rails 4.2.11.3 → 5.0.0.beta1

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- Ruby on Rails 4.2 Release Notes
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- ===============================
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-
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- Highlights in Rails 4.2:
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-
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- * Active Job
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- * Asynchronous mails
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- * Adequate Record
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- * Web Console
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- * Foreign key support
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-
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- These release notes cover only the major changes. To learn about other
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- features, bug fixes, and changes, please refer to the changelogs or check out
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- the [list of commits](https://github.com/rails/rails/commits/4-2-stable) in
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- the main Rails repository on GitHub.
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-
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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- Upgrading to Rails 4.2
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- ----------------------
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-
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- If you're upgrading an existing application, it's a great idea to have good test
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- coverage before going in. You should also first upgrade to Rails 4.1 in case you
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- haven't and make sure your application still runs as expected before attempting
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- to upgrade to Rails 4.2. A list of things to watch out for when upgrading is
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- available in the guide [Upgrading Ruby on
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- Rails](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#upgrading-from-rails-4-1-to-rails-4-2).
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-
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-
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- Major Features
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- --------------
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-
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- ### Active Job
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-
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- Active Job is a new framework in Rails 4.2. It is a common interface on top of
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- queuing systems like [Resque](https://github.com/resque/resque), [Delayed
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- Job](https://github.com/collectiveidea/delayed_job),
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- [Sidekiq](https://github.com/mperham/sidekiq), and more.
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-
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- Jobs written with the Active Job API run on any of the supported queues thanks
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- to their respective adapters. Active Job comes pre-configured with an inline
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- runner that executes jobs right away.
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-
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- Jobs often need to take Active Record objects as arguments. Active Job passes
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- object references as URIs (uniform resource identifiers) instead of marshaling
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- the object itself. The new [Global ID](https://github.com/rails/globalid)
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- library builds URIs and looks up the objects they reference. Passing Active
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- Record objects as job arguments just works by using Global ID internally.
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-
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- For example, if `trashable` is an Active Record object, then this job runs
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- just fine with no serialization involved:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- class TrashableCleanupJob < ActiveJob::Base
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- def perform(trashable, depth)
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- trashable.cleanup(depth)
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- end
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- end
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- ```
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-
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- See the [Active Job Basics](active_job_basics.html) guide for more
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- information.
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-
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- ### Asynchronous Mails
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-
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- Building on top of Active Job, Action Mailer now comes with a `deliver_later`
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- method that sends emails via the queue, so it doesn't block the controller or
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- model if the queue is asynchronous (the default inline queue blocks).
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-
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- Sending emails right away is still possible with `deliver_now`.
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-
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- ### Adequate Record
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-
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- Adequate Record is a set of performance improvements in Active Record that makes
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- common `find` and `find_by` calls and some association queries up to 2x faster.
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-
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- It works by caching common SQL queries as prepared statements and reusing them
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- on similar calls, skipping most of the query-generation work on subsequent
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- calls. For more details, please refer to [Aaron Patterson's blog
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- post](http://tenderlovemaking.com/2014/02/19/adequaterecord-pro-like-activerecord.html).
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-
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- Active Record will automatically take advantage of this feature on
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- supported operations without any user involvement or code changes. Here are
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- some examples of supported operations:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- Post.find(1) # First call generates and cache the prepared statement
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- Post.find(2) # Subsequent calls reuse the cached prepared statement
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-
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- Post.find_by_title('first post')
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- Post.find_by_title('second post')
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-
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- Post.find_by(title: 'first post')
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- Post.find_by(title: 'second post')
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-
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- post.comments
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- post.comments(true)
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- ```
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-
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- It's important to highlight that, as the examples above suggest, the prepared
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- statements do not cache the values passed in the method calls; rather, they
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- have placeholders for them.
