radius-spec 0.2.0 → 0.6.0

data/benchmarks/bm_setup.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'kalibera'
+require 'benchmark/ips'
+
+# Enable and start GC before each job run. Disable GC afterwards.
+#
+# Inspired by https://www.omniref.com/ruby/2.2.1/symbols/Benchmark/bm?#annotation=4095926&line=182
+class GCSuite
+  def warming(*)
+    run_gc
+  end
+
+  def running(*)
+    run_gc
+  end
+
+  def warmup_stats(*)
+  end
+
+  def add_report(*)
+  end
+
+private
+
+  def run_gc
+    GC.enable
+    GC.start
+    GC.disable
+  end
+end
+
+def as_boolean(val, default: nil)
+  case val.to_s.strip.downcase
+  when "true", "t", "yes", "y", "on", "1"
+    true
+  when "false", "f", "no", "n", "off", "0"
+    false
+  else
+    raise "Unknown boolean value #{val}" if default.nil?
+
+    default
+  end
+end
+
+def section(title = nil)
+  puts "\n#### #{title}" if title
+  puts "\n```"
+  GC.start
+  Benchmark.ips do |bench|
+    bench.config suite: GCSuite.new if GC_DISABLED
+    bench.config stats: :bootstrap, confidence: 95
+
+    yield bench
+    bench.compare!
+  end
+  puts "```"
+end
+
+def display_benchmark_header
+  puts
+  puts "### Environment"
+  puts
+  puts RUBY_DESCRIPTION
+  puts "GC Disabled: #{GC_DISABLED}"
+  puts
+  puts "### Test Cases"
+end
+
+GC_DISABLED = as_boolean(ENV['GC_DISABLED'], default: false)

data/benchmarks/call_vs_yield.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Run from the command line: bundle exec ruby benchmarks/call_vs_yield.rb
+require_relative 'bm_setup'
+
+display_benchmark_header
+
+# rubocop:disable Performance/RedundantBlockCall
+def block_call(&block)
+  block.call
+end
+
+def block_yield(&_block)
+  yield
+end
+
+def block_arg(&_block)
+  1 + 1 # Always do the same amount of work
+end
+
+def no_arg_yield
+  yield
+end
+
+def pass_through(&block)
+  no_arg_yield(&block)
+end
+
+section "Block call vs yield" do |bench|
+  bench.report("block.call") do |times|
+    i = 0
+    while i < times
+      block_call do
+        1 + 1
+      end
+      i += 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  bench.report("block yield") do |times|
+    i = 0
+    while i < times
+      block_yield do
+        1 + 1
+      end
+      i += 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  bench.report("block arg only") do |times|
+    i = 0
+    while i < times
+      block_arg do
+        1 + 1
+      end
+      i += 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  bench.report("no arg yield") do |times|
+    i = 0
+    while i < times
+      no_arg_yield do
+        1 + 1
+      end
+      i += 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  bench.report("pass through block") do |times|
+    i = 0
+    while i < times
+      pass_through do
+        1 + 1
+      end
+      i += 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+# rubocop:enable Performance/RedundantBlockCall
+
+__END__
+
+### Environment
+
+ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029) [x86_64-darwin16]
+GC Disabled: false
+
+### Test Cases
+
+#### Block call vs yield
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+          block.call   117.672k i/100ms
+         block yield   272.613k i/100ms
+      block arg only   287.821k i/100ms
+        no arg yield   286.217k i/100ms
+  pass through block   251.757k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+          block.call      3.181M (± 0.9%) i/s -     15.886M in   5.010444s
+         block yield     14.017M (± 0.7%) i/s -     70.062M in   5.015163s
+      block arg only     17.835M (± 0.7%) i/s -     88.937M in   5.011243s
+        no arg yield     18.056M (± 0.6%) i/s -     90.158M in   5.010075s
+  pass through block     10.776M (± 0.8%) i/s -     53.876M in   5.019221s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+        no arg yield: 18056296.4 i/s
+      block arg only: 17835047.6 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
+         block yield: 14017426.6 i/s - 1.29x  (± 0.01) slower
+  pass through block: 10776151.4 i/s - 1.68x  (± 0.02) slower
+          block.call:  3180610.0 i/s - 5.68x  (± 0.06) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+### Environment
+
+ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029) [x86_64-darwin16]
+GC Disabled: true
+
+### Test Cases
+
+#### Block call vs yield
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+          block.call   134.623k i/100ms
+         block yield   276.955k i/100ms
+      block arg only   306.377k i/100ms
+        no arg yield   286.201k i/100ms
