railties 7.0.10 → 7.1.0.beta1

data/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "active_support/core_ext/time/conversions"
-require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
 require "active_support/log_subscriber"
 require "rack/body_proxy"
 
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ module Rails
         request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env)
 
         if logger.respond_to?(:tagged)
-          logger.tagged(compute_tags(request)) { call_app(request, env) }
+          logger.tagged(*compute_tags(request)) { call_app(request, env) }
         else
           call_app(request, env)
         end
@@ -31,17 +30,21 @@ module Rails
       private
         def call_app(request, env) # :doc:
           instrumenter = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter
-          instrumenter_state = instrumenter.start "request.action_dispatch", request: request
-          instrumenter_finish = -> () {
-            instrumenter.finish_with_state(instrumenter_state, "request.action_dispatch", request: request)
-          }
+          handle = instrumenter.build_handle("request.action_dispatch", { request: request })
+          handle.start
 
           logger.info { started_request_message(request) }
-          status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
-          body = ::Rack::BodyProxy.new(body, &instrumenter_finish)
-          [status, headers, body]
+          status, headers, body = response = @app.call(env)
+          body = ::Rack::BodyProxy.new(body, &handle.method(:finish))
+
+          if response.frozen?
+            [status, headers, body]
+          else
+            response[2] = body
+            response
+          end
         rescue Exception
-          instrumenter_finish.call
+          handle.finish
           raise
         ensure
           ActiveSupport::LogSubscriber.flush_all!
@@ -49,11 +52,11 @@ module Rails
 
         # Started GET "/session/new" for 127.0.0.1 at 2012-09-26 14:51:42 -0700
         def started_request_message(request) # :doc:
-          'Started %s "%s" for %s at %s' % [
+          sprintf('Started %s "%s" for %s at %s',
             request.raw_request_method,
             request.filtered_path,
             request.remote_ip,
-            Time.now.to_default_s ]
+            Time.now)
         end
 
         def compute_tags(request) # :doc:

data/lib/rails/rackup/server.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# :enddoc:
+
+module Rails
+  module Rackup
+    begin
+      require "rackup/server"
+      Server = ::Rackup::Server
+    rescue LoadError
+      require "rack/server"
+      Server = ::Rack::Server
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb

@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ module Rails
         ActiveSupport.on_load(:after_initialize, yield: true, &block)
       end
 
+      # Called after application routes have been loaded.
+      def after_routes_loaded(&block)
+        ActiveSupport.on_load(:after_routes_loaded, yield: true, &block)
+      end
+
       # Array of callbacks defined by #to_prepare.
       def to_prepare_blocks
         @@to_prepare_blocks ||= []
@@ -87,9 +92,17 @@ module Rails
       end
 
     private
+      def actual_method?(key)
+        !@@options.key?(key) && respond_to?(key)
+      end
+
       def method_missing(name, *args, &blk)
         if name.end_with?("=")
-          @@options[:"#{name[0..-2]}"] = args.first
+          key = name[0..-2].to_sym
+          if actual_method?(key)
+            raise NoMethodError.new("Cannot assign to `#{key}`, it is a configuration method")
+          end
+          @@options[key] = args.first
         elsif @@options.key?(name)
           @@options[name]
         else