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-
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- Caching is not used in the following scenarios:
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-
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- - The model has a default scope
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- - The model uses single table inheritance
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- - `find` with a list of ids, e.g.:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # not cached
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- Post.find(1, 2, 3)
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- Post.find([1,2])
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- ```
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-
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- - `find_by` with SQL fragments:
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-
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- ```ruby
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- Post.find_by('published_at < ?', 2.weeks.ago)
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- ```
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-
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- ### Web Console
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-
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- New applications generated with Rails 4.2 now come with the [Web
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- Console](https://github.com/rails/web-console) gem by default. Web Console adds
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- an interactive Ruby console on every error page and provides a `console` view
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- and controller helpers.
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-
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- The interactive console on error pages lets you execute code in the context of
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- the place where the exception originated. The `console` helper, if called
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- anywhere in a view or controller, launches an interactive console with the final
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- context, once rendering has completed.
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-
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- ### Foreign Key Support
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-
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- The migration DSL now supports adding and removing foreign keys. They are dumped
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- to `schema.rb` as well. At this time, only the `mysql`, `mysql2` and `postgresql`
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- adapters support foreign keys.
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-
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- ```ruby
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- # add a foreign key to `articles.author_id` referencing `authors.id`
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- add_foreign_key :articles, :authors
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-
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- # add a foreign key to `articles.author_id` referencing `users.lng_id`
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- add_foreign_key :articles, :users, column: :author_id, primary_key: "lng_id"
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-
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- # remove the foreign key on `accounts.branch_id`
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- remove_foreign_key :accounts, :branches
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-
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- # remove the foreign key on `accounts.owner_id`
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- remove_foreign_key :accounts, column: :owner_id
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- ```
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-
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- See the API documentation on
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- [add_foreign_key](http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.2.0/classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/SchemaStatements.html#method-i-add_foreign_key)
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- and
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- [remove_foreign_key](http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.2.0/classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/SchemaStatements.html#method-i-remove_foreign_key)
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- for a full description.
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-
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-
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- Incompatibilities
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- -----------------
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-
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- Previously deprecated functionality has been removed. Please refer to the
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- individual components for new deprecations in this release.
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-
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- The following changes may require immediate action upon upgrade.
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-
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- ### `render` with a String Argument
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-
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- Previously, calling `render "foo/bar"` in a controller action was equivalent to
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- `render file: "foo/bar"`. In Rails 4.2, this has been changed to mean
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- `render template: "foo/bar"` instead. If you need to render a file, please
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- change your code to use the explicit form (`render file: "foo/bar"`) instead.
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-
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- ### `respond_with` / Class-Level `respond_to`
177
-
178
- `respond_with` and the corresponding class-level `respond_to` have been moved
179
- to the [responders](https://github.com/plataformatec/responders) gem. Add
180
- `gem 'responders', '~> 2.0'` to your Gemfile to use it:
181
-
182
- ```ruby
183
- # app/controllers/users_controller.rb
184
-
185
- class UsersController < ApplicationController
186
- respond_to :html, :json
187
-
188
- def show
189
- @user = User.find(params[:id])
190
- respond_with @user
191
- end
192
- end
193
- ```
194
-
195
- Instance-level `respond_to` is unaffected:
196
-
197
- ```ruby
198
- # app/controllers/users_controller.rb
199
-
200
- class UsersController < ApplicationController
201
- def show
202
- @user = User.find(params[:id])
203
- respond_to do |format|
204
- format.html
205
- format.json { render json: @user }
206
- end
207
- end
208
- end
209
- ```
210
-
211
- ### Default Host for `rails server`
212
-
213
- Due to a [change in Rack](https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/28b014484a8ac0bbb388e7eaeeef159598ec64fc),
214
- `rails server` now listens on `localhost` instead of `0.0.0.0` by default. This
215
- should have minimal impact on the standard development workflow as both
216
- http://127.0.0.1:3000 and http://localhost:3000 will continue to work as before
217
- on your own machine.
218
-
219
- However, with this change you will no longer be able to access the Rails
220
- server from a different machine, for example if your development environment
221
- is in a virtual machine and you would like to access it from the host machine.
222
- In such cases, please start the server with `rails server -b 0.0.0.0` to
223
- restore the old behavior.
224
-
225
- If you do this, be sure to configure your firewall properly such that only
226
- trusted machines on your network can access your development server.
