rails3_markitup 0.0.1

data/app/assets/javascripts/jquery.markitup.js

@@ -0,0 +1,593 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// markItUp! Universal MarkUp Engine, JQuery plugin
+// v 1.1.x
+// Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Jay Salvat
+// http://markitup.jaysalvat.com/
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+(function($) {
+	$.fn.markItUp = function(settings, extraSettings) {
+		var options, ctrlKey, shiftKey, altKey;
+		ctrlKey = shiftKey = altKey = false;
+	
+		options = {	id:						'',
+					nameSpace:				'',
+					root:					'',
+					previewInWindow:		'', // 'width=800, height=600, resizable=yes, scrollbars=yes'
+					previewAutoRefresh:		true,
+					previewPosition:		'after',
+					previewTemplatePath:	'~/templates/preview.html',
+					previewParser:			false,
+					previewParserPath:		'',
+					previewParserVar:		'data',
+					resizeHandle:			true,
+					beforeInsert:			'',
+					afterInsert:			'',
+					onEnter:				{},
+					onShiftEnter:			{},
+					onCtrlEnter:			{},
+					onTab:					{},
+					markupSet:			[	{ /* set */ } ]
+				};
+		$.extend(options, settings, extraSettings);
+
+		// compute markItUp! path
+		if (!options.root) {
+			$('script').each(function(a, tag) {
+				miuScript = $(tag).get(0).src.match(/(.*)jquery\.markitup(\.pack)?\.js$/);
+				if (miuScript !== null) {
+					options.root = miuScript[1];
+				}
+			});
+		}
+
+		return this.each(function() {
+			var $$, textarea, levels, scrollPosition, caretPosition, caretOffset,
+				clicked, hash, header, footer, previewWindow, template, iFrame, abort;
+			$$ = $(this);
+			textarea = this;
+			levels = [];
+			abort = false;
+			scrollPosition = caretPosition = 0;
+			caretOffset = -1;
+
+			options.previewParserPath = localize(options.previewParserPath);
+			options.previewTemplatePath = localize(options.previewTemplatePath);
+
+			// apply the computed path to ~/
+			function localize(data, inText) {
+				if (inText) {
+					return 	data.replace(/("|')~\//g, "$1"+options.root);
+				}
+				return 	data.replace(/^~\//, options.root);
+			}
+
+			// init and build editor
+			function init() {
+				id = ''; nameSpace = '';
+				if (options.id) {
+					id = 'id="'+options.id+'"';
+				} else if ($$.attr("id")) {
+					id = 'id="markItUp'+($$.attr("id").substr(0, 1).toUpperCase())+($$.attr("id").substr(1))+'"';
+
+				}
+				if (options.nameSpace) {
+					nameSpace = 'class="'+options.nameSpace+'"';
+				}
+				$$.wrap('<div '+nameSpace+'></div>');
+				$$.wrap('<div '+id+' class="markItUp"></div>');
+				$$.wrap('<div class="markItUpContainer"></div>');
+				$$.addClass("markItUpEditor");
+
+				// add the header before the textarea
+				header = $('<div class="markItUpHeader"></div>').insertBefore($$);
+				$(dropMenus(options.markupSet)).appendTo(header);
+
+				// add the footer after the textarea
+				footer = $('<div class="markItUpFooter"></div>').insertAfter($$);
+
+				// add the resize handle after textarea
+				if (options.resizeHandle === true && $.browser.safari !== true) {
+					resizeHandle = $('<div class="markItUpResizeHandle"></div>')
+						.insertAfter($$)
