rails 2.1.2 → 2.2.2

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Files changed (221) hide show
  1. data/CHANGELOG +27 -3
  2. data/Rakefile +70 -10
  3. data/bin/about +0 -0
  4. data/bin/console +0 -0
  5. data/bin/destroy +0 -0
  6. data/bin/generate +0 -0
  7. data/bin/performance/benchmarker +0 -0
  8. data/bin/performance/profiler +0 -0
  9. data/bin/performance/request +0 -0
  10. data/bin/plugin +0 -0
  11. data/bin/process/inspector +0 -0
  12. data/bin/process/reaper +0 -0
  13. data/bin/process/spawner +0 -0
  14. data/bin/runner +0 -0
  15. data/bin/server +0 -0
  16. data/config.ru +17 -0
  17. data/configs/apache.conf +0 -0
  18. data/configs/databases/ibm_db.yml +62 -0
  19. data/configs/databases/mysql.yml +3 -0
  20. data/configs/databases/postgresql.yml +3 -0
  21. data/configs/databases/sqlite2.yml +3 -0
  22. data/configs/databases/sqlite3.yml +3 -0
  23. data/configs/locales/en.yml +5 -0
  24. data/dispatches/dispatch.fcgi +1 -1
  25. data/dispatches/dispatch.rb +2 -2
  26. data/dispatches/gateway.cgi +2 -2
  27. data/doc/README_FOR_APP +5 -2
  28. data/doc/guides/html/2_2_release_notes.html +1185 -0
  29. data/doc/guides/html/actioncontroller_basics.html +1270 -0
  30. data/doc/guides/html/activerecord_validations_callbacks.html +749 -0
  31. data/doc/guides/html/association_basics.html +2585 -0
  32. data/doc/guides/html/authors.html +240 -0
  33. data/doc/guides/html/benchmarking_and_profiling.html +1018 -0
  34. data/doc/guides/html/caching_with_rails.html +583 -0
  35. data/doc/guides/html/command_line.html +434 -0
  36. data/doc/guides/html/configuring.html +438 -0
  37. data/doc/guides/html/creating_plugins.html +1594 -0
  38. data/doc/guides/html/debugging_rails_applications.html +1175 -0
  39. data/doc/guides/html/finders.html +1090 -0
  40. data/doc/guides/html/form_helpers.html +638 -0
  41. data/doc/guides/html/getting_started_with_rails.html +2066 -0
  42. data/doc/guides/html/index.html +349 -0
  43. data/doc/guides/html/layouts_and_rendering.html +1406 -0
  44. data/doc/guides/html/migrations.html +921 -0
  45. data/doc/guides/html/routing_outside_in.html +2213 -0
  46. data/doc/guides/html/security.html +1346 -0
  47. data/doc/guides/html/testing_rails_applications.html +1859 -0
  48. data/doc/guides/source/2_2_release_notes.txt +435 -0
  49. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/changelog.txt +5 -0
  50. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/cookies.txt +34 -0
  51. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/csrf.txt +32 -0
  52. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/filters.txt +119 -0
  53. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/http_auth.txt +24 -0
  54. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/index.txt +40 -0
  55. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/introduction.txt +9 -0
  56. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/methods.txt +39 -0
  57. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/parameter_filtering.txt +14 -0
  58. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/params.txt +93 -0
  59. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/request_response_objects.txt +43 -0
  60. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/rescue.txt +67 -0
  61. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/session.txt +187 -0
  62. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/streaming.txt +91 -0
  63. data/doc/guides/source/actioncontroller_basics/verification.txt +40 -0
  64. data/doc/guides/source/active_record_basics.txt +181 -0
  65. data/doc/guides/source/activerecord_validations_callbacks.txt +404 -0
  66. data/doc/guides/source/association_basics.txt +1840 -0
  67. data/doc/guides/source/authors.txt +39 -0
  68. data/doc/guides/source/benchmarking_and_profiling/appendix.txt +95 -0
  69. data/doc/guides/source/benchmarking_and_profiling/digging_deeper.txt +105 -0
  70. data/doc/guides/source/benchmarking_and_profiling/edge_rails_features.txt +185 -0
  71. data/doc/guides/source/benchmarking_and_profiling/gameplan.txt +27 -0
  72. data/doc/guides/source/benchmarking_and_profiling/index.txt +242 -0
  73. data/doc/guides/source/benchmarking_and_profiling/rubyprof.txt +179 -0
  74. data/doc/guides/source/benchmarking_and_profiling/statistics.txt +57 -0
  75. data/doc/guides/source/caching_with_rails.txt +367 -0
  76. data/doc/guides/source/command_line.txt +147 -0
  77. data/doc/guides/source/configuring.txt +225 -0
  78. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/acts_as_yaffle.txt +191 -0
  79. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/appendix.txt +46 -0
  80. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/controllers.txt +59 -0
  81. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/core_ext.txt +123 -0
  82. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/custom_route.txt +69 -0
  83. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/gem.txt +1 -0
  84. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/generator_method.txt +89 -0
  85. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/helpers.txt +51 -0
  86. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/index.txt +52 -0
  87. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/migration_generator.txt +156 -0
  88. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/models.txt +76 -0
  89. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/odds_and_ends.txt +69 -0
