rack 2.2.22 → 3.2.6

data/lib/rack/utils.rb

@@ -6,32 +6,33 @@ require 'fileutils'
 require 'set'
 require 'tempfile'
 require 'time'
+require 'erb'
 
 require_relative 'query_parser'
+require_relative 'mime'
+require_relative 'headers'
+require_relative 'constants'
 
 module Rack
   # Rack::Utils contains a grab-bag of useful methods for writing web
   # applications adopted from all kinds of Ruby libraries.
 
   module Utils
-    (require_relative 'core_ext/regexp'; using ::Rack::RegexpExtensions) if RUBY_VERSION < '2.4'
-
     ParameterTypeError = QueryParser::ParameterTypeError
     InvalidParameterError = QueryParser::InvalidParameterError
+    ParamsTooDeepError = QueryParser::ParamsTooDeepError
     DEFAULT_SEP = QueryParser::DEFAULT_SEP
     COMMON_SEP = QueryParser::COMMON_SEP
     KeySpaceConstrainedParams = QueryParser::Params
-
-    RFC2822_DAY_NAME = [ 'Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat' ]
-    RFC2822_MONTH_NAME = [ 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec' ]
-    RFC2396_PARSER = defined?(URI::RFC2396_PARSER) ? URI::RFC2396_PARSER : URI::RFC2396_Parser.new
+    URI_PARSER = defined?(::URI::RFC2396_PARSER) ? ::URI::RFC2396_PARSER : ::URI::DEFAULT_PARSER
 
     class << self
       attr_accessor :default_query_parser
     end
-    # The default number of bytes to allow parameter keys to take up.
-    # This helps prevent a rogue client from flooding a Request.
-    self.default_query_parser = QueryParser.make_default(65536, 100)
+    # The default amount of nesting to allowed by hash parameters.
+    # This helps prevent a rogue client from triggering a possible stack overflow
+    # when parsing parameters.
+    self.default_query_parser = QueryParser.make_default(32)
 
     module_function
 
@@ -43,13 +44,13 @@ module Rack
     # Like URI escaping, but with %20 instead of +. Strictly speaking this is
     # true URI escaping.
     def escape_path(s)
-      RFC2396_PARSER.escape s
+      URI_PARSER.escape s
     end
 
     # Unescapes the **path** component of a URI.  See Rack::Utils.unescape for
     # unescaping query parameters or form components.
     def unescape_path(s)
-      RFC2396_PARSER.unescape s
+      URI_PARSER.unescape s
     end
 
     # Unescapes a URI escaped string with +encoding+. +encoding+ will be the
@@ -86,14 +87,6 @@ module Rack
       self.default_query_parser = self.default_query_parser.new_depth_limit(v)
     end
 
-    def self.key_space_limit
-      default_query_parser.key_space_limit
-    end
-
-    def self.key_space_limit=(v)
-      self.default_query_parser = self.default_query_parser.new_space_limit(v)
-    end
-
     if defined?(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
       def clock_time
         Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
@@ -132,13 +125,13 @@ module Rack
         }.join("&")
       when Hash
         value.map { |k, v|
-          build_nested_query(v, prefix ? "#{prefix}[#{escape(k)}]" : escape(k))
+          build_nested_query(v, prefix ? "#{prefix}[#{k}]" : k)
         }.delete_if(&:empty?).join('&')
       when nil
-        prefix
+        escape(prefix)
       else
         raise ArgumentError, "value must be a Hash" if prefix.nil?
-        "#{prefix}=#{escape(value)}"
+        "#{escape(prefix)}=#{escape(value)}"
       end
     end
 