data/lib/rails/railtie.rb

@@ -7,34 +7,34 @@ require "active_support/core_ext/module/introspection"
 require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 
 module Rails
-  # <tt>Rails::Railtie</tt> is the core of the Rails framework and provides
-  # several hooks to extend Rails and/or modify the initialization process.
+  # +Rails::Railtie+ is the core of the \Rails framework and provides
+  # several hooks to extend \Rails and/or modify the initialization process.
   #
-  # Every major component of Rails (Action Mailer, Action Controller, Active
+  # Every major component of \Rails (Action Mailer, Action Controller, Active
   # Record, etc.) implements a railtie. Each of them is responsible for their
-  # own initialization. This makes Rails itself absent of any component hooks,
-  # allowing other components to be used in place of any of the Rails defaults.
+  # own initialization. This makes \Rails itself absent of any component hooks,
+  # allowing other components to be used in place of any of the \Rails defaults.
   #
-  # Developing a Rails extension does _not_ require implementing a railtie, but
-  # if you need to interact with the Rails framework during or after boot, then
+  # Developing a \Rails extension does _not_ require implementing a railtie, but
+  # if you need to interact with the \Rails framework during or after boot, then
   # a railtie is needed.
   #
   # For example, an extension doing any of the following would need a railtie:
   #
   # * creating initializers
-  # * configuring a Rails framework for the application, like setting a generator
+  # * configuring a \Rails framework for the application, like setting a generator
   # * adding <tt>config.*</tt> keys to the environment
   # * setting up a subscriber with ActiveSupport::Notifications
   # * adding Rake tasks
   #
   # == Creating a Railtie
   #
-  # To extend Rails using a railtie, create a subclass of <tt>Rails::Railtie</tt>.
-  # This class must be loaded during the Rails boot process, and is conventionally
-  # called <tt>MyNamespace::Railtie</tt>.
+  # To extend \Rails using a railtie, create a subclass of +Rails::Railtie+.
+  # This class must be loaded during the \Rails boot process, and is conventionally
+  # called +MyNamespace::Railtie+.
   #
   # The following example demonstrates an extension which can be used with or
-  # without Rails.
+  # without \Rails.
   #
   #   # lib/my_gem/railtie.rb
   #   module MyGem
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ module Rails
   #
   # == Initializers
   #
-  # To add an initialization step to the Rails boot process from your railtie, just
+  # To add an initialization step to the \Rails boot process from your railtie, just
   # define the initialization code with the +initializer+ macro:
   #
   #   class MyRailtie < Rails::Railtie
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ module Rails
   #
   # == Loading Rake Tasks and Generators
   #
-  # If your railtie has Rake tasks, you can tell Rails to load them through the method
+  # If your railtie has Rake tasks, you can tell \Rails to load them through the method
   # +rake_tasks+:
   #
   #   class MyRailtie < Rails::Railtie
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ module Rails
   #     end
   #   end
   #
-  # By default, Rails loads generators from your load path. However, if you want to place
+  # By default, \Rails loads generators from your load path. However, if you want to place
   # your generators at a different location, you can specify in your railtie a block which
   # will load them during normal generators lookup:
   #
@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ module Rails
   # Since filenames on the load path are shared across gems, be sure that files you load
   # through a railtie have unique names.
   #
-  # == Run another program when the Rails server starts
+  # == Run another program when the \Rails server starts
   #
-  # In development, it's very usual to have to run another process next to the Rails Server. In example
+  # In development, it's very usual to have to run another process next to the \Rails Server. In example
   # you might want to start the Webpack or React server. Or maybe you need to run your job scheduler process
   # like Sidekiq. This is usually done by opening a new shell and running the program from here.
   #
-  # Rails allow you to specify a +server+ block which will get called when a Rails server starts.
+  # \Rails allow you to specify a +server+ block which will get called when a \Rails server starts.
   # This way, your users don't need to remember to have to open a new shell and run another program, making
   # this less confusing for everyone.
   # It can be used like this:

data/lib/rails/ruby_version_check.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+# :stopdoc:
+
 if Gem::Version.new(RUBY_VERSION) < Gem::Version.new("2.7.0") && RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby"
   desc = defined?(RUBY_DESCRIPTION) ? RUBY_DESCRIPTION : "ruby #{RUBY_VERSION} (#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE})"
   abort <<-end_message