  90. data/doc/guides/source/creating_plugins/test_setup.txt +230 -0
  91. data/doc/guides/source/debugging_rails_applications.txt +733 -0
  92. data/doc/guides/source/finders.txt +668 -0
  93. data/doc/guides/source/form_helpers.txt +345 -0
  94. data/doc/guides/source/getting_started_with_rails.txt +1256 -0
  95. data/doc/guides/source/images/belongs_to.png +0 -0
  96. data/doc/guides/source/images/bullet.gif +0 -0
  97. data/doc/guides/source/images/csrf.png +0 -0
  98. data/doc/guides/source/images/habtm.png +0 -0
  99. data/doc/guides/source/images/has_many.png +0 -0
  100. data/doc/guides/source/images/has_many_through.png +0 -0
  101. data/doc/guides/source/images/has_one.png +0 -0
  102. data/doc/guides/source/images/has_one_through.png +0 -0
  103. data/doc/guides/source/images/header_backdrop.png +0 -0
  104. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/README +5 -0
  105. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/1.png +0 -0
  106. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/10.png +0 -0
  107. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/11.png +0 -0
  108. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/12.png +0 -0
  109. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/13.png +0 -0
  110. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/14.png +0 -0
  111. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/15.png +0 -0
  112. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/2.png +0 -0
  113. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/3.png +0 -0
  114. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/4.png +0 -0
  115. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/5.png +0 -0
  116. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/6.png +0 -0
  117. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/7.png +0 -0
  118. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/8.png +0 -0
  119. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/callouts/9.png +0 -0
  120. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/caution.png +0 -0
  121. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/example.png +0 -0
  122. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/home.png +0 -0
  123. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/important.png +0 -0
  124. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/next.png +0 -0
  125. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/note.png +0 -0
  126. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/prev.png +0 -0
  127. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/tip.png +0 -0
  128. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/up.png +0 -0
  129. data/doc/guides/source/images/icons/warning.png +0 -0
  130. data/doc/guides/source/images/polymorphic.png +0 -0
  131. data/doc/guides/source/images/rails_logo_remix.gif +0 -0
  132. data/doc/guides/source/images/ruby_on_rails_by_mike_rundle2.gif +0 -0
  133. data/doc/guides/source/images/session_fixation.png +0 -0
  134. data/doc/guides/source/index.txt +118 -0
  135. data/doc/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.txt +982 -0
  136. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/anatomy_of_a_migration.txt +85 -0
  137. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/changelog.txt +5 -0
  138. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/creating_a_migration.txt +109 -0
  139. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/foreign_keys.txt +8 -0
  140. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/index.txt +22 -0
  141. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/rakeing_around.txt +111 -0
  142. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/scheming.txt +47 -0
  143. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/using_models_in_migrations.txt +46 -0
  144. data/doc/guides/source/migrations/writing_a_migration.txt +159 -0
  145. data/doc/guides/source/routing_outside_in.txt +986 -0
  146. data/doc/guides/source/security.txt +984 -0
  147. data/doc/guides/source/stylesheets/base.css +358 -0
  148. data/doc/guides/source/stylesheets/forms.css +35 -0
  149. data/doc/guides/source/stylesheets/more.css +82 -0
  150. data/doc/guides/source/templates/guides.html.erb +97 -0
  151. data/doc/guides/source/templates/inline.css +165 -0
  152. data/doc/guides/source/testing_rails_applications.txt +995 -0
  153. data/environments/boot.rb +2 -2
  154. data/environments/environment.rb +9 -1
  155. data/environments/production.rb +3 -1
  156. data/helpers/performance_test.rb +9 -0
  157. data/html/500.html +4 -1
  158. data/html/javascripts/controls.js +72 -72
  159. data/html/javascripts/dragdrop.js +165 -164
  160. data/html/javascripts/effects.js +173 -165
  161. data/html/javascripts/prototype.js +362 -267
  162. data/lib/commands/console.rb +13 -0
  163. data/lib/commands/dbconsole.rb +2 -2
  164. data/lib/commands/ncgi/listener +2 -2
  165. data/lib/commands/ncgi/tracker +2 -2
  166. data/lib/commands/plugin.rb +41 -24
  167. data/lib/commands/process/spawner.rb +4 -4
  168. data/lib/commands/runner.rb +1 -1
  169. data/lib/commands/server.rb +11 -1
  170. data/lib/commands/servers/thin.rb +25 -0
  171. data/lib/fcgi_handler.rb +1 -3
  172. data/lib/initializer.rb +162 -39
  173. data/lib/performance_test_help.rb +5 -0
  174. data/lib/rails/gem_builder.rb +3 -3
  175. data/lib/rails/gem_dependency.rb +155 -33