@@ -153,6 +146,80 @@ module Rack
       end
     end
 
+    ALLOWED_FORWARED_PARAMS = %w[by for host proto].to_h { |name| [name, name.to_sym] }.freeze
+    private_constant :ALLOWED_FORWARED_PARAMS
+
+    def forwarded_values(forwarded_header)
+      return unless forwarded_header
+      header = forwarded_header.to_s.tr("\n", ";")
+      header.sub!(/\A[\s;,]+/, '')
+      num_params = num_escapes = 0
+      max_params = max_escapes = 1024
+      params = {}
+
+      # Parse parameter list
+      while i = header.index('=')
+        # Only parse up to max parameters, to avoid potential denial of service
+        num_params += 1
+        return if num_params > max_params
+
+        # Found end of parameter name, ensure forward progress in loop
+        param = header.slice!(0, i+1)
+
+        # Remove ending equals and preceding whitespace from parameter name
+        param.chomp!('=')
+        param.strip!
+        param.downcase!
+        return unless param = ALLOWED_FORWARED_PARAMS[param]
+
+        if header[0] == '"'
+          # Parameter value is quoted, parse it, handling backslash escapes
+          header.slice!(0, 1)
+          value = String.new
+
+          while i = header.index(/(["\\])/)
+            c = $1
+
+            # Append all content until ending quote or escape
+            value << header.slice!(0, i)
+
+            # Remove either backslash or ending quote,
+            # ensures forward progress in loop
+            header.slice!(0, 1)
+
+            # stop parsing parameter value if found ending quote
+            break if c == '"'
+
+            # Only allow up to max escapes, to avoid potential denial of service
+            num_escapes += 1
+            return if num_escapes > max_escapes
+            escaped_char = header.slice!(0, 1)
+            value << escaped_char
+          end
+        else
+          if i = header.index(/[;,]/)
+            # Parameter value unquoted (which may be invalid), value ends at comma or semicolon
+            value = header.slice!(0, i)
+            value.sub!(/[\s;,]+\z/, '')
+          else
+            # If no ending semicolon, assume remainder of line is value and stop parsing
+            header.strip!
+            value = header
+            header = ''
+          end
+          value.lstrip!
+        end
+
+        (params[param] ||= []) << value
+
+        # skip trailing semicolons/commas/whitespace, to proceed to next parameter
+        header.sub!(/\A[\s;,]+/, '') unless header.empty?
+      end
+
+      params
+    end
+    module_function :forwarded_values
+
     # Return best accept value to use, based on the algorithm
     # in RFC 2616 Section 14.  If there are multiple best
     # matches (same specificity and quality), the value returned
@@ -167,36 +234,60 @@ module Rack
       end.compact.sort_by do |match, quality|
         (match.split('/', 2).count('*') * -10) + quality
       end.last
-      matches && matches.first
+      matches&.first
     end
 
-    ESCAPE_HTML = {
-      "&" => "&amp;",
-      "<" => "&lt;",
-      ">" => "&gt;",
-      "'" => "&#x27;",
-      '"' => "&quot;",
-      "/" => "&#x2F;"
-    }
-
-    ESCAPE_HTML_PATTERN = Regexp.union(*ESCAPE_HTML.keys)
-
-    # Escape ampersands, brackets and quotes to their HTML/XML entities.
-    def escape_html(string)
-      string.to_s.gsub(ESCAPE_HTML_PATTERN){|c| ESCAPE_HTML[c] }
+    # Introduced in ERB 4.0. ERB::Escape is an alias for ERB::Utils which
+    # doesn't get monkey-patched by rails
+    if defined?(ERB::Escape) && ERB::Escape.instance_method(:html_escape)
+      define_method(:escape_html, ERB::Escape.instance_method(:html_escape))
+    # :nocov:
+    # Ruby 3.2/ERB 4.0 added ERB::Escape#html_escape, so the else
+    # branch cannot be hit on the current Ruby version.
+    else
+      require 'cgi/escape'
+      # Escape ampersands, brackets and quotes to their HTML/XML entities.
+      def escape_html(string)
+        CGI.escapeHTML(string.to_s)
+      end
+    # :nocov:
     end
 
+    # Given an array of available encoding strings, and an array of
+    # acceptable encodings for a request, where each element of the
+    # acceptable encodings array is an array where the first element
+    # is an encoding name and the second element is the numeric
+    # priority for the encoding, return the available encoding with
+    # the highest priority.
+    #
+    # The accept_encoding argument is typically generated by calling
+    # Request#accept_encoding.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   select_best_encoding(%w(compress gzip identity),
+    #                        [["compress", 0.5], ["gzip", 1.0]])
+    #   # => "gzip"
+    #
+    # To reduce denial of service potential, only the first 16
+    # acceptable encodings are considered.
     def select_best_encoding(available_encodings, accept_encoding)
       # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html
 