227
-
228
- ### HTML Sanitizer
229
-
230
- The HTML sanitizer has been replaced with a new, more robust, implementation
231
- built upon [Loofah](https://github.com/flavorjones/loofah) and
232
- [Nokogiri](https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri). The new sanitizer is
233
- more secure and its sanitization is more powerful and flexible.
234
-
235
- Due to the new algorithm, the sanitized output may be different for certain
236
- pathological inputs.
237
-
238
- If you have a particular need for the exact output of the old sanitizer, you
239
- can add the [rails-deprecated_sanitizer](https://github.com/kaspth/rails-deprecated_sanitizer)
240
- gem to the `Gemfile`, to have the old behavior. The gem does not issue
241
- deprecation warnings because it is opt-in.
242
-
243
- `rails-deprecated_sanitizer` will be supported for Rails 4.2 only; it will not
244
- be maintained for Rails 5.0.
245
-
246
- See [this blog post](http://blog.plataformatec.com.br/2014/07/the-new-html-sanitizer-in-rails-4-2/)
247
- for more details on the changes in the new sanitizer.
248
-
249
- ### `assert_select`
250
-
251
- `assert_select` is now based on [Nokogiri](https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri).
252
- As a result, some previously-valid selectors are now unsupported. If your
253
- application is using any of these spellings, you will need to update them:
254
-
255
- * Values in attribute selectors may need to be quoted if they contain
256
- non-alphanumeric characters.
257
-
258
- ```
259
- # before
260
- a[href=/]
261
- a[href$=/]
262
-
263
- # now
264
- a[href="/"]
265
- a[href$="/"]
266
- ```
267
-
268
- * DOMs built from HTML source containing invalid HTML with improperly
269
- nested elements may differ.
270
-
271
- For example:
272
-
273
- ``` ruby
274
- # content: <div><i><p></i></div>
275
-
276
- # before:
277
- assert_select('div > i') # => true
278
- assert_select('div > p') # => false
279
- assert_select('i > p') # => true
280
-
281
- # now:
282
- assert_select('div > i') # => true
283
- assert_select('div > p') # => true
284
- assert_select('i > p') # => false
285
- ```
286
-
287
- * If the data selected contains entities, the value selected for comparison
288
- used to be raw (e.g. `AT&amp;T`), and now is evaluated
289
- (e.g. `AT&T`).
290
-
291
- ``` ruby
292
- # content: <p>AT&amp;T</p>
293
-
294
- # before:
295
- assert_select('p', 'AT&amp;T') # => true
296
- assert_select('p', 'AT&T') # => false
297
-
298
- # now:
299
- assert_select('p', 'AT&T') # => true
300
- assert_select('p', 'AT&amp;T') # => false
301
- ```
302
-
303
- Furthermore substitutions have changed syntax.
304
-
305
- Now you have to use a `:match` CSS-like selector:
306
-
307
- ```ruby
308
- assert_select ":match('id', ?)", 'comment_1'
309
- ```
310
-
311
- Additionally Regexp substitutions look different when the assertion fails.
312
- Notice how `/hello/` here:
313
-
314
- ```ruby
315
- assert_select(":match('id', ?)", /hello/)
316
- ```
317
-
318
- becomes `"(?-mix:hello)"`:
319
-
320
- ```
321
- Expected at least 1 element matching "div:match('id', "(?-mix:hello)")", found 0..
322
- Expected 0 to be >= 1.
323
- ```
324
-
325
- See the [Rails Dom Testing](https://github.com/rails/rails-dom-testing/tree/8798b9349fb9540ad8cb9a0ce6cb88d1384a210b) documentation for more on `assert_select`.
326
-
327
-
328
- Railties
329
- --------
330
-
331
- Please refer to the [Changelog][railties] for detailed changes.
332
-
333
- ### Removals
334
-
335
- * The `--skip-action-view` option has been removed from the
336
- app generator. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/17042))
337
-
338
- * The `rails application` command has been removed without replacement.
339
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/11616))
340
-
341
- ### Deprecations
342
-
343
- * Deprecated missing `config.log_level` for production environments.
344
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16622))
345
-
346
- * Deprecated `rake test:all` in favor of `rake test` as it now run all tests
347
- in the `test` folder.
