rails 4.1.4 → 4.2.0

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  1. checksums.yaml +4 -4
  2. data/README.md +12 -10
  3. data/guides/CHANGELOG.md +15 -25
  4. data/guides/Rakefile +5 -3
  5. data/guides/assets/javascripts/guides.js +6 -0
  6. data/guides/assets/stylesheets/main.css +4 -1
  7. data/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_gem.rb +2 -2
  8. data/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_master.rb +3 -2
  9. data/guides/rails_guides/helpers.rb +1 -1
  10. data/guides/rails_guides/levenshtein.rb +29 -21
  11. data/guides/rails_guides/markdown/renderer.rb +1 -1
  12. data/guides/rails_guides/markdown.rb +11 -7
  13. data/guides/rails_guides.rb +2 -2
  14. data/guides/source/2_2_release_notes.md +1 -1
  15. data/guides/source/2_3_release_notes.md +4 -4
  16. data/guides/source/3_0_release_notes.md +8 -8
  17. data/guides/source/3_1_release_notes.md +5 -2
  18. data/guides/source/3_2_release_notes.md +6 -3
  19. data/guides/source/4_0_release_notes.md +6 -3
  20. data/guides/source/4_1_release_notes.md +10 -11
  21. data/guides/source/4_2_release_notes.md +850 -0
  22. data/guides/source/_license.html.erb +1 -1
  23. data/guides/source/_welcome.html.erb +2 -8
  24. data/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md +84 -10
  25. data/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md +91 -28
  26. data/guides/source/action_view_overview.md +140 -130
  27. data/guides/source/active_job_basics.md +318 -0
  28. data/guides/source/active_model_basics.md +371 -17
  29. data/guides/source/active_record_basics.md +19 -18
  30. data/guides/source/active_record_callbacks.md +12 -9
  31. data/guides/source/{migrations.md → active_record_migrations.md} +135 -226
  32. data/guides/source/active_record_postgresql.md +433 -0
  33. data/guides/source/active_record_querying.md +269 -259
  34. data/guides/source/active_record_validations.md +21 -12
  35. data/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md +113 -73
  36. data/guides/source/active_support_instrumentation.md +10 -7
  37. data/guides/source/api_documentation_guidelines.md +62 -16
  38. data/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md +264 -67
  39. data/guides/source/association_basics.md +81 -74
  40. data/guides/source/caching_with_rails.md +32 -7
  41. data/guides/source/command_line.md +52 -30
  42. data/guides/source/configuring.md +132 -29
  43. data/guides/source/constant_autoloading_and_reloading.md +1297 -0
  44. data/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md +192 -112
  45. data/guides/source/credits.html.erb +2 -2
  46. data/guides/source/debugging_rails_applications.md +448 -294
  47. data/guides/source/development_dependencies_install.md +47 -36
  48. data/guides/source/documents.yaml +19 -7
  49. data/guides/source/engines.md +210 -189
  50. data/guides/source/form_helpers.md +79 -56
  51. data/guides/source/generators.md +24 -11
  52. data/guides/source/getting_started.md +339 -201
  53. data/guides/source/i18n.md +111 -68
  54. data/guides/source/index.html.erb +1 -0
  55. data/guides/source/initialization.md +109 -62
  56. data/guides/source/layout.html.erb +1 -4
  57. data/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md +18 -17
  58. data/guides/source/maintenance_policy.md +26 -4
  59. data/guides/source/nested_model_forms.md +7 -4
  60. data/guides/source/plugins.md +27 -27
  61. data/guides/source/rails_application_templates.md +21 -3
  62. data/guides/source/rails_on_rack.md +12 -9
  63. data/guides/source/routing.md +100 -74
  64. data/guides/source/ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.md +11 -12
  65. data/guides/source/security.md +40 -34
  66. data/guides/source/testing.md +188 -117
  67. data/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md +284 -29
  68. data/guides/source/working_with_javascript_in_rails.md +18 -16
  69. data/guides/w3c_validator.rb +2 -0
  70. metadata +40 -94
  71. data/guides/code/getting_started/Gemfile +0 -40
  72. data/guides/code/getting_started/Gemfile.lock +0 -125
  73. data/guides/code/getting_started/README.rdoc +0 -28
  74. data/guides/code/getting_started/Rakefile +0 -6
  75. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/assets/javascripts/application.js +0 -15
  76. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/assets/javascripts/comments.js.coffee +0 -3
  77. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/assets/javascripts/posts.js.coffee +0 -3
  78. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/assets/javascripts/welcome.js.coffee +0 -3
  79. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/assets/stylesheets/application.css +0 -13
  80. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/assets/stylesheets/comments.css.scss +0 -3
  81. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/assets/stylesheets/posts.css.scss +0 -3
  82. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/assets/stylesheets/welcome.css.scss +0 -3
  83. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/controllers/application_controller.rb +0 -5
  84. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/controllers/comments_controller.rb +0 -23
  85. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/controllers/posts_controller.rb +0 -53
  86. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/controllers/welcome_controller.rb +0 -4
  87. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/helpers/application_helper.rb +0 -2
  88. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/helpers/comments_helper.rb +0 -2
  89. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb +0 -2
  90. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/helpers/welcome_helper.rb +0 -2
  91. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/models/comment.rb +0 -3
  92. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/models/post.rb +0 -7
  93. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/comments/_comment.html.erb +0 -15
  94. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/comments/_form.html.erb +0 -13
  95. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/layouts/application.html.erb +0 -14
  96. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/posts/_form.html.erb +0 -27
  97. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/posts/edit.html.erb +0 -5
  98. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/posts/index.html.erb +0 -21
  99. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/posts/new.html.erb +0 -5
  100. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/posts/show.html.erb +0 -18
  101. data/guides/code/getting_started/app/views/welcome/index.html.erb +0 -4
  102. data/guides/code/getting_started/bin/bundle +0 -4
  103. data/guides/code/getting_started/bin/rails +0 -4
  104. data/guides/code/getting_started/bin/rake +0 -4
  105. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/application.rb +0 -18
  106. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/boot.rb +0 -4
  107. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/database.yml +0 -25
  108. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/environment.rb +0 -5
  109. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/environments/development.rb +0 -30
  110. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/environments/production.rb +0 -80
  111. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/environments/test.rb +0 -36
  112. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb +0 -7
  113. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/initializers/filter_parameter_logging.rb +0 -4
  114. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/initializers/inflections.rb +0 -16
  115. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/initializers/locale.rb +0 -9
  116. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/initializers/mime_types.rb +0 -5
  117. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/initializers/secret_token.rb +0 -12
  118. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/initializers/session_store.rb +0 -3
  119. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb +0 -14
  120. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/locales/en.yml +0 -23
  121. data/guides/code/getting_started/config/routes.rb +0 -7
  122. data/guides/code/getting_started/config.ru +0 -4