+      # Only process the first 16 encodings
+      accept_encoding = accept_encoding[0...16]
       expanded_accept_encoding = []
+      wildcard_seen = false
 
       accept_encoding.each do |m, q|
         preference = available_encodings.index(m) || available_encodings.size
 
         if m == "*"
-          (available_encodings - accept_encoding.map(&:first)).each do |m2|
-            expanded_accept_encoding << [m2, q, preference]
+          unless wildcard_seen
+            (available_encodings - accept_encoding.map(&:first)).each do |m2|
+              expanded_accept_encoding << [m2, q, preference]
+            end
+            wildcard_seen = true
           end
         else
           expanded_accept_encoding << [m, q, preference]
@@ -204,7 +295,13 @@ module Rack
       end
 
       encoding_candidates = expanded_accept_encoding
-        .sort_by { |_, q, p| [-q, p] }
+        .sort do |(_, q1, p1), (_, q2, p2)|
+          if r = (q1 <=> q2).nonzero?
+            -r
+          else
+            (p1 <=> p2).nonzero? || 0
+          end
+        end
         .map!(&:first)
 
       unless encoding_candidates.include?("identity")
@@ -218,24 +315,69 @@ module Rack
       (encoding_candidates & available_encodings)[0]
     end
 
-    def parse_cookies(env)
-      parse_cookies_header env[HTTP_COOKIE]
-    end
+    # :call-seq:
+    #   parse_cookies_header(value) -> hash
+    #
+    # Parse cookies from the provided header +value+ according to RFC6265. The
+    # syntax for cookie headers only supports semicolons. Returns a map of
+    # cookie +key+ to cookie +value+.
+    #
+    #   parse_cookies_header('myname=myvalue; max-age=0')
+    #   # => {"myname"=>"myvalue", "max-age"=>"0"}
+    #
+    def parse_cookies_header(value)
+      return {} unless value
 
-    def parse_cookies_header(header)
-      # According to RFC 6265:
-      # The syntax for cookie headers only supports semicolons
-      # User Agent -> Server ==
-      # Cookie: SID=31d4d96e407aad42; lang=en-US
-      return {} unless header
-      header.split(/[;] */n).each_with_object({}) do |cookie, cookies|
+      value.split(/; */n).each_with_object({}) do |cookie, cookies|
         next if cookie.empty?
         key, value = cookie.split('=', 2)
         cookies[key] = (unescape(value) rescue value) unless cookies.key?(key)
       end
     end
 
