loop", rbAE_RunApplicationEventLoop, 0);
-	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "quit_application_event_loop", rbAE_QuitApplicationEventLoop, 0);
 	rb_define_module_function(mAE, "transform_process_to_foreground_application", 
 							  rbAE_transformProcessToForegroundApplication, 0);
 }

data/test/test_appscriptcommands.rb

@@ -86,6 +86,20 @@ class TC_AppscriptCommands < Test::Unit::TestCase
 				d.text.get(:ignore=>[:diacriticals, :punctuation, :whitespace, :expansion], :timeout=>10))
 		assert_nil(d.get(:wait_reply=>false))
 		
+		
+		# test Ruby 1.9+ String Encoding support
+		version, sub_version = RUBY_VERSION.split('.').collect {|n| n.to_i} [0, 2]
+		if version >= 1 and sub_version >= 9
+			
+			print "(check Encoding support)"
+			s = "\302\251 M. Lef\303\250vre"
+			s.force_encoding('utf-8')
+			d.text.set(s)
+			assert_equal(s, d.text.get)
+		
+			@te.AS_app_data.use_ascii_8bit
+		end
+		
 		d.text.set("\302\251 M. Lef\303\250vre")
 		assert_equal("\302\251 M. Lef\303\250vre", d.text.get)
 		
@@ -131,7 +145,7 @@ class TC_AppscriptCommands < Test::Unit::TestCase
 		rescue Appscript::CommandError => e
 			assert_equal(-1728, e.to_i)
 			assert_equal("CommandError\n\t\tOSERROR: -1728\n\t\tMESSAGE: Can't get reference.\n\t\tOFFENDING OBJECT: app(\"/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app\").items[10000]\n\t\tCOMMAND: app(\"/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app\").items[10000].get()\n", e.to_s)
-			assert_instance_of(AEM::CommandError, e.real_error)
+			assert_instance_of(AEM::EventError, e.real_error)
 		end
 	end
 end

data/test/test_codecs.rb

@@ -89,14 +89,20 @@ class TC_Codecs < Test::Unit::TestCase
 	end
 	
 	def test_str
+		s = "\xc6\x92\xe2\x88\x82\xc2\xae\xd4\xb7\xd5\x96\xd4\xb9\xe0\xa8\x89\xe3\x82\xa2\xe3\x84\xbb"
+		# test Ruby 1.9+ String Encoding support
+		version, sub_version = RUBY_VERSION.split('.').collect {|n| n.to_i} [0, 2]
+		if version >= 1 and sub_version >= 9
+			s.force_encoding('utf-8')
+		end
+
 		[
 			# note: aem has to pack UTF8 data as typeUnicodeText (UTF16) as stupid apps expect that type and will error on typeUTF8Text instead of just asking AEM to coerce it to the desired type in advance.
 			# note: UTF16 BOM must be omitted when packing UTF16 data into typeUnicodeText AEDescs, as a BOM will upset stupid apps like iTunes 7 that don't recognise it as a BOM and treat it as character data instead
 			['', ''],
 			['hello', "\000h\000e\000l\000l\000o"],
-			["\xc6\x92\xe2\x88\x82\xc2\xae\xd4\xb7\xd5\x96\xd4\xb9\xe0\xa8\x89\xe3\x82\xa2\xe3\x84\xbb",
-				"\x01\x92\"\x02\x00\xae\x057\x05V\x059\n\t0\xa21;"],
-		].each do |val, data, type|
+			[s, "\x01\x92\"\x02\x00\xae\x057\x05V\x059\n\t0\xa21;"],
+		].each do |val, data|
 			data = ut16(data)
 			d = @c.pack(val)
 			assert_equal(KAE::TypeUnicodeText, d.type)
@@ -153,7 +159,7 @@ class TC_Codecs < Test::Unit::TestCase
 	end
 	
 	def test_hash
-		val = {'foo' => 1, AEM::AEType.new('foob') => 2, AEM::AEProp.new('barr') => 3} # TO DO: also need to test appscript codecs (in separate test) to check String, AEType and Symbol keys all pack and unpack correctly
+		val = {'foo' => 1, AEM::AEType.new('foob') => 2, AEM::AEProp.new('barr') => 3}
 		expected_val = {'foo' => 1, AEM::AEType.new('foob') => 2, AEM::AEType.new('barr') => 3} # note that four-char-code keys are always unpacked as AEType
 		d = @c.pack(val)
 		assert_equal(expected_val, @c.unpack(d))

metadata

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification 
 name: rb-appscript
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
-  version: 0.5.3
+  prerelease: false
+  segments: 
+  - 0
+  - 6
+  - 0
+  version: 0.6.0
 platform: ruby
-authors: 
-- HAS
+authors: []
+
 autorequire: 
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
 