+  pass through block   259.025k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+          block.call      3.558M (± 2.6%) i/s -     17.097M in   5.033155s
+         block yield     14.469M (± 0.7%) i/s -     72.285M in   5.013029s
+      block arg only     18.173M (± 0.6%) i/s -     90.688M in   5.005679s
+        no arg yield     18.207M (± 0.6%) i/s -     90.726M in   5.001766s
+  pass through block     10.794M (± 0.8%) i/s -     53.877M in   5.010781s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+        no arg yield: 18206595.2 i/s
+      block arg only: 18172764.0 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
+         block yield: 14469142.9 i/s - 1.26x  (± 0.01) slower
+  pass through block: 10793657.6 i/s - 1.69x  (± 0.02) slower
+          block.call:  3557929.5 i/s - 5.12x  (± 0.14) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+### Environment
+
+ruby 2.6.0p0 (2018-12-25 revision 66547) [x86_64-darwin16]
+GC Disabled: false
+
+### Test Cases
+
+#### Block call vs yield
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+          block.call   252.830k i/100ms
+         block yield   266.647k i/100ms
+      block arg only   275.856k i/100ms
+        no arg yield   271.677k i/100ms
+  pass through block   251.117k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+          block.call     11.729M (± 0.9%) i/s -     58.404M in   5.004905s
+         block yield     13.216M (± 0.8%) i/s -     65.862M in   5.007922s
+      block arg only     17.288M (± 0.9%) i/s -     86.067M in   5.009110s
+        no arg yield     16.109M (± 0.9%) i/s -     80.145M in   5.006225s
+  pass through block     10.175M (± 1.0%) i/s -     50.726M in   5.010616s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+      block arg only: 17287836.2 i/s
+        no arg yield: 16108506.9 i/s - 1.07x  (± 0.01) slower
+         block yield: 13215609.2 i/s - 1.31x  (± 0.02) slower
+          block.call: 11729199.4 i/s - 1.47x  (± 0.02) slower
+  pass through block: 10174648.1 i/s - 1.70x  (± 0.02) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```

data/benchmarks/case_equality_vs_class_check.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Run from the command line: bundle exec ruby benchmarks/case_equality_vs_class_check.rb
+require_relative 'bm_setup'
+
+display_benchmark_header
+
+section "Class match" do |bench|
+  x = "Any String"
+
+  bench.report("===") do
+    String === x # rubocop:disable Style/CaseEquality
+  end
+
+  bench.report("is_a?") do
+    x.is_a?(String)
+  end
+end
+
+section "Class NO match" do |bench|
+  x = :any_symbol
+
+  bench.report("===") do
+    String === x # rubocop:disable Style/CaseEquality
+  end
+
+  bench.report("is_a?") do
+    x.is_a?(String)
+  end
+end
+
+__END__
+
+### Environment
+
+ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029) [x86_64-darwin16]
+GC Disabled: true
+
+### Test Cases
+
+#### Class match
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+                 ===   284.703k i/100ms
+               is_a?   280.367k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+                 ===     11.394M (± 0.8%) i/s -     56.941M in   5.014392s
+               is_a?     11.068M (± 0.8%) i/s -     55.232M in   5.007549s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+                 ===: 11394313.8 i/s
+               is_a?: 11068062.4 i/s - 1.03x  (± 0.01) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Class NO match
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+                 ===   298.288k i/100ms
+               is_a?   290.294k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+                 ===     10.567M (± 0.7%) i/s -     52.797M in   5.007023s
+               is_a?     10.405M (± 0.7%) i/s -     51.963M in   5.006983s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+                 ===: 10567130.4 i/s
+               is_a?: 10405382.6 i/s - 1.02x  (± 0.01) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```

data/benchmarks/casecmp_vs_downcase.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Run from the command line: bundle exec ruby benchmarks/casecmp_vs_downcase.rb
+require_relative 'bm_setup'
+
+display_benchmark_header
+
+EXPECTED = "match"
+
+puts "### Base Cases"
+
+def downcase_eql(test_case)
+  EXPECTED == test_case.downcase
+end
+
+def casecmp_eql(test_case)
+  0 == EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case)
+end
+
+def casecmp_zero(test_case)
+  EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case).zero?