-    def add_cookie_to_header(header, key, value)
+    # :call-seq:
+    #   parse_cookies(env) -> hash
+    #
+    # Parse cookies from the provided request environment using
+    # parse_cookies_header. Returns a map of cookie +key+ to cookie +value+.
+    #
+    #   parse_cookies({'HTTP_COOKIE' => 'myname=myvalue'})
+    #   # => {'myname' => 'myvalue'}
+    #
+    def parse_cookies(env)
+      parse_cookies_header env[HTTP_COOKIE]
+    end
+
+    # A valid cookie key according to RFC6265 and RFC2616.
+    # A <cookie-name> can be any US-ASCII characters, except control characters, spaces, or tabs. It also must not contain a separator character like the following: ( ) < > @ , ; : \ " / [ ] ? = { }.
+    VALID_COOKIE_KEY = /\A[!#$%&'*+\-\.\^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+\z/.freeze
+    private_constant :VALID_COOKIE_KEY
+
+    # :call-seq:
+    #   set_cookie_header(key, value) -> encoded string
+    #
+    # Generate an encoded string using the provided +key+ and +value+ suitable
+    # for the +set-cookie+ header according to RFC6265. The +value+ may be an
+    # instance of either +String+ or +Hash+. If the cookie key is invalid (as
+    # defined by RFC6265), an +ArgumentError+ will be raised.
+    #
+    # If the cookie +value+ is an instance of +Hash+, it considers the following
+    # cookie attribute keys: +domain+, +max_age+, +expires+ (must be instance
+    # of +Time+), +secure+, +http_only+, +same_site+ and +value+. For more
+    # details about the interpretation of these fields, consult
+    # [RFC6265 Section 5.2](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6265#section-5.2).
+    #
+    #   set_cookie_header("myname", "myvalue")
+    #   # => "myname=myvalue"
+    #
+    #   set_cookie_header("myname", {value: "myvalue", max_age: 10})
+    #   # => "myname=myvalue; max-age=10"
+    #
+    def set_cookie_header(key, value)
+      unless key =~ VALID_COOKIE_KEY
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid cookie key: #{key.inspect}"
+      end
+
       case value
       when Hash
         domain  = "; domain=#{value[:domain]}"   if value[:domain]
@@ -243,123 +385,123 @@ module Rack
         max_age = "; max-age=#{value[:max_age]}" if value[:max_age]
         expires = "; expires=#{value[:expires].httpdate}" if value[:expires]
         secure = "; secure"  if value[:secure]
-        httponly = "; HttpOnly" if (value.key?(:httponly) ? value[:httponly] : value[:http_only])
+        httponly = "; httponly" if (value.key?(:httponly) ? value[:httponly] : value[:http_only])
         same_site =
           case value[:same_site]
           when false, nil
             nil
           when :none, 'None', :None
-            '; SameSite=None'
+            '; samesite=none'
           when :lax, 'Lax', :Lax
-            '; SameSite=Lax'
+            '; samesite=lax'
           when true, :strict, 'Strict', :Strict
-            '; SameSite=Strict'
+            '; samesite=strict'
           else
-            raise ArgumentError, "Invalid SameSite value: #{value[:same_site].inspect}"
+            raise ArgumentError, "Invalid :same_site value: #{value[:same_site].inspect}"
           end
+        partitioned = "; partitioned" if value[:partitioned]
         value = value[:value]
       end
+
       value = [value] unless Array === value
 
-      cookie = "#{escape(key)}=#{value.map { |v| escape v }.join('&')}#{domain}" \
-        "#{path}#{max_age}#{expires}#{secure}#{httponly}#{same_site}"
+      return "#{key}=#{value.map { |v| escape v }.join('&')}#{domain}" \
+        "#{path}#{max_age}#{expires}#{secure}#{httponly}#{same_site}#{partitioned}"
+    end
 
-      case header
-      when nil, ''
-        cookie
-      when String
-        [header, cookie].join("\n")
-      when Array
-        (header + [cookie]).join("\n")
+    # :call-seq:
+    #   set_cookie_header!(headers, key, value) -> header value
+    #
+    # Append a cookie in the specified headers with the given cookie +key+ and
+    # +value+ using set_cookie_header.
+    #
+    # If the headers already contains a +set-cookie+ key, it will be converted
+    # to an +Array+ if not already, and appended to.
+    def set_cookie_header!(headers, key, value)
+      if header = headers[SET_COOKIE]
+        if header.is_a?(Array)
+          header << set_cookie_header(key, value)
+        else
+          headers[SET_COOKIE] = [header, set_cookie_header(key, value)]
+        end
       else
-        raise ArgumentError, "Unrecognized cookie header value. Expected String, Array, or nil, got #{header.inspect}"
+        headers[SET_COOKIE] = set_cookie_header(key, value)
       end
     end
 
-    def set_cookie_header!(header, key, value)
-      header[SET_COOKIE] = add_cookie_to_header(header[SET_COOKIE], key, value)
-      nil
+    # :call-seq:
+    #   delete_set_cookie_header(key, value = {}) -> encoded string
+    #
+    # Generate an encoded string based on the given +key+ and +value+ using
+    # set_cookie_header for the purpose of causing the specified cookie to be
+    # deleted. The +value+ may be an instance of +Hash+ and can include
+    # attributes as outlined by set_cookie_header. The encoded cookie will have
+    # a +max_age+ of 0 seconds, an +expires+ date in the past and an empty
+    # +value+. When used with the +set-cookie+ header, it will cause the client
+    # to *remove* any matching cookie.
+    #
+    #   delete_set_cookie_header("myname")
+    #   # => "myname=; max-age=0; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT"
+    #
+    def delete_set_cookie_header(key, value = {})
+      set_cookie_header(key, value.merge(max_age: '0', expires: Time.at(0), value: ''))
     end
 