  123. data/guides/code/getting_started/db/migrate/20130122042648_create_posts.rb +0 -10
  124. data/guides/code/getting_started/db/migrate/20130122045842_create_comments.rb +0 -11
  125. data/guides/code/getting_started/db/schema.rb +0 -33
  126. data/guides/code/getting_started/db/seeds.rb +0 -7
  127. data/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html +0 -60
  128. data/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html +0 -60
  129. data/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html +0 -59
  130. data/guides/code/getting_started/public/favicon.ico +0 -0
  131. data/guides/code/getting_started/public/robots.txt +0 -5
  132. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/controllers/comments_controller_test.rb +0 -7
  133. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/controllers/posts_controller_test.rb +0 -7
  134. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/controllers/welcome_controller_test.rb +0 -9
  135. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/fixtures/comments.yml +0 -11
  136. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/fixtures/posts.yml +0 -9
  137. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/helpers/comments_helper_test.rb +0 -4
  138. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/helpers/posts_helper_test.rb +0 -4
  139. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/helpers/welcome_helper_test.rb +0 -4
  140. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/models/comment_test.rb +0 -7
  141. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/models/post_test.rb +0 -7
  142. data/guides/code/getting_started/test/test_helper.rb +0 -12
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ A Guide for Upgrading Ruby on Rails
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  This guide provides steps to be followed when you upgrade your applications to a newer version of Ruby on Rails. These steps are also available in individual release guides.
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+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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+
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  General Advice
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  --------------
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- Before attempting to upgrade an existing application, you should be sure you have a good reason to upgrade. You need to balance out several factors: the need for new features, the increasing difficulty of finding support for old code, and your available time and skills, to name a few.
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+ Before attempting to upgrade an existing application, you should be sure you have a good reason to upgrade. You need to balance several factors: the need for new features, the increasing difficulty of finding support for old code, and your available time and skills, to name a few.
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  ### Test Coverage
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@@ -22,6 +24,230 @@ Rails generally stays close to the latest released Ruby version when it's releas
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  TIP: Ruby 1.8.7 p248 and p249 have marshaling bugs that crash Rails. Ruby Enterprise Edition has these fixed since the release of 1.8.7-2010.02. On the 1.9 front, Ruby 1.9.1 is not usable because it outright segfaults, so if you want to use 1.9.x, jump straight to 1.9.3 for smooth sailing.
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+ ### The Rake Task
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+
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+ Rails provides the `rails:update` rake task. After updating the Rails version
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+ in the Gemfile, run this rake task.
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+ This will help you with the creation of new files and changes of old files in an
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+ interactive session.
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ $ rake rails:update
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+ identical config/boot.rb
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+ exist config
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+ conflict config/routes.rb
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+ Overwrite /myapp/config/routes.rb? (enter "h" for help) [Ynaqdh]
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+ force config/routes.rb
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+ conflict config/application.rb
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+ Overwrite /myapp/config/application.rb? (enter "h" for help) [Ynaqdh]
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+ force config/application.rb
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+ conflict config/environment.rb
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+ ...
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+ ```
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+
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+ Don't forget to review the difference, to see if there were any unexpected changes.
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+
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+ Upgrading from Rails 4.1 to Rails 4.2
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+ -------------------------------------
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+
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+ ### Web Console
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+
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+ First, add `gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'` to the `:development` group in your Gemfile and run `bundle install` (it won't have been included when you upgraded Rails). Once it's been installed, you can simply drop a reference to the console helper (i.e., `<%= console %>`) into any view you want to enable it for. A console will also be provided on any error page you view in your development environment.
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+
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+ ### Responders
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+
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+ `respond_with` and the class-level `respond_to` methods have been extracted to the `responders` gem. To use them, simply add `gem 'responders', '~> 2.0'` to your Gemfile. Calls to `respond_with` and `respond_to` (again, at the class level) will no longer work without having included the `responders` gem in your dependencies:
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ # app/controllers/users_controller.rb
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+
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+ class UsersController < ApplicationController
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+ respond_to :html, :json
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+
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+ def show
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+ @user = User.find(params[:id])
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+ respond_with @user
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+ end
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+ end
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+ ```
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+
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+ Instance-level `respond_to` is unaffected and does not require the additional gem:
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ # app/controllers/users_controller.rb
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+
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+ class UsersController < ApplicationController
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+ def show
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+ @user = User.find(params[:id])
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+ respond_to do |format|
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+ format.html
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+ format.json { render json: @user }
