rack 1.6.13 → 2.1.4.3

data/lib/rack/request.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'rack/utils'
+require 'rack/media_type'
+
+require_relative 'core_ext/regexp'
 
 module Rack
   # Rack::Request provides a convenient interface to a Rack
@@ -10,371 +15,462 @@ module Rack
   #   req.params["data"]
 
   class Request
-    # The environment of the request.
-    attr_reader :env
-
-    SCHEME_WHITELIST = %w(https http).freeze
+    using ::Rack::RegexpExtensions
 
-    def initialize(env)
-      @env = env
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :ip_filter
     end
 
-    def body;            @env["rack.input"]                       end
-    def script_name;     @env[SCRIPT_NAME].to_s                   end
-    def path_info;       @env[PATH_INFO].to_s                     end
-    def request_method;  @env["REQUEST_METHOD"]                   end
-    def query_string;    @env[QUERY_STRING].to_s                  end
-    def content_length;  @env['CONTENT_LENGTH']                   end
+    self.ip_filter = lambda { |ip| /\A127\.0\.0\.1\Z|\A(10|172\.(1[6-9]|2[0-9]|30|31)|192\.168)\.|\A::1\Z|\Afd[0-9a-f]{2}:.+|\Alocalhost\Z|\Aunix\Z|\Aunix:/i.match?(ip) }
+    ALLOWED_SCHEMES = %w(https http).freeze
+    SCHEME_WHITELIST = ALLOWED_SCHEMES
+    if Object.respond_to?(:deprecate_constant)
+      deprecate_constant :SCHEME_WHITELIST
+    end
 
-    def content_type
-      content_type = @env['CONTENT_TYPE']
-      content_type.nil? || content_type.empty? ? nil : content_type
+    def initialize(env)
+      @params = nil
+      super(env)
     end
 
-    def session;         @env['rack.session'] ||= {}              end
-    def session_options; @env['rack.session.options'] ||= {}      end
-    def logger;          @env['rack.logger']                      end
-
-    # The media type (type/subtype) portion of the CONTENT_TYPE header
-    # without any media type parameters. e.g., when CONTENT_TYPE is
-    # "text/plain;charset=utf-8", the media-type is "text/plain".
-    #
-    # For more information on the use of media types in HTTP, see:
-    # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html#sec3.7
-    def media_type
-      content_type && content_type.split(/\s*[;,]\s*/, 2).first.downcase
+    def params
+      @params ||= super
     end
 
-    # The media type parameters provided in CONTENT_TYPE as a Hash, or
-    # an empty Hash if no CONTENT_TYPE or media-type parameters were
-    # provided.  e.g., when the CONTENT_TYPE is "text/plain;charset=utf-8",
-    # this method responds with the following Hash:
-    #   { 'charset' => 'utf-8' }
-    def media_type_params
-      return {} if content_type.nil?
-      Hash[*content_type.split(/\s*[;,]\s*/)[1..-1].
-        collect { |s| s.split('=', 2) }.
-        map { |k,v| [k.downcase, strip_doublequotes(v)] }.flatten]
+    def update_param(k, v)
+      super
+      @params = nil
     end
 
-    # The character set of the request body if a "charset" media type
-    # parameter was given, or nil if no "charset" was specified. Note
-    # that, per RFC2616, text/* media types that specify no explicit
-    # charset are to be considered ISO-8859-1.
-    def content_charset
-      media_type_params['charset']
+    def delete_param(k)
+      v = super
+      @params = nil
+      v
     end
 
-    def scheme
-      if @env['HTTPS'] == 'on'
-        'https'
-      elsif @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SSL'] == 'on'
-        'https'
-      elsif forwarded_scheme
-        forwarded_scheme
-      else
-        @env["rack.url_scheme"]
+    module Env
+      # The environment of the request.
+      attr_reader :env
+
+      def initialize(env)
+        @env = env
+        super()
       end
-    end
 
-    def ssl?
-      scheme == 'https'
-    end
+      # Predicate method to test to see if `name` has been set as request
+      # specific data
+      def has_header?(name)
+        @env.key? name
+      end
 