-    def make_delete_cookie_header(header, key, value)
-      case header
-      when nil, ''
-        cookies = []
-      when String
-        cookies = header.split("\n")
-      when Array
-        cookies = header
-      end
-
-      key = escape(key)
-      domain = value[:domain]
-      path = value[:path]
-      regexp = if domain
-                 if path
-                   /\A#{key}=.*(?:domain=#{domain}(?:;|$).*path=#{path}(?:;|$)|path=#{path}(?:;|$).*domain=#{domain}(?:;|$))/
-                 else
-                   /\A#{key}=.*domain=#{domain}(?:;|$)/
-                 end
-               elsif path
-                 /\A#{key}=.*path=#{path}(?:;|$)/
-               else
-                 /\A#{key}=/
-               end
+    def delete_cookie_header!(headers, key, value = {})
+      headers[SET_COOKIE] = delete_set_cookie_header!(headers[SET_COOKIE], key, value)
 
-      cookies.reject! { |cookie| regexp.match? cookie }
-
-      cookies.join("\n")
+      return nil
     end
 
-    def delete_cookie_header!(header, key, value = {})
-      header[SET_COOKIE] = add_remove_cookie_to_header(header[SET_COOKIE], key, value)
-      nil
-    end
-
-    # Adds a cookie that will *remove* a cookie from the client.  Hence the
-    # strange method name.
-    def add_remove_cookie_to_header(header, key, value = {})
-      new_header = make_delete_cookie_header(header, key, value)
-
-      add_cookie_to_header(new_header, key,
-                 { value: '', path: nil, domain: nil,
-                   max_age: '0',
-                   expires: Time.at(0) }.merge(value))
+    # :call-seq:
+    #   delete_set_cookie_header!(header, key, value = {}) -> header value
+    #
+    # Set an expired cookie in the specified headers with the given cookie
+    # +key+ and +value+ using delete_set_cookie_header. This causes
+    # the client to immediately delete the specified cookie.
+    #
+    #   delete_set_cookie_header!(nil, "mycookie")
+    #   # => "mycookie=; max-age=0; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT"
+    #
+    # If the header is non-nil, it will be modified in place.
+    #
+    #   header = []
+    #   delete_set_cookie_header!(header, "mycookie")
+    #   # => ["mycookie=; max-age=0; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT"]
+    #   header
+    #   # => ["mycookie=; max-age=0; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT"]
+    #
+    def delete_set_cookie_header!(header, key, value = {})
+      if header
+        header = Array(header)
+        header << delete_set_cookie_header(key, value)
+      else
+        header = delete_set_cookie_header(key, value)
+      end
 
+      return header
     end
 
     def rfc2822(time)
       time.rfc2822
     end
 
-    # Modified version of stdlib time.rb Time#rfc2822 to use '%d-%b-%Y' instead
-    # of '% %b %Y'.
-    # It assumes that the time is in GMT to comply to the RFC 2109.
-    #
-    # NOTE: I'm not sure the RFC says it requires GMT, but is ambiguous enough
-    # that I'm certain someone implemented only that option.
-    # Do not use %a and %b from Time.strptime, it would use localized names for
-    # weekday and month.
-    #
-    def rfc2109(time)
-      wday = RFC2822_DAY_NAME[time.wday]
-      mon = RFC2822_MONTH_NAME[time.mon - 1]
-      time.strftime("#{wday}, %d-#{mon}-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT")
-    end
-
     # Parses the "Range:" header, if present, into an array of Range objects.
     # Returns nil if the header is missing or syntactically invalid.
     # Returns an empty array if none of the ranges are satisfiable.
-    def byte_ranges(env, size)
-      warn "`byte_ranges` is deprecated, please use `get_byte_ranges`" if $VERBOSE
-      get_byte_ranges env['HTTP_RANGE'], size
+    def byte_ranges(env, size, max_ranges: 100)
+      get_byte_ranges env['HTTP_RANGE'], size, max_ranges: max_ranges
     end
 
