rails_modular_admin 0.3.1 → 0.4.0

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Files changed (1416) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +4 -4
  2. data/app/assets/javascripts/list.txt +23 -0
  3. data/app/assets/javascripts/rails_modular_admin/vendor.js +60351 -60351
  4. data/app/assets/javascripts/rails_modular_admin.js +1 -0
  5. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/LICENSE +21 -0
  6. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/README.md +233 -0
  7. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/animate-config.json +120 -0
  8. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/animate.css +3494 -0
  9. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/animate.min.css +11 -0
  10. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/bower.json +5 -0
  11. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/gulpfile.js +107 -0
  12. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/package.json +54 -0
  13. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/_base.css +8 -0
  14. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/bounce.css +30 -0
  15. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/flash.css +16 -0
  16. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/headShake.css +30 -0
  17. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/jello.css +40 -0
  18. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/pulse.css +19 -0
  19. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/rubberBand.css +33 -0
  20. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/shake.css +25 -0
  21. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/swing.css +26 -0
  22. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/tada.css +31 -0
  23. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/attention_seekers/wobble.css +35 -0
  24. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_entrances/bounceIn.css +42 -0
  25. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_entrances/bounceInDown.css +35 -0
  26. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_entrances/bounceInLeft.css +35 -0
  27. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_entrances/bounceInRight.css +35 -0
  28. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_entrances/bounceInUp.css +35 -0
  29. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_exits/bounceOut.css +21 -0
  30. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_exits/bounceOutDown.css +20 -0
  31. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_exits/bounceOutLeft.css +15 -0
  32. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_exits/bounceOutRight.css +15 -0
  33. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/bouncing_exits/bounceOutUp.css +20 -0
  34. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeIn.css +13 -0
  35. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeInDown.css +15 -0
  36. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeInDownBig.css +15 -0
  37. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeInLeft.css +15 -0
  38. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeInLeftBig.css +15 -0
  39. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeInRight.css +15 -0
  40. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeInRightBig.css +15 -0
  41. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeInUp.css +15 -0
  42. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_entrances/fadeInUpBig.css +15 -0
  43. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOut.css +13 -0
  44. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOutDown.css +14 -0
  45. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOutDownBig.css +14 -0
  46. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOutLeft.css +14 -0
  47. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOutLeftBig.css +14 -0
  48. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOutRight.css +14 -0
  49. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOutRightBig.css +14 -0
  50. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOutUp.css +14 -0
  51. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/fading_exits/fadeOutUpBig.css +14 -0
  52. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/flippers/flip.css +31 -0
  53. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/flippers/flipInX.css +30 -0
  54. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/flippers/flipInY.css +30 -0
  55. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/flippers/flipOutX.css +21 -0
  56. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/flippers/flipOutY.css +21 -0
  57. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/lightspeed/lightSpeedIn.css +26 -0
  58. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/lightspeed/lightSpeedOut.css +15 -0
  59. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_entrances/rotateIn.css +17 -0
  60. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_entrances/rotateInDownLeft.css +17 -0
  61. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_entrances/rotateInDownRight.css +17 -0
  62. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_entrances/rotateInUpLeft.css +17 -0
  63. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_entrances/rotateInUpRight.css +17 -0
  64. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_exits/rotateOut.css +16 -0
  65. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_exits/rotateOutDownLeft.css +16 -0
  66. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_exits/rotateOutDownRight.css +16 -0
  67. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_exits/rotateOutUpLeft.css +16 -0
  68. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/rotating_exits/rotateOutUpRight.css +16 -0
  69. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/sliding_entrances/slideInDown.css +14 -0
  70. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/sliding_entrances/slideInLeft.css +14 -0
  71. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/sliding_entrances/slideInRight.css +14 -0
  72. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/sliding_entrances/slideInUp.css +14 -0
  73. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/sliding_exits/slideOutDown.css +14 -0
  74. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/sliding_exits/slideOutLeft.css +14 -0
  75. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/sliding_exits/slideOutRight.css +14 -0
  76. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/sliding_exits/slideOutUp.css +14 -0
  77. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/specials/hinge.css +31 -0
  78. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/specials/jackInTheBox.css +24 -0
  79. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/specials/rollIn.css +17 -0
  80. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/specials/rollOut.css +16 -0
  81. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_entrances/zoomIn.css +14 -0
  82. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_entrances/zoomInDown.css +17 -0
  83. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_entrances/zoomInLeft.css +17 -0
  84. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_entrances/zoomInRight.css +17 -0
  85. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_entrances/zoomInUp.css +17 -0
  86. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_exits/zoomOut.css +18 -0
  87. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_exits/zoomOutDown.css +18 -0
  88. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_exits/zoomOutLeft.css +16 -0
  89. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_exits/zoomOutRight.css +16 -0
  90. data/app/assets/node_modules/animate.css/source/zooming_exits/zoomOutUp.css +18 -0
  91. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/LICENSE +22 -0
  92. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/README.md +171 -0
  93. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-grid.css +1912 -0
  94. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-grid.css.map +1 -0
  95. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css +7 -0
  96. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css.map +1 -0
  97. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-reboot.css +330 -0
  98. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-reboot.css.map +1 -0
  99. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-reboot.min.css +8 -0
  100. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-reboot.min.css.map +1 -0
  101. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css +8981 -0
  102. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css.map +1 -0
  103. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css +7 -0
  104. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css.map +1 -0
  105. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js +6444 -0
  106. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js.map +1 -0
  107. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js +7 -0
  108. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js.map +1 -0
  109. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js +3927 -0
  110. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js.map +1 -0
  111. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js +7 -0
  112. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js.map +1 -0
  113. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/alert.js +178 -0
  114. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/alert.js.map +1 -0
  115. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/button.js +167 -0
  116. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/button.js.map +1 -0
  117. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/carousel.js +508 -0
  118. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/carousel.js.map +1 -0
  119. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/collapse.js +367 -0
  120. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/collapse.js.map +1 -0
  121. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/dropdown.js +489 -0
  122. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/dropdown.js.map +1 -0
  123. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/index.js +23 -0
  124. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/index.js.map +1 -0
  125. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/modal.js +585 -0
  126. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/modal.js.map +1 -0
  127. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/popover.js +206 -0
  128. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/popover.js.map +1 -0
  129. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/scrollspy.js +319 -0
  130. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/scrollspy.js.map +1 -0
  131. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/tab.js +251 -0
  132. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/tab.js.map +1 -0
  133. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/tooltip.js +674 -0
  134. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/tooltip.js.map +1 -0
  135. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/util.js +132 -0
  136. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/dist/util.js.map +1 -0
  137. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/alert.js +183 -0
  138. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/button.js +175 -0
  139. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/carousel.js +517 -0
  140. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/collapse.js +394 -0
  141. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/dropdown.js +487 -0
  142. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/index.js +50 -0
  143. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/modal.js +579 -0
  144. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/popover.js +188 -0
  145. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/scrollspy.js +329 -0
  146. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/tab.js +263 -0
  147. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/tooltip.js +723 -0
  148. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/js/src/util.js +153 -0
  149. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/package.json +218 -0
  150. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_alert.scss +51 -0
  151. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_badge.scss +47 -0
  152. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_breadcrumb.scss +41 -0
  153. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_button-group.scss +172 -0
  154. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_buttons.scss +144 -0
  155. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_card.scss +301 -0
  156. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_carousel.scss +236 -0
  157. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_close.scss +34 -0
  158. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_code.scss +48 -0
  159. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_custom-forms.scss +421 -0
  160. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_dropdown.scss +166 -0
  161. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_forms.scss +335 -0
  162. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_functions.scss +86 -0
  163. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_grid.scss +52 -0
  164. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_images.scss +42 -0
  165. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_input-group.scss +158 -0
  166. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_jumbotron.scss +16 -0
  167. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_list-group.scss +115 -0
  168. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_media.scss +8 -0
  169. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_mixins.scss +41 -0
  170. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_modal.scss +168 -0
  171. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_nav.scss +118 -0
  172. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_navbar.scss +299 -0
  173. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_pagination.scss +78 -0
  174. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_popover.scss +183 -0
  175. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_print.scss +141 -0
  176. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_progress.scss +34 -0
  177. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_reboot.scss +480 -0
  178. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_root.scss +19 -0
  179. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_tables.scss +188 -0