+						.bind("mousedown", function(e) {
+							var h = $$.height(), y = e.clientY, mouseMove, mouseUp;
+							mouseMove = function(e) {
+								$$.css("height", Math.max(20, e.clientY+h-y)+"px");
+								return false;
+							};
+							mouseUp = function(e) {
+								$("html").unbind("mousemove", mouseMove).unbind("mouseup", mouseUp);
+								return false;
+							};
+							$("html").bind("mousemove", mouseMove).bind("mouseup", mouseUp);
+					});
+					footer.append(resizeHandle);
+				}
+
+				// listen key events
+				$$.keydown(keyPressed).keyup(keyPressed);
+				
+				// bind an event to catch external calls
+				$$.bind("insertion", function(e, settings) {
+					if (settings.target !== false) {
+						get();
+					}
+					if (textarea === $.markItUp.focused) {
+						markup(settings);
+					}
+				});
+
+				// remember the last focus
+				$$.focus(function() {
+					$.markItUp.focused = this;
+				});
+			}
+
+			// recursively build header with dropMenus from markupset
+			function dropMenus(markupSet) {
+				var ul = $('<ul></ul>'), i = 0;
+				$('li:hover > ul', ul).css('display', 'block');
+				$.each(markupSet, function() {
+					var button = this, t = '', title, li, j;
+					title = (button.key) ? (button.name||'')+' [Ctrl+'+button.key+']' : (button.name||'');
+					key   = (button.key) ? 'accesskey="'+button.key+'"' : '';
+					if (button.separator) {
+						li = $('<li class="markItUpSeparator">'+(button.separator||'')+'</li>').appendTo(ul);
+					} else {
+						i++;
+						for (j = levels.length -1; j >= 0; j--) {
+							t += levels[j]+"-";
+						}
+						li = $('<li class="markItUpButton markItUpButton'+t+(i)+' '+(button.className||'')+'"><a href="" '+key+' title="'+title+'">'+(button.name||'')+'</a></li>')
+						.bind("contextmenu", function() { // prevent contextmenu on mac and allow ctrl+click
+							return false;
+						}).click(function() {
+							return false;
+						}).bind("focusin", function(){
+                            $$.focus();
+						}).mouseup(function() {
+							if (button.call) {
+								eval(button.call)();
+							}
+							setTimeout(function() { markup(button) },1);
+							return false;
+						}).hover(function() {
+								$('> ul', this).show();
+								$(document).one('click', function() { // close dropmenu if click outside
+										$('ul ul', header).hide();
+									}
+								);
+							}, function() {
+								$('> ul', this).hide();
+							}
+						).appendTo(ul);
+						if (button.dropMenu) {
+							levels.push(i);
+							$(li).addClass('markItUpDropMenu').append(dropMenus(button.dropMenu));
+						}
+					}
+				}); 
+				levels.pop();
+				return ul;
+			}
+
+			// markItUp! markups
+			function magicMarkups(string) {
+				if (string) {
+					string = string.toString();
+					string = string.replace(/\(\!\(([\s\S]*?)\)\!\)/g,
+						function(x, a) {
+							var b = a.split('|!|');
+							if (altKey === true) {
+								return (b[1] !== undefined) ? b[1] : b[0];
+							} else {
+								return (b[1] === undefined) ? "" : b[0];
+							}
+						}
+					);
+					// [![prompt]!], [![prompt:!:value]!]