348
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/17348))
349
-
350
- * Deprecated `rake test:all:db` in favor of `rake test:db`.
351
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/17348))
352
-
353
- * Deprecated `Rails::Rack::LogTailer` without replacement.
354
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/84a13e019e93efaa8994b3f8303d635a7702dbce))
355
-
356
- ### Notable changes
357
-
358
- * Introduced `web-console` in the default application Gemfile.
359
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/11667))
360
-
361
- * Added a `required` option to the model generator for associations.
362
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16062))
363
-
364
- * Introduced the `x` namespace for defining custom configuration options:
365
-
366
- ```ruby
367
- # config/environments/production.rb
368
- config.x.payment_processing.schedule = :daily
369
- config.x.payment_processing.retries = 3
370
- config.x.super_debugger = true
371
- ```
372
-
373
- These options are then available through the configuration object:
374
-
375
- ```ruby
376
- Rails.configuration.x.payment_processing.schedule # => :daily
377
- Rails.configuration.x.payment_processing.retries # => 3
378
- Rails.configuration.x.super_debugger # => true
379
- ```
380
-
381
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/611849772dd66c2e4d005dcfe153f7ce79a8a7db))
382
-
383
- * Introduced `Rails::Application.config_for` to load a configuration for the
384
- current environment.
385
-
386
- ```ruby
387
- # config/exception_notification.yml:
388
- production:
389
- url: http://127.0.0.1:8080
390
- namespace: my_app_production
391
- development:
392
- url: http://localhost:3001
393
- namespace: my_app_development
394
-
395
- # config/production.rb
396
- Rails.application.configure do
397
- config.middleware.use ExceptionNotifier, config_for(:exception_notification)
398
- end
399
- ```
400
-
401
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16129))
402
-
403
- * Introduced a `--skip-turbolinks` option in the app generator to not generate
404
- turbolinks integration.
405
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/bf17c8a531bc8059d50ad731398002a3e7162a7d))
406
-
407
- * Introduced a `bin/setup` script as a convention for automated setup code when
408
- bootstrapping an application.
409
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15189))
410
-
411
- * Changed the default value for `config.assets.digest` to `true` in development.
412
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15155))
413
-
414
- * Introduced an API to register new extensions for `rake notes`.
415
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14379))
416
-
417
- * Introduced an `after_bundle` callback for use in Rails templates.
418
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16359))
419
-
420
- * Introduced `Rails.gem_version` as a convenience method to return
421
- `Gem::Version.new(Rails.version)`.
422
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14101))
423
-
424
-
425
- Action Pack
426
- -----------
427
-
428
- Please refer to the [Changelog][action-pack] for detailed changes.
429
-
430
- ### Removals
431
-
432
- * `respond_with` and the class-level `respond_to` have been removed from Rails and
433
- moved to the `responders` gem (version 2.0). Add `gem 'responders', '~> 2.0'`
434
- to your `Gemfile` to continue using these features.
435
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16526),
436
- [More Details](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#responders))
437
-
438
- * Removed deprecated `AbstractController::Helpers::ClassMethods::MissingHelperError`
439
- in favor of `AbstractController::Helpers::MissingHelperError`.
440
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/a1ddde15ae0d612ff2973de9cf768ed701b594e8))
441
-
442
- ### Deprecations
443
-
444
- * Deprecated the `only_path` option on `*_path` helpers.
445
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/aa1fadd48fb40dd9396a383696134a259aa59db9))
446
-
447
- * Deprecated `assert_tag`, `assert_no_tag`, `find_tag` and `find_all_tag` in
448
- favor of `assert_select`.