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+ end
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+ end
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+ end
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+ ```
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+
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+ See [#16526](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16526) for more details.
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+
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+ ### Error handling in transaction callbacks
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+
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+ Currently, Active Record suppresses errors raised
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+ within `after_rollback` or `after_commit` callbacks and only prints them to
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+ the logs. In the next version, these errors will no longer be suppressed.
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+ Instead, the errors will propagate normally just like in other Active
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+ Record callbacks.
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+
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+ When you define a `after_rollback` or `after_commit` callback, you
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+ will receive a deprecation warning about this upcoming change. When
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+ you are ready, you can opt into the new behavior and remove the
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+ deprecation warning by adding following configuration to your
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+ `config/application.rb`:
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+
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+ config.active_record.raise_in_transactional_callbacks = true
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+
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+ See [#14488](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/14488) and
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+ [#16537](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/16537) for more details.
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+
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+ ### Ordering of test cases
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+
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+ In Rails 5.0, test cases will be executed in random order by default. In
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+ anticipation of this change, Rails 4.2 introduced a new configuration option
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+ `active_support.test_order` for explicitly specifying the test ordering. This
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+ allows you to either lock down the current behavior by setting the option to
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+ `:sorted`, or opt into the future behavior by setting the option to `:random`.
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+
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+ If you do not specify a value for this option, a deprecation warning will be
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+ emitted. To avoid this, add the following line to your test environment:
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ # config/environments/test.rb
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+ Rails.application.configure do
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+ config.active_support.test_order = :sorted # or `:random` if you prefer
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+ end
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Serialized attributes
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+
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+ When using a custom coder (e.g. `serialize :metadata, JSON`),
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+ assigning `nil` to a serialized attribute will save it to the database
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+ as `NULL` instead of passing the `nil` value through the coder (e.g. `"null"`
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+ when using the `JSON` coder).
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+
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+ ### Production log level
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+
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+ In Rails 5, the default log level for the production environment will be changed
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+ to `:debug` (from `:info`). To preserve the current default, add the following
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+ line to your `production.rb`:
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ # Set to `:info` to match the current default, or set to `:debug` to opt-into
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+ # the future default.
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+ config.log_level = :info
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### `after_bundle` in Rails templates
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+
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+ If you have a Rails template that adds all the files in version control, it
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+ fails to add the generated binstubs because it gets executed before Bundler:
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ # template.rb
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+ generate(:scaffold, "person name:string")
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+ route "root to: 'people#index'"
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+ rake("db:migrate")
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+
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+ git :init
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+ git add: "."
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+ git commit: %Q{ -m 'Initial commit' }
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+ ```
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+
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+ You can now wrap the `git` calls in an `after_bundle` block. It will be run
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+ after the binstubs have been generated.
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ # template.rb
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+ generate(:scaffold, "person name:string")
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+ route "root to: 'people#index'"
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+ rake("db:migrate")
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+
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+ after_bundle do
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+ git :init
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+ git add: "."
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+ git commit: %Q{ -m 'Initial commit' }
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+ end
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Rails HTML Sanitizer
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+
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+ There's a new choice for sanitizing HTML fragments in your applications. The
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+ venerable html-scanner approach is now officially being deprecated in favor of
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+ [`Rails HTML Sanitizer`](https://github.com/rails/rails-html-sanitizer).
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+
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+ This means the methods `sanitize`, `sanitize_css`, `strip_tags` and
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+ `strip_links` are backed by a new implementation.
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+
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+ This new sanitizer uses [Loofah](https://github.com/flavorjones/loofah) internally. Loofah in turn uses Nokogiri, which