+					string = string.replace(/\[\!\[([\s\S]*?)\]\!\]/g,
+						function(x, a) {
+							var b = a.split(':!:');
+							if (abort === true) {
+								return false;
+							}
+							value = prompt(b[0], (b[1]) ? b[1] : '');
+							if (value === null) {
+								abort = true;
+							}
+							return value;
+						}
+					);
+					return string;
+				}
+				return "";
+			}
+
+			// prepare action
+			function prepare(action) {
+				if ($.isFunction(action)) {
+					action = action(hash);
+				}
+				return magicMarkups(action);
+			}
+
+			// build block to insert
+			function build(string) {
+				var openWith 			= prepare(clicked.openWith);
+				var placeHolder 		= prepare(clicked.placeHolder);
+				var replaceWith 		= prepare(clicked.replaceWith);
+				var closeWith 			= prepare(clicked.closeWith);
+				var openBlockWith 		= prepare(clicked.openBlockWith);
+				var closeBlockWith 		= prepare(clicked.closeBlockWith);
+				var multiline 			= clicked.multiline;
+				
+				if (replaceWith !== "") {
+					block = openWith + replaceWith + closeWith;
+				} else if (selection === '' && placeHolder !== '') {
+					block = openWith + placeHolder + closeWith;
+				} else {
+					string = string || selection;
+
+					var lines = selection.split(/\r?\n/), blocks = [];
+					
+					for (var l=0; l < lines.length; l++) {
+						line = lines[l];
+						var trailingSpaces;
+						if (trailingSpaces = line.match(/ *$/)) {
+							blocks.push(openWith + line.replace(/ *$/g, '') + closeWith + trailingSpaces);
+						} else {
+							blocks.push(openWith + line + closeWith);
+						}
+					}
+					
+					block = blocks.join("\n");
+				}
+
+				block = openBlockWith + block + closeBlockWith;
+
+				return {	block:block, 
+							openWith:openWith, 
+							replaceWith:replaceWith, 
+							placeHolder:placeHolder,
+							closeWith:closeWith
+					};
+			}
+
+			// define markup to insert
+			function markup(button) {
+				var len, j, n, i;
+				hash = clicked = button;
+				get();
+				$.extend(hash, {	line:"", 
+						 			root:options.root,
+									textarea:textarea, 
+									selection:(selection||''), 
+									caretPosition:caretPosition,
+									ctrlKey:ctrlKey, 
+									shiftKey:shiftKey, 
+									altKey:altKey
+								}
+							);
+				// callbacks before insertion
+				prepare(options.beforeInsert);
+				prepare(clicked.beforeInsert);
+				if ((ctrlKey === true && shiftKey === true) || button.multiline === true) {
+					prepare(clicked.beforeMultiInsert);
+				}			
+				$.extend(hash, { line:1 });
+
+				if ((ctrlKey === true && shiftKey === true)) {
+					lines = selection.split(/\r?\n/);
+					for (j = 0, n = lines.length, i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+						if ($.trim(lines[i]) !== '') {
+							$.extend(hash, { line:++j, selection:lines[i] } );
+							lines[i] = build(lines[i]).block;
+						} else {
+							lines[i] = "";
+						}
+					}
+					string = { block:lines.join('\n')};
+					start = caretPosition;
+					len = string.block.length + (($.browser.opera) ? n-1 : 0);
+				} else if (ctrlKey === true) {
+					string = build(selection);
+					start = caretPosition + string.openWith.length;
+					len = string.block.length - string.openWith.length - string.closeWith.length;
+					len = len - (string.block.match(/ $/) ? 1 : 0);
+					len -= fixIeBug(string.block);
+				} else if (shiftKey === true) {
+					string = build(selection);
+					start = caretPosition;
+					len = string.block.length;
+					len -= fixIeBug(string.block);
+				} else {
+					string = build(selection);
+					start = caretPosition + string.block.length ;
+					len = 0;
+					start -= fixIeBug(string.block);
+				}
+				if ((selection === '' && string.replaceWith === '')) {
+					caretOffset += fixOperaBug(string.block);
+					
+					start = caretPosition + string.openWith.length;
