rails 4.1.4 → 4.2.11.3

data/guides/source/testing.md

@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ The `test_helper.rb` file holds the default configuration for your tests.
 
 ### The Low-Down on Fixtures
 
-For good tests, you'll need to give some thought to setting up test data. In Rails, you can handle this by defining and customizing fixtures.
+For good tests, you'll need to give some thought to setting up test data.
+In Rails, you can handle this by defining and customizing fixtures.
+You can find comprehensive documentation in the [fixture api documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/FixtureSet.html).
 
 #### What Are Fixtures?
 
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ Each fixture is given a name followed by an indented list of colon-separated key
 
 If you are working with [associations](/association_basics.html), you can simply
 define a reference node between two different fixtures. Here's an example with
-a belongs_to/has_many association:
+a `belongs_to`/`has_many` association:
 
 ```yaml
 # In fixtures/categories.yml
@@ -94,6 +96,12 @@ one:
   category: about
 ```
 
+Note: For associations to reference one another by name, you cannot specify the `id:`
+ attribute on the fixtures. Rails will auto assign a primary key to be consistent between
+ runs. If you manually specify an `id:` attribute, this behavior will not work. For more
+  information on this association behavior please read the
+  [fixture api documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/FixtureSet.html).
+
 #### ERB'in It Up
 
 ERB allows you to embed Ruby code within templates. The YAML fixture format is pre-processed with ERB when Rails loads fixtures. This allows you to use Ruby to help you generate some sample data. For example, the following code generates a thousand users:
@@ -134,27 +142,27 @@ Unit Testing your Models
 
 In Rails, models tests are what you write to test your models.
 
-For this guide we will be using Rails _scaffolding_. It will create the model, a migration, controller and views for the new resource in a single operation. It will also create a full test suite following Rails best practices. I will be using examples from this generated code and will be supplementing it with additional examples where necessary.
+For this guide we will be using Rails _scaffolding_. It will create the model, a migration, controller and views for the new resource in a single operation. It will also create a full test suite following Rails best practices. We will be using examples from this generated code and will be supplementing it with additional examples where necessary.
 
-NOTE: For more information on Rails <i>scaffolding</i>, refer to [Getting Started with Rails](getting_started.html)
+NOTE: For more information on Rails _scaffolding_, refer to [Getting Started with Rails](getting_started.html)
 
 When you use `rails generate scaffold`, for a resource among other things it creates a test stub in the `test/models` folder:
 
 ```bash
-$ bin/rails generate scaffold post title:string body:text
+$ bin/rails generate scaffold article title:string body:text
 ...
-create  app/models/post.rb
-create  test/models/post_test.rb
-create  test/fixtures/posts.yml
+create  app/models/article.rb
+create  test/models/article_test.rb
+create  test/fixtures/articles.yml
 ...
 ```
 
-The default test stub in `test/models/post_test.rb` looks like this:
+The default test stub in `test/models/article_test.rb` looks like this:
 
 ```ruby
 require 'test_helper'
 
-class PostTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+class ArticleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   # test "the truth" do
   #   assert true
   # end
@@ -170,15 +178,15 @@ require 'test_helper'
 As you know by now, `test_helper.rb` specifies the default configuration to run our tests. This is included with all the tests, so any methods added to this file are available to all your tests.
 
 ```ruby
-class PostTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+class ArticleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 ```
 
-The `PostTest` class defines a _test case_ because it inherits from `ActiveSupport::TestCase`. `PostTest` thus has all the methods available from `ActiveSupport::TestCase`. You'll see those methods a little later in this guide.
+The `ArticleTest` class defines a _test case_ because it inherits from `ActiveSupport::TestCase`. `ArticleTest` thus has all the methods available from `ActiveSupport::TestCase`. You'll see those methods a little later in this guide.
 
-Any method defined within a class inherited from `MiniTest::Unit::TestCase`
-(which is the superclass of `ActiveSupport::TestCase`) that begins with `test` (case sensitive) is simply called a test. So, `test_password`, `test_valid_password` and `testValidPassword` all are legal test names and are run automatically when the test case is run.
+Any method defined within a class inherited from `Minitest::Test`
+(which is the superclass of `ActiveSupport::TestCase`) that begins with `test_` (case sensitive) is simply called a test. So, `test_password` and `test_valid_password` are legal test names and are run automatically when the test case is run.
 