  176. data/lib/rails/mongrel_server/commands.rb +1 -1
  177. data/lib/rails/plugin.rb +10 -2
  178. data/lib/rails/rack.rb +6 -0
  179. data/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb +28 -0
  180. data/lib/rails/rack/static.rb +35 -0
  181. data/lib/rails/vendor_gem_source_index.rb +140 -0
  182. data/lib/rails/version.rb +1 -1
  183. data/lib/rails_generator/commands.rb +10 -16
  184. data/lib/rails_generator/generated_attribute.rb +4 -0
  185. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/applications/app/app_generator.rb +9 -3
  186. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/controller/controller_generator.rb +1 -1
  187. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/controller/templates/functional_test.rb +1 -1
  188. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/integration_test/integration_test_generator.rb +1 -1
  189. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/integration_test/templates/integration_test.rb +2 -2
  190. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/mailer/mailer_generator.rb +1 -1
  191. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/mailer/templates/unit_test.rb +2 -3
  192. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/model/model_generator.rb +1 -1
  193. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/model/templates/model.rb +3 -0
  194. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/model/templates/unit_test.rb +1 -1
  195. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/observer/observer_generator.rb +1 -1
  196. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/observer/templates/unit_test.rb +1 -1
  197. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/performance_test/USAGE +8 -0
  198. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/performance_test/performance_test_generator.rb +16 -0
  199. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/performance_test/templates/performance_test.rb +9 -0
  200. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/plugin/plugin_generator.rb +11 -11
  201. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/plugin/templates/Rakefile +1 -0
  202. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/plugin/templates/test_helper.rb +3 -0
  203. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/plugin/templates/unit_test.rb +4 -4
  204. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/resource/resource_generator.rb +2 -2
  205. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/resource/templates/functional_test.rb +1 -1
  206. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/scaffold/USAGE +9 -5
  207. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/scaffold/scaffold_generator.rb +10 -3
  208. data/lib/rails_generator/generators/components/scaffold/templates/functional_test.rb +7 -7
  209. data/lib/rails_generator/scripts.rb +1 -1
  210. data/lib/rails_generator/scripts/destroy.rb +6 -7
  211. data/lib/rails_generator/secret_key_generator.rb +5 -147
  212. data/lib/tasks/annotations.rake +8 -11
  213. data/lib/tasks/databases.rake +42 -15
  214. data/lib/tasks/documentation.rake +15 -0
  215. data/lib/tasks/framework.rake +5 -1
  216. data/lib/tasks/gems.rake +24 -8
  217. data/lib/tasks/misc.rake +3 -4
  218. data/lib/tasks/testing.rake +25 -4
  219. data/lib/test_help.rb +1 -2
  220. data/lib/webrick_server.rb +2 -11
  221. metadata +165 -9
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+ <body>
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+ <div id="header" >
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+ <div id="logo">
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+ <a href="index.html" title="Ruby on Rails"><img src="images/rails_logo_remix.gif" alt="Rails" height="140" width="110" /></a>
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+ </div>
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+ <h1 id="site_title"><span>Ruby on Rails</span></h1>
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+ <h2 id="site_title_tagline">Sustainable productivity for web-application development</h2>
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+ <ul id="navMain">
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+ <li class="first-child"><a href="http://www.rubyonrails.org/" title="Ruby on Rails" class="ruby_on_rails">Ruby on Rails</a></li>
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+ <h2>Chapters</h2>
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+ <ol>
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+ <li>
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+ <a href="#_basic_caching">Basic Caching</a>
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+ <ul>
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+ <li><a href="#_page_caching">Page Caching</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#_fragment_caching">Fragment Caching</a></li>
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+ </li>
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+ <a href="#_advanced_caching">Advanced Caching</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ol>
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+ </div>
224
+
225
+ <div id="content">
226
+ <h1>Caching with Rails: An overview</h1>
227
+ <div id="preamble">
228
+ <div class="sectionbody">
229
+ <div class="para"><p>Everyone caches. This guide will teach you what you need to know about
230
+ avoiding that expensive round-trip to your database and returning what you