data/lib/rails/source_annotation_extractor.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+require "ripper"
+
 module Rails
-  # Implements the logic behind <tt>Rails::Command::NotesCommand</tt>. See <tt>rails notes --help</tt> for usage information.
+  # Implements the logic behind +Rails::Command::NotesCommand+. See <tt>rails notes --help</tt> for usage information.
   #
   # Annotation objects are triplets <tt>:line</tt>, <tt>:tag</tt>, <tt>:text</tt> that
   # represent the line where the annotation lives, its tag, and its text. Note
@@ -11,6 +13,44 @@ module Rails
   # start with the tag optionally followed by a colon. Everything up to the end
   # of the line (or closing ERB comment tag) is considered to be their text.
   class SourceAnnotationExtractor
+    # Wraps a regular expression that will be tested against each of the source
+    # file's comments.
+    class ParserExtractor < Struct.new(:pattern)
+      class Parser < Ripper
+        attr_reader :comments, :pattern
+
+        def initialize(source, pattern:)
+          super(source)
+          @pattern = pattern
+          @comments = []
+        end
+
+        def on_comment(value)
+          @comments << Annotation.new(lineno, $1, $2) if value =~ pattern
+        end
+      end
+
+      def annotations(file)
+        contents = File.read(file, encoding: Encoding::BINARY)
+        parser = Parser.new(contents, pattern: pattern).tap(&:parse)
+        parser.error? ? [] : parser.comments
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Wraps a regular expression that will iterate through a file's lines and
+    # test each one for the given pattern.
+    class PatternExtractor < Struct.new(:pattern)
+      def annotations(file)
+        lineno = 0
+
+        File.readlines(file, encoding: Encoding::BINARY).inject([]) do |list, line|
+          lineno += 1
+          next list unless line =~ pattern
+          list << Annotation.new(lineno, $1, $2)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     class Annotation < Struct.new(:line, :tag, :text)
       def self.directories
         @@directories ||= %w(app config db lib test)
@@ -42,9 +82,21 @@ module Rails
         extensions[/\.(#{exts.join("|")})$/] = block
       end
 
-      register_extensions("builder", "rb", "rake", "yml", "yaml", "ruby") { |tag| /#\s*(#{tag}):?\s*(.*)$/ }
-      register_extensions("css", "js") { |tag| /\/\/\s*(#{tag}):?\s*(.*)$/ }
-      register_extensions("erb") { |tag| /<%\s*#\s*(#{tag}):?\s*(.*?)\s*%>/ }
+      register_extensions("builder", "rb", "rake", "ruby") do |tag|
+        ParserExtractor.new(/#\s*(#{tag}):?\s*(.*)$/)
+      end
+
+      register_extensions("yml", "yaml") do |tag|
+        PatternExtractor.new(/#\s*(#{tag}):?\s*(.*)$/)
+      end
+
+      register_extensions("css", "js") do |tag|
+        PatternExtractor.new(/\/\/\s*(#{tag}):?\s*(.*)$/)
+      end
+
+      register_extensions("erb") do |tag|
+        PatternExtractor.new(/<%\s*#\s*(#{tag}):?\s*(.*?)\s*%>/)
+      end
 
       # Returns a representation of the annotation that looks like this:
       #
@@ -111,7 +163,17 @@ module Rails
 
           if extension
             pattern = extension.last.call(tag)
-            results.update(extract_annotations_from(item, pattern)) if pattern
+
+            # In case a user-defined pattern returns nothing for the given set
+            # of tags, we exit early.
+            next unless pattern
+
+            # If a user-defined pattern returns a regular expression, we will
+            # wrap it in a PatternExtractor to keep the same API.
+            pattern = PatternExtractor.new(pattern) if pattern.is_a?(Regexp)
+
+            annotations = pattern.annotations(item)
+            results.update(item => annotations) if annotations.any?
           end
         end
       end
@@ -119,19 +181,6 @@ module Rails
       results
     end
 
-    # If +file+ is the filename of a file that contains annotations this method returns
-    # a hash with a single entry that maps +file+ to an array of its annotations.
-    # Otherwise it returns an empty hash.
-    def extract_annotations_from(file, pattern)
-      lineno = 0
-      result = File.readlines(file, encoding: Encoding::BINARY).inject([]) do |list, line|
-        lineno += 1
-        next list unless line =~ pattern
-        list << Annotation.new(lineno, $1, $2)
-      end
-      result.empty? ? {} : { file => result }
-    end
-
     # Prints the mapping from filenames to annotations in +results+ ordered by filename.
     # The +options+ hash is passed to each annotation's +to_s+.
     def display(results, options = {})

data/lib/rails/tasks/engine.rake

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ task "load_app" do
   task environment: "app:environment"
 
   if !defined?(ENGINE_ROOT) || !ENGINE_ROOT
-    ENGINE_ROOT = find_engine_path(APP_RAKEFILE)
+    ENGINE_ROOT = find_engine_path(Pathname.new(APP_RAKEFILE))
   end
 end
 