-Rails adds a `test` method that takes a test name and a block. It generates a normal `MiniTest::Unit` test with method names prefixed with `test_`. So,
+Rails adds a `test` method that takes a test name and a block. It generates a normal `Minitest::Unit` test with method names prefixed with `test_`. So,
 
 ```ruby
 test "the truth" do
@@ -213,14 +221,23 @@ Every test contains one or more assertions. Only when all the assertions are suc
 
 ### Maintaining the test database schema
 
-In order to run your tests, your test database will need to have the current structure. The test helper checks whether your test database has any pending migrations. If so, it will try to load your `db/schema.rb` or `db/structure.sql` into the test database. If migrations are still pending, an error will be raised.
+In order to run your tests, your test database will need to have the current
+structure. The test helper checks whether your test database has any pending
+migrations. If so, it will try to load your `db/schema.rb` or `db/structure.sql`
+into the test database. If migrations are still pending, an error will be
+raised. Usually this indicates that your schema is not fully migrated. Running
+the migrations against the development database (`bin/rake db:migrate`) will
+bring the schema up to date.
+
+NOTE: If existing migrations required modifications, the test database needs to
+be rebuilt. This can be done by executing `bin/rake db:test:prepare`.
 
 ### Running Tests
 
 Running a test is as simple as invoking the file containing the test cases through `rake test` command.
 
 ```bash
-$ bin/rake test test/models/post_test.rb
+$ bin/rake test test/models/article_test.rb
 .
 
 Finished tests in 0.009262s, 107.9680 tests/s, 107.9680 assertions/s.
@@ -231,7 +248,7 @@ Finished tests in 0.009262s, 107.9680 tests/s, 107.9680 assertions/s.
 You can also run a particular test method from the test case by running the test and providing the `test method name`.
 
 ```bash
-$ bin/rake test test/models/post_test.rb test_the_truth
+$ bin/rake test test/models/article_test.rb test_the_truth
 .
 
 Finished tests in 0.009064s, 110.3266 tests/s, 110.3266 assertions/s.
@@ -243,25 +260,25 @@ This will run all test methods from the test case. Note that `test_helper.rb` is
 
 The `.` (dot) above indicates a passing test. When a test fails you see an `F`; when a test throws an error you see an `E` in its place. The last line of the output is the summary.
 
-To see how a test failure is reported, you can add a failing test to the `post_test.rb` test case.
+To see how a test failure is reported, you can add a failing test to the `article_test.rb` test case.
 
 ```ruby
-test "should not save post without title" do
-  post = Post.new
-  assert_not post.save
+test "should not save article without title" do
+  article = Article.new
+  assert_not article.save
 end
 ```
 
 Let us run this newly added test.
 
 ```bash
-$ bin/rake test test/models/post_test.rb test_should_not_save_post_without_title
+$ bin/rake test test/models/article_test.rb test_should_not_save_article_without_title
 F
 
 Finished tests in 0.044632s, 22.4054 tests/s, 22.4054 assertions/s.
 
   1) Failure:
-test_should_not_save_post_without_title(PostTest) [test/models/post_test.rb:6]:
+test_should_not_save_article_without_title(ArticleTest) [test/models/article_test.rb:6]:
 Failed assertion, no message given.
 
 1 tests, 1 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
@@ -270,9 +287,9 @@ Failed assertion, no message given.
 In the output, `F` denotes a failure. You can see the corresponding trace shown under `1)` along with the name of the failing test. The next few lines contain the stack trace followed by a message which mentions the actual value and the expected value by the assertion. The default assertion messages provide just enough information to help pinpoint the error. To make the assertion failure message more readable, every assertion provides an optional message parameter, as shown here:
 
 ```ruby
-test "should not save post without title" do
-  post = Post.new
-  assert_not post.save, "Saved the post without a title"
+test "should not save article without title" do
+  article = Article.new
+  assert_not article.save, "Saved the article without a title"
 end
 ```
 