+					len = string.block.length - string.openWith.length - string.closeWith.length;
+
+					caretOffset = $$.val().substring(caretPosition,  $$.val().length).length;
+					caretOffset -= fixOperaBug($$.val().substring(0, caretPosition));
+				}
+				$.extend(hash, { caretPosition:caretPosition, scrollPosition:scrollPosition } );
+
+				if (string.block !== selection && abort === false) {
+					insert(string.block);
+					set(start, len);
+				} else {
+					caretOffset = -1;
+				}
+				get();
+
+				$.extend(hash, { line:'', selection:selection });
+
+				// callbacks after insertion
+				if ((ctrlKey === true && shiftKey === true) || button.multiline === true) {
+					prepare(clicked.afterMultiInsert);
+				}
+				prepare(clicked.afterInsert);
+				prepare(options.afterInsert);
+
+				// refresh preview if opened
+				if (previewWindow && options.previewAutoRefresh) {
+					refreshPreview(); 
+				}
+																									
+				// reinit keyevent
+				shiftKey = altKey = ctrlKey = abort = false;
+			}
+
+			// Substract linefeed in Opera
+			function fixOperaBug(string) {
+				if ($.browser.opera) {
+					return string.length - string.replace(/\n*/g, '').length;
+				}
+				return 0;
+			}
+			// Substract linefeed in IE
+			function fixIeBug(string) {
+				if ($.browser.msie) {
+					return string.length - string.replace(/\r*/g, '').length;
+				}
+				return 0;
+			}
+				
+			// add markup
+			function insert(block) {	
+				if (document.selection) {
+					var newSelection = document.selection.createRange();
+					newSelection.text = block;
+				} else {
+					textarea.value =  textarea.value.substring(0, caretPosition)  + block + textarea.value.substring(caretPosition + selection.length, textarea.value.length);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// set a selection
+			function set(start, len) {
+				if (textarea.createTextRange){
+					// quick fix to make it work on Opera 9.5
+					if ($.browser.opera && $.browser.version >= 9.5 && len == 0) {
+						return false;
+					}
+					range = textarea.createTextRange();
+					range.collapse(true);
+					range.moveStart('character', start); 
+					range.moveEnd('character', len); 
+					range.select();
+				} else if (textarea.setSelectionRange ){
+					textarea.setSelectionRange(start, start + len);
+				}
+				textarea.scrollTop = scrollPosition;
+				textarea.focus();
+			}
+
+			// get the selection
+			function get() {
+				textarea.focus();
+
+				scrollPosition = textarea.scrollTop;
+				if (document.selection) {
+					selection = document.selection.createRange().text;
+					if ($.browser.msie) { // ie
+						var range = document.selection.createRange(), rangeCopy = range.duplicate();
+						rangeCopy.moveToElementText(textarea);
+						caretPosition = -1;
+						while(rangeCopy.inRange(range)) {
+							rangeCopy.moveStart('character');
+							caretPosition ++;
+						}
+					} else { // opera
+						caretPosition = textarea.selectionStart;
+					}
+				} else { // gecko & webkit
+					caretPosition = textarea.selectionStart;
+
+					selection = textarea.value.substring(caretPosition, textarea.selectionEnd);
+				} 
+				return selection;
+			}
+
+			// open preview window
+			function preview() {
+				if (!previewWindow || previewWindow.closed) {
+					if (options.previewInWindow) {
+						previewWindow = window.open('', 'preview', options.previewInWindow);
+						$(window).unload(function() {
+							previewWindow.close();
+						});
+					} else {
+						iFrame = $('<iframe class="markItUpPreviewFrame"></iframe>');
+						if (options.previewPosition == 'after') {
+							iFrame.insertAfter(footer);
+						} else {
+							iFrame.insertBefore(header);
+						}	
+						previewWindow = iFrame[iFrame.length - 1].contentWindow || frame[iFrame.length - 1];
+					}
+				} else if (altKey === true) {
+					if (iFrame) {
+						iFrame.remove();
+					} else {