-    def get_byte_ranges(http_range, size)
+    def get_byte_ranges(http_range, size, max_ranges: 100)
       # See <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.35>
+      # Ignore Range when file size is 0 to avoid a 416 error.
+      return nil if size.zero?
       return nil unless http_range && http_range =~ /bytes=([^;]+)/
+      byte_range = $1
+      return nil if byte_range.count(',') >= max_ranges
       ranges = []
-      $1.split(/,\s*/).each do |range_spec|
+      byte_range.split(/,[ \t]*/).each do |range_spec|
         return nil unless range_spec.include?('-')
         range = range_spec.split('-')
         r0, r1 = range[0], range[1]
@@ -382,25 +524,35 @@ module Rack
         ranges << (r0..r1)  if r0 <= r1
       end
 
-      return [] if ranges.map(&:size).inject(0, :+) > size
+      return [] if ranges.map(&:size).sum > size
 
       ranges
     end
 
-    # Constant time string comparison.
-    #
-    # NOTE: the values compared should be of fixed length, such as strings
-    # that have already been processed by HMAC. This should not be used
-    # on variable length plaintext strings because it could leak length info
-    # via timing attacks.
-    def secure_compare(a, b)
-      return false unless a.bytesize == b.bytesize
+    # :nocov:
+    if defined?(OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare)
+      # Constant time string comparison.
+      #
+      # NOTE: the values compared should be of fixed length, such as strings
+      # that have already been processed by HMAC. This should not be used
+      # on variable length plaintext strings because it could leak length info
+      # via timing attacks.
+      def secure_compare(a, b)
+        return false unless a.bytesize == b.bytesize
+
+        OpenSSL.fixed_length_secure_compare(a, b)
+      end
+    # :nocov:
+    else
+      def secure_compare(a, b)
+        return false unless a.bytesize == b.bytesize
 
-      l = a.unpack("C*")
+        l = a.unpack("C*")
 
-      r, i = 0, -1
-      b.each_byte { |v| r |= v ^ l[i += 1] }
-      r == 0
+        r, i = 0, -1
+        b.each_byte { |v| r |= v ^ l[i += 1] }
+        r == 0
+      end
     end
 
     # Context allows the use of a compatible middleware at different points
@@ -429,101 +581,12 @@ module Rack
       end
     end
 