@@ -280,14 +297,14 @@ Running this test shows the friendlier assertion message:
 
 ```bash
   1) Failure:
-test_should_not_save_post_without_title(PostTest) [test/models/post_test.rb:6]:
-Saved the post without a title
+test_should_not_save_article_without_title(ArticleTest) [test/models/article_test.rb:6]:
+Saved the article without a title
 ```
 
 Now to get this test to pass we can add a model level validation for the _title_ field.
 
 ```ruby
-class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
   validates :title, presence: true
 end
 ```
@@ -295,7 +312,7 @@ end
 Now the test should pass. Let us verify by running the test again:
 
 ```bash
-$ bin/rake test test/models/post_test.rb test_should_not_save_post_without_title
+$ bin/rake test test/models/article_test.rb test_should_not_save_article_without_title
 .
 
 Finished tests in 0.047721s, 20.9551 tests/s, 20.9551 assertions/s.
@@ -320,15 +337,15 @@ end
 Now you can see even more output in the console from running the tests:
 
 ```bash
-$ bin/rake test test/models/post_test.rb test_should_report_error
+$ bin/rake test test/models/article_test.rb test_should_report_error
 E
 
 Finished tests in 0.030974s, 32.2851 tests/s, 0.0000 assertions/s.
 
   1) Error:
-test_should_report_error(PostTest):
-NameError: undefined local variable or method `some_undefined_variable' for #<PostTest:0x007fe32e24afe0>
-    test/models/post_test.rb:10:in `block in <class:PostTest>'
+test_should_report_error(ArticleTest):
+NameError: undefined local variable or method `some_undefined_variable' for #<ArticleTest:0x007fe32e24afe0>
+    test/models/article_test.rb:10:in `block in <class:ArticleTest>'
 
 1 tests, 0 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors, 0 skips
 ```
@@ -345,7 +362,7 @@ backtrace. simply set the `BACKTRACE` environment variable to enable this
 behavior:
 
