ratomic 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

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data/CHANGELOG.md

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+## [Unreleased]
+
+## [0.2.0] - 2026-06-04
+
+- Drop Ruby 3.x support and require Ruby 4.
+- Add `length`, `size`, `peek`, and `empty?` methods to `Ratomic::Queue`.
+- Change `Ratomic::Pool` to use Ruby 4 `Ractor::Port` ownership transfer semantics, fixing the unsafe stale-reference behavior reported in [#5]
+(https://github.com/mperham/ratomic/issues/5).
+- Organize Ruby wrapper code by primitive.
+- Add primitive contract tests for `Counter`, `Map`, `Queue`, and `Pool`.
+- Add SimpleCov coverage reporting.
+- Undefine native typed-data default allocators to remove Ruby 4 warnings.
+
+## [0.1.0] - 2025-03-20
+
+- Initial release

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data/LICENSE.txt

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) Ilya Bylich
+Copyright (c) Contributed Systems LLC
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

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+# Ratomic
+
+Ratomic provides mutable data structures for use with Ruby's Ractors.
+This allows Ruby code to scale beyond the infamous GVL.
+
+# HELP WANTED!
+
+> If you know Rust and Ruby C-extensions, we need your help!
+> This project is brand new and could use your knowledge!
+> If you don't know Rust or C, consider this a challenge to learn and solve.
+> Read through the [issues](//github.com/mperham/ratomic/issues) to find work that sounds interesting to you.
+
+## How to contribute
+
+Please make sure to understand our [Code of Conduct](./CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
+
+After changing code, you can give it a spin with:
+
+```bash
+rake
+```
+
+This should compile the Rust code and run all tests.
+The test suite writes a SimpleCov report to `coverage/index.html` so you can see which Ruby wrapper paths are covered.
+
+## Installation
+
+Install the gem and add to the application's Gemfile by executing:
+
+```bash
+bundle add ratomic
+```
+
+TODO: We have not released a gem yet.
+
+## Usage
+
+Ratomic provides several useful Ractor-safe structures.
+Note the APIs available are frequently very limited compared to Ruby's broad API.
+
+These structures are designed for use as class-level constants so they can be shared by numerous Ractors.
+
+Ratomic has two different safety models:
+
+* `Counter`, `Map`, and `Queue` are shared concurrent structures.
+* `Pool` transfers ownership of mutable objects between Ractors.
+
+That distinction matters. A mutable pooled object is not shared by multiple Ractors at the same time. It is moved to the caller on checkout and moved back to the pool on checkin.
+
+### `Ratomic::Counter`
+
+```ruby
+c = Ratomic::Counter.new
+c.read # => 0
+c.inc
+c.inc(5)
+c.dec(1)
+c.dec
+c.read # => 4
+c.to_i # => 4
+c.zero? # => false
+```
+
+### `Ratomic::Pool`
+
+A Ractor-safe object pool:
+
+```ruby
+POOL = Ratomic::Pool.new(5, 1.0) { [] }
+POOL.with do |obj|
+  # do something with obj
+  obj << "work"
+end
+```
+
+`Pool` is an ownership-transfer pool for mutable Ruby objects. It uses Ruby 4's `Ractor::Port` and `move: true` semantics so only one Ractor owns a checked-out object at a time.
+
+This design addresses [issue #5](https://github.com/mperham/ratomic/issues/5), where using a pooled object after `with` could lead to memory corruption or a process crash. The fix is Rust-inspired ownership transfer, not Rust's full borrow checker: Ruby enforces the boundary dynamically at runtime through Ractor move semantics, while Rust enforces ownership and borrowing statically at compile time.
+
+In that model:
+
+* the Rust owner maps to the Ractor that currently checked out the pooled object
+* the Rust move maps to `Ractor::Port#send(..., move: true)`
+* Rust's "cannot use after move" rule maps to Ruby raising `Ractor::MovedError`
+* borrowing is not modeled; `Pool` transfers ownership instead of lending references
+
+When an object is checked out:
+
+* the pool moves the object to the caller
+* the caller can mutate the object while it owns it
+* the pool cannot hand that object to another Ractor until it is checked in
+
+When an object is checked in:
+
+* ownership moves back to the pool
+* stale references held by the caller become moved objects
+* using those stale references raises `Ractor::MovedError`
+
+This means incorrect usage fails at the Ruby object-ownership boundary rather than allowing two Ractors to mutate the same object concurrently.
+
+```ruby
+outside = nil
+
+POOL.with do |obj|
+  outside = obj
+  obj << "inside"
+end
+
+outside << "outside"
+# raises Ractor::MovedError
+```
+
+The lower-level `Ratomic::FixedSizeObjectPool` native class may still exist, but `Ratomic::Pool` does not inherit from it. The public `Pool` API is implemented in Ruby so it can use Ruby's Ractor ownership primitives directly.
+
+Manual checkout/checkin is also supported:
+
+```ruby
+obj = POOL.checkout
+raise "pool checkout timeout" if obj.nil?
+
+begin
+  obj << "manual work"
+ensure
+  POOL.checkin(obj) if obj
+end
+```
+
+`checkout` returns `nil` if no pooled object becomes available before the configured timeout. `with` raises `Ratomic::Error` in that case.
+
+### `Ratomic::Map`
+
+A Ractor-safe map/hash structure:
+
+```ruby
+HASH = Ratomic::Map.new
+HASH["mike"] = 123
+HASH["mike"] # => 123
+HASH.fetch_and_modify("mike") { |value| value + 1 }
+HASH.length
+HASH.empty?
+HASH.clear
+```
+
+### `Ratomic::Queue`
+
+A multi-producer, multi-consumer queue.
+
+```ruby
+q = Ratomic::Queue.new(128)
+
+q.push("hello")
+q << "world"
+
+q.size     # => 2
+q.empty?   # => false
+q.peek     # => "hello"
+item = q.pop # => "hello"
+item = q.pop # => "world"
+q.empty?   # => true
+```
+The `.new(capacity)` method initializes the queue with a fixed-size buffer. The capacity must be greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2<sup>20</sup>.
+
+Values that are not a power of two are rounded up to the nearest greater power of two, which enables efficient indexing and wrap-around calculations in the underlying buffer.
+
+Since `Ratomic::Queue` is a concurrent queue, the `size`, `empty?`, and `peek` methods provide only a best-effort guess — the values they return might be stale or incorrect.
+
+## Thanks
+
+[Ilya Bylich](https://github.com/iliabylich) wrote and documented his original research at [Ruby, Ractors, and Lock-free Data Structures/](https://iliabylich.github.io/ruby-ractors-and-lock-free-data-structures/).
+Thank you for your impressive work, Ilya!
+
+This repo is further research into the usability and limitations of Ractor-friendly structures in Ruby code and gems.
+
+## License
+
+[MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).