+						previewWindow.close();
+					}
+					previewWindow = iFrame = false;
+				}
+				if (!options.previewAutoRefresh) {
+					refreshPreview(); 
+				}
+				if (options.previewInWindow) {
+					previewWindow.focus();
+				}
+			}
+
+			// refresh Preview window
+			function refreshPreview() {
+ 				renderPreview();
+			}
+
+			function renderPreview() {		
+				var phtml;
+				if (options.previewParser && typeof options.previewParser === 'function') {
+					var data = options.previewParser( $$.val() );
+					writeInPreview( localize(data, 1) ); 
+				} else if (options.previewParserPath !== '') {
+					$.ajax({
+						type: 'POST',
+						dataType: 'text',
+						global: false,
+						url: options.previewParserPath,
+						data: options.previewParserVar+'='+encodeURIComponent($$.val()),
+						success: function(data) {
+							writeInPreview( localize(data, 1) ); 
+						}
+					});
+				} else {
+					if (!template) {
+						$.ajax({
+							url: options.previewTemplatePath,
+							dataType: 'text',
+							global: false,
+							success: function(data) {
+								writeInPreview( localize(data, 1).replace(/<!-- content -->/g, $$.val()) );
+							}
+						});
+					}
+				}
+				return false;
+			}
+			
+			function writeInPreview(data) {
+				if (previewWindow.document) {			
+					try {
+						sp = previewWindow.document.documentElement.scrollTop
+					} catch(e) {
+						sp = 0;
+					}	
+					previewWindow.document.open();
+					previewWindow.document.write(data);
+					previewWindow.document.close();
+					previewWindow.document.documentElement.scrollTop = sp;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			// set keys pressed
+			function keyPressed(e) { 
+				shiftKey = e.shiftKey;
+				altKey = e.altKey;
+				ctrlKey = (!(e.altKey && e.ctrlKey)) ? (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) : false;
+
+				if (e.type === 'keydown') {
+					if (ctrlKey === true) {
+						li = $('a[accesskey="'+String.fromCharCode(e.keyCode)+'"]', header).parent('li');
+						if (li.length !== 0) {
+							ctrlKey = false;
+							setTimeout(function() {
+								li.triggerHandler('mouseup');
+							},1);
+							return false;
+						}
+					}
+					if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 10) { // Enter key
+						if (ctrlKey === true) {  // Enter + Ctrl
+							ctrlKey = false;
+							markup(options.onCtrlEnter);
+							return options.onCtrlEnter.keepDefault;
+						} else if (shiftKey === true) { // Enter + Shift
+							shiftKey = false;
+							markup(options.onShiftEnter);
+							return options.onShiftEnter.keepDefault;
+						} else { // only Enter
+							markup(options.onEnter);
+							return options.onEnter.keepDefault;
+						}
+					}
+					if (e.keyCode === 9) { // Tab key
+						if (shiftKey == true || ctrlKey == true || altKey == true) {
+							return false; 
+						}
+						if (caretOffset !== -1) {
+							get();
+							caretOffset = $$.val().length - caretOffset;
+							set(caretOffset, 0);
+							caretOffset = -1;
+							return false;
+						} else {
+							markup(options.onTab);
+							return options.onTab.keepDefault;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			init();
+		});
+	};
+
+	$.fn.markItUpRemove = function() {
+		return this.each(function() {
+				var $$ = $(this).unbind().removeClass('markItUpEditor');
+				$$.parent('div').parent('div.markItUp').parent('div').replaceWith($$);
+			}
+		);
+	};
+
+	$.markItUp = function(settings) {
+		var options = { target:false };
+		$.extend(options, settings);
+		if (options.target) {
+			return $(options.target).each(function() {
+				$(this).focus();
+				$(this).trigger('insertion', [options]);
+			});
+		} else {
+			$('textarea').trigger('insertion', [options]);
+		}
+	};
+})(jQuery);

data/app/assets/javascripts/sets/default/set.js

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// markItUp!