 ```bash
-$ BACKTRACE=1 bin/rake test test/models/post_test.rb
+$ BACKTRACE=1 bin/rake test test/models/article_test.rb
 ```
 
 ### What to Include in Your Unit Tests
@@ -357,7 +374,7 @@ Ideally, you would like to include a test for everything which could possibly br
 By now you've caught a glimpse of some of the assertions that are available. Assertions are the worker bees of testing. They are the ones that actually perform the checks to ensure that things are going as planned.
 
 There are a bunch of different types of assertions you can use.
-Here's an extract of the assertions you can use with `minitest`, the default testing library used by Rails. The `[msg]` parameter is an optional string message you can specify to make your test failure messages clearer. It's not required.
+Here's an extract of the assertions you can use with [`Minitest`](https://github.com/seattlerb/minitest), the default testing library used by Rails. The `[msg]` parameter is an optional string message you can specify to make your test failure messages clearer. It's not required.
 
 | Assertion                                                        | Purpose |
 | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
@@ -369,8 +386,12 @@ Here's an extract of the assertions you can use with `minitest`, the default tes
 | `assert_not_same( expected, actual, [msg] )`                     | Ensures that `expected.equal?(actual)` is false.|
 | `assert_nil( obj, [msg] )`                                       | Ensures that `obj.nil?` is true.|
 | `assert_not_nil( obj, [msg] )`                                   | Ensures that `obj.nil?` is false.|
+| `assert_empty( obj, [msg] )`                                     | Ensures that `obj` is `empty?`.|
+| `assert_not_empty( obj, [msg] )`                                 | Ensures that `obj` is not `empty?`.|
 | `assert_match( regexp, string, [msg] )`                          | Ensures that a string matches the regular expression.|
 | `assert_no_match( regexp, string, [msg] )`                       | Ensures that a string doesn't match the regular expression.|
+| `assert_includes( collection, obj, [msg] )`                      | Ensures that `obj` is in `collection`.|
+| `assert_not_includes( collection, obj, [msg] )`                  | Ensures that `obj` is not in `collection`.|
 | `assert_in_delta( expecting, actual, [delta], [msg] )`           | Ensures that the numbers `expected` and `actual` are within `delta` of each other.|
 | `assert_not_in_delta( expecting, actual, [delta], [msg] )`       | Ensures that the numbers `expected` and `actual` are not within `delta` of each other.|
 | `assert_throws( symbol, [msg] ) { block }`                       | Ensures that the given block throws the symbol.|
@@ -384,16 +405,20 @@ Here's an extract of the assertions you can use with `minitest`, the default tes
 | `assert_not_respond_to( obj, symbol, [msg] )`                    | Ensures that `obj` does not respond to `symbol`.|
 | `assert_operator( obj1, operator, [obj2], [msg] )`               | Ensures that `obj1.operator(obj2)` is true.|
 | `assert_not_operator( obj1, operator, [obj2], [msg] )`           | Ensures that `obj1.operator(obj2)` is false.|
+| `assert_predicate ( obj, predicate, [msg] )`                     | Ensures that `obj.predicate` is true, e.g. `assert_predicate str, :empty?`|
+| `assert_not_predicate ( obj, predicate, [msg] )`                 | Ensures that `obj.predicate` is false, e.g. `assert_not_predicate str, :empty?`|
 | `assert_send( array, [msg] )`                                    | Ensures that executing the method listed in `array[1]` on the object in `array[0]` with the parameters of `array[2 and up]` is true. This one is weird eh?|
 | `flunk( [msg] )`                                                 | Ensures failure. This is useful to explicitly mark a test that isn't finished yet.|
 
+The above are subset of assertions that minitest supports. For an exhaustive & more up-to-date list, please check [Minitest API documentation](http://docs.seattlerb.org/minitest/), specifically [`Minitest::Assertions`](http://docs.seattlerb.org/minitest/Minitest/Assertions.html)
+
 Because of the modular nature of the testing framework, it is possible to create your own assertions. In fact, that's exactly what Rails does. It includes some specialized assertions to make your life easier.
 
 NOTE: Creating your own assertions is an advanced topic that we won't cover in this tutorial.
 
 ### Rails Specific Assertions
 
-Rails adds some custom assertions of its own to the `test/unit` framework:
+Rails adds some custom assertions of its own to the `minitest` framework:
 
 | Assertion                                                                         | Purpose |
 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
@@ -422,26 +447,26 @@ You should test for things such as:
 * was the correct object stored in the response template?
 * was the appropriate message displayed to the user in the view?
 
-Now that we have used Rails scaffold generator for our `Post` resource, it has already created the controller code and tests. You can take look at the file `posts_controller_test.rb` in the `test/controllers` directory.
+Now that we have used Rails scaffold generator for our `Article` resource, it has already created the controller code and tests. You can take look at the file `articles_controller_test.rb` in the `test/controllers` directory.
 
-Let me take you through one such test, `test_should_get_index` from the file `posts_controller_test.rb`.
+Let me take you through one such test, `test_should_get_index` from the file `articles_controller_test.rb`.
 
 ```ruby
-class PostsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
+class ArticlesControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
   test "should get index" do
     get :index
     assert_response :success
-    assert_not_nil assigns(:posts)
+    assert_not_nil assigns(:articles)
   end
 end
 ```
 
-In the `test_should_get_index` test, Rails simulates a request on the action called `index`, making sure the request was successful and also ensuring that it assigns a valid `posts` instance variable.
+In the `test_should_get_index` test, Rails simulates a request on the action called `index`, making sure the request was successful and also ensuring that it assigns a valid `articles` instance variable.
 
 The `get` method kicks off the web request and populates the results into the response. It accepts 4 arguments:
 
 * The action of the controller you are requesting. This can be in the form of a string or a symbol.
-* An optional hash of request parameters to pass into the action (eg. query string parameters or post variables).
+* An optional hash of request parameters to pass into the action (eg. query string parameters or article variables).
 * An optional hash of session variables to pass along with the request.
 * An optional hash of flash values.
 
@@ -457,17 +482,17 @@ Another example: Calling the `:view` action, passing an `id` of 12 as the `param
 get(:view, {'id' => '12'}, nil, {'message' => 'booya!'})
 ```
 
-NOTE: If you try running `test_should_create_post` test from `posts_controller_test.rb` it will fail on account of the newly added model level validation and rightly so.
+NOTE: If you try running `test_should_create_article` test from `articles_controller_test.rb` it will fail on account of the newly added model level validation and rightly so.
 