+end
+
+# This is similar to the original Rubocop cited benchmark code.
+["No MaTcH", "MaTcH"].each do |test_case|
+  section "Case: #{test_case.downcase}" do |bench|
+    bench.report("== downcase") do
+      downcase_eql(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("== casecmp") do
+      casecmp_eql(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("casecmp.zero?") do
+      casecmp_zero(test_case)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# As of Ruby 2.5 both `casecmp` and `casecmp?` accept any object. In the cases
+# where the object is not a string they return `nil`. Prior Ruby 2.5 string
+# conversions need to occur before the compare.
+puts "### Type Cases"
+
+def tos_downcase_eql(test_case)
+  EXPECTED == test_case.to_s.downcase
+end
+
+def safe_casecmp_zero(test_case)
+  EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case)&.zero?
+end
+
+def casecmp_to_i_zero(test_case)
+  EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case).to_i.zero?
+end
+
+def casecmp?(test_case)
+  EXPECTED.casecmp?(test_case)
+end
+
+class StringLike
+  def initialize(test_case)
+    @test_case = test_case
+  end
+
+  def to_str
+    @test_case
+  end
+end
+
+[
+  nil,
+  "no match",
+  "match",
+  123,
+  Object.new,
+  StringLike.new("no match"),
+  StringLike.new("match"),
+].each do |test_case|
+  section "Type Case: #{test_case.inspect}" do |bench|
+    bench.report("== to_s.downcase") do
+      tos_downcase_eql(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("== casecmp") do
+      casecmp_eql(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("casecmp.zero?") do
+      safe_casecmp_zero(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("casecmp.to_i.zero?") do
+      casecmp_to_i_zero(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("casecmp?") do
+      casecmp?(test_case)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+def pre_casecmp_eql(test_case)
+  test_case && 0 == EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case)
+end
+
+def pre_casecmp_zero(test_case)
+  test_case && EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case).zero?
+end
+
+def pre_bang_casecmp_eql(test_case)
+  !!test_case && 0 == EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case)
+end
+
+def pre_bang_casecmp_zero(test_case)
+  !!test_case && EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case).zero?
+end
+
+def pre_nil_casecmp_eql(test_case)
+  !test_case.nil? && 0 == EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case)
+end
+
+def pre_nil_casecmp_zero(test_case)
+  !test_case.nil? && EXPECTED.casecmp(test_case).zero?
+end
+
+# Given the results below this is another set of tests to try to determine if
+# knowing you'll either have `nil` or a `String`
+[nil, "no match"].each do |test_case|
+  section "Pre-check Case: #{test_case.inspect}" do |bench|
+    bench.report("== casecmp(to_s)") do
+      casecmp_eql(test_case.to_s)
+    end
+
+    if RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 2.3
+      bench.report("casecmp?(to_s)") do
+        casecmp?(test_case.to_s)
+      end
+    end
+
+    if RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 2.4
+      bench.report("casecmp?") do
+        casecmp?(test_case)
+      end
+    end
+
+    bench.report("falsey casecmp.zero?") do
+      pre_casecmp_zero(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("falsey == casecmp") do
+      pre_casecmp_eql(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("!! casecmp.zero?") do
+      pre_bang_casecmp_zero(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("!! == casecmp") do
+      pre_bang_casecmp_eql(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("nil? casecmp.zero?") do
+      pre_nil_casecmp_zero(test_case)
+    end
+
+    bench.report("nil? == casecmp") do
+      pre_nil_casecmp_eql(test_case)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+__END__
+
+These results were a little surprising. With `casecmp?` being implemented in C
+I fully expected that to be the fastest version. As the results below show, it
+was actually the slowest except for the `nil` case. Given both `casecmp` and
+`casecmp?` need to perform the same type coercions in Ruby 2.5 this is still
+a bit of a mystery to me.