  180. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_tooltip.scss +115 -0
  181. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_transitions.scss +22 -0
  182. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_type.scss +125 -0
  183. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_utilities.scss +15 -0
  184. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/_variables.scss +929 -0
  185. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/bootstrap-grid.scss +32 -0
  186. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/bootstrap-reboot.scss +12 -0
  187. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/bootstrap.scss +42 -0
  188. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_alert.scss +13 -0
  189. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_background-variant.scss +21 -0
  190. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_badge.scss +12 -0
  191. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_border-radius.scss +35 -0
  192. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_box-shadow.scss +5 -0
  193. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_breakpoints.scss +123 -0
  194. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_buttons.scss +109 -0
  195. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_caret.scss +66 -0
  196. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_clearfix.scss +7 -0
  197. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_float.scss +11 -0
  198. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_forms.scss +147 -0
  199. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_gradients.scss +45 -0
  200. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_grid-framework.scss +67 -0
  201. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_grid.scss +52 -0
  202. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_hover.scss +37 -0
  203. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_image.scss +36 -0
  204. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_list-group.scss +21 -0
  205. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_lists.scss +7 -0
  206. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_nav-divider.scss +10 -0
  207. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_pagination.scss +22 -0
  208. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_reset-text.scss +17 -0
  209. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_resize.scss +6 -0
  210. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_screen-reader.scss +33 -0
  211. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_size.scss +6 -0
  212. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_table-row.scss +30 -0
  213. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_text-emphasis.scss +14 -0
  214. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_text-hide.scss +13 -0
  215. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_text-truncate.scss +8 -0
  216. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_transition.scss +13 -0
  217. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/mixins/_visibility.scss +7 -0
  218. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_align.scss +8 -0
  219. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_background.scss +19 -0
  220. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_borders.scss +59 -0
  221. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_clearfix.scss +3 -0
  222. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_display.scss +38 -0
  223. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_embed.scss +52 -0
  224. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_flex.scss +51 -0
  225. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_float.scss +9 -0
  226. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_position.scss +37 -0
  227. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_screenreaders.scss +11 -0
  228. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_shadows.scss +6 -0
  229. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_sizing.scss +12 -0
  230. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_spacing.scss +51 -0
  231. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_text.scss +58 -0
  232. data/app/assets/node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/_visibility.scss +11 -0
  233. data/app/assets/node_modules/clone/LICENSE +18 -0
  234. data/app/assets/node_modules/clone/README.md +178 -0
  235. data/app/assets/node_modules/clone/clone.iml +10 -0
  236. data/app/assets/node_modules/clone/clone.js +251 -0
  237. data/app/assets/node_modules/clone/package.json +56 -0
  238. data/app/assets/node_modules/deep-equal/LICENSE +18 -0
  239. data/app/assets/node_modules/deep-equal/example/cmp.js +11 -0
  240. data/app/assets/node_modules/deep-equal/index.js +94 -0
  241. data/app/assets/node_modules/deep-equal/lib/is_arguments.js +20 -0
  242. data/app/assets/node_modules/deep-equal/lib/keys.js +9 -0
  243. data/app/assets/node_modules/deep-equal/package.json +58 -0
  244. data/app/assets/node_modules/deep-equal/readme.markdown +61 -0
  245. data/app/assets/node_modules/deep-equal/test/cmp.js +95 -0
  246. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/CONTRIBUTING.md +6 -0
  247. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/LICENSE +12 -0
  248. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/README.md +36 -0
  249. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/bower.json +16 -0
  250. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/component.json +10 -0
  251. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/composer.json +18 -0
  252. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/dist/basic.css +39 -0
  253. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/dist/dropzone-amd-module.js +3541 -0
  254. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/dist/dropzone.css +388 -0
  255. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/dist/dropzone.js +3526 -0
  256. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/dist/min/basic.min.css +1 -0
  257. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/dist/min/dropzone-amd-module.min.js +2 -0
  258. data/app/assets/node_modules/dropzone/dist/min/dropzone.min.css +1 -0
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@@ -0,0 +1,2856 @@
1
+ # <pre>
2
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
+
5
+ # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6
+ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7
+ # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
8
+
9
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
10
+ # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12
+ # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13
+ #
14
+ # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15
+ # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16
+ # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17
+ # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18
+ # of the IATA's data after 1990.
19
+ #
20
+ # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21
+ # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22
+ #
23
+ # Other sources occasionally used include:
24
+ #
25
+ # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
27
+ # which I found in the UCLA library.
28
+ #
29
+ # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
30
+ # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
31
+ # </a> (1914-03)
32
+ #
33
+ # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
34
+ # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
35
+ # History of Summer Time
36
+ # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
37
+
38
+ #
39
+ # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
40
+ # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
41
+ # Corrections are welcome!
42
+ # std dst 2dst
43
+ # LMT Local Mean Time
44
+ # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
45
+ # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
46
+ # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
47
+ # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
48
+ # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
49
+ # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
50
+ # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
51
+ # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
52
+ # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
53
+ # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
54
+ # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
55
+ # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
56
+ #
57
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
58
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
59
+
60
+ # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
61
+ # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
62
+ # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
63
+ # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
64
+ # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
65
+ # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
66
+ # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
67
+ # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
68
+ # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
69
+ # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
70
+ # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
71
+ # ...
72
+ # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
73
+ # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
74
+ # ...
75
+ # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
76
+ # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
77
+ # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
78
+ # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
79
+ # in the Directive.
80
+
81
+
82
+ ###############################################################################
83
+
84
+ # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
85
+
86
+ # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
87
+ #
88
+ # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
89
+ # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
90
+ # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
91
+ # of the text said:
92
+ #
93
+ # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
94
+ # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
95
+ # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
96
+ # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
97
+ # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
98
+ # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
99
+ # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
100
+ #
101
+ # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
102
+ # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
103
+ # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
104
+ #
105
+ # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
106
+
107
+ # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
108
+ #
109
+ # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
110
+ # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
111
+ # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
112
+ # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
113
+ # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
114
+ # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
115
+ # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
116
+ # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
117
+ # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
118
+ # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
119
+ # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
120
+ # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
121
+ # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
122
+ # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
123
+ # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
124
+ # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
125
+ # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
126
+ # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
127
+ # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
128
+ # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
129
+ #
130
+ # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
131
+ # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
132
+ # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
133
+
134
+ # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
135
+ # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
136
+ # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
137
+ # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
138
+ # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
139
+ # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
140
+ # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
141
+ # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
142
+ # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
143
+ # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
144
+ # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
145
+ # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
146
+ # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
147
+ # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
148
+ # designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
149
+ # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
150
+
151
+ # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
152
+ # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
153
+ # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
154
+ # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
155
+ # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
156
+ # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
157
+ # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
158
+ # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
159
+ # </a>
160
+
161
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
162
+ # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
163
+ # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
164
+ # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
165
+ # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
166
+
167
+ # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
168
+ #
169
+ # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
170
+ # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
171
+
172
+ # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
173
+ # From: Jonathan Leffler
174
+ # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
175
+ # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
176
+ # politics making a fortune, not computing.