-Let us modify `test_should_create_post` test in `posts_controller_test.rb` so that all our test pass:
+Let us modify `test_should_create_article` test in `articles_controller_test.rb` so that all our test pass:
 
 ```ruby
-test "should create post" do
-  assert_difference('Post.count') do
-    post :create, post: {title: 'Some title'}
+test "should create article" do
+  assert_difference('Article.count') do
+    post :create, article: {title: 'Some title'}
   end
 
-  assert_redirected_to post_path(assigns(:post))
+  assert_redirected_to article_path(assigns(:article))
 end
 ```
 
@@ -576,12 +601,12 @@ is the correct way to assert for the layout when the view renders a partial with
 Here's another example that uses `flash`, `assert_redirected_to`, and `assert_difference`:
 
 ```ruby
-test "should create post" do
-  assert_difference('Post.count') do
-    post :create, post: {title: 'Hi', body: 'This is my first post.'}
+test "should create article" do
+  assert_difference('Article.count') do
+    post :create, article: {title: 'Hi', body: 'This is my first article.'}
   end
-  assert_redirected_to post_path(assigns(:post))
-  assert_equal 'Post was successfully created.', flash[:notice]
+  assert_redirected_to article_path(assigns(:article))
+  assert_equal 'Article was successfully created.', flash[:notice]
 end
 ```
 
@@ -589,13 +614,13 @@ end
 
 Testing the response to your request by asserting the presence of key HTML elements and their content is a useful way to test the views of your application. The `assert_select` assertion allows you to do this by using a simple yet powerful syntax.
 
-NOTE: You may find references to `assert_tag` in other documentation, but this is now deprecated in favor of `assert_select`.
+NOTE: You may find references to `assert_tag` in other documentation. This has been removed in 4.2. Use `assert_select` instead.
 
 There are two forms of `assert_select`:
 
-`assert_select(selector, [equality], [message])` ensures that the equality condition is met on the selected elements through the selector. The selector may be a CSS selector expression (String), an expression with substitution values, or an `HTML::Selector` object.
+`assert_select(selector, [equality], [message])` ensures that the equality condition is met on the selected elements through the selector. The selector may be a CSS selector expression (String) or an expression with substitution values.
 
-`assert_select(element, selector, [equality], [message])` ensures that the equality condition is met on all the selected elements through the selector starting from the _element_ (instance of `HTML::Node`) and its descendants.
+`assert_select(element, selector, [equality], [message])` ensures that the equality condition is met on all the selected elements through the selector starting from the _element_ (instance of `Nokogiri::XML::Node` or `Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet`) and its descendants.
 
 For example, you could verify the contents on the title element in your response with:
 
@@ -625,7 +650,7 @@ assert_select "ol" do
 end
 ```
 
-The `assert_select` assertion is quite powerful. For more advanced usage, refer to its [documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionDispatch/Assertions/SelectorAssertions.html).
+The `assert_select` assertion is quite powerful. For more advanced usage, refer to its [documentation](https://github.com/rails/rails-dom-testing/blob/master/lib/rails/dom/testing/assertions/selector_assertions.rb).
 
 #### Additional View-Based Assertions
 
@@ -710,9 +735,9 @@ class UserFlowsTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
     assert_equal 'Welcome david!', flash[:notice]
 
     https!(false)
-    get "/posts/all"
+    get "/articles/all"
     assert_response :success
-    assert assigns(:products)
+    assert assigns(:articles)
   end
 end
 ```
@@ -769,76 +794,71 @@ end
 Rake Tasks for Running your Tests
 ---------------------------------
 
-You don't need to set up and run your tests by hand on a test-by-test basis.
-Rails comes with a number of commands to help in testing.
-The table below lists all commands that come along in the default Rakefile
-when you initiate a Rails project.
+Rails comes with a number of built-in rake tasks to help with testing. The
+table below lists the commands included in the default Rakefile when a Rails
+project is created.
 