@@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ namespace :db do
   app_task "create"
   app_task "create:all"
 
-  desc "Drops the database for the current Rails.env (use db:drop:all to drop all databases)"
+  desc "Drop the database for the current Rails.env (use db:drop:all to drop all databases)"
   app_task "drop"
   app_task "drop:all"
 
   desc "Load fixtures into the current environment's database."
   app_task "fixtures:load"
 
-  desc "Rolls the schema back to the previous version (specify steps w/ STEP=n)."
+  desc "Roll the schema back to the previous version (specify steps w/ STEP=n)."
   app_task "rollback"
 
-  desc "Creates a database schema file (either db/schema.rb or db/structure.sql, depending on `config.active_record.schema_format`)"
+  desc "Create a database schema file (either db/schema.rb or db/structure.sql, depending on `config.active_record.schema_format`)"
   app_task "schema:dump"
 
   desc "Load a schema.rb file into the database"
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace :db do
   desc "Create the database, load the schema, and initialize with the seed data (use db:reset to also drop the database first)"
   app_task "setup"
 
-  desc "Retrieves the current schema version number"
+  desc "Retrieve the current schema version number"
   app_task "version"
 
   # desc 'Load the test schema'
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ namespace :db do
 end
 
 def find_engine_path(path)
-  return File.expand_path(Dir.pwd) if path == "/"
+  return File.expand_path(Dir.pwd) if path.root?
 
   if Rails::Engine.find(path)
-    path
+    path.to_s
   else
-    find_engine_path(File.expand_path("..", path))
+    find_engine_path(path.join(".."))
   end
 end
 

data/lib/rails/tasks/framework.rake

@@ -2,17 +2,15 @@
 
 namespace :app do
   desc "Update configs and some other initially generated files (or use just update:configs or update:bin)"
-  task update: [ "update:configs", "update:bin", "update:db", "update:active_storage", "update:upgrade_guide_info" ]
+  task update: [ "update:configs", "update:bin", "update:active_storage", "update:upgrade_guide_info" ]
 
-  desc "Applies the template supplied by LOCATION=(/path/to/template) or URL"
+  desc "Apply the template supplied by LOCATION=(/path/to/template) or URL"
   task template: :environment do
     template = ENV["LOCATION"]
     raise "No LOCATION value given. Please set LOCATION either as path to a file or a URL" if template.blank?
-    template = File.expand_path(template) unless %r{\A[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+\-.]*://}.match?(template)
     require "rails/generators"
     require "rails/generators/rails/app/app_generator"
-    generator = Rails::Generators::AppGenerator.new [Rails.root], {}, { destination_root: Rails.root }
-    generator.apply template, verbose: false
+    Rails::Generators::AppGenerator.apply_rails_template(template, Rails.root)
   end
 
   namespace :templates do
@@ -46,15 +44,11 @@ namespace :app do
       Rails::AppUpdater.invoke_from_app_generator :update_config_files
     end
 
-    # desc "Adds new executables to the application bin/ directory"
+    # desc "Add new executables to the application bin/ directory"
     task :bin do
       Rails::AppUpdater.invoke_from_app_generator :update_bin_files
     end
 
-    task :db do
-      Rails::AppUpdater.invoke_from_app_generator :update_db_schema
-    end
-
     task :active_storage do
       Rails::AppUpdater.invoke_from_app_generator :update_active_storage
     end

data/lib/rails/tasks/log.rake

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace :log do
   #   - defaults to all environments log files i.e. 'development,test,production'
   #   - ENV['LOGS']=all truncates all files i.e. log/*.log
   #   - ENV['LOGS']='test,development' truncates only specified files
-  desc "Truncates all/specified *.log files in log/ to zero bytes (specify which logs with LOGS=test,development)"
+  desc "Truncate all/specified *.log files in log/ to zero bytes (specify which logs with LOGS=test,development)"
   task :clear do
     log_files.each do |file|
       clear_log_file(file)