231
+ need to return to those hungry web clients in the shortest time possible.</p></div>
232
+ </div>
233
+ </div>
234
+ <h2 id="_basic_caching">1. Basic Caching</h2>
235
+ <div class="sectionbody">
236
+ <div class="para"><p>This is an introduction to the three types of caching techniques that Rails
237
+ provides by default without the use of any third party plugins.</p></div>
238
+ <div class="para"><p>To get started make sure config.action_controller.perform_caching is set
239
+ to true for your environment. This flag is normally set in the
240
+ corresponding config/environments/*.rb and caching is disabled by default
241
+ there for development and test, and enabled for production.</p></div>
242
+ <div class="listingblock">
243
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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+ by Lorenzo Bettini
245
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
246
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
247
+ <pre><tt>config<span style="color: #990000">.</span>action_controller<span style="color: #990000">.</span>perform_caching <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">true</span></span>
248
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
249
+ <h3 id="_page_caching">1.1. Page Caching</h3>
250
+ <div class="para"><p>Page caching is a Rails mechanism which allows the request for a generated
251
+ page to be fulfilled by the webserver, without ever having to go through the
252
+ Rails stack at all. Obviously, this is super-fast. Unfortunately, it can't be
253
+ applied to every situation (such as pages that need authentication) and since
254
+ the webserver is literally just serving a file from the filesystem, cache
255
+ expiration is an issue that needs to be dealt with.</p></div>
256
+ <div class="para"><p>So, how do you enable this super-fast cache behavior? Simple, let's say you
257
+ have a controller called ProductsController and a <em>list</em> action that lists all
258
+ the products</p></div>
259
+ <div class="listingblock">
260
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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+ by Lorenzo Bettini
262
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
263
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
264
+ <pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> ProductsController <span style="color: #990000">&lt;</span> ActionController
265
+
266
+ caches_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>index
267
+
268
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> index<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
269
+
270
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
271
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
272
+ <div class="para"><p>The first time anyone requests products/index, Rails will generate a file
273
+ called index.html and the webserver will then look for that file before it
274
+ passes the next request for products/index to your Rails application.</p></div>
275
+ <div class="para"><p>By default, the page cache directory is set to Rails.public_path (which is
276
+ usually set to RAILS_ROOT + "/public") and this can be configured by
277
+ changing the configuration setting ActionController::Base.page_cache_directory. Changing the
278
+ default from /public helps avoid naming conflicts, since you may want to
279
+ put other static html in /public, but changing this will require web
280
+ server reconfiguration to let the web server know where to serve the
281
+ cached files from.</p></div>
282
+ <div class="para"><p>The Page Caching mechanism will automatically add a .html exxtension to
283
+ requests for pages that do not have an extension to make it easy for the
284
+ webserver to find those pages and this can be configured by changing the
285
+ configuration setting ActionController::Base.page_cache_extension.</p></div>
286
+ <div class="para"><p>In order to expire this page when a new product is added we could extend our
287
+ example controler like this:</p></div>
288
+ <div class="listingblock">
289
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
290
+ by Lorenzo Bettini
291
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
292
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
293
+ <pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> ProductsController <span style="color: #990000">&lt;</span> ActionController
294
+
295
+ caches_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>list
296
+
297
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> list<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
298
+
299
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> create
300
+ expire_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>list
301
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
302
+
303
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
304
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
305
+ <div class="para"><p>If you want a more complicated expiration scheme, you can use cache sweepers
306
+ to expire cached objects when things change. This is covered in the section on Sweepers.</p></div>
307
+ <h3 id="_action_caching">1.2. Action Caching</h3>
308
+ <div class="para"><p>One of the issues with Page Caching is that you cannot use it for pages that
309
+ require to restrict access somehow. This is where Action Caching comes in.