+
+### Environment
+
+ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029) [x86_64-darwin16]
+GC Disabled: false
+
+### Test Cases
+
+### Base Cases
+
+#### Case: no match
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+         == downcase   212.956k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   242.441k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   250.362k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+         == downcase      5.758M (± 1.1%) i/s -     28.749M in   5.013717s
+          == casecmp      7.263M (± 0.8%) i/s -     36.366M in   5.018952s
+       casecmp.zero?      6.641M (± 0.9%) i/s -     33.298M in   5.026902s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+          == casecmp:  7262964.1 i/s
+       casecmp.zero?:  6640838.5 i/s - 1.09x  (± 0.01) slower
+         == downcase:  5757879.1 i/s - 1.26x  (± 0.02) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Case: match
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+         == downcase   223.277k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   255.309k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   244.326k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+         == downcase      5.601M (± 0.7%) i/s -     28.133M in   5.031201s
+          == casecmp      7.069M (± 0.9%) i/s -     35.488M in   5.033449s
+       casecmp.zero?      6.514M (± 1.0%) i/s -     32.495M in   5.007338s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+          == casecmp:  7069433.4 i/s
+       casecmp.zero?:  6513865.5 i/s - 1.09x  (± 0.01) slower
+         == downcase:  5600607.7 i/s - 1.26x  (± 0.01) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+### Type Cases
+
+#### Type Case: nil
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase   206.757k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   165.652k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   243.968k i/100ms
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?   228.771k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   245.631k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase      4.457M (± 1.3%) i/s -     22.330M in   5.036046s
+          == casecmp      2.959M (± 0.9%) i/s -     14.909M in   5.048155s
+       casecmp.zero?      6.571M (± 0.8%) i/s -     32.936M in   5.023643s
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?      5.610M (± 1.0%) i/s -     28.139M in   5.030920s
+            casecmp?      6.426M (± 0.9%) i/s -     32.178M in   5.022549s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+       casecmp.zero?:  6570981.1 i/s
+            casecmp?:  6426432.5 i/s - 1.02x  (± 0.01) slower
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?:  5609983.7 i/s - 1.17x  (± 0.02) slower
+    == to_s.downcase:  4457210.7 i/s - 1.47x  (± 0.02) slower
+          == casecmp:  2959310.9 i/s - 2.22x  (± 0.03) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Type Case: "no match"
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase   224.166k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   255.225k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   244.858k i/100ms
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?   239.323k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   184.603k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase      4.986M (± 1.7%) i/s -     24.882M in   5.041514s
+          == casecmp      7.478M (± 0.9%) i/s -     37.518M in   5.033271s
+       casecmp.zero?      6.879M (± 1.0%) i/s -     34.525M in   5.036217s
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?      6.166M (± 0.9%) i/s -     30.873M in   5.021792s
+            casecmp?      4.520M (± 1.5%) i/s -     22.522M in   5.022920s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+          == casecmp:  7478045.4 i/s
+       casecmp.zero?:  6878660.6 i/s - 1.09x  (± 0.01) slower
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?:  6166061.6 i/s - 1.21x  (± 0.02) slower
+    == to_s.downcase:  4985671.0 i/s - 1.50x  (± 0.03) slower
+            casecmp?:  4520190.0 i/s - 1.65x  (± 0.03) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Type Case: "match"
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase   222.165k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   255.637k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   242.725k i/100ms
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?   234.070k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   196.526k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase      5.061M (± 1.1%) i/s -     25.327M in   5.022350s