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+ wraps XML parsers written in both C and Java, so sanitization should be faster
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+ no matter which Ruby version you run.
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+
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+ The new version updates `sanitize`, so it can take a `Loofah::Scrubber` for
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+ powerful scrubbing.
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+ [See some examples of scrubbers here](https://github.com/flavorjones/loofah#loofahscrubber).
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+
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+ Two new scrubbers have also been added: `PermitScrubber` and `TargetScrubber`.
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+ Read the [gem's readme](https://github.com/rails/rails-html-sanitizer) for more information.
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+ The documentation for `PermitScrubber` and `TargetScrubber` explains how you
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+ can gain complete control over when and how elements should be stripped.
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+
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+ If your application needs to use the old sanitizer implementation, include `rails-deprecated_sanitizer` in your Gemfile:
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ gem 'rails-deprecated_sanitizer'
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Rails DOM Testing
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+ The [`TagAssertions` module](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionDispatch/Assertions/TagAssertions.html) (containing methods such as `assert_tag`), [has been deprecated](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6061472b8c310158a2a2e8e9a6b81a1aef6b60fe/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/dom.rb) in favor of the `assert_select` methods from the `SelectorAssertions` module, which has been extracted into the [rails-dom-testing gem](https://github.com/rails/rails-dom-testing).
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+
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+
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+ ### Masked Authenticity Tokens
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+
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+ In order to mitigate SSL attacks, `form_authenticity_token` is now masked so that it varies with each request. Thus, tokens are validated by unmasking and then decrypting. As a result, any strategies for verifying requests from non-rails forms that relied on a static session CSRF token have to take this into account.
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+
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+ ### Action Mailer
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+
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+ Previously, calling a mailer method on a mailer class will result in the
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+ corresponding instance method being executed directly. With the introduction of
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+ Active Job and `#deliver_later`, this is no longer true. In Rails 4.2, the
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+ invocation of the instance methods are deferred until either `deliver_now` or
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+ `deliver_later` is called. For example:
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
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+ def notify(user, ...)
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+ puts "Called"
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+ mail(to: user.email, ...)
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+ end
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+ end
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+
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+ mail = Notifier.notify(user, ...) # Notifier#welcome is not yet called at this point
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+ mail = mail.deliver_now # Prints "Called"
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+ ```
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+
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+ This should not result in any noticible differnces for most applications.
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+ However, if you need some non-mailer methods to be exectuted synchronously, and
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+ you were previously relying on the synchronous proxying behavior, you should
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+ define them as class methods on the mailer class directly:
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+
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+ ```ruby
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+ class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
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+ def self.broadcast_notifications(users, ...)
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+ users.each { |user| Notifier.notify(user, ...) }
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+ end
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+ end
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+ ```
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+
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  Upgrading from Rails 4.0 to Rails 4.1
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  -------------------------------------
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@@ -30,7 +256,7 @@ Upgrading from Rails 4.0 to Rails 4.1
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  Or, "whaaat my tests are failing!!!?"
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  Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection now covers GET requests with
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- JavaScript responses, too. That prevents a third-party site from referencing
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+ JavaScript responses, too. This prevents a third-party site from referencing
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  your JavaScript URL and attempting to run it to extract sensitive data.
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  This means that your functional and integration tests that use
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  xhr :get, :index, format: :js
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  ```
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+ to explicitly test an `XmlHttpRequest`.
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  If you really mean to load JavaScript from remote `<script>` tags, skip CSRF
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  protection on that action.
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  ```
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  2. Use your existing `secret_key_base` from the `secret_token.rb` initializer to
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- set the SECRET_KEY_BASE environment variable for whichever users run the Rails
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- app in production mode. Alternately, you can simply copy the existing
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- `secret_key_base` from the `secret_token.rb` initializer to `secrets.yml`
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+ set the SECRET_KEY_BASE environment variable for whichever users running the
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+ Rails application in production mode. Alternatively, you can simply copy the existing
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+ `secret_key_base` from the `secret_token.rb` initializer to `secrets.yml`
87
313
  under the `production` section, replacing '<%= ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] %>'.
88
-
314
+
89
315
  3. Remove the `secret_token.rb` initializer.
90
316
 