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Copyright (C) 2011 Jay Salvat
+// http://markitup.jaysalvat.com/
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Html tags
+// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/html
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Basic set. Feel free to add more tags
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+var mySettings = {
+  previewParserPath: '/markitup/parsers/default',
+	onShiftEnter:  	{keepDefault:false, replaceWith:'<br />\n'},
+	onCtrlEnter:  	{keepDefault:false, openWith:'\n<p>', closeWith:'</p>'},
+	onTab:    		{keepDefault:false, replaceWith:'    '},
+	markupSet:  [ 	
+		{name:'Bold', key:'B', openWith:'(!(<strong>|!|<b>)!)', closeWith:'(!(</strong>|!|</b>)!)' },
+		{name:'Italic', key:'I', openWith:'(!(<em>|!|<i>)!)', closeWith:'(!(</em>|!|</i>)!)'  },
+		{name:'Stroke through', key:'S', openWith:'<del>', closeWith:'</del>' },
+		{separator:'---------------' },
+		{name:'Bulleted List', openWith:'    <li>', closeWith:'</li>', multiline:true, openBlockWith:'<ul>\n', closeBlockWith:'\n</ul>'},
+		{name:'Numeric List', openWith:'    <li>', closeWith:'</li>', multiline:true, openBlockWith:'<ol>\n', closeBlockWith:'\n</ol>'},
+		{separator:'---------------' },
+		{name:'Picture', key:'P', replaceWith:'<img src="[![Source:!:http://]!]" alt="[![Alternative text]!]" />' },
+		{name:'Link', key:'L', openWith:'<a href="[![Link:!:http://]!]"(!( title="[![Title]!]")!)>', closeWith:'</a>', placeHolder:'Your text to link...' },
+		{separator:'---------------' },
+		{name:'Clean', className:'clean', replaceWith:function(markitup) { return markitup.selection.replace(/<(.*?)>/g, "") } },		
+		{name:'Preview', className:'preview',  call:'preview'}
+	]
+}

data/app/assets/javascripts/sets/markdown/set.js

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// markItUp!
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Copyright (C) 2008 Jay Salvat
+// http://markitup.jaysalvat.com/
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+myMarkdownSettings = {
+    nameSpace:          'markdown', // Useful to prevent multi-instances CSS conflict
+    previewTemplatePath:  '/markitup/previews.html',
+    previewParserPath: '/markitup/parsers/markdown',
+    onShiftEnter:       {keepDefault:false, openWith:'\n\n'},
+    markupSet: [
+        {name:'First Level Heading', key:"1", placeHolder:'Your title here...', closeWith:function(markItUp) { return miu.markdownTitle(markItUp, '=') } },
+        {name:'Second Level Heading', key:"2", placeHolder:'Your title here...', closeWith:function(markItUp) { return miu.markdownTitle(markItUp, '-') } },
+        {name:'Heading 3', key:"3", openWith:'### ', placeHolder:'Your title here...' },
+        {name:'Heading 4', key:"4", openWith:'#### ', placeHolder:'Your title here...' },
+        {name:'Heading 5', key:"5", openWith:'##### ', placeHolder:'Your title here...' },
+        {name:'Heading 6', key:"6", openWith:'###### ', placeHolder:'Your title here...' },
+        {separator:'---------------' },        
+        {name:'Bold', key:"B", openWith:'**', closeWith:'**'},
+        {name:'Italic', key:"I", openWith:'_', closeWith:'_'},
+        {separator:'---------------' },
+        {name:'Bulleted List', openWith:'- ' },
+        {name:'Numeric List', openWith:function(markItUp) {
+            return markItUp.line+'. ';
+        }},
+        {separator:'---------------' },
+        {name:'Picture', key:"P", replaceWith:'![[![Alternative text]!]]([![Url:!:http://]!] "[![Title]!]")'},
+        {name:'Link', key:"L", openWith:'[', closeWith:']([![Url:!:http://]!] "[![Title]!]")', placeHolder:'Your text to link here...' },
+        {separator:'---------------'},    
+        {name:'Quotes', openWith:'> '},
+        {name:'Code Block / Code', openWith:'(!(\t|!|`)!)', closeWith:'(!(`)!)'},
+        {separator:'---------------'},
+        {name:'Preview', call:'preview', className:"preview"}
+    ]
+}
+
+// mIu nameSpace to avoid conflict.
+miu = {
+    markdownTitle: function(markItUp, char) {
+        heading = '';
+        n = $.trim(markItUp.selection||markItUp.placeHolder).length;
+        for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            heading += char;
+        }
+        return '\n'+heading+'\n';
+    }
+}