 | Tasks                   | Description |
 | ----------------------- | ----------- |
-| `rake test`             | Runs all unit, functional and integration tests. You can also simply run `rake` as Rails will run all the tests by default |
+| `rake test`             | Runs all tests in the `test` folder. You can also simply run `rake` as Rails will run all the tests by default |
 | `rake test:controllers` | Runs all the controller tests from `test/controllers` |
 | `rake test:functionals` | Runs all the functional tests from `test/controllers`, `test/mailers`, and `test/functional` |
 | `rake test:helpers`     | Runs all the helper tests from `test/helpers` |
 | `rake test:integration` | Runs all the integration tests from `test/integration` |
+| `rake test:jobs`        | Runs all the job tests from `test/jobs` |
 | `rake test:mailers`     | Runs all the mailer tests from `test/mailers` |
 | `rake test:models`      | Runs all the model tests from `test/models` |
 | `rake test:units`       | Runs all the unit tests from `test/models`, `test/helpers`, and `test/unit` |
-| `rake test:all`         | Runs all tests quickly by merging all types and not resetting db |
-| `rake test:all:db`      | Runs all tests quickly by merging all types and resetting db |
+| `rake test:db`          | Runs all tests in the `test` folder and resets the db |
 
 
-Brief Note About `MiniTest`
+A Brief Note About Minitest
 -----------------------------
 
-Ruby ships with a boat load of libraries. Ruby 1.8 provides `Test::Unit`, a framework for unit testing in Ruby. All the basic assertions discussed above are actually defined in `Test::Unit::Assertions`. The class `ActiveSupport::TestCase` which we have been using in our unit and functional tests extends `Test::Unit::TestCase`, allowing
-us to use all of the basic assertions in our tests.
+Ruby ships with a vast Standard Library for all common use-cases including testing. Since version 1.9, Ruby provides `Minitest`, a framework for testing. All the basic assertions such as `assert_equal` discussed above are actually defined in `Minitest::Assertions`. The classes `ActiveSupport::TestCase`, `ActionController::TestCase`, `ActionMailer::TestCase`, `ActionView::TestCase` and `ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest` - which we have been inheriting in our test classes - include `Minitest::Assertions`, allowing us to use all of the basic assertions in our tests.
 
-Ruby 1.9 introduced `MiniTest`, an updated version of `Test::Unit` which provides a backwards compatible API for `Test::Unit`. You could also use `MiniTest` in Ruby 1.8 by installing the `minitest` gem.
-
-NOTE: For more information on `Test::Unit`, refer to [test/unit Documentation](http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/test/unit/rdoc/)
-For more information on `MiniTest`, refer to [Minitest](http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.3/libdoc/minitest/unit/rdoc/)
+NOTE: For more information on `Minitest`, refer to [Minitest](http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.1.0/libdoc/minitest/rdoc/MiniTest.html)
 
 Setup and Teardown
 ------------------
 
-If you would like to run a block of code before the start of each test and another block of code after the end of each test you have two special callbacks for your rescue. Let's take note of this by looking at an example for our functional test in `Posts` controller:
+If you would like to run a block of code before the start of each test and another block of code after the end of each test you have two special callbacks for your rescue. Let's take note of this by looking at an example for our functional test in `Articles` controller:
 
 ```ruby
 require 'test_helper'
 
-class PostsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
+class ArticlesControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
 
   # called before every single test
   def setup
-    @post = posts(:one)
+    @article = articles(:one)
   end
 
   # called after every single test
   def teardown
-    # as we are re-initializing @post before every test
+    # as we are re-initializing @article before every test
     # setting it to nil here is not essential but I hope
     # you understand how you can use the teardown method
-    @post = nil
+    @article = nil
   end
 
-  test "should show post" do
-    get :show, id: @post.id
+  test "should show article" do
+    get :show, id: @article.id
     assert_response :success
   end
 
-  test "should destroy post" do
-    assert_difference('Post.count', -1) do
-      delete :destroy, id: @post.id
+  test "should destroy article" do
+    assert_difference('Article.count', -1) do
+      delete :destroy, id: @article.id
     end
 
-    assert_redirected_to posts_path
+    assert_redirected_to articles_path
   end
 
 end
 ```
 