data/lib/rails/tasks/misc.rake

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-desc "Generate a cryptographically secure secret key (this is typically used to generate a secret for cookie sessions)."
-task :secret do
-  require "securerandom"
-  puts SecureRandom.hex(64)
-end
-
-desc "List versions of all Rails frameworks and the environment"
-task about: :environment do
-  puts Rails::Info
-end
-
 namespace :time do
   desc "List all time zones, list by two-letter country code (`bin/rails time:zones[US]`), or list by UTC offset (`bin/rails time:zones[-8]`)"
   task :zones, :country_or_offset do |t, args|
@@ -28,17 +17,17 @@ namespace :time do
   end
 
   namespace :zones do
-    # desc 'Displays all time zones, also available: time:zones:us, time:zones:local -- filter with OFFSET parameter, e.g., OFFSET=-6'
+    # desc 'Display all time zones, also available: time:zones:us, time:zones:local -- filter with OFFSET parameter, e.g., OFFSET=-6'
     task :all do
       build_time_zone_list ActiveSupport::TimeZone.all
     end
 
-    # desc 'Displays names of US time zones recognized by the Rails TimeZone class, grouped by offset. Results can be filtered with optional OFFSET parameter, e.g., OFFSET=-6'
+    # desc 'Display names of US time zones recognized by the Rails TimeZone class, grouped by offset. Results can be filtered with optional OFFSET parameter, e.g., OFFSET=-6'
     task :us do
       build_time_zone_list ActiveSupport::TimeZone.us_zones
     end
 
-    # desc 'Displays names of time zones recognized by the Rails TimeZone class with the same offset as the system local time'
+    # desc 'Display names of time zones recognized by the Rails TimeZone class with the same offset as the system local time'
     task :local do
       require "active_support"
       require "active_support/time"

data/lib/rails/tasks/statistics.rake

@@ -26,12 +26,13 @@ STATS_DIRECTORIES ||= [
   %w(Channel\ tests     test/channels),
   %w(Integration\ tests test/integration),
   %w(System\ tests      test/system),
-].collect do |name, dir|
-  [ name, "#{File.dirname(Rake.application.rakefile_location)}/#{dir}" ]
-end.select { |name, dir| File.directory?(dir) }
+]
 
 desc "Report code statistics (KLOCs, etc) from the application or engine"
 task :stats do
   require "rails/code_statistics"
-  CodeStatistics.new(*STATS_DIRECTORIES).to_s
+  stat_directories = STATS_DIRECTORIES.collect do |name, dir|
+    [ name, "#{File.dirname(Rake.application.rakefile_location)}/#{dir}" ]
+  end.select { |name, dir| File.directory?(dir) }
+  CodeStatistics.new(*stat_directories).to_s
 end

data/lib/rails/tasks/tmp.rake

@@ -11,32 +11,32 @@ namespace :tmp do
 
   tmp_dirs.each { |d| directory d }
 
-  desc "Creates tmp directories for cache, sockets, and pids"
+  desc "Create tmp directories for cache, sockets, and pids"
   task create: tmp_dirs
 
   namespace :cache do
-    # desc "Clears all files and directories in tmp/cache"
+    # desc "Clear all files and directories in tmp/cache"
     task :clear do
       rm_rf Dir["tmp/cache/[^.]*"], verbose: false
     end
   end
 
   namespace :sockets do
-    # desc "Clears all files in tmp/sockets"
+    # desc "Clear all files in tmp/sockets"
     task :clear do
       rm Dir["tmp/sockets/[^.]*"], verbose: false
     end
   end
 
   namespace :pids do
-    # desc "Clears all files in tmp/pids"
+    # desc "Clear all files in tmp/pids"
     task :clear do
       rm Dir["tmp/pids/[^.]*"], verbose: false
     end
   end
 
   namespace :screenshots do
-    # desc "Clears all files in tmp/screenshots"
+    # desc "Clear all files in tmp/screenshots"
     task :clear do
       rm Dir["tmp/screenshots/[^.]*"], verbose: false
     end

data/lib/rails/tasks/zeitwerk.rake

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ report = ->(not_checked) do
 end
 
 namespace :zeitwerk do
-  desc "Checks project structure for Zeitwerk compatibility"
+  desc "Check project structure for Zeitwerk compatibility"
   task check: :environment do
     begin
       eager_load[]

data/lib/rails/tasks.rb

@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ require "rake"
 %w(
   framework
   log
-  middleware
   misc
-  restart
   tmp
   yarn
   zeitwerk

data/lib/rails/templates/rails/mailers/email.html.erb

@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@
       <dd id="cc"><%= @email.header['cc'] %></dd>
     <% end %>
 