-date: 2009-07-18 00:00:00 +01:00
+date: 2011-02-07 00:00:00 +00:00
 default_executable: 
 dependencies: []
 
@@ -23,19 +28,16 @@ extra_rdoc_files: []
 
 files: 
 - CHANGES
-- doc
-- doc/aem-manual
 - doc/aem-manual/01_introduction.html
 - doc/aem-manual/02_apioverview.html
 - doc/aem-manual/03_packingandunpackingdata.html
 - doc/aem-manual/04_references.html
-- doc/aem-manual/05_targettingapplications.html
+- doc/aem-manual/05_targetingapplications.html
 - doc/aem-manual/06_buildingandsendingevents.html
 - doc/aem-manual/07_findapp.html
 - doc/aem-manual/08_examples.html
 - doc/aem-manual/aemreferenceinheritance.gif
 - doc/aem-manual/index.html
-- doc/appscript-manual
 - doc/appscript-manual/01_introduction.html
 - doc/appscript-manual/02_aboutappscripting.html
 - doc/appscript-manual/03_quicktutorial.html
@@ -58,13 +60,11 @@ files:
 - doc/appscript-manual/ruby_to_itunes_event.gif
 - doc/full.css
 - doc/index.html
-- doc/mactypes-manual
 - doc/mactypes-manual/01_introduction.html
 - doc/mactypes-manual/02_aliasclass.html
 - doc/mactypes-manual/03_fileurlclass.html
 - doc/mactypes-manual/04_unitsclass.html
 - doc/mactypes-manual/index.html
-- doc/osax-manual
 - doc/osax-manual/01_introduction.html
 - doc/osax-manual/02_interface.html
 - doc/osax-manual/03_examples.html
@@ -72,10 +72,8 @@ files:
 - doc/osax-manual/index.html
 - doc/rb-appscript-logo.png
 - extconf.rb
-- LICENSE
 - rb-appscript.gemspec
 - README
-- sample
 - sample/AB_export_vcard.rb
 - sample/AB_list_people_with_emails.rb
 - sample/Add_iCal_event.rb
@@ -93,17 +91,14 @@ files:
 - sample/Simple_Finder_GUI_Scripting.rb
 - sample/Stagger_Finder_windows.rb
 - sample/TextEdit_demo.rb
-- src
-- src/lib
-- src/lib/_aem
 - src/lib/_aem/aemreference.rb
 - src/lib/_aem/codecs.rb
 - src/lib/_aem/connect.rb
+- src/lib/_aem/encodingsupport.rb
 - src/lib/_aem/findapp.rb
 - src/lib/_aem/mactypes.rb
 - src/lib/_aem/send.rb
 - src/lib/_aem/typewrappers.rb
-- src/lib/_appscript
 - src/lib/_appscript/defaultterminology.rb
 - src/lib/_appscript/referencerenderer.rb
 - src/lib/_appscript/reservedkeywords.rb
@@ -116,7 +111,6 @@ files:
 - src/rbae.c
 - src/SendThreadSafe.c
 - src/SendThreadSafe.h
-- test
 - test/README
 - test/test_aemreference.rb
 - test/test_appscriptcommands.rb
@@ -126,32 +120,38 @@ files:
 - test/test_mactypes.rb
 - test/test_osax.rb
 - test/testall.sh
-- TODO
-has_rdoc: false
-homepage: http://appscript.sourceforge.net/rb-appscript
+has_rdoc: true
+homepage: http://appscript.sourceforge.net/
+licenses: []
+
 post_install_message: 
 rdoc_options: []
 
 require_paths: 
 - lib
 required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement 
+  none: false
   requirements: 
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
+      segments: 
+      - 1
+      - 8
       version: "1.8"
-  version: 
 required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement 
+  none: false
   requirements: 
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
+      segments: 
+      - 0
       version: "0"
-  version: 
 requirements: []
 
 rubyforge_project: rb-appscript
-rubygems_version: 1.0.1
+rubygems_version: 1.3.7
 signing_key: 
-specification_version: 2
+specification_version: 3
 summary: Ruby appscript (rb-appscript) is a high-level, user-friendly Apple event bridge that allows you to control scriptable Mac OS X applications using ordinary Ruby scripts.
 test_files: 
 - test/test_aemreference.rb