449
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails-dom-testing/commit/b12850bc5ff23ba4b599bf2770874dd4f11bf750))
450
-
451
- * Deprecated support for setting the `:to` option of a router to a symbol or a
452
- string that does not contain a "#" character:
453
-
454
- ```ruby
455
- get '/posts', to: MyRackApp => (No change necessary)
456
- get '/posts', to: 'post#index' => (No change necessary)
457
- get '/posts', to: 'posts' => get '/posts', controller: :posts
458
- get '/posts', to: :index => get '/posts', action: :index
459
- ```
460
-
461
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/cc26b6b7bccf0eea2e2c1a9ebdcc9d30ca7390d9))
462
-
463
- * Deprecated support for string keys in URL helpers:
464
-
465
- ```ruby
466
- # bad
467
- root_path('controller' => 'posts', 'action' => 'index')
468
-
469
- # good
470
- root_path(controller: 'posts', action: 'index')
471
- ```
472
-
473
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/17743))
474
-
475
- ### Notable changes
476
-
477
- * The `*_filter` family of methods have been removed from the documentation. Their
478
- usage is discouraged in favor of the `*_action` family of methods:
479
-
480
- ```
481
- after_filter => after_action
482
- append_after_filter => append_after_action
483
- append_around_filter => append_around_action
484
- append_before_filter => append_before_action
485
- around_filter => around_action
486
- before_filter => before_action
487
- prepend_after_filter => prepend_after_action
488
- prepend_around_filter => prepend_around_action
489
- prepend_before_filter => prepend_before_action
490
- skip_after_filter => skip_after_action
491
- skip_around_filter => skip_around_action
492
- skip_before_filter => skip_before_action
493
- skip_filter => skip_action_callback
494
- ```
495
-
496
- If your application currently depends on these methods, you should use the
497
- replacement `*_action` methods instead. These methods will be deprecated in
498
- the future and will eventually be removed from Rails.
499
-
500
- (Commit [1](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/6c5f43bab8206747a8591435b2aa0ff7051ad3de),
501
- [2](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/489a8f2a44dc9cea09154ee1ee2557d1f037c7d4))
502
-
503
- * `render nothing: true` or rendering a `nil` body no longer add a single
504
- space padding to the response body.
505
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14883))
506
-
507
- * Rails now automatically includes the template's digest in ETags.
508
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16527))
509
-
510
- * Segments that are passed into URL helpers are now automatically escaped.
511
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5460591f0226a9d248b7b4f89186bd5553e7768f))
512
-
513
- * Introduced the `always_permitted_parameters` option to configure which
514
- parameters are permitted globally. The default value of this configuration
515
- is `['controller', 'action']`.
516
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15933))
517
-
518
- * Added the HTTP method `MKCALENDAR` from [RFC 4791](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4791).
519
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15121))
520
-
521
- * `*_fragment.action_controller` notifications now include the controller
522
- and action name in the payload.
523
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14137))
524
-
525
- * Improved the Routing Error page with fuzzy matching for route search.
526
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14619))
527
-
528
- * Added an option to disable logging of CSRF failures.
529
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14280))
530
-
531
- * When the Rails server is set to serve static assets, gzip assets will now be
532
- served if the client supports it and a pre-generated gzip file (`.gz`) is on disk.
533
- By default the asset pipeline generates `.gz` files for all compressible assets.
534
- Serving gzip files minimizes data transfer and speeds up asset requests. Always
535
- [use a CDN](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html#cdns) if you are
536
- serving assets from your Rails server in production.
537
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16466))
538
-
539
- * When calling the `process` helpers in an integration test the path needs to have
540
- a leading slash. Previously you could omit it but that was a byproduct of the
541
- implementation and not an intentional feature, e.g.:
542
-
543
- ```ruby
544
- test "list all posts" do
545
- get "/posts"
546
- assert_response :success
547
- end
548
- ```
549
-
550
- Action View
551
- -----------
552
-
553
- Please refer to the [Changelog][action-view] for detailed changes.
554
-
555
- ### Deprecations
556
-
557
- * Deprecated `AbstractController::Base.parent_prefixes`.
558
- Override `AbstractController::Base.local_prefixes` when you want to change
559
- where to find views.
560
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15026))
561
-
562
- * Deprecated `ActionView::Digestor#digest(name, format, finder, options = {})`.
563
- Arguments should be passed as a hash instead.
564
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14243))
565
-
566
- ### Notable changes
567
-
568
- * `render "foo/bar"` now expands to `render template: "foo/bar"` instead of
569
- `render file: "foo/bar"`.