177
+
178
+ # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
179
+ # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
180
+ # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
181
+ # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
182
+ # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
183
+
184
+ # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
185
+ # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
186
+ # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
187
+ # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
188
+
189
+ # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
190
+ # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
191
+ # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
192
+ # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
193
+ # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
194
+ # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
195
+ # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
196
+ # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
197
+
198
+ # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
199
+ # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
200
+ # which is to be introduced in May....
201
+ # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
202
+ # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
203
+
204
+ # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
205
+ # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
206
+ # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
207
+ # so we use `BDST'.
208
+
209
+ # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
210
+ # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
211
+ # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
212
+ # and extending this list, which can be found in
213
+ # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
214
+ # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
215
+ # History of legal time in Britain
216
+ # </a>
217
+ # Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
218
+ # exists, and the article can now be found at:
219
+ # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
220
+ # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
221
+ # </a>
222
+
223
+ # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
224
+ #
225
+ # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
226
+ # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
227
+ # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
228
+ # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
229
+ # </a>.
230
+
231
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
232
+ #
233
+ # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
234
+ #
235
+ # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
236
+ # are incorrect:
237
+ # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
238
+ # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
239
+ # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
240
+ # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
241
+ # It actually just had one transition.
242
+ # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
243
+ # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
244
+ # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
245
+ # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
246
+ # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
247
+ #
248
+ # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
249
+ # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
250
+ # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
251
+ # conform with Great Britain.
252
+ # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
253
+ #
254
+ # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
255
+ # we'll ignore it for now.
256
+ # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
257
+ #
258
+ #
259
+ # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
260
+ # Shanks & Pottenger.
261
+ # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
262
+ # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
263
+ # to London. For example:
264
+ #
265
+ # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
266
+ # -- James Joyce, Ulysses
267
+
268
+ # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
269
+ # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include
270
+ # various relating to legal time, for example:
271
+ #
272
+ # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
273
+ #
274
+ # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
275
+ # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
276
+ #
277
+ # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
278
+ # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
279
+ # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
280
+ #
281
+ # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
282
+ # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
283
+ # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
284
+ #
285
+ # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
286
+ # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
287
+ #
288
+ # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
289
+ # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
290
+ # the laws applicable in Ireland.)
291
+ #
292
+ # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
293
+ # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
294
+ # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
295
+ # being GMT+1.)
296
+
297
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
298
+ # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
299
+ # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
300
+ # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
301
+ # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
302
+ # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
303
+ # and Frethun run in CT.
304
+ # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
305
+ # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
306
+ # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
307
+ # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
308
+ # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
309
+ # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
310
+
311
+ # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
312
+ # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
313
+ # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
314
+ # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
315
+ # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
316
+ # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
317
+ # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
318
+
319
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
320
+ # Summer Time Act, 1916
321
+ Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
322
+ Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
323
+ # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
324
+ Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
325
+ Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
326
+ # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
327
+ Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
328
+ Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
329
+ # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
330
+ Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
331
+ Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
332
+ # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
333
+ Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
334
+ # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
335
+ Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
336
+ # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
337
+ Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
338
+ Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
339
+ # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
340
+ Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
341
+ Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
342
+ # The Summer Time Act, 1922
343
+ Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
344
+ Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
345
+ Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
346
+ Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
347
+ # The Summer Time Act, 1925
348
+ Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
349
+ Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
350
+ Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
351
+ Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
352
+ Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
353
+ Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
354
+ Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
355
+ Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
356
+ Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
357
+ Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
358
+ Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
359
+ # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
360
+ Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
361
+ # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
362
+ Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
363
+ # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
364
+ Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
365
+ Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
366
+ # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
367
+ Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
368
+ # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
369
+ Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
370
+ # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
371
+ Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
372
+ Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
373
+ # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
374
+ Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
375
+ Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
376
+ # The Summer Time Act, 1947
377
+ Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
378
+ Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
379
+ Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
380
+ Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
381
+ # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
382
+ Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
383
+ Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
384
+ # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
385
+ Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
386
+ Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
387
+ # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
388
+ # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
389
+ # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
390
+ Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
391
+ Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
392
+ # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
393
+ Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
394
+ Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
395
+ Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
396
+ Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
397
+ Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
398
+ Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
399
+ Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
400
+ # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
401
+ # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
402
+ # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
403
+ Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
404
+ Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
405
+ # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
406
+ # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
407
+ # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
408
+ Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
409
+ # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
410
+ Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
411
+ # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
412
+ # (no summer time)
413
+ # The Summer Time Act, 1972
414
+ Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
415
+ Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
416
+ # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
417
+ # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
418
+ # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
419
+ # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
420
+ Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
421
+ Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
422
+ # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
423
+ # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
424
+ # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
425
+ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
426
+ # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
427
+ # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
428
+
429
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
430
+ Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
431
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
432
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
433
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
434
+ 0:00 EU GMT/BST
435
+ Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
436
+ Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
437
+ Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
438
+ Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
439
+ -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
440
+ -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
441
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
442
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
443
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
444
+ 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
445
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
446
+ 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
447
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
448
+ 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
449
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
450
+ 0:00 EU GMT/IST
451
+
452
+ ###############################################################################
453
+
454
+ # Europe
455
+
456
+ # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
457
+ # Common Market, etc.
458
+
459
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
460
+ Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
461
+ Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
462
+ Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
463
+ Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
464
+ Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
465
+ Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
466
+ # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
467
+ # <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
468
+ # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
469
+ # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
470
+ # </a>
471
+
472
+ # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
473
+ Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
474
+ Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
475
+ Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
476
+ Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
477
+ Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
478
+ Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
479
+
480
+ # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
481
+ # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
482
+ Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
483
+ Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
484
+ Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
485
+ Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
486
+ Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
487
+ Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
488
+ Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
489
+ Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
490
+ Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
491
+ # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
492
+ Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
493
+ # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
494
+ #
495
+ # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
496
+ # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
497
+ # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
498
+ # tz database itself, as seen below:
499
+ #
500
+ # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
501
+ # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
502
+ #
503
+ # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
504
+ # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
505
+ #
506
+ # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
507
+ # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
508
+ #
509
+ # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
510
+ # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
511
+ # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
512
+ #
513
+ # The rule line to be changed is:
514
+ #
515
+ # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
516
+ #
517
+ # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
518
+ # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
519
+ # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
520
+ # affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms
521
+ # CET and MET:
522
+ #
523
+ # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
524
+ # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
525
+ #
526
+ # It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
527
+ #
528
+ # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
529
+ #
530
+ # A small step for mankind though 8-)
531
+ Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
532
+ Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
533
+ Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
534
+ Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
535
+ Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
536
+ Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
537
+ Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
538
+
539
+ # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
540
+ Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
541
+ Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
542
+ Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
543
+ Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
544
+ Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
545
+ Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
546
+
547
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
548
+ Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
549
+ Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
550
+ Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
551
+ Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
552
+ Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
553
+ Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
554
+ Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
555
+ Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
556
+ Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
557
+ Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
558
+ Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
559
+ # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
560
+ Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
561
+ Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
562
+ # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
563
+ # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
564
+ Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
565
+ Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
566
+ #
567
+ Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
568
+ Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
569
+ Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
570
+ Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
571
+ Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
572
+
573
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
574
+ # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
575
+ # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
576
+ # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
577
+ #
578
+ # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
579
+ # <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">
580
+ # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
581
+ # </a>
582
+ #
583
+ # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
584
+ # <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">
585
+ # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
586
+ # </a>
587
+
588
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
589
+ # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
590
+ # to be standard.