310
+ Action Caching works like Page Caching except for the fact that the incoming
311
+ web request does go from the webserver to the Rails stack and Action Pack so
312
+ that before filters can be run on it before the cache is served, so that
313
+ authentication and other restrictions can be used while still serving the
314
+ result of the output from a cached copy.</p></div>
315
+ <div class="para"><p>Clearing the cache works in the exact same way as with Page Caching.</p></div>
316
+ <div class="para"><p>Let's say you only wanted authenticated users to edit or create a Product
317
+ object, but still cache those pages:</p></div>
318
+ <div class="listingblock">
319
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
320
+ by Lorenzo Bettini
321
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
322
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
323
+ <pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> ProductsController <span style="color: #990000">&lt;</span> ActionController
324
+
325
+ before_filter <span style="color: #990000">:</span>authenticate<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>only <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">[</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>create <span style="color: #990000">]</span>
326
+ caches_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>list
327
+ caches_action <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit
328
+
329
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> list<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
330
+
331
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> create
332
+ expire_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>list
333
+ expire_action <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit
334
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
335
+
336
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> edit<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
337
+
338
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
339
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
340
+ <div class="para"><p>And you can also use :if (or :unless) to pass a Proc that specifies when the
341
+ action should be cached. Also, you can use :layout &#8658; false to cache without
342
+ layout so that dynamic information in the layout such as logged in user info
343
+ or the number of items in the cart can be left uncached. This feature is
344
+ available as of Rails 2.2.</p></div>
345
+ <div class="para"><p>[More: more examples? Walk-through of Action Caching from request to response?
346
+ Description of Rake tasks to clear cached files? Show example of
347
+ subdomain caching? Talk about :cache_path, :if and assing blocks/Procs
348
+ to expire_action?]</p></div>
349
+ <h3 id="_fragment_caching">1.3. Fragment Caching</h3>
350
+ <div class="para"><p>Life would be perfect if we could get away with caching the entire contents of
351
+ a page or action and serving it out to the world. Unfortunately, dynamic web
352
+ applications usually build pages with a variety of components not all of which
353
+ have the same caching characteristics. In order to address such a dynamically
354
+ created page where different parts of the page need to be cached and expired
355
+ differently Rails provides a mechanism called Fragment Caching.</p></div>
356
+ <div class="para"><p>Fragment Caching allows a fragment of view logic to be wrapped in a cache
357
+ block and served out of the cache store when the next request comes in.</p></div>
358
+ <div class="para"><p>As an example, if you wanted to show all the orders placed on your website
359
+ in real time and didn't want to cache that part of the page, but did want
360
+ to cache the part of the page which lists all products available, you
361
+ could use this piece of code:</p></div>
362
+ <div class="listingblock">
363
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
364
+ by Lorenzo Bettini
365
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
366
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
367
+ <pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;% Order.find_recent.each do |o| %&gt;</span>
368
+ <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;%= o.buyer.name %&gt;</span> bought <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;% o.product.name %&gt;</span>
369
+ <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;% end %&gt;</span>
370
+
371
+ <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;% cache do %&gt;</span>
372
+ All available products<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
373
+ <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;% Product.find(:all).each do |p| %&gt;</span>
374
+ <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;%= link_to p.name, product_url(p) %&gt;</span>
375
+ <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;% end %&gt;</span>
376
+ <span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;% end %&gt;</span>
377
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
378
+ <div class="para"><p>The cache block in our example will bind to the action that called it and is
379
+ written out to the same place as the Action Cache, which means that if you
380
+ want to cache multiple fragments per action, you should provide an action_suffix to the cache call:</p></div>
381
+ <div class="listingblock">
382
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
383
+ by Lorenzo Bettini
384
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
385
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
386
+ <pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000">&lt;% cache(:action =&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'recent'</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action_suffix <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'all_products'</span><span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">%&gt;</span>
387
+ All available products<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
388
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
389
+ <div class="para"><p>and you can expire it using the expire_fragment method, like so:</p></div>
390
+ <div class="listingblock">
391
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
392
+ by Lorenzo Bettini
393
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
394
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
395
+ <pre><tt>expire_fragment<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>controller <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'producst'</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'recent'</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action_suffix <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> 'all_products<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
396
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
397
+ <h3 id="_sweepers">1.4. Sweepers</h3>
398
+ <div class="para"><p>Cache sweeping is a mechanism which allows you to get around having a ton of
399
+ expire_{page,action,fragment} calls in your code by moving all the work
400
+ required to expire cached content into a ActionController::Caching::Sweeper
401
+ class that is an Observer and looks for changes to an object via callbacks,
402
+ and when a change occurs it expires the caches associated with that object n
403
+ an around or after filter.</p></div>
404
+ <div class="para"><p>Continuing with our Product controller example, we could rewrite it with a
405
+ sweeper such as the following:</p></div>
406
+ <div class="listingblock">
407
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
408
+ by Lorenzo Bettini
409
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
410
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
411
+ <pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> StoreSweeper <span style="color: #990000">&lt;</span> ActionController<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Caching<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Sweeper
412
+ observe Product <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># This sweeper is going to keep an eye on the Post model</span></span>