91
317
  4. Use `rake secret` to generate new keys for the `development` and `test` sections.
@@ -96,7 +322,7 @@ secrets, you need to:
96
322
 
97
323
  If your test helper contains a call to
98
324
  `ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!` this can be removed. The check
99
- is now done automatically when you `require 'test_help'`, although
325
+ is now done automatically when you `require 'rails/test_help'`, although
100
326
  leaving this line in your helper is not harmful in any way.
101
327
 
102
328
  ### Cookies serializer
@@ -140,7 +366,7 @@ If you use the cookie session store, this would apply to the `session` and
140
366
 
141
367
  Flash message keys are
142
368
  [normalized to strings](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/a668beffd64106a1e1fedb71cc25eaaa11baf0c1). They
143
- can still be accessed using either symbols or strings. Lopping through the flash
369
+ can still be accessed using either symbols or strings. Looping through the flash
144
370
  will always yield string keys:
145
371
 
146
372
  ```ruby
@@ -210,6 +436,16 @@ If your application depends on one of these features, you can get them back by
210
436
  adding the [`activesupport-json_encoder`](https://github.com/rails/activesupport-json_encoder)
211
437
  gem to your Gemfile.
212
438
 
439
+ #### JSON representation of Time objects
440
+
441
+ `#as_json` for objects with time component (`Time`, `DateTime`, `ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone`)
442
+ now returns millisecond precision by default. If you need to keep old behavior with no millisecond
443
+ precision, set the following in an initializer:
444
+
445
+ ```
446
+ ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.time_precision = 0
447
+ ```
448
+
213
449
  ### Usage of `return` within inline callback blocks
214
450
 
215
451
  Previously, Rails allowed inline callback blocks to use `return` this way:
@@ -220,7 +456,7 @@ class ReadOnlyModel < ActiveRecord::Base
220
456
  end
221
457
  ```
222
458
 
223
- This behaviour was never intentionally supported. Due to a change in the internals
459
+ This behavior was never intentionally supported. Due to a change in the internals
224
460
  of `ActiveSupport::Callbacks`, this is no longer allowed in Rails 4.1. Using a
225
461
  `return` statement in an inline callback block causes a `LocalJumpError` to
226
462
  be raised when the callback is executed.
@@ -265,7 +501,7 @@ included in the newly introduced `ActiveRecord::FixtureSet.context_class`, in
265
501
  `test_helper.rb`.
266
502
 
267
503
  ```ruby
268
- class FixtureFileHelpers
504
+ module FixtureFileHelpers
269
505
  def file_sha(path)
270
506
  Digest::SHA2.hexdigest(File.read(Rails.root.join('test/fixtures', path)))
271
507
  end
@@ -275,8 +511,8 @@ ActiveRecord::FixtureSet.context_class.send :include, FixtureFileHelpers
275
511
 
276
512
  ### I18n enforcing available locales
277
513
 
278
- Rails 4.1 now defaults the I18n option `enforce_available_locales` to `true`,
279
- meaning that it will make sure that all locales passed to it must be declared in
514
+ Rails 4.1 now defaults the I18n option `enforce_available_locales` to `true`. This
515
+ means that it will make sure that all locales passed to it must be declared in
280
516
  the `available_locales` list.
281
517
 
282
518
  To disable it (and allow I18n to accept *any* locale option) add the following
@@ -286,9 +522,10 @@ configuration to your application:
286
522
  config.i18n.enforce_available_locales = false
287
523
  ```
288
524
 