591
+
592
+ # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
593
+
594
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
595
+ Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
596
+ Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
597
+ Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
598
+ Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
599
+
600
+ # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
601
+ # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
602
+
603
+ # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
604
+ # The official German names ... are
605
+ #
606
+ # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
607
+ # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
608
+ #
609
+ # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
610
+ # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
611
+ # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
612
+ #
613
+ # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
614
+ # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
615
+ # Postfach 3345
616
+ # D-38023 Braunschweig
617
+ # phone: +49 531 592-0
618
+ #
619
+ # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
620
+ # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
621
+ # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
622
+ #
623
+ # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
624
+ # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
625
+
626
+
627
+ # Albania
628
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
629
+ Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
630
+ Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
631
+ Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
632
+ Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
633
+ Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
634
+ Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
635
+ Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
636
+ Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
637
+ Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
638
+ Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
639
+ Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
640
+ Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
641
+ Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
642
+ Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
643
+ Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
644
+ Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
645
+ Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
646
+ Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
647
+ Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
648
+ Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
649
+ Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
650
+ Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
651
+ Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
652
+ Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
653
+ Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
654
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
655
+ Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
656
+ 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
657
+ 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
658
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
659
+
660
+ # Andorra
661
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
662
+ Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
663
+ 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
664
+ 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
665
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
666
+
667
+ # Austria
668
+
669
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
670
+ # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
671
+ # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
672
+ # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
673
+ # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
674
+ # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
675
+
676
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
677
+ Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
678
+ Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
679
+ Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
680
+ Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
681
+ Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
682
+ Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
683
+ Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
684
+ Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
685
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
686
+ Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
687
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
688
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
689
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
690
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
691
+ 1:00 - CET 1946
692
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
693
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
694
+
695
+ # Belarus
696
+ # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
697
+ # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
698
+ # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
699
+ #
700
+ # Sources (Russian language):
701
+ # 1.
702
+ # <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">
703
+ # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
704
+ # </a>
705
+ # 2.
706
+ # <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">
707
+ # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
708
+ # </a>
709
+ # 3.
710
+ # <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">
711
+ # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
712
+ # </a>
713
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
714
+ Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
715
+ 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
716
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
717
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
718
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
719
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
720
+ 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
721
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
722
+ 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
723
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
724
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
725
+ 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
726
+
727
+ # Belgium
728
+ #
729
+ # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
730
+ # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
731
+ # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
732
+ # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
733
+ # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
734
+ # pp 8-9.
735
+ # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
736
+ # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
737
+ # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
738
+ # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
739
+ # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
740
+ #
741
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
742
+ Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
743
+ Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
744
+ Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
745
+ Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
746
+ Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
747
+ Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
748
+ Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
749
+ Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
750
+ Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
751
+ Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
752
+ Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
753
+ Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
754
+ # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
755
+ # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
756
+ # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
757
+ # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
758
+ Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
759
+ Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
760
+ Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
761
+ Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
762
+ Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
763
+ Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
764
+ Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
765
+ Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
766
+ Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
767
+ Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
768
+ Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
769
+ Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
770
+ Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
771
+ Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
772
+ Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
773
+ Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
774
+ Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
775
+ Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
776
+ Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
777
+ Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
778
+ Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
779
+ Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
780
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
781
+ Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
782
+ 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
783
+ 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
784
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
785
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
786
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
787
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
788
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
789
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
790
+
791
+ # Bosnia and Herzegovina
792
+ # see Serbia
793
+
794
+ # Bulgaria
795
+ #
796
+ # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
797
+ # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
798
+ # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
799
+ # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
800
+ #
801
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
802
+ Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
803
+ Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
804
+ Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
805
+ Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
806
+ Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
807
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
808
+ Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
809
+ 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
810
+ 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
811
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
812
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
813
+ 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
814
+ 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
815
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
816
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
817
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
818
+
819
+ # Croatia
820
+ # see Serbia
821
+
822
+ # Cyprus
823
+ # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
824
+
825
+ # Czech Republic
826
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
827
+ Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
828
+ Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
829
+ Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
830
+ Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
831
+ Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
832
+ Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
833
+ Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
834
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
835
+ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
836
+ 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
837
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
838
+ 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
839
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
840
+
841
+ # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
842
+
843
+ # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
844
+ # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
845
+ # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
846
+ # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
847
+ # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
848
+ #
849
+ # The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
850
+ # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
851
+ #
852
+ # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
853
+ # in subsequenet decrees with the law
854
+ # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
855
+ #
856
+ # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
857
+ # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
858
+ # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
859
+ # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
860
+ # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
861
+ # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
862
+ # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
863
+ # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
864
+ # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
865
+ # was suspended on that night):
866
+ # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
867
+
868
+ # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
869
+ # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
870
+ # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
871
+
872
+ # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
873
+ # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
874
+ # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
875
+
876
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
877
+ Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
878
+ Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
879
+ Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
880
+ Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
881
+ Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
882
+ Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
883
+ Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
884
+ Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
885
+ Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
886
+ Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
887
+ Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
888
+ #
889
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
890
+ Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
891
+ 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
892
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
893
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
894
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
895
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
896
+ Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
897
+ 0:00 - WET 1981
898
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
899
+ #
900
+ # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
901
+ # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
902
+ # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
903
+ # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
904
+ #
905
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
906
+ # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
907
+ # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
908
+ # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
909
+ # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
910
+ # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
911
+
912
+ # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
913
+ # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
914
+ # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
915
+ #
916
+ # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
917
+ # is according to the following time line:
918
+ #
919
+ # The military zone near Thule UTC-4
920
+ # Standard Greenland time UTC-3
921
+ # Scoresbysund UTC-1
922
+ # Danmarkshavn UTC
923
+ #
924
+ # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
925
+ # introduced.
926
+
927
+ # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
928
+ #
929
+ # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
930
+ # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
931
+ # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
932
+ # info from earlier correspondence.]
933
+ #
934
+ # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
935
+ # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
936
+ # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
937
+ #
938
+ # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
939
+ # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
940
+ # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
941
+ # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
942
+ # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
943
+ # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
944
+ # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
945
+ #
946
+ # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
947
+ # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
948
+ #
949
+ # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
950
+ # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
951
+ # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
952
+ #
953
+ # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
954
+ # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
955
+ # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
956
+ # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
957
+ # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
958
+
959
+ # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
960
+ # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
961
+ # there at 2:00 AM.
962
+
963
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
964
+ # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
965
+ # the 1995 map as like Godthab.
966
+ # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
967
+ # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
968
+ # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
969
+ # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
970
+ #
971
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
972
+ Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
973
+ Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
974
+ Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
975
+ Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
976
+ Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
977
+ Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
978
+ #
979
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
980
+ Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
981
+ -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
982
+ -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
983
+ 0:00 - GMT
984
+ Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
985
+ -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
986
+ -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
987
+ -1:00 EU EG%sT
988
+ Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
989
+ -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
990
+ -3:00 EU WG%sT
991
+ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
992
+ -4:00 Thule A%sT
993
+
994
+ # Estonia
995
+ # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
996
+ # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
997
+ # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
998
+ # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
999
+ #
1000
+ # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1001
+ # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1002
+ # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1003
+ # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1004
+ # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1005
+ # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1006
+ # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1007
+ # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1008
+ # summer time next spring.''
1009
+
1010
+ # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1011
+ # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
1012
+ # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1013
+ # </a>
1014
+ # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1015
+ # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
1016
+ #
1017
+ # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1018
+ # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1019
+ # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1020
+
1021
+ # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
1022
+ # via Steffen Thorsen:
1023
+ # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1024
+ # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1025
+ # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1026
+ # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1027
+ # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1028
+ # after that.
1029
+
1030
+ # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1031
+ # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1032
+ # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1033
+ # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1034
+
1035
+ # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1036
+ # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1037
+ # Now we are using again EU rules.
1038
+ #
1039
+ # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
1040
+ # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1041
+
1042
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1043
+ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1044
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1045
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1046
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1047
+ 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1048
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1049
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1050
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1051
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1052
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1053
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
1054
+ 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1055
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
1056
+
1057
+ # Finland
1058
+
1059
+ # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1060
+ # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1061
+ # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1062
+
1063
+ # From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
1064
+ #
1065
+ # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1066
+ # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1067
+ # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1068
+ # according to the central European standards.