+          == casecmp      7.213M (± 0.8%) i/s -     36.045M in   5.009733s
+       casecmp.zero?      6.591M (± 0.9%) i/s -     33.011M in   5.021453s
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?      5.916M (± 0.9%) i/s -     29.727M in   5.039360s
+            casecmp?      4.462M (± 1.2%) i/s -     22.404M in   5.041505s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+          == casecmp:  7212692.8 i/s
+       casecmp.zero?:  6590791.5 i/s - 1.09x  (± 0.01) slower
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?:  5915576.8 i/s - 1.22x  (± 0.02) slower
+    == to_s.downcase:  5060645.9 i/s - 1.43x  (± 0.02) slower
+            casecmp?:  4462174.0 i/s - 1.62x  (± 0.02) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Type Case: 123
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase   194.578k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   162.422k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   241.653k i/100ms
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?   225.119k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   240.602k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase      4.099M (± 1.0%) i/s -     20.625M in   5.045741s
+          == casecmp      3.068M (± 1.1%) i/s -     15.430M in   5.044417s
+       casecmp.zero?      6.334M (± 0.8%) i/s -     31.657M in   5.007791s
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?      5.284M (± 1.6%) i/s -     26.339M in   5.031971s
+            casecmp?      6.478M (± 1.0%) i/s -     32.481M in   5.031290s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+            casecmp?:  6478253.4 i/s
+       casecmp.zero?:  6333577.2 i/s - 1.02x  (± 0.01) slower
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?:  5284198.7 i/s - 1.23x  (± 0.02) slower
+    == to_s.downcase:  4098628.0 i/s - 1.58x  (± 0.02) slower
+          == casecmp:  3067817.5 i/s - 2.11x  (± 0.03) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Type Case: #<Object:0x00007fcd219587b0>
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase    52.158k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   163.492k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   240.188k i/100ms
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?   226.153k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   236.788k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase    640.939k (± 1.1%) i/s -      3.234M in   5.053840s
+          == casecmp      3.075M (± 0.9%) i/s -     15.368M in   5.008669s
+       casecmp.zero?      6.623M (± 0.9%) i/s -     33.146M in   5.020333s
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?      5.376M (± 1.2%) i/s -     26.912M in   5.027477s
+            casecmp?      6.726M (± 1.0%) i/s -     33.624M in   5.016239s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+            casecmp?:  6726445.6 i/s
+       casecmp.zero?:  6623328.3 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?:  5376386.8 i/s - 1.25x  (± 0.02) slower
+          == casecmp:  3074731.3 i/s - 2.19x  (± 0.03) slower
+    == to_s.downcase:   640938.7 i/s - 10.49x  (± 0.15) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Type Case: #<StringLike:0x00007fcd21958788 @test_case="no match">
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase    52.238k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   212.362k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   207.266k i/100ms
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?   203.147k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   179.658k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase    649.352k (± 0.9%) i/s -      3.291M in   5.074729s
+          == casecmp      5.069M (± 0.9%) i/s -     25.483M in   5.039082s
+       casecmp.zero?      4.852M (± 0.9%) i/s -     24.250M in   5.011911s
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?      4.395M (± 1.1%) i/s -     21.940M in   5.009899s
+            casecmp?      3.443M (± 1.3%) i/s -     17.247M in   5.028774s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+          == casecmp:  5068628.3 i/s
+       casecmp.zero?:  4851650.8 i/s - 1.04x  (± 0.01) slower
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?:  4394669.1 i/s - 1.15x  (± 0.02) slower
+            casecmp?:  3443238.5 i/s - 1.47x  (± 0.02) slower
+    == to_s.downcase:   649351.6 i/s - 7.81x  (± 0.10) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Type Case: #<StringLike:0x00007fcd21958760 @test_case="match">
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase    53.698k i/100ms
+          == casecmp   211.054k i/100ms
+       casecmp.zero?   209.614k i/100ms