data/ext/ratomic/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[package]
+name = "ratomic"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+publish = false
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[features]
+simulation = []
+
+[dependencies]
+crossbeam-channel = "0.5.14"
+dashmap = "6.1.0"
+libc = "0.2.170"
+magnus = "0.8.2"
+parking_lot = "0.12.3"
+rb-sys = { version = "0.9.128", features = ["stable-api-compiled-fallback"] }
+
+[build-dependencies]
+rb-sys-env = "0.2.2"

data/ext/ratomic/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+fn main() {
+    rb_sys_env::activate().expect("rb-sys environment activation failed");
+}

data/ext/ratomic/extconf.rb

@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "mkmf"
+require "rb_sys/mkmf"
 
-# Makes all symbols private by default to avoid unintended conflict
-# with other gems. To explicitly export symbols you can use RUBY_FUNC_EXPORTED
-# selectively, or entirely remove this flag.
-append_cflags("-fvisibility=hidden")
-
-rust_atomics_path = File.expand_path("../../../rs", __FILE__)
-# rubocop:disable Style/GlobalVars
-$INCFLAGS << " -I#{rust_atomics_path}"
-$LDFLAGS << " -L#{rust_atomics_path}/target/release -lrust_atomics"
-# rubocop:enable Style/GlobalVars
-
-create_makefile("ratomic/ratomic")
+create_rust_makefile("ratomic/ratomic")

data/ext/ratomic/src/counter.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct AtomicCounter {
+    value: AtomicU64,
+}
+
+impl AtomicCounter {
+    pub fn new(n: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value: AtomicU64::new(n),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn inc(&self, amt: u64) {
+        self.value.fetch_add(amt, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    pub fn dec(&self, amt: u64) {
+        self.value.fetch_sub(amt, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+
+    pub fn read(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.value.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+}