570
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16888))
571
-
572
- * The form helpers no longer generate a `<div>` element with inline CSS around
573
- the hidden fields.
574
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14738))
575
-
576
- * Introduced a `#{partial_name}_iteration` special local variable for use with
577
- partials that are rendered with a collection. It provides access to the
578
- current state of the iteration via the `index`, `size`, `first?` and
579
- `last?` methods.
580
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7698))
581
-
582
- * Placeholder I18n follows the same convention as `label` I18n.
583
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16438))
584
-
585
-
586
- Action Mailer
587
- -------------
588
-
589
- Please refer to the [Changelog][action-mailer] for detailed changes.
590
-
591
- ### Deprecations
592
-
593
- * Deprecated `*_path` helpers in mailers. Always use `*_url` helpers instead.
594
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15840))
595
-
596
- * Deprecated `deliver` / `deliver!` in favor of `deliver_now` / `deliver_now!`.
597
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16582))
598
-
599
- ### Notable changes
600
-
601
- * `link_to` and `url_for` generate absolute URLs by default in templates,
602
- it is no longer needed to pass `only_path: false`.
603
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/9685080a7677abfa5d288a81c3e078368c6bb67c))
604
-
605
- * Introduced `deliver_later` which enqueues a job on the application's queue
606
- to deliver emails asynchronously.
607
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16485))
608
-
609
- * Added the `show_previews` configuration option for enabling mailer previews
610
- outside of the development environment.
611
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15970))
612
-
613
-
614
- Active Record
615
- -------------
616
-
617
- Please refer to the [Changelog][active-record] for detailed changes.
618
-
619
- ### Removals
620
-
621
- * Removed `cache_attributes` and friends. All attributes are cached.
622
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15429))
623
-
624
- * Removed deprecated method `ActiveRecord::Base.quoted_locking_column`.
625
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15612))
626
-
627
- * Removed deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.proper_table_name`. Use the
628
- `proper_table_name` instance method on `ActiveRecord::Migration` instead.
629
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15512))
630
-
631
- * Removed unused `:timestamp` type. Transparently alias it to `:datetime`
632
- in all cases. Fixes inconsistencies when column types are sent outside of
633
- Active Record, such as for XML serialization.
634
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15184))
635
-
636
- ### Deprecations
637
-
638
- * Deprecated swallowing of errors inside `after_commit` and `after_rollback`.
639
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16537))
640
-
641
- * Deprecated broken support for automatic detection of counter caches on
642
- `has_many :through` associations. You should instead manually specify the
643
- counter cache on the `has_many` and `belongs_to` associations for the
644
- through records.
645
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15754))
646
-
647
- * Deprecated passing Active Record objects to `.find` or `.exists?`. Call
648
- `id` on the objects first.
649
- (Commit [1](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/d92ae6ccca3bcfd73546d612efaea011270bd270),
650
- [2](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/d35f0033c7dec2b8d8b52058fb8db495d49596f7))
651
-
652
- * Deprecated half-baked support for PostgreSQL range values with excluding
653
- beginnings. We currently map PostgreSQL ranges to Ruby ranges. This conversion
654
- is not fully possible because Ruby ranges do not support excluded beginnings.
655
-
656
- The current solution of incrementing the beginning is not correct
657
- and is now deprecated. For subtypes where we don't know how to increment
658
- (e.g. `succ` is not defined) it will raise an `ArgumentError` for ranges
659
- with excluding beginnings.
660
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/91949e48cf41af9f3e4ffba3e5eecf9b0a08bfc3))
661
-
662
- * Deprecated calling `DatabaseTasks.load_schema` without a connection. Use
663
- `DatabaseTasks.load_schema_current` instead.
664
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f15cef67f75e4b52fd45655d7c6ab6b35623c608))
665
-
666
- * Deprecated `sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions` without replacement. Using a
667
- `Relation` for performing queries and updates is the preferred API.
668
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/d5902c9e))
669
-
670
- * Deprecated `add_timestamps` and `t.timestamps` without passing the `:null`
671
- option. The default of `null: true` will change in Rails 5 to `null: false`.