289
- Note that this option was added as a security measure, to ensure user input could
290
- not be used as locale information unless previously known, so it's recommended not
291
- to disable this option unless you have a strong reason for doing so.
525
+ Note that this option was added as a security measure, to ensure user input
526
+ cannot be used as locale information unless it is previously known. Therefore,
527
+ it's recommended not to disable this option unless you have a strong reason for
528
+ doing so.
292
529
 
293
530
  ### Mutator methods called on Relation
294
531
 
@@ -309,10 +546,10 @@ authors.compact!
309
546
 
310
547
  ### Changes on Default Scopes
311
548
 
312
- Default scopes are no longer overriden by chained conditions.
549
+ Default scopes are no longer overridden by chained conditions.
313
550
 
314
551
  In previous versions when you defined a `default_scope` in a model
315
- it was overriden by chained conditions in the same field. Now it
552
+ it was overridden by chained conditions in the same field. Now it
316
553
  is merged like any other scope.
317
554
 
318
555
  Before:
@@ -389,18 +626,32 @@ response body, you should be using `render :plain` as most browsers will escape
389
626
  unsafe content in the response for you.
390
627
 
391
628
  We will be deprecating the use of `render :text` in a future version. So please
392
- start using the more precise `:plain:`, `:html`, and `:body` options instead.
629
+ start using the more precise `:plain`, `:html`, and `:body` options instead.
393
630
  Using `render :text` may pose a security risk, as the content is sent as
394
631
  `text/html`.
395
632
 
396
633
  ### PostgreSQL json and hstore datatypes
397
634
 
398
635
  Rails 4.1 will map `json` and `hstore` columns to a string-keyed Ruby `Hash`.
399
- In earlier versions a `HashWithIndifferentAccess` was used. This means that
636
+ In earlier versions, a `HashWithIndifferentAccess` was used. This means that
400
637
  symbol access is no longer supported. This is also the case for
401
638
  `store_accessors` based on top of `json` or `hstore` columns. Make sure to use
402
639
  string keys consistently.
403
640
 
641
+ ### Explicit block use for `ActiveSupport::Callbacks`
642
+
643
+ Rails 4.1 now expects an explicit block to be passed when calling
644
+ `ActiveSupport::Callbacks.set_callback`. This change stems from
645
+ `ActiveSupport::Callbacks` being largely rewritten for the 4.1 release.
646
+
647
+ ```ruby
648
+ # Previously in Rails 4.0
649
+ set_callback :save, :around, ->(r, &block) { stuff; result = block.call; stuff }
650
+
651
+ # Now in Rails 4.1
652
+ set_callback :save, :around, ->(r, block) { stuff; result = block.call; stuff }
653
+ ```
654
+
404
655
  Upgrading from Rails 3.2 to Rails 4.0
405
656
  -------------------------------------
406
657
 