-Above, the `setup` method is called before each test and so `@post` is available for each of the tests. Rails implements `setup` and `teardown` as `ActiveSupport::Callbacks`. Which essentially means you need not only use `setup` and `teardown` as methods in your tests. You could specify them by using:
+Above, the `setup` method is called before each test and so `@article` is available for each of the tests. Rails implements `setup` and `teardown` as `ActiveSupport::Callbacks`. Which essentially means you need not only use `setup` and `teardown` as methods in your tests. You could specify them by using:
 
 * a block
 * a method (like in the earlier example)
@@ -850,38 +870,38 @@ Let's see the earlier example by specifying `setup` callback by specifying a met
 ```ruby
 require 'test_helper'
 
-class PostsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
+class ArticlesControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
 
   # called before every single test
-  setup :initialize_post
+  setup :initialize_article
 
   # called after every single test
   def teardown
-    @post = nil
+    @article = nil
   end
 
-  test "should show post" do
-    get :show, id: @post.id
+  test "should show article" do
+    get :show, id: @article.id
     assert_response :success
   end
 
-  test "should update post" do
-    patch :update, id: @post.id, post: {}
-    assert_redirected_to post_path(assigns(:post))
+  test "should update article" do
+    patch :update, id: @article.id, article: {}
+    assert_redirected_to article_path(assigns(:article))
   end
 
-  test "should destroy post" do
-    assert_difference('Post.count', -1) do
-      delete :destroy, id: @post.id
+  test "should destroy article" do
+    assert_difference('Article.count', -1) do
+      delete :destroy, id: @article.id
     end
 
-    assert_redirected_to posts_path
+    assert_redirected_to articles_path
   end
 
   private
 
-    def initialize_post
-      @post = posts(:one)
+    def initialize_article
+      @article = articles(:one)
     end
 end
 ```
@@ -889,11 +909,17 @@ end
 Testing Routes
 --------------
 
-Like everything else in your Rails application, it is recommended that you test your routes. An example test for a route in the default `show` action of `Posts` controller above should look like:
+Like everything else in your Rails application, it is recommended that you test your routes. Below are example tests for the routes of default `show` and `create` action of `Articles` controller above and it should look like:
 
 ```ruby
-test "should route to post" do
-  assert_routing '/posts/1', {controller: "posts", action: "show", id: "1"}
+class ArticleRoutesTest < ActionController::TestCase
+  test "should route to article" do
+    assert_routing '/articles/1', { controller: "articles", action: "show", id: "1" }
+  end
+
+  test "should route to create article" do
+    assert_routing({ method: 'post', path: '/articles' }, { controller: "articles", action: "create" })
+  end
 end
 ```
 
@@ -924,7 +950,7 @@ In order to test that your mailer is working as expected, you can use unit tests
 
 For the purposes of unit testing a mailer, fixtures are used to provide an example of how the output _should_ look. Because these are example emails, and not Active Record data like the other fixtures, they are kept in their own subdirectory apart from the other fixtures. The name of the directory within `test/fixtures` directly corresponds to the name of the mailer. So, for a mailer named `UserMailer`, the fixtures should reside in `test/fixtures/user_mailer` directory.
 
-When you generated your mailer, the generator creates stub fixtures for each of the mailers actions. If you didn't use the generator you'll have to make those files yourself.
+If you generated your mailer, the generator does not create stub fixtures for the mailers actions. You'll have to create those files yourself as described above.
 
 #### The Basic Test Case
 
@@ -937,7 +963,7 @@ class UserMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
   test "invite" do
     # Send the email, then test that it got queued
     email = UserMailer.create_invite('me@example.com',
-                                     'friend@example.com', Time.now).deliver
+                                     'friend@example.com', Time.now).deliver_now
     assert_not ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.empty?
 