413
+
414
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># If our sweeper detects that a Post was created call this</span></span>
415
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> after_create<span style="color: #990000">(</span>product<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
416
+ expire_cache_for<span style="color: #990000">(</span>product<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
417
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
418
+
419
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># If our sweeper detects that a Post was updated call this</span></span>
420
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> after_update<span style="color: #990000">(</span>product<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
421
+ expire_cache_for<span style="color: #990000">(</span>product<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
422
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
423
+
424
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># If our sweeper detects that a Post was deleted call this</span></span>
425
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> after_destroy<span style="color: #990000">(</span>product<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
426
+ expire_cache_for<span style="color: #990000">(</span>product<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
427
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
428
+
429
+ private
430
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> expire_cache_for<span style="color: #990000">(</span>record<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
431
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># Expire the list page now that we added a new product</span></span>
432
+ expire_page<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>controller <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'#{record}'</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'list'</span><span style="color: #990000">)</span>
433
+
434
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># Expire a fragment</span></span>
435
+ expire_fragment<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>controller <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'#{record}'</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'recent'</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action_suffix <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'all_products'</span><span style="color: #990000">)</span>
436
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
437
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
438
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
439
+ <div class="para"><p>Then we add it to our controller to tell it to call the sweeper when certain
440
+ actions are called. So, if we wanted to expire the cached content for the
441
+ list and edit actions when the create action was called, we could do the
442
+ following:</p></div>
443
+ <div class="listingblock">
444
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
445
+ by Lorenzo Bettini
446
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
447
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
448
+ <pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> ProductsController <span style="color: #990000">&lt;</span> ActionController
449
+
450
+ before_filter <span style="color: #990000">:</span>authenticate<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>only <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">[</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>create <span style="color: #990000">]</span>
451
+ caches_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>list
452
+ caches_action <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit
453
+ cache_sweeper <span style="color: #990000">:</span>store_sweeper<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>only <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">[</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>create <span style="color: #990000">]</span>
454
+
455
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> list<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
456
+
457
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> create
458
+ expire_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>list
459
+ expire_action <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit
460
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
461
+
462
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> edit<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
463
+
464
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
465
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
466
+ <h3 id="_sql_caching">1.5. SQL Caching</h3>
467
+ <div class="para"><p>Query caching is a Rails feature that caches the result set returned by each
468
+ query so that if Rails encounters the same query again for that request, it
469
+ will used the cached result set as opposed to running the query against the
470
+ database again.</p></div>
471
+ <div class="para"><p>For example:</p></div>
472
+ <div class="listingblock">
473
+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
474
+ by Lorenzo Bettini
475
+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
476
+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
477
+ <pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> ProductsController <span style="color: #990000">&lt;</span> ActionController
478
+
479
+ before_filter <span style="color: #990000">:</span>authenticate<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>only <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">[</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>create <span style="color: #990000">]</span>
480
+ caches_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>list
481
+ caches_action <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit
482
+ cache_sweeper <span style="color: #990000">:</span>store_sweeper<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>only <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">[</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>create <span style="color: #990000">]</span>
483
+
484
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> list
485
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># Run a find query</span></span>
486
+ Product<span style="color: #990000">.</span>find<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>all<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
487
+
488
+ <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
489
+
490
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># Run the same query again</span></span>
491
+ Product<span style="color: #990000">.</span>find<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>all<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
492
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
493
+
494
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> create
495
+ expire_page <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>list
496
+ expire_action <span style="color: #990000">:</span>action <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>edit
497
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
498
+
499
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> edit<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
500
+
501
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
502
+ </tt></pre></div></div>
503
+ <div class="para"><p>In the <em>list</em> action above, the result set returned by the first
504
+ Product.find(:all) will be cached and will be used to avoid querying the
505
+ database again the second time that finder is called.</p></div>
506
+ <div class="para"><p>Query caches are created at the start of an action and destroyed at the end of
507
+ that action and thus persist only for the duration of the action.</p></div>
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+ <h3 id="_cache_stores">1.6. Cache stores</h3>
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+ <div class="para"><p>Rails provides different stores for the cached data for action and fragment