@@ -472,7 +723,7 @@ being used, you can update your form to use the `PUT` method instead:
472
723
  <%= form_for [ :update_name, @user ], method: :put do |f| %>
473
724
  ```
474
725
 
475
- For more on PATCH and why this change was made, see [this post](http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2012/2/25/edge-rails-patch-is-the-new-primary-http-method-for-updates/)
726
+ For more on PATCH and why this change was made, see [this post](http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2012/2/26/edge-rails-patch-is-the-new-primary-http-method-for-updates/)
476
727
  on the Rails blog.
477
728
 
478
729
  #### A note about media types
@@ -488,7 +739,7 @@ def update
488
739
  respond_to do |format|
489
740
  format.json do
490
741
  # perform a partial update
491
- @post.update params[:post]
742
+ @article.update params[:article]
492
743
  end
493
744
 
494
745
  format.json_patch do
@@ -532,6 +783,9 @@ Rails 4.0 no longer supports loading plugins from `vendor/plugins`. You must rep
532
783
 
533
784
  * Rails 4.0 has changed `serialized_attributes` and `attr_readonly` to class methods only. You shouldn't use instance methods since it's now deprecated. You should change them to use class methods, e.g. `self.serialized_attributes` to `self.class.serialized_attributes`.
534
785
 
786
+ * When using the default coder, assigning `nil` to a serialized attribute will save it
787
+ to the database as `NULL` instead of passing the `nil` value through YAML (`"--- \n...\n"`).
788
+
535
789
  * Rails 4.0 has removed `attr_accessible` and `attr_protected` feature in favor of Strong Parameters. You can use the [Protected Attributes gem](https://github.com/rails/protected_attributes) for a smooth upgrade path.
536
790
 
537
791
  * If you are not using Protected Attributes, you can remove any options related to
@@ -551,7 +805,7 @@ this gem such as `whitelist_attributes` or `mass_assignment_sanitizer` options.
551
805
  * Rails 4.0 has deprecated `ActiveRecord::TestCase` in favor of `ActiveSupport::TestCase`.
552
806
 
553
807
  * Rails 4.0 has deprecated the old-style hash based finder API. This means that
554
- methods which previously accepted "finder options" no longer do.
808
+ methods which previously accepted "finder options" no longer do. For example, `Book.find(:all, conditions: { name: '1984' })` has been deprecated in favor of `Book.where(name: '1984')`
555
809
 
556
810
  * All dynamic methods except for `find_by_...` and `find_by_...!` are deprecated.
557
811
  Here's how you can handle the changes:
@@ -576,7 +830,7 @@ Rails 4.0 extracted Active Resource to its own gem. If you still need the featur
576
830
 
577
831
  * Rails 4.0 has changed how errors attach with the `ActiveModel::Validations::ConfirmationValidator`. Now when confirmation validations fail, the error will be attached to `:#{attribute}_confirmation` instead of `attribute`.
578
832
 
579
- * Rails 4.0 has changed `ActiveModel::Serializers::JSON.include_root_in_json` default value to `false`. Now, Active Model Serializers and Active Record objects have the same default behaviour. This means that you can comment or remove the following option in the `config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb` file:
833
+ * Rails 4.0 has changed `ActiveModel::Serializers::JSON.include_root_in_json` default value to `false`. Now, Active Model Serializers and Active Record objects have the same default behavior. This means that you can comment or remove the following option in the `config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb` file:
580
834
 
581
835
  ```ruby
582
836
  # Disable root element in JSON by default.
@@ -702,7 +956,7 @@ The order in which helpers from more than one directory are loaded has changed i
702
956
 
703
957
  ### Active Record Observer and Action Controller Sweeper
704
958
 
705
- Active Record Observer and Action Controller Sweeper have been extracted to the `rails-observers` gem. You will need to add the `rails-observers` gem if you require these features.
959
+ `ActiveRecord::Observer` and `ActionController::Caching::Sweeper` have been extracted to the `rails-observers` gem. You will need to add the `rails-observers` gem if you require these features.
706
960
 
707
961
  ### sprockets-rails
708
962
 
@@ -720,17 +974,18 @@ config.assets.js_compressor = :uglifier
720
974
  Upgrading from Rails 3.1 to Rails 3.2
721
975
  -------------------------------------
722
976
 
723
- If your application is currently on any version of Rails older than 3.1.x, you should upgrade to Rails 3.1 before attempting an update to Rails 3.2.
977
+ If your application is currently on any version of Rails older than 3.1.x, you
978
+ should upgrade to Rails 3.1 before attempting an update to Rails 3.2.
724
979
 
725
- The following changes are meant for upgrading your application to Rails 3.2.17,
726
- the last 3.2.x version of Rails.
980
+ The following changes are meant for upgrading your application to the latest
981
+ 3.2.x version of Rails.
727
982
 