-    def host_with_port
-      if forwarded = @env["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST"]
-        forwarded.split(/,\s?/).last
-      else
-        @env['HTTP_HOST'] || "#{@env['SERVER_NAME'] || @env['SERVER_ADDR']}:#{@env['SERVER_PORT']}"
+      # Get a request specific value for `name`.
+      def get_header(name)
+        @env[name]
       end
-    end
 
-    def port
-      if port = host_with_port.split(/:/)[1]
-        port.to_i
-      elsif port = @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT']
-        port.to_i
-      elsif @env.has_key?("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST")
-        DEFAULT_PORTS[scheme]
-      elsif @env.has_key?("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO")
-        DEFAULT_PORTS[@env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'].split(',')[0]]
-      else
-        @env["SERVER_PORT"].to_i
+      # If a block is given, it yields to the block if the value hasn't been set
+      # on the request.
+      def fetch_header(name, &block)
+        @env.fetch(name, &block)
       end
-    end
 
-    def host
-      # Remove port number.
-      host_with_port.to_s.sub(/:\d+\z/, '')
-    end
+      # Loops through each key / value pair in the request specific data.
+      def each_header(&block)
+        @env.each(&block)
+      end
 
-    def script_name=(s); @env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = s.to_s             end
-    def path_info=(s);   @env["PATH_INFO"] = s.to_s               end
+      # Set a request specific value for `name` to `v`
+      def set_header(name, v)
+        @env[name] = v
+      end
 
+      # Add a header that may have multiple values.
+      #
+      # Example:
+      #   request.add_header 'Accept', 'image/png'
+      #   request.add_header 'Accept', '*/*'
+      #
+      #   assert_equal 'image/png,*/*', request.get_header('Accept')
+      #
+      # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec4.html#sec4.2
+      def add_header key, v
+        if v.nil?
+          get_header key
+        elsif has_header? key
+          set_header key, "#{get_header key},#{v}"
+        else
+          set_header key, v
+        end
+      end
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type DELETE
-    def delete?;  request_method == "DELETE"  end
+      # Delete a request specific value for `name`.
+      def delete_header(name)
+        @env.delete name
+      end
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type GET
-    def get?;     request_method == GET       end
+      def initialize_copy(other)
+        @env = other.env.dup
+      end
+    end
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type HEAD
-    def head?;    request_method == HEAD      end
+    module Helpers
+      # The set of form-data media-types. Requests that do not indicate
+      # one of the media types present in this list will not be eligible
+      # for form-data / param parsing.
+      FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES = [
+        'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+        'multipart/form-data'
+      ]
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type OPTIONS
-    def options?; request_method == "OPTIONS" end
+      # The set of media-types. Requests that do not indicate
+      # one of the media types present in this list will not be eligible
+      # for param parsing like soap attachments or generic multiparts
+      PARSEABLE_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES = [
+        'multipart/related',
+        'multipart/mixed'
+      ]
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type LINK
-    def link?;    request_method == "LINK"    end
+      # Default ports depending on scheme. Used to decide whether or not
+      # to include the port in a generated URI.
+      DEFAULT_PORTS = { 'http' => 80, 'https' => 443, 'coffee' => 80 }
+
+      HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME'
+      HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO  = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'
+      HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST   = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'
+      HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT   = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT'
+      HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SSL    = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SSL'
+
+      def body;            get_header(RACK_INPUT)                         end
+      def script_name;     get_header(SCRIPT_NAME).to_s                   end
+      def script_name=(s); set_header(SCRIPT_NAME, s.to_s)                end
+
+      def path_info;       get_header(PATH_INFO).to_s                     end
+      def path_info=(s);   set_header(PATH_INFO, s.to_s)                  end
+
+      def request_method;  get_header(REQUEST_METHOD)                     end
+      def query_string;    get_header(QUERY_STRING).to_s                  end
+      def content_length;  get_header('CONTENT_LENGTH')                   end
+      def logger;          get_header(RACK_LOGGER)                        end
+      def user_agent;      get_header('HTTP_USER_AGENT')                  end
+      def multithread?;    get_header(RACK_MULTITHREAD)                   end
+
+      # the referer of the client
+      def referer;         get_header('HTTP_REFERER')                     end
+      alias referrer referer
+
+      def session
+        fetch_header(RACK_SESSION) do |k|
+          set_header RACK_SESSION, default_session
+        end
+      end
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type PATCH
-    def patch?;   request_method == "PATCH"   end
+      def session_options
+        fetch_header(RACK_SESSION_OPTIONS) do |k|
+          set_header RACK_SESSION_OPTIONS, {}
+        end
+      end
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type POST
-    def post?;    request_method == "POST"    end
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type DELETE
+      def delete?;  request_method == DELETE  end
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type PUT
-    def put?;     request_method == "PUT"     end
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type GET
+      def get?;     request_method == GET     end
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type TRACE
-    def trace?;   request_method == "TRACE"   end
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type HEAD
+      def head?;    request_method == HEAD    end
 