672
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16481))
673
-
674
- * Deprecated `Reflection#source_macro` without replacement as it is no longer
675
- needed in Active Record.
676
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16373))
677
-
678
- * Deprecated `serialized_attributes` without replacement.
679
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15704))
680
-
681
- * Deprecated returning `nil` from `column_for_attribute` when no column
682
- exists. It will return a null object in Rails 5.0.
683
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15878))
684
-
685
- * Deprecated using `.joins`, `.preload` and `.eager_load` with associations
686
- that depend on the instance state (i.e. those defined with a scope that
687
- takes an argument) without replacement.
688
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/ed56e596a0467390011bc9d56d462539776adac1))
689
-
690
- ### Notable changes
691
-
692
- * `SchemaDumper` uses `force: :cascade` on `create_table`. This makes it
693
- possible to reload a schema when foreign keys are in place.
694
-
695
- * Added a `:required` option to singular associations, which defines a
696
- presence validation on the association.
697
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16056))
698
-
699
- * `ActiveRecord::Dirty` now detects in-place changes to mutable values.
700
- Serialized attributes on Active Record models are no longer saved when
701
- unchanged. This also works with other types such as string columns and json
702
- columns on PostgreSQL.
703
- (Pull Requests [1](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15674),
704
- [2](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15786),
705
- [3](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15788))
706
-
707
- * Introduced the `db:purge` Rake task to empty the database for the
708
- current environment.
709
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/e2f232aba15937a4b9d14bd91e0392c6d55be58d))
710
-
711
- * Introduced `ActiveRecord::Base#validate!` that raises
712
- `ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid` if the record is invalid.
713
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/8639))
714
-
715
- * Introduced `validate` as an alias for `valid?`.
716
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14456))
717
-
718
- * `touch` now accepts multiple attributes to be touched at once.
719
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14423))
720
-
721
- * The PostgreSQL adapter now supports the `jsonb` datatype in PostgreSQL 9.4+.
722
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16220))
723
-
724
- * The PostgreSQL and SQLite adapters no longer add a default limit of 255
725
- characters on string columns.
726
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14579))
727
-
728
- * Added support for the `citext` column type in the PostgreSQL adapter.
729
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12523))
730
-
731
- * Added support for user-created range types in the PostgreSQL adapter.
732
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/4cb47167e747e8f9dc12b0ddaf82bdb68c03e032))
733
-
734
- * `sqlite3:///some/path` now resolves to the absolute system path
735
- `/some/path`. For relative paths, use `sqlite3:some/path` instead.
736
- (Previously, `sqlite3:///some/path` resolved to the relative path
737
- `some/path`. This behavior was deprecated on Rails 4.1).
738
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14569))
739
-
740
- * Added support for fractional seconds for MySQL 5.6 and above.
741
- (Pull Request [1](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/8240),
742
- [2](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14359))
743
-
744
- * Added `ActiveRecord::Base#pretty_print` to pretty print models.
745
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15172))
746
-
747
- * `ActiveRecord::Base#reload` now behaves the same as `m = Model.find(m.id)`,
748
- meaning that it no longer retains the extra attributes from custom
749
- `SELECT`s.
750
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15866))
751
-
752
- * `ActiveRecord::Base#reflections` now returns a hash with string keys instead
753
- of symbol keys. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/17718))
754
-
755
- * The `references` method in migrations now supports a `type` option for
756
- specifying the type of the foreign key (e.g. `:uuid`).
757
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16231))
758
-
759
- Active Model
760
- ------------
761
-
762
- Please refer to the [Changelog][active-model] for detailed changes.
763
-
764
- ### Removals
765
-
766
- * Removed deprecated `Validator#setup` without replacement.
767
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10716))
768
-
769
- ### Deprecations
770
-
771
- * Deprecated `reset_#{attribute}` in favor of `restore_#{attribute}`.
772
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16180))
773
-
774
- * Deprecated `ActiveModel::Dirty#reset_changes` in favor of
775
- `clear_changes_information`.
776
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16180))
777
-
778
- ### Notable changes
779
-
780
- * Introduced `validate` as an alias for `valid?`.