+    <% if @email.bcc %>
+      <dt>BCC:</dt>
+      <dd id="bcc"><%= @email.header['bcc'] %></dd>
+    <% end %>
+
     <dt>Date:</dt>
     <dd id="date"><%= Time.current.rfc2822 %></dd>
 
@@ -120,6 +125,26 @@
         </select>
       </dd>
     <% end %>
+
+    <% unless @email.header_fields.nil? || @email.header_fields.empty? %>
+      <dt>Headers:</dt>
+      <dd>
+        <details>
+          <summary>Show all headers</summary>
+          <table>
+          <% @email.header_fields.each do |field| %>
+            <tr>
+              <td align="right" style="color: #7f7f7f"><%= field.name %>:</td>
+              <td><%= field.value %></td>
+            </tr>
+          <% end %>
+          </table>
+        </details>
+      </dd>
+    <% end %>
+
+    <dt>EML File:</dt>
+    <dd><%= link_to "Download", action: :download %></dd>
   </dl>
 </header>
 

data/lib/rails/templates/rails/mailers/index.html.erb

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
-<% @previews.each do |preview| %>
-<h3><%= link_to preview.preview_name.titleize, url_for(controller: "rails/mailers", action: "preview", path: preview.preview_name) %></h3>
-<ul>
-<% preview.emails.each do |email| %>
-<li><%= link_to email, url_for(controller: "rails/mailers", action: "preview", path: "#{preview.preview_name}/#{email}") %></li>
-<% end %>
-</ul>
+<h1><%= @page_title %></h1>
+
+<% if @previews.any? %>
+  <% @previews.each do |preview| %>
+  <h3><%= link_to preview.preview_name.titleize, url_for(controller: "rails/mailers", action: "preview", path: preview.preview_name) %></h3>
+  <ul>
+  <% preview.emails.each do |email| %>
+  <li><%= link_to email, url_for(controller: "rails/mailers", action: "preview", path: "#{preview.preview_name}/#{email}") %></li>
+  <% end %>
+  </ul>
+  <% end %>
+<% else %>
+  <p>You have not defined any Action Mailer Previews.</p>
+  <p>Read <%= link_to "Action Mailer Basics", "https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html#previewing-emails" %> to learn how to define your first.</p>
 <% end %>

data/lib/rails/templates/rails/mailers/mailer.html.erb

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
-<h3><%= @preview.preview_name.titleize %></h3>
-<ul>
-<% @preview.emails.each do |email| %>
-<li><%= link_to email, url_for(controller: "rails/mailers", action: "preview", path: "#{@preview.preview_name}/#{email}") %></li>
+<h1><%= @page_title %></h1>
+
+<% if @preview.emails.any? %>
+  <ul>
+  <% @preview.emails.each do |email| %>
+  <li><%= link_to email, url_for(controller: "rails/mailers", action: "preview", path: "#{@preview.preview_name}/#{email}") %></li>
+  <% end %>
+  </ul>
+<% else %>
+  <p>You have not defined any actions for <%= @preview %>.</p>
+  <p>Read <%= link_to "Action Mailer Basics", "https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html#previewing-emails" %> to learn how to define your first.</p>
 <% end %>
-</ul>

data/lib/rails/templates/rails/welcome/index.html.erb

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
       border-radius: 100%;
       display: flex;
       transition: background 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.33, 1, 0.68, 1);
+      filter: drop-shadow(0 20px 13px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.03)) drop-shadow(0 8px 5px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.08));
     }
 
     nav a:hover {