-    # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type UNLINK
-    def unlink?;  request_method == "UNLINK"  end
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type OPTIONS
+      def options?; request_method == OPTIONS end
 
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type LINK
+      def link?;    request_method == LINK    end
 
-    # The set of form-data media-types. Requests that do not indicate
-    # one of the media types presents in this list will not be eligible
-    # for form-data / param parsing.
-    FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES = [
-      'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-      'multipart/form-data'
-    ]
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type PATCH
+      def patch?;   request_method == PATCH   end
 
-    # The set of media-types. Requests that do not indicate
-    # one of the media types presents in this list will not be eligible
-    # for param parsing like soap attachments or generic multiparts
-    PARSEABLE_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES = [
-      'multipart/related',
-      'multipart/mixed'
-    ]
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type POST
+      def post?;    request_method == POST    end
 
-    # Default ports depending on scheme. Used to decide whether or not
-    # to include the port in a generated URI.
-    DEFAULT_PORTS = { 'http' => 80, 'https' => 443, 'coffee' => 80 }
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type PUT
+      def put?;     request_method == PUT     end
 
-    # Determine whether the request body contains form-data by checking
-    # the request Content-Type for one of the media-types:
-    # "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" or "multipart/form-data". The
-    # list of form-data media types can be modified through the
-    # +FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES+ array.
-    #
-    # A request body is also assumed to contain form-data when no
-    # Content-Type header is provided and the request_method is POST.
-    def form_data?
-      type = media_type
-      meth = env["rack.methodoverride.original_method"] || env[REQUEST_METHOD]
-      (meth == 'POST' && type.nil?) || FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES.include?(type)
-    end
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type TRACE
+      def trace?;   request_method == TRACE   end
 
-    # Determine whether the request body contains data by checking
-    # the request media_type against registered parse-data media-types
-    def parseable_data?
-      PARSEABLE_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES.include?(media_type)
-    end
+      # Checks the HTTP request method (or verb) to see if it was of type UNLINK
+      def unlink?;  request_method == UNLINK  end
 
-    # Returns the data received in the query string.
-    def GET
-      if @env["rack.request.query_string"] == query_string
-        @env["rack.request.query_hash"]
-      else
-        p = parse_query({ :query => query_string, :separator => '&;' })
-        @env["rack.request.query_string"] = query_string
-        @env["rack.request.query_hash"]   = p
+      def scheme
+        if get_header(HTTPS) == 'on'
+          'https'
+        elsif get_header(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SSL) == 'on'
+          'https'
+        elsif forwarded_scheme
+          forwarded_scheme
+        else
+          get_header(RACK_URL_SCHEME)
+        end
       end
-    end
 
-    # Returns the data received in the request body.
-    #
-    # This method support both application/x-www-form-urlencoded and
-    # multipart/form-data.
-    def POST
-      if @env["rack.input"].nil?
-        raise "Missing rack.input"
-      elsif @env["rack.request.form_input"].equal? @env["rack.input"]
-        @env["rack.request.form_hash"]
-      elsif form_data? || parseable_data?
-        unless @env["rack.request.form_