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?   205.111k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   177.677k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == to_s.downcase    642.352k (± 1.1%) i/s -      3.222M in   5.024341s
+          == casecmp      4.801M (± 0.9%) i/s -     24.060M in   5.023696s
+       casecmp.zero?      4.509M (± 0.9%) i/s -     22.638M in   5.032909s
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?      4.450M (± 1.2%) i/s -     22.357M in   5.044182s
+            casecmp?      3.332M (± 1.1%) i/s -     16.702M in   5.028767s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+          == casecmp:  4801157.9 i/s
+       casecmp.zero?:  4508944.8 i/s - 1.06x  (± 0.01) slower
+  casecmp.to_i.zero?:  4449914.9 i/s - 1.08x  (± 0.02) slower
+            casecmp?:  3332042.5 i/s - 1.44x  (± 0.02) slower
+    == to_s.downcase:   642351.9 i/s - 7.47x  (± 0.11) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Pre-check Case: nil
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == casecmp(to_s)   222.939k i/100ms
+      casecmp?(to_s)   188.102k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   236.868k i/100ms
+falsey casecmp.zero?   279.966k i/100ms
+   falsey == casecmp   282.745k i/100ms
+    !! casecmp.zero?   266.091k i/100ms
+       !! == casecmp   266.932k i/100ms
+  nil? casecmp.zero?   272.193k i/100ms
+     nil? == casecmp   273.029k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == casecmp(to_s)      4.937M (± 1.0%) i/s -     24.746M in   5.024918s
+      casecmp?(to_s)      3.589M (± 1.1%) i/s -     18.058M in   5.046262s
+            casecmp?      6.417M (± 1.2%) i/s -     31.977M in   5.007501s
+falsey casecmp.zero?      9.773M (± 1.0%) i/s -     48.714M in   5.008779s
+   falsey == casecmp     10.045M (± 0.9%) i/s -     50.046M in   5.001595s
+    !! casecmp.zero?      9.330M (± 0.9%) i/s -     46.566M in   5.009468s
+       !! == casecmp      8.754M (± 2.1%) i/s -     42.442M in   5.001546s
+  nil? casecmp.zero?      8.716M (± 1.0%) i/s -     43.551M in   5.017106s
+     nil? == casecmp      8.596M (± 0.8%) i/s -     42.866M in   5.000683s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+   falsey == casecmp: 10045375.1 i/s
+falsey casecmp.zero?:  9772608.7 i/s - 1.03x  (± 0.01) slower
+    !! casecmp.zero?:  9330161.0 i/s - 1.08x  (± 0.01) slower
+       !! == casecmp:  8754421.4 i/s - 1.15x  (± 0.03) slower
+  nil? casecmp.zero?:  8715727.1 i/s - 1.15x  (± 0.02) slower
+     nil? == casecmp:  8595661.2 i/s - 1.17x  (± 0.01) slower
+            casecmp?:  6417121.6 i/s - 1.57x  (± 0.02) slower
+    == casecmp(to_s):  4936724.1 i/s - 2.03x  (± 0.03) slower
+      casecmp?(to_s):  3588687.7 i/s - 2.80x  (± 0.04) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```
+
+#### Pre-check Case: "no match"
+
+```
+Warming up --------------------------------------
+    == casecmp(to_s)   245.036k i/100ms
+      casecmp?(to_s)   196.918k i/100ms
+            casecmp?   208.835k i/100ms
+falsey casecmp.zero?   252.889k i/100ms
+   falsey == casecmp   253.206k i/100ms
+    !! casecmp.zero?   237.682k i/100ms
+       !! == casecmp   237.849k i/100ms
+  nil? casecmp.zero?   235.435k i/100ms
+     nil? == casecmp   242.031k i/100ms
+Calculating -------------------------------------
+    == casecmp(to_s)      6.598M (± 1.0%) i/s -     33.080M in   5.031444s
+      casecmp?(to_s)      4.044M (± 1.2%) i/s -     20.283M in   5.036826s
+            casecmp?      4.503M (± 0.9%) i/s -     22.554M in   5.019573s
+falsey casecmp.zero?      6.692M (± 0.8%) i/s -     33.634M in   5.036615s
+   falsey == casecmp      7.031M (± 0.9%) i/s -     35.196M in   5.018913s
+    !! casecmp.zero?      6.074M (± 1.1%) i/s -     30.423M in   5.029842s
+       !! == casecmp      6.146M (± 0.8%) i/s -     30.683M in   5.001632s
+  nil? casecmp.zero?      5.891M (± 0.8%) i/s -     29.429M in   5.006134s
+     nil? == casecmp      6.238M (± 0.8%) i/s -     31.222M in   5.015890s
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+
+Comparison:
+   falsey == casecmp:  7031044.2 i/s
+falsey casecmp.zero?:  6691656.4 i/s - 1.05x  (± 0.01) slower
+    == casecmp(to_s):  6598167.5 i/s - 1.07x  (± 0.01) slower
+     nil? == casecmp:  6237735.7 i/s - 1.13x  (± 0.01) slower
+       !! == casecmp:  6146232.8 i/s - 1.14x  (± 0.01) slower
+    !! casecmp.zero?:  6073969.3 i/s - 1.16x  (± 0.02) slower
+  nil? casecmp.zero?:  5890972.7 i/s - 1.19x  (± 0.01) slower
+            casecmp?:  4503136.8 i/s - 1.56x  (± 0.02) slower
+      casecmp?(to_s):  4043637.6 i/s - 1.74x  (± 0.03) slower
+                   with 95.0% confidence
+```