     # Test the body of the sent email contains what we expect it to
@@ -992,7 +1018,7 @@ class UserControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
 
     assert_equal "You have been invited by me@example.com", invite_email.subject
     assert_equal 'friend@example.com', invite_email.to[0]
-    assert_match(/Hi friend@example.com/, invite_email.body)
+    assert_match(/Hi friend@example.com/, invite_email.body.to_s)
   end
 end
 ```
@@ -1002,17 +1028,9 @@ Testing helpers
 
 In order to test helpers, all you need to do is check that the output of the
 helper method matches what you'd expect. Tests related to the helpers are
-located under the `test/helpers` directory. Rails provides a generator which
-generates both the helper and the test file:
-
-```bash
-$ bin/rails generate helper User
-      create  app/helpers/user_helper.rb
-      invoke  test_unit
-      create    test/helpers/user_helper_test.rb
-```
+located under the `test/helpers` directory.
 
-The generated test file contains the following code:
+A helper test looks like so:
 
 ```ruby
 require 'test_helper'
@@ -1038,15 +1056,77 @@ end
 Moreover, since the test class extends from `ActionView::TestCase`, you have
 access to Rails' helper methods such as `link_to` or `pluralize`.
 
+Testing Jobs
+------------
+
+Since your custom jobs can be queued at different levels inside your application,
+you'll need to test both jobs themselves (their behavior when they get enqueued)
+and that other entities correctly enqueue them.
+
+### A Basic Test Case
+
+By default, when you generate a job, an associated test will be generated as well
+under the `test/jobs` directory. Here's an example test with a billing job:
+
+```ruby
+require 'test_helper'
+
+class BillingJobTest < ActiveJob::TestCase
+  test 'that account is charged' do
+    BillingJob.perform_now(account, product)
+    assert account.reload.charged_for?(product)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+This test is pretty simple and only asserts that the job get the work done
+as expected.
+
+By default, `ActiveJob::TestCase` will set the queue adapter to `:test` so that
+your jobs are performed inline. It will also ensure that all previously performed
+and enqueued jobs are cleared before any test run so you can safely assume that
+no jobs have already been executed in the scope of each test.
+
+### Custom Assertions And Testing Jobs Inside Other Components
+
+Active Job ships with a bunch of custom assertions that can be used to lessen
+the verbosity of tests:
+
+| Assertion                              | Purpose |
+| -------------------------------------- | ------- |
+| `assert_enqueued_jobs(number)`         | Asserts that the number of enqueued jobs matches the given number. |
+| `assert_performed_jobs(number)`        | Asserts that the number of performed jobs matches the given number. |
+| `assert_no_enqueued_jobs { ... }`      | Asserts that no jobs have been enqueued. |
+| `assert_no_performed_jobs { ... }`     | Asserts that no jobs have been performed. |
+| `assert_enqueued_with([args]) { ... }` | Asserts that the job passed in the block has been enqueued with the given arguments. |
+| `assert_performed_with([args]) { ... }`| Asserts that the job passed in the block has been performed with the given arguments. |
+
+It's a good practice to ensure that your jobs correctly get enqueued or performed
+wherever you invoke them (e.g. inside your controllers). This is precisely where
+the custom assertions provided by Active Job are pretty useful. For instance,
+within a model:
+
+```ruby
+require 'test_helper'
+
+class ProductTest < ActiveJob::TestCase
+  test 'billing job scheduling' do
+    assert_enqueued_with(job: BillingJob) do
+      product.charge(account)
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
 Other Testing Approaches
 ------------------------
 
-The built-in `test/unit` based testing is not the only way to test Rails applications. Rails developers have come up with a wide variety of other approaches and aids for testing, including:
+The built-in `minitest` based testing is not the only way to test Rails applications. Rails developers have come up with a wide variety of other approaches and aids for testing, including:
 
 * [NullDB](http://avdi.org/projects/nulldb/), a way to speed up testing by avoiding database use.
 * [Factory Girl](https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl/tree/master), a replacement for fixtures.
-* [Machinist](https://github.com/notahat/machinist/tree/master), another replacement for fixtures.
 * [Fixture Builder](https://github.com/rdy/fixture_builder), a tool that compiles Ruby factories into fixtures before a test run.
 * [MiniTest::Spec Rails](https://github.com/metaskills/minitest-spec-rails), use the MiniTest::Spec DSL within your rails tests.
 * [Shoulda](http://www.thoughtbot.com/projects/shoulda), an extension to `test/unit` with additional helpers, macros, and assertions.
 * [RSpec](http://relishapp.com/rspec), a behavior-driven development framework
+* [Capybara](http://jnicklas.github.com/capybara/), Acceptance test framework for web applications