1069
+ #
1070
+ # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1071
+ # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1072
+ # Finnish) at
1073
+ #
1074
+ # <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">
1075
+ # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1076
+ # </a>
1077
+ #
1078
+ # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
1079
+ # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
1080
+ #
1081
+ # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
1082
+ #
1083
+ # <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">
1084
+ # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
1085
+ # </a>
1086
+ #
1087
+ # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
1088
+ # exist tonight."
1089
+
1090
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1091
+ Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1092
+ Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1093
+ Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1094
+ Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1095
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1096
+ Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
1097
+ 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1098
+ 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
1099
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
1100
+
1101
+ # Aaland Is
1102
+ Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
1103
+
1104
+
1105
+ # France
1106
+
1107
+ # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
1108
+ #
1109
+ # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
1110
+ # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
1111
+ #
1112
+ # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
1113
+ # Paris, 1991
1114
+ #
1115
+ # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
1116
+ # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
1117
+
1118
+
1119
+ #
1120
+ # Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
1121
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1122
+ Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1123
+ Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1124
+ Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1125
+ Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1126
+ Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1127
+ Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1128
+ Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1129
+ Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1130
+ Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1131
+ Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1132
+ # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
1133
+ # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
1134
+ # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1135
+ Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1136
+ Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1137
+ Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1138
+ Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1139
+ Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1140
+ Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1141
+ Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1142
+ Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1143
+ Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1144
+ Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1145
+ Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1146
+ Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1147
+ Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1148
+ Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1149
+ Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1150
+ Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1151
+ Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1152
+ Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1153
+ Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1154
+ Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1155
+ # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
1156
+ # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
1157
+ # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
1158
+ # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
1159
+ # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
1160
+ # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
1161
+ # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
1162
+ # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
1163
+ Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1164
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
1165
+ # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
1166
+ # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1167
+ # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1168
+ Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1169
+ Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1170
+ Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1171
+ Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1172
+ Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1173
+ Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1174
+ Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1175
+ Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1176
+ Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1177
+ # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1178
+ # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1179
+ Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1180
+ Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1181
+ # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
1182
+ # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1183
+ # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1184
+ # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1185
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1186
+ Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1187
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1188
+ # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1189
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1190
+ # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1191
+ # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1192
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1193
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1194
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1195
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1196
+
1197
+ # Germany
1198
+
1199
+ # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1200
+ # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1201
+ # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1202
+ # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1203
+
1204
+ # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1205
+ # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1206
+ # <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
1207
+ # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
1208
+
1209
+ # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1210
+ # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
1211
+ # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1212
+ # </a>
1213
+ # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1214
+ # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1215
+ # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1216
+
1217
+
1218
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1219
+ Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1220
+ Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1221
+ Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1222
+ # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1223
+ # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1224
+ # Go with the PTB.
1225
+ Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1226
+ Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1227
+ Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1228
+ Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1229
+ Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1230
+
1231
+ Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1232
+ Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1233
+ Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1234
+
1235
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1236
+ Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1237
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1238
+ 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1239
+ 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1240
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1241
+
1242
+ # Georgia
1243
+ # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1244
+ # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1245
+ # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1246
+
1247
+ # Gibraltar
1248
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1249
+ Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1250
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1251
+ 1:00 - CET 1982
1252
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1253
+
1254
+ # Greece
1255
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1256
+ # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1257
+ Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1258
+ Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1259
+ # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1260
+ Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1261
+ # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1262
+ Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1263
+ Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1264
+ Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1265
+ # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1266
+ Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1267
+ Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1268
+ Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1269
+ Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1270
+ Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1271
+ Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1272
+ Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1273
+ Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1274
+ Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1275
+ Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1276
+ Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1277
+ Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1278
+ Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1279
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1280
+ Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1281
+ 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1282
+ 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1283
+ 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1284
+ 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1285
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1286
+ # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1287
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
1288
+
1289
+ # Hungary
1290
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1291
+ Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1292
+ Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
1293
+ Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1294
+ Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
1295
+ Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
1296
+ Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1297
+ Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1298
+ Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
1299
+ Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1300
+ Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1301
+ Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1302
+ Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1303
+ Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1304
+ Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1305
+ Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1306
+ Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1307
+ Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1308
+ Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1309
+ Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1310
+ Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1311
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1312
+ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1313
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1314
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1315
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1316
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1317
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1318
+
1319
+ # Iceland
1320
+ #
1321
+ # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
1322
+ # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1323
+ #
1324
+ # (1993-12-05):
1325
+ # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1326
+ # Iceland Almanak.
1327
+ #
1328
+ # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1329
+ # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1330
+ # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1331
+ # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1332
+ #
1333
+ # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1334
+ # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1335
+ # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1336
+ # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1337
+ #
1338
+ # (1993-12-10):
1339
+ # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1340
+ # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1341
+ # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1342
+ # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1343
+ # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1344
+ # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1345
+ # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1346
+ # might mean something else (???).
1347
+ #
1348
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1349
+ # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
1350
+ # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
1351
+ # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1352
+ #
1353
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1354
+ Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1355
+ Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1356
+ Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1357
+ Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1358
+ Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1359
+ Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1360
+ Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1361
+ Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1362
+ Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1363
+ Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1364
+ Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1365
+ # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1366
+ Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1367
+ Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1368
+ # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1369
+ Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1370
+ # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1371
+ Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1372
+ Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1373
+ Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1374
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1375
+ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1376
+ -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1377
+ -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1378
+ 0:00 - GMT
1379
+
1380
+ # Italy
1381
+ #
1382
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1383
+ # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1384
+ # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1385
+ # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1386
+ # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1387
+ # so record only the time in Rome.
1388
+ #
1389
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1390
+ # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1391
+ # F. Pollastri
1392
+ # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
1393
+ # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1394
+ # </a>
1395
+ # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1396
+ # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1397
+ #
1398
+ # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1399
+ # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1400
+ # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1401
+ # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1402
+ # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1403
+ # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1404
+ # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1405
+ # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1406
+ # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1407
+ # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1408
+ # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1409
+ # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1410
+ # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1411
+ # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1412
+ # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1413
+ # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1414
+ #
1415
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1416
+ Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1417
+ Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1418
+ Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1419
+ Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1420
+ Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1421
+ Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1422
+ Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1423
+ Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1424
+ Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1425
+ Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1426
+ Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1427
+ Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1428
+ Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1429
+ Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1430
+ Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1431
+ Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1432
+ Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1433
+ Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1434
+ Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1435
+ Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1436
+ Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1437
+ Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1438
+ Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1439
+ Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1440
+ Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1441
+ Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1442
+ Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1443
+ Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1444
+ Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1445
+ Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1446
+ Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1447
+ Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1448
+ Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1449
+ Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1450
+ Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1451
+ Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1452
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1453
+ Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1454
+ 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1455
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1456
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1457
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1458
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1459
+
1460
+ Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1461
+ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1462
+
1463
+ # Latvia
1464
+
1465
+ # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1466
+
1467
+ # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1468
+ # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1469
+ # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1470
+ # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1471
+ #
1472
+ # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1473
+ # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1474
+ # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1475
+ # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1476
+ # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1477
+ #
1478
+ # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1479
+ # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1480
+ # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1481
+ # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1482
+ # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1483
+ # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1484
+ #
1485
+ # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1486
+ # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1487
+ # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1488
+ # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1489
+ # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1490
+ # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1491
+ # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1492
+ # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1493
+ # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1494
+ # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1495
+ #
1496
+ # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1497
+ # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1498
+ # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1499
+
1500
+ # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1501
+ # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1502
+ # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
1503
+ # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1504
+ # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
1505
+
1506
+ # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
1507
+ # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1508
+ # </a>
1509
+ # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1510
+ # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1511
+ # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1512
+ # clocks one hour in the spring....
1513
+ # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
1514
+ # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1515
+ # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1516
+ # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1517
+ # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1518
+ # appears that they will not do so....
1519
+
1520
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1521
+ Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1522
+ Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1523
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1524
+ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1525
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1526
+ 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1527
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1528
+ 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1529
+ 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1530
+ 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1531
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1532
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1533
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1534
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1535
+ 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1536
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1537
+ 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1538
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
1539
+
1540
+ # Liechtenstein
1541
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1542
+ Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1543
+ 1:00 - CET 1981
1544
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1545
+
1546
+ # Lithuania
1547
+
1548
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1549
+ # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1550
+ # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1551
+
1552
+ # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1553
+ # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1554
+ # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1555
+
1556
+ # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
1557
+ # via Steffen Thorsen:
1558
+ # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1559
+ # to be valid here starting from October 31,
1560
+ # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1561
+ # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1562
+ # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1563
+ # already done by Estonia.