-    # A case-insensitive Hash that preserves the original case of a
-    # header when set.
-    #
-    # @api private
-    class HeaderHash < Hash # :nodoc:
-      def self.[](headers)
-        if headers.is_a?(HeaderHash) && !headers.frozen?
-          return headers
-        else
-          return self.new(headers)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def initialize(hash = {})
-        super()
-        @names = {}
-        hash.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
-      end
-
-      # on dup/clone, we need to duplicate @names hash
-      def initialize_copy(other)
-        super
-        @names = other.names.dup
-      end
-
-      # on clear, we need to clear @names hash
-      def clear
-        super
-        @names.clear
-      end
-
-      def each
-        super do |k, v|
-          yield(k, v.respond_to?(:to_ary) ? v.to_ary.join("\n") : v)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def to_hash
-        hash = {}
-        each { |k, v| hash[k] = v }
-        hash
-      end
-
-      def [](k)
-        super(k) || super(@names[k.downcase])
-      end
-
-      def []=(k, v)
-        canonical = k.downcase.freeze
-        delete k if @names[canonical] && @names[canonical] != k # .delete is expensive, don't invoke it unless necessary
-        @names[canonical] = k
-        super k, v
-      end
-
-      def delete(k)
-        canonical = k.downcase
-        result = super @names.delete(canonical)
-        result
-      end
-
-      def include?(k)
-        super || @names.include?(k.downcase)
-      end
-
-      alias_method :has_key?, :include?
-      alias_method :member?, :include?
-      alias_method :key?, :include?
-
-      def merge!(other)
-        other.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
-        self
-      end
-
-      def merge(other)
-        hash = dup
-        hash.merge! other
-      end
-
-      def replace(other)
-        clear
-        other.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
-        self
-      end
-
-      protected
-        def names
-          @names
-        end
-    end
-
     # Every standard HTTP code mapped to the appropriate message.
     # Generated with:
-    #   curl -s https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes-1.csv | \
-    #     ruby -ne 'm = /^(\d{3}),(?!Unassigned|\(Unused\))([^,]+)/.match($_) and \
-    #               puts "#{m[1]} => \x27#{m[2].strip}\x27,"'
+    #   curl -s https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes-1.csv \
+    #     | ruby -rcsv -e "puts CSV.parse(STDIN, headers: true) \
+    #     .reject {|v| v['Description'] == 'Unassigned' or v['Description'].include? '(' } \
+    #     .map {|v| %Q/#{v['Value']} => '#{v['Description']}'/ }.join(','+?\n)"
     HTTP_STATUS_CODES = {
       100 => 'Continue',
       101 => 'Switching Protocols',
@@ -545,7 +608,6 @@ module Rack
       303 => 'See Other',
       304 => 'Not Modified',
       305 => 'Use Proxy',
-      306 => '(Unused)',
       307 => 'Temporary Redirect',
       308 => 'Permanent Redirect',
       400 => 'Bad Request',
@@ -561,13 +623,13 @@ module Rack
       410 => 'Gone',
       411 => 'Length Required',
       412 => 'Precondition Failed',
-      413 => 'Payload Too Large',
+      413 => 'Content Too Large',
       414 => 'URI Too Long',
       415 => 'Unsupported Media Type',
       416 => 'Range Not Satisfiable',
       417 => 'Expectation Failed',
       421 => 'Misdirected Request',
-      422 => 'Unprocessable Entity',
+      422 => 'Unprocessable Content',
       423 => 'Locked',
       424 => 'Failed Dependency',
       425 => 'Too Early',
@@ -575,7 +637,7 @@ module Rack
       428 => 'Precondition Required',
       429 => 'Too Many Requests',
       431 => 'Request Header Fields Too Large',
-      451 => 'Unavailable for Legal Reasons',
+      451 => 'Unavailable For Legal Reasons',
       500 => 'Internal Server Error',
       501 => 'Not Implemented',
       502 => 'Bad Gateway',
@@ -585,8 +647,6 @@ module Rack
       506 => 'Variant Also Negotiates',
       507 => 'Insufficient Storage',
       508 => 'Loop Detected',
-      509 => 'Bandwidth Limit Exceeded',
-      510 => 'Not Extended',
       511 => 'Network Authentication Required'
     }
 
@@ -594,12 +654,34 @@ module Rack
     STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY = Hash[((100..199).to_a << 204 << 304).product([true])]
 
     SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE = Hash[*HTTP_STATUS_CODES.map { |code, message|
-      [message.downcase.gsub(/\s|-|'/, '_').to_sym, code]
+      [message.downcase.gsub(/\s|-/, '_').to_sym, code]
     }.flatten]
 
+    OBSOLETE_SYMBOLS_TO_STATUS_CODES = {
+      payload_too_large: 413,
+      unprocessable_entity: 422,
+      bandwidth_limit_exceeded: 509,
+      not_extended: 510
+    }.freeze
+    private_constant :OBSOLETE_SYMBOLS_TO_STATUS_CODES
+
+    OBSOLETE_SYMBOL_MAPPINGS = {
+      payload_too_large: :content_too_large,
+      unprocessable_entity: :unprocessable_content
+    }.freeze
+    private_constant :OBSOLETE_SYMBOL_MAPPINGS
+
     def status_code(status)
       if status.is_a?(Symbol)
-        SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE.fetch(status) { raise ArgumentError, "Unrecognized status code #{status.inspect}" }
+        SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE.fetch(status) do
+          fallback_code = OBSOLETE_SYMBOLS_TO_STATUS_CODES.fetch(status) { raise ArgumentError, "Unrecognized status code #{status.inspect}" }
+          message = "Status code #{status.inspect} is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Rack."
+          if canonical_symbol = OBSOLETE_SYMBOL_MAPPINGS[status]
+            message = "#{message} Please use #{canonical_symbol.inspect} instead."
+          end
+          warn message, uplevel: 3
+          fallback_code
+        end
       else
         status.to_i
       end