728
983
  ### Gemfile
729
984
 
730
985
  Make the following changes to your `Gemfile`.
731
986
 
732
987
  ```ruby
733
- gem 'rails', '3.2.17'
988
+ gem 'rails', '3.2.18'
734
989
 
735
990
  group :assets do
736
991
  gem 'sass-rails', '~> 3.2.6'
@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ paintIt = (element, backgroundColor, textColor) ->
111
111
  element.style.color = textColor
112
112
 
113
113
  $ ->
114
- $("a[data-background-color]").click ->
114
+ $("a[data-background-color]").click (e) ->
115
+ e.preventDefault()
116
+
115
117
  backgroundColor = $(this).data("background-color")
116
118
  textColor = $(this).data("text-color")
117
119
  paintIt(this, backgroundColor, textColor)
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ is a helper that assists with writing forms. `form_for` takes a `:remote`
156
158
  option. It works like this:
157
159
 
158
160
  ```erb
159
- <%= form_for(@post, remote: true) do |f| %>
161
+ <%= form_for(@article, remote: true) do |f| %>
160
162
  ...
161
163
  <% end %>
162
164
  ```
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ option. It works like this:
164
166
  This will generate the following HTML:
165
167
 
166
168
  ```html
167
- <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/posts" class="new_post" data-remote="true" id="new_post" method="post">
169
+ <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/articles" class="new_article" data-remote="true" id="new_article" method="post">
168
170
  ...
169
171
  </form>
170
172
  ```
@@ -178,10 +180,10 @@ bind to the `ajax:success` event. On failure, use `ajax:error`. Check it out:
178
180
 
179
181
  ```coffeescript
180
182
  $(document).ready ->
181
- $("#new_post").on("ajax:success", (e, data, status, xhr) ->
182
- $("#new_post").append xhr.responseText
183
+ $("#new_article").on("ajax:success", (e, data, status, xhr) ->
184
+ $("#new_article").append xhr.responseText
183
185
  ).on "ajax:error", (e, xhr, status, error) ->
184
- $("#new_post").append "<p>ERROR</p>"
186
+ $("#new_article").append "<p>ERROR</p>"
185
187
  ```
186
188
 
187
189
  Obviously, you'll want to be a bit more sophisticated than that, but it's a
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ is very similar to `form_for`. It has a `:remote` option that you can use like
194
196
  this:
195
197
 
196
198
  ```erb
197
- <%= form_tag('/posts', remote: true) do %>
199
+ <%= form_tag('/articles', remote: true) do %>
198
200
  ...
199
201
  <% end %>
200
202
  ```
@@ -202,7 +204,7 @@ this:
202
204
  This will generate the following HTML:
203
205
 
204
206
  ```html
205
- <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/posts" data-remote="true" method="post">
207
+ <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/articles" data-remote="true" method="post">
206
208
  ...
207
209
  </form>
208
210
  ```
@@ -217,21 +219,21 @@ is a helper that assists with generating links. It has a `:remote` option you
217
219
  can use like this:
218
220
 
219
221
  ```erb
220
- <%= link_to "a post", @post, remote: true %>
222
+ <%= link_to "an article", @article, remote: true %>
221
223
  ```
222
224
 
223
225
  which generates
224
226
 
225
227
  ```html
226
- <a href="/posts/1" data-remote="true">a post</a>
228
+ <a href="/articles/1" data-remote="true">an article</a>
227
229
  ```
228
230
 
229
231
  You can bind to the same Ajax events as `form_for`. Here's an example. Let's
230
- assume that we have a list of posts that can be deleted with just one
232
+ assume that we have a list of articles that can be deleted with just one
231
233
  click. We would generate some HTML like this:
232
234
 
233
235
  ```erb
234
- <%= link_to "Delete post", @post, remote: true, method: :delete %>
236
+ <%= link_to "Delete article", @article, remote: true, method: :delete %>
235
237
  ```
236
238
 
237
239
  and write some CoffeeScript like this:
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ and write some CoffeeScript like this:
239
241
  ```coffeescript
240
242
  $ ->
241
243
  $("a[data-remote]").on "ajax:success", (e, data, status, xhr) ->
242
- alert "The post was deleted."
244
+ alert "The article was deleted."
243
245
  ```
244
246
 
245
247
  ### button_to
@@ -247,14 +249,14 @@ $ ->
247
249
  [`button_to`](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/UrlHelper.html#method-i-button_to) is a helper that helps you create buttons. It has a `:remote` option that you can call like this:
248
250
 
249
251
  ```erb
250
- <%= button_to "A post", @post, remote: true %>
252
+ <%= button_to "An article", @article, remote: true %>
251
253
  ```
252
254
 
253
255
  this generates
254
256
 
255
257
  ```html
256
- <form action="/posts/1" class="button_to" data-remote="true" method="post">
257
- <div><input type="submit" value="A post"></div>
258
+ <form action="/articles/1" class="button_to" data-remote="true" method="post">
259
+ <div><input type="submit" value="An article"></div>
258
260
  </form>
259
261
  ```
260
262
 
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ module RailsGuides
60
60
  def guides_to_validate
61
61
  guides = Dir["./output/*.html"]
62
62
  guides.delete("./output/layout.html")
63
+ guides.delete("./output/_license.html")
64
+ guides.delete("./output/_welcome.html")
63
65
  ENV.key?('ONLY') ? select_only(guides) : guides
64
66
  end
65
67