1564
+
1565
+ # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
1566
+ # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1567
+ # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1568
+
1569
+ # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1570
+ # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1571
+ # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1572
+ # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1573
+ # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1574
+ # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1575
+ # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1576
+
1577
+
1578
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1579
+ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1580
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1581
+ 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1582
+ 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1583
+ 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1584
+ 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1585
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1586
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1587
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1588
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1589
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1590
+ 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1591
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1592
+ 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1593
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
1594
+
1595
+ # Luxembourg
1596
+ # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1597
+ # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1598
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1599
+ Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1600
+ Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1601
+ Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1602
+ Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1603
+ Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1604
+ Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1605
+ Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1606
+ Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1607
+ Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1608
+ Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1609
+ Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1610
+ Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1611
+ Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1612
+ Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1613
+ Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1614
+ Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1615
+ Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1616
+ Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1617
+ Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1618
+ Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1619
+ Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1620
+ Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1621
+ Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1622
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1623
+ Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1624
+ 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1625
+ 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1626
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1627
+ 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1628
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1629
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1630
+
1631
+ # Macedonia
1632
+ # see Serbia
1633
+
1634
+ # Malta
1635
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1636
+ Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1637
+ Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1638
+ Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1639
+ Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1640
+ Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1641
+ Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1642
+ Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1643
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1644
+ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1645
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1646
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1647
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1648
+ 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1649
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1650
+
1651
+ # Moldova
1652
+
1653
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1654
+ # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1655
+ # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1656
+ # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1657
+ # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1658
+ # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1659
+ # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
1660
+ # But [two people] separately reported via
1661
+ # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1662
+ # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1663
+ #
1664
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1665
+ # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
1666
+ # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
1667
+ # to the Winter Time).
1668
+ #
1669
+ # News (in Russian):
1670
+ # <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">
1671
+ # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1672
+ # </a>
1673
+ #
1674
+ # <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">
1675
+ # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1676
+ # </a>
1677
+ #
1678
+ # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
1679
+ # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1680
+ #
1681
+ # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1682
+ # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
1683
+ # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1684
+ #
1685
+ # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
1686
+ #
1687
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1688
+ # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1689
+ # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1690
+ # decision to abolish DST this winter.
1691
+ # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1692
+ # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1693
+ # News from Moldova (in russian):
1694
+ # <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">
1695
+ # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1696
+ # </a>
1697
+
1698
+
1699
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1700
+ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1701
+ 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1702
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1703
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1704
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1705
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1706
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1707
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1708
+ 2:00 - EET 1991
1709
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1710
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1711
+ # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1712
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
1713
+
1714
+ # Monaco
1715
+ # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1716
+ # more precise 0:09:21.
1717
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1718
+ Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1719
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1720
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1721
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1722
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1723
+
1724
+ # Montenegro
1725
+ # see Serbia
1726
+
1727
+ # Netherlands
1728
+
1729
+ # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1730
+ # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1731
+
1732
+ # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1733
+ # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1734
+ # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1735
+ # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1736
+ # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1737
+ # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1738
+ # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1739
+ # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1740
+ # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1741
+ #
1742
+ # (2001-04-08):
1743
+ # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1744
+ # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1745
+ # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1746
+ #
1747
+ # (2001-04-09):
1748
+ # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1749
+ # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1750
+ # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1751
+ # actually followed.
1752
+ #
1753
+ # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1754
+ # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1755
+ # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1756
+ # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1757
+ # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1758
+ #
1759
+ # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1760
+ # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1761
+ # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1762
+ # Amsterdam mean time.
1763
+
1764
+ # The data before 1945 are taken from
1765
+ # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
1766
+
1767
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1768
+ Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1769
+ Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1770
+ Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1771
+ Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1772
+ Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1773
+ Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1774
+ Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1775
+ Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1776
+ Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1777
+ Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1778
+ Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1779
+ # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1780
+ # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1781
+ Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1782
+ Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1783
+ Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1784
+ Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1785
+ Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1786
+ Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1787
+ Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1788
+ Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1789
+ Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1790
+ #
1791
+ # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1792
+ # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1793
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1794
+ Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1795
+ 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1796
+ 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1797
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1798
+ 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1799
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1800
+
1801
+ # Norway
1802
+ # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1803
+ # Pottenger.
1804
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1805
+ Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1806
+ Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1807
+ Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1808
+ Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1809
+ Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1810
+ Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1811
+ Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1812
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1813
+ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1814
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1815
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1816
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1817
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1818
+
1819
+ # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1820
+
1821
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
1822
+ # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
1823
+ # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
1824
+ # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
1825
+ # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
1826
+ # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
1827
+ # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
1828
+ # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
1829
+ # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
1830
+ # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
1831
+ # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
1832
+ # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
1833
+ # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1834
+ # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
1835
+ # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1836
+ # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1837
+ # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1838
+ # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1839
+
1840
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
1841
+ #
1842
+ # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1843
+ # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1844
+ # keeping Berlin time.
1845
+ #
1846
+ # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1847
+ # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1848
+ # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1849
+ # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1850
+ # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1851
+ # the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1852
+ # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1853
+ #
1854
+ # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1855
+ # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1856
+ # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1857
+ # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1858
+ # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1859
+ # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
1860
+ # <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
1861
+ # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1862
+ # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1863
+ #
1864
+ # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
1865
+ # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
1866
+ # war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
1867
+ Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1868
+
1869
+ # Poland
1870
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1871
+ Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1872
+ Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1873
+ Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1874
+ # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1875
+ Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1876
+ # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1877
+ Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1878
+ Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1879
+ # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
1880
+ # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
1881
+ # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
1882
+ # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
1883
+ # He also gives these further references:
1884
+ # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
1885
+ # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
1886
+ Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
1887
+ Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1888
+ Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1889
+ Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1890
+ Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1891
+ Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1892
+ Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1893
+ Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1894
+ Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1895
+ Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1896
+ Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1897
+ Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1898
+ Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1899
+ Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1900
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1901
+ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1902
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1903
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1904
+ 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1905
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1906
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1907
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1908
+ 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
1909
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
1910
+
1911
+ # Portugal
1912
+ #
1913
+ # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
1914
+ # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1915
+ # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1916
+ #
1917
+ # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1918
+ # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1919
+ # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1920
+ #
1921
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1922
+ # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1923
+ # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1924
+ # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1925
+ # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1926
+ # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1927
+ # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1928
+ #
1929
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1930
+ # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1931
+ # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1932
+ # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1933
+ Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1934
+ # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1935
+ Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1936
+ Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1937
+ Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1938
+ Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1939
+ Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1940
+ Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1941
+ Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1942
+ Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1943
+ Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1944
+ Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1945
+ Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1946
+ Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1947
+ Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1948
+ Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1949
+ Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1950
+ # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1951
+ Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1952
+ Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1953
+ Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1954
+ # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1955
+ Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1956
+ # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1957
+ Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1958
+ Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1959
+ # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1960
+ Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1961
+ Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1962
+ Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1963
+ # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1964
+ Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1965
+ Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1966
+ # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1967
+ Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1968
+ Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1969
+ Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1970
+ Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1971
+ Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1972
+ Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1973
+ Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
1974
+ Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1975
+ Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
1976
+ Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1977
+ Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1978
+ Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1979
+ Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1980
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1981
+ # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1982
+ Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1983
+ Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1984
+ Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
1985
+ Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1986
+ Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
1987
+ Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1988
+ Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1989
+ Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1990
+ Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1991
+ Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1992
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1993
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
1994
+ # Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
1995
+ Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1996
+ -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
1997
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1998
+ 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1999
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2000
+ 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2001
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2002
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
2003
+ Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2004
+ -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
2005
+ -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2006
+ -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2007
+ -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2008
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2009
+ -1:00 EU AZO%sT
2010
+ Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2011
+ -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
2012
+ -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2013
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2014
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
2015
+
2016
+ # Romania
2017
+ #
2018
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2019
+ # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
2020
+ # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2021
+ # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2022
+ # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2023
+ # the same year as Bulgaria.