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+ caches. Page caches are always stored on disk.</p></div>
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+ <div class="para"><p>The cache stores provided include:</p></div>
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+ <div class="para"><p>1) Memory store: Cached data is stored in the memory allocated to the Rails
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+ process, which is fine for WEBrick and for FCGI (if you
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+ don't care that each FCGI process holds its own fragment
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+ store). It's not suitable for CGI as the process is thrown
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+ away at the end of each request. It can potentially also
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+ take up a lot of memory since each process keeps all the
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+ caches in memory.</p></div>
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+ <div class="listingblock">
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+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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+ by Lorenzo Bettini
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+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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+ <pre><tt>ActionController<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Base<span style="color: #990000">.</span>cache_store <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>memory_store
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+ </tt></pre></div></div>
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+ <div class="para"><p>2) File store: Cached data is stored on the disk, this is the default store
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+ and the default path for this store is: /tmp/cache. Works
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+ well for all types of environments and allows all processes
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+ running from the same application directory to access the
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+ cached content.</p></div>
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+ <div class="listingblock">
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+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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+ by Lorenzo Bettini
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+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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+ <pre><tt>ActionController<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Base<span style="color: #990000">.</span>cache_store <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>file_store<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"/path/to/cache/directory"</span>
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+ </tt></pre></div></div>
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+ <div class="para"><p>3) DRb store: Cached data is stored in a separate shared DRb process that all
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+ servers communicate with. This works for all environments and
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+ only keeps one cache around for all processes, but requires
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+ that you run and manage a separate DRb process.</p></div>
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+ <div class="listingblock">
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+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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+ by Lorenzo Bettini
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+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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+ <pre><tt>ActionController<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Base<span style="color: #990000">.</span>cache_store <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>drb_store<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"druby://localhost:9192"</span>
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+ </tt></pre></div></div>
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+ <div class="para"><p>4) MemCached store: Works like DRbStore, but uses Danga's MemCache instead.
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+ Requires the ruby-memcache library:
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+ gem install ruby-memcache.</p></div>
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+ <div class="listingblock">
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+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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+ by Lorenzo Bettini
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+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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+ <pre><tt>ActionController<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Base<span style="color: #990000">.</span>cache_store <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>mem_cache_store<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"localhost"</span>
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+ </tt></pre></div></div>
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+ <div class="para"><p>5) Custom store: You can define your own cache store (new in Rails 2.1)</p></div>
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+ <div class="listingblock">
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+ <div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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+ by Lorenzo Bettini
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+ http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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+ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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+ <pre><tt>ActionController<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Base<span style="color: #990000">.</span>cache_store <span style="color: #990000">=</span> MyOwnStore<span style="color: #990000">.</span>new<span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #FF0000">"parameter"</span><span style="color: #990000">)</span>
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+ </tt></pre></div></div>
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+ </div>
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+ <h2 id="_advanced_caching">2. Advanced Caching</h2>
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+ <div class="sectionbody">
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+ <div class="para"><p>Along with the built-in mechanisms outlined above, a number of excellent
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+ plugins exist to help with finer grained control over caching. These include
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+ Chris Wanstrath's excellent cache_fu plugin (more info here:
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+ <a href="http://errtheblog.com/posts/57-kickin-ass-w-cachefu">http://errtheblog.com/posts/57-kickin-ass-w-cachefu</a>) and Evan Weaver's
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+ interlock plugin (more info here:
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+ <a href="http://blog.evanweaver.com/articles/2007/12/13/better-rails-caching/">http://blog.evanweaver.com/articles/2007/12/13/better-rails-caching/</a>). Both
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+ of these plugins play nice with memcached and are a must-see for anyone
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+ seriously considering optimizing their caching needs.</p></div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </body>
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+ </html>