781
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14456))
782
-
783
- * Introduced the `restore_attributes` method in `ActiveModel::Dirty` to restore
784
- the changed (dirty) attributes to their previous values.
785
- (Pull Request [1](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14861),
786
- [2](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16180))
787
-
788
- * `has_secure_password` no longer disallows blank passwords (i.e. passwords
789
- that contains only spaces) by default.
790
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16412))
791
-
792
- * `has_secure_password` now verifies that the given password is less than 72
793
- characters if validations are enabled.
794
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15708))
795
-
796
- Active Support
797
- --------------
798
-
799
- Please refer to the [Changelog][active-support] for detailed changes.
800
-
801
- ### Removals
802
-
803
- * Removed deprecated `Numeric#ago`, `Numeric#until`, `Numeric#since`,
804
- `Numeric#from_now`.
805
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f1eddea1e3f6faf93581c43651348f48b2b7d8bb))
806
-
807
- * Removed deprecated string based terminators for `ActiveSupport::Callbacks`.
808
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15100))
809
-
810
- ### Deprecations
811
-
812
- * Deprecated `Kernel#silence_stderr`, `Kernel#capture` and `Kernel#quietly`
813
- without replacement.
814
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13392))
815
-
816
- * Deprecated `Class#superclass_delegating_accessor`, use
817
- `Class#class_attribute` instead.
818
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14271))
819
-
820
- * Deprecated `ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#prepend!` as
821
- `ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#prepend` now performs the same function.
822
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14529))
823
-
824
- ### Notable changes
825
-
826
- * Introduced a new configuration option `active_support.test_order` for
827
- specifying the order test cases are executed. This option currently defaults
828
- to `:sorted` but will be changed to `:random` in Rails 5.0.
829
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/53e877f7d9291b2bf0b8c425f9e32ef35829f35b))
830
-
831
- * `Object#try` and `Object#try!` can now be used without an explicit receiver in the block.
832
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5e51bdda59c9ba8e5faf86294e3e431bd45f1830),
833
- [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/17361))
834
-
835
- * The `travel_to` test helper now truncates the `usec` component to 0.
836
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/9f6e82ee4783e491c20f5244a613fdeb4024beb5))
837
-
838
- * Introduced `Object#itself` as an identity function.
839
- (Commit [1](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/702ad710b57bef45b081ebf42e6fa70820fdd810),
840
- [2](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/64d91122222c11ad3918cc8e2e3ebc4b0a03448a))
841
-
842
- * `Object#with_options` can now be used without an explicit receiver in the block.
843
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16339))
844
-
845
- * Introduced `String#truncate_words` to truncate a string by a number of words.
846
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16190))
847
-
848
- * Added `Hash#transform_values` and `Hash#transform_values!` to simplify a
849
- common pattern where the values of a hash must change, but the keys are left
850
- the same.
851
- ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/15819))
852
-
853
- * The `humanize` inflector helper now strips any leading underscores.
854
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/daaa21bc7d20f2e4ff451637423a25ff2d5e75c7))
855
-
856
- * Introduced `Concern#class_methods` as an alternative to
857
- `module ClassMethods`, as well as `Kernel#concern` to avoid the
858
- `module Foo; extend ActiveSupport::Concern; end` boilerplate.
859
- ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/b16c36e688970df2f96f793a759365b248b582ad))
860
-
861
- * New [guide](constant_autoloading_and_reloading.html) about constant autoloading and reloading.
862
-
863
- Credits
864
- -------
865
-
866
- See the
867
- [full list of contributors to Rails](http://contributors.rubyonrails.org/) for
868
- the many people who spent many hours making Rails the stable and robust
869
- framework it is today. Kudos to all of them.
870
-
871
- [railties]: https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/railties/CHANGELOG.md
872
- [action-pack]: https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md
873
- [action-view]: https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/actionview/CHANGELOG.md
874
- [action-mailer]: https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/actionmailer/CHANGELOG.md
875
- [active-record]: https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
876
- [active-model]: https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activemodel/CHANGELOG.md
877
- [active-support]: https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-2-stable/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md