2024
+ #
2025
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2026
+ Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2027
+ Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2028
+ Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2029
+ Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2030
+ Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2031
+ Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2032
+ Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2033
+ Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2034
+ Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2035
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2036
+ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2037
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2038
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2039
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2040
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2041
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2042
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
2043
+
2044
+ # Russia
2045
+
2046
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2047
+ # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
2048
+ # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2049
+ # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2050
+ # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2051
+ # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2052
+ #
2053
+ # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2054
+ # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2055
+ # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2056
+ # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2057
+ # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2058
+ #
2059
+ # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2060
+ # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2061
+ # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2062
+ # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2063
+ # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2064
+ #
2065
+ # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2066
+ # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2067
+ # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2068
+ # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
2069
+ #
2070
+ # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
2071
+ # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2072
+ # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2073
+ # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
2074
+ # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
2075
+ # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
2076
+ #
2077
+ # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2078
+ # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
2079
+ # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
2080
+ # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2081
+ # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
2082
+ # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
2083
+ # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2084
+ # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2085
+ #
2086
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2087
+ #
2088
+ # Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
2089
+ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2090
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2091
+ 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2092
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2093
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2094
+ 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
2095
+ #
2096
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2097
+ # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
2098
+ # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
2099
+ # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
2100
+ # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
2101
+ # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
2102
+ # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
2103
+ # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
2104
+ # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
2105
+ # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
2106
+ # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
2107
+ # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
2108
+ # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
2109
+ # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
2110
+ # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
2111
+ # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
2112
+ # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
2113
+ # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
2114
+ # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
2115
+ # Yaroslavskaya oblast'
2116
+ Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
2117
+ 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2118
+ 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2119
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2120
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2121
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2122
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2123
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2124
+ 4:00 - MSK
2125
+ #
2126
+ # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
2127
+ # Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
2128
+ # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the
2129
+ # others? But we have no data.
2130
+ Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2131
+ 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2132
+ 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2133
+ 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2134
+ 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2135
+ 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2136
+ 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2137
+ 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2138
+ 4:00 - VOLT
2139
+ #
2140
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2141
+ # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
2142
+ Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2143
+ 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2144
+ 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2145
+ 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2146
+ 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2147
+ 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2148
+ 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2149
+ 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2150
+ 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2151
+ 4:00 - SAMT
2152
+
2153
+ #
2154
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2155
+ # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
2156
+ # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
2157
+ # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
2158
+ # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
2159
+ # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2160
+ Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2161
+ 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
2162
+ 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2163
+ 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2164
+ 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2165
+ 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time
2166
+ #
2167
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2168
+ # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
2169
+ Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2170
+ 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
2171
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2172
+ 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2173
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2174
+ 7:00 - OMST
2175
+ #
2176
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
2177
+ # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
2178
+ # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
2179
+ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2180
+ 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2181
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2182
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2183
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2184
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2185
+ 7:00 - NOVT
2186
+
2187
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2188
+ # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2189
+ # March 28, 2010:
2190
+ # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2191
+ # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2192
+ #
2193
+ # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
2194
+ # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2195
+ # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2196
+ #
2197
+ # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2198
+ # <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
2199
+ # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2200
+ # </a>
2201
+ # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2202
+ # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2203
+ # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
2204
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2205
+ # </a>
2206
+ #
2207
+ # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2208
+ # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2209
+ #
2210
+ # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2211
+ # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2212
+
2213
+ Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
2214
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2215
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2216
+ 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2217
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2218
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2219
+ 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
2220
+
2221
+ #
2222
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2223
+ # Krasnoyarskij kraj,
2224
+ # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
2225
+ # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2226
+ Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
2227
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2228
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2229
+ 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2230
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2231
+ 8:00 - KRAT
2232
+ #
2233
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2234
+ # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
2235
+ # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2236
+ Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
2237
+ 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2238
+ 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
2239
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2240
+ 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2241
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2242
+ 9:00 - IRKT
2243
+ #
2244
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2245
+ # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
2246
+ # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
2247
+
2248
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2249
+ # ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
2250
+ # Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
2251
+ # YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
2252
+
2253
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2254
+ # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
2255
+ # Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
2256
+ # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
2257
+ # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
2258
+ # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
2259
+ # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
2260
+
2261
+ Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2262
+ 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2263
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2264
+ 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2265
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2266
+ 10:00 - YAKT
2267
+ #
2268
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2269
+ # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
2270
+ # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2271
+
2272
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2273
+ # The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
2274
+ # Ust'-Yanskij.
2275
+ Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2276
+ 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
2277
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2278
+ 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2279
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2280
+ 11:00 - VLAT
2281
+ #
2282
+ # Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
2283
+ # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2284
+ Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2285
+ 9:00 - CJT 1938
2286
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2287
+ 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
2288
+ 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2289
+ 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2290
+ 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2291
+ 11:00 - SAKT
2292
+ #
2293
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2294
+ # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2295
+ # Probably also: Kuril Islands.
2296
+
2297
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2298
+ # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
2299
+ # Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
2300
+ Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2301
+ 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2302
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2303
+ 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2304
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2305
+ 12:00 - MAGT
2306
+ #
2307
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2308
+ # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2309
+ #
2310
+ # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
2311
+ Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2312
+ 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
2313
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2314
+ 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2315
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2316
+ 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2317
+ 12:00 - PETT
2318
+ #
2319
+ # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
2320
+ Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2321
+ 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2322
+ 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2323
+ 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2324
+ 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2325
+ 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2326
+ 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2327
+ 12:00 - ANAT
2328
+
2329
+ # Serbia
2330
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2331
+ Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2332
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2333
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2334
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
2335
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2336
+ # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
2337
+ # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2338
+ # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2339
+ 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2340
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
2341
+ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2342
+ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
2343
+ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2344
+ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2345
+ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2346
+
2347
+ # Slovakia
2348
+ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2349
+
2350
+ # Slovenia
2351
+ # see Serbia
2352
+
2353
+ # Spain
2354
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2355
+ # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
2356
+ # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2357
+ Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2358
+ Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2359
+ Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2360
+ Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2361
+ # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2362
+ Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2363
+ # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2364
+ Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
2365
+ Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2366
+ # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2367
+ Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2368
+ Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2369
+ Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2370
+ Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2371
+ # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
2372
+ # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2373
+ Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2374
+ Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2375
+ Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2376
+ Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2377
+ Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2378
+ # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2379
+ Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2380
+ Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2381
+ Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
2382
+ Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2383
+ Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2384
+ Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2385
+ Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2386
+ Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2387
+ Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2388
+ Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2389
+ Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
2390
+ Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
2391
+ Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2392
+ Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
2393
+ Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2394
+ # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
2395
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
2396
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2397
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
2398
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2399
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2400
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2401
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2402
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2403
+ Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2404
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2405
+ Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
2406
+ 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2407
+ 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2408
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
2409
+ Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2410
+ 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2411
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2412
+ 0:00 - WET 1924
2413
+ 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2414
+ 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2415
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
2416
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
2417
+ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2418
+ -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2419
+ 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2420
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2421
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
2422
+ # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2423
+ # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2424
+
2425
+ # Sweden
2426
+
2427
+ # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
2428
+ #
2429
+ # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
2430
+ # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
2431
+ # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
2432
+ # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
2433
+ # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
2434
+ #
2435
+ # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
2436
+ # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
2437
+ # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
2438
+ #
2439
+ # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
2440
+ # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
2441
+ # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
2442
+ # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
2443
+ # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
2444
+ # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
2445
+ # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
2446
+ # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
2447
+ #
2448
+ # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
2449
+ # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
2450
+ # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
2451
+ # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
2452
+ #
2453
+ # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
2454
+ # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
2455
+ # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
2456
+ # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
2457
+ # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
2458
+ # the Sok-button).
2459
+ #
2460
+ # (2001-05-13):
2461
+ #
2462
+ # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
2463
+ # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
2464
+ # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
2465
+ # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
2466
+ # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
2467
+ # hour before the event took place.
2468
+ #
2469
+ # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
2470
+
2471
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2472
+ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
2473
+ 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
2474
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
2475
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
2476
+ 1:00 - CET 1980
2477
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
2478
+
2479
+ # Switzerland
2480
+ # From Howse:
2481
+ # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2482
+ # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2483
+ # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2484
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2485
+ # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
2486
+ # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2487
+ # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2488
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2489
+ # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2490
+ # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2491
+
2492
+ # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
2493
+ # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
2494
+ #
2495
+ # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
2496
+ # to be wrong. This is now verified.
2497
+ #
2498
+ # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
2499
+ # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
2500
+ # federal law collection)...
2501
+ #
2502
+ # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
2503
+ # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
2504
+ #
2505
+ # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
2506
+ # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
2507
+ #
2508
+ # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
2509
+ # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
2510
+ # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
2511
+ # other years are made.
2512
+ #
2513
+ # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
2514
+ # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
2515
+ # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
2516
+ # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
2517
+ #
2518
+ # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
2519
+ # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
2520
+ # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
2521
+ # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
2522
+ #
2523
+ # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
2524
+ # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
2525
+ # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
2526
+ #
2527
+ # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
2528
+ #
2529
+ # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
2530
+ # most users of tzdata:
2531
+ # The zone file
2532
+ # Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
2533
+ # 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
2534
+ # 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2535
+ # 1:00 EU CE%sT
2536
+ # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
2537
+ # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
2538
+ # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
2539
+ # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
2540
+
2541
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2542
+ Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
2543
+ Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
2544
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2545
+ Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
2546
+ 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
2547
+ 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2548
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
2549
+
2550
+ # Turkey
2551
+
2552
+ # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
2553
+ # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
2554
+ # ... The latest rules are available at -
2555
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
2556
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
2557
+ # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
2558
+ # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
2559
+ # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
2560
+ # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
2561
+ # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
2562
+ # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
2563
+ # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
2564
+ # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
2565
+ # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
2566
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
2567
+ # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
2568
+
2569
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
2570
+ # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
2571
+ # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
2572
+ # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
2573
+ # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
2574
+ # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
2575
+ # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
2576
+ # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
2577
+ # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
2578
+
2579
+ # From G&ouml;kdeniz Karada&#x011f; (2011-03-10):
2580
+ #
2581
+ # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
2582
+ # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
2583
+ # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
2584
+ #
2585
+ # <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872">
2586
+ # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
2587
+ # </a>
2588
+ # Turkish:
2589
+ # <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373">
2590
+ # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
2591
+ # </a>
2592
+
2593
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2594
+ Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2595
+ Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2596
+ Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2597
+ Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2598
+ Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2599
+ Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2600
+ Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2601
+ Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2602
+ # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
2603
+ # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2604
+ Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
2605
+ Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2606
+ Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2607
+ Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
2608
+ Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
2609
+ Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
2610
+ Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2611
+ Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2612
+ # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
2613
+ # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2614
+ Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2615
+ Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
2616
+ Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2617
+ Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2618
+ Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2619
+ Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
2620
+ Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2621
+ Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
2622
+ Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
2623
+ Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2624
+ Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2625
+ Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
2626
+ Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2627
+ Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
2628
+ Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2629
+ Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2630
+ Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2631
+ Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
2632
+ Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
2633
+ Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2634
+ Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
2635
+ Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
2636
+ Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
2637
+ Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2638
+ Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2639
+ Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2640
+ Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
2641
+ Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
2642
+ Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
2643
+ Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
2644
+ Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
2645
+ Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
2646
+ Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2647
+ Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
2648
+ Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
2649
+ Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2650
+ Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2651
+ Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2652
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2653
+ Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2654
+ 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2655
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2656
+ 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2657
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
2658
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
2659
+ 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
2660
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
2661
+ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2662
+
2663
+ # Ukraine
2664
+ #
2665
+ # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
2666
+ # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
2667
+ # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
2668
+ # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
2669
+ # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
2670
+ # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
2671
+ # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
2672
+
2673
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
2674
+ # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
2675
+ # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
2676
+ #
2677
+ # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
2678
+ # approval from 266 deputies.
2679
+ #
2680
+ # Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
2681
+ # <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/">
2682
+ # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
2683
+ # </a>
2684
+ #
2685
+ # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
2686
+ # <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html">
2687
+ # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
2688
+ # </a>
2689
+ #
2690
+ # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
2691
+ # <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/">
2692
+ # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
2693
+ # </a>
2694
+ #
2695
+ # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
2696
+ # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
2697
+ # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
2698
+ # time this year after all.
2699
+ #
2700
+ # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
2701
+ # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone
2702
+ # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
2703
+ # to Russia) was reverted today:
2704
+ #
2705
+ # <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995">
2706
+ # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
2707
+ # </a>
2708
+ #
2709
+ # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
2710
+ # The law documents themselves are at
2711
+ #
2712
+ # <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484">
2713
+ # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
2714
+ # </a>
2715
+
2716
+
2717
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2718
+ # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
2719
+ # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
2720
+ # "Kiev" is more common in English.
2721
+ Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2722
+ 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
2723
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2724
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
2725
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
2726
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2727
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2728
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
2729
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2730
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
2731
+ # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
2732
+ # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
2733
+ # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
2734
+ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
2735
+ 1:00 - CET 1940
2736
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
2737
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
2738
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
2739
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2740
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2741
+ 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
2742
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
2743
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2744
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
2745
+ # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
2746
+ # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
2747
+ # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
2748
+ # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
2749
+ # portable Posix file names.
2750
+ Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
2751
+ 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
2752
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2753
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
2754
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
2755
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2756
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2757
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
2758
+ # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2759
+ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2760
+ 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2761
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2762
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2763
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2764
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2765
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2766
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
2767
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2768
+ # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2769
+ # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2770
+ # Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
2771
+ # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2772
+ # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2773
+ # changed in May.
2774
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2775
+ # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2776
+ 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2777
+ 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2778
+ # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2779
+ # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2780
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2781
+ 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2782
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
2783
+
2784
+ ###############################################################################
2785
+
2786
+ # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2787
+ # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2788
+ # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2789
+ #
2790
+ # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2791
+ # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
2792
+ # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
2793
+ # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
2794
+ # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
2795
+ # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
2796
+
2797
+ # ...
2798
+ # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
2799
+ # From: Tom Hofmann
2800
+ # ...
2801
+ #
2802
+ # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
2803
+ # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
2804
+ # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
2805
+ # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
2806
+ # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
2807
+ # years...
2808
+ # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
2809
+ # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
2810
+ # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
2811
+ # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
2812
+ #
2813
+ # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
2814
+ # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
2815
+ #
2816
+ # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
2817
+ # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
2818
+ # ...
2819
+
2820
+ # ...
2821
+ # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
2822
+ # From: Dik T. Winter
2823
+ # ...
2824
+ #
2825
+ # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
2826
+ # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
2827
+ # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
2828
+ #
2829
+ # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
2830
+ # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
2831
+ # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
2832
+ # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
2833
+ # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
2834
+ # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
2835
+ # dates...
2836
+ #
2837
+ # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
2838
+ # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
2839
+ # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
2840
+ # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
2841
+ # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
2842
+ # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
2843
+ # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
2844
+ # in advance of normal time.
2845
+ #
2846
+ # ...
2847
+ # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
2848
+ # ...
2849
+
2850
+ # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2851
+ # ...
2852
+ # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2853
+ # Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2854
+ # ...
2855
+ # Monaco: has same DST as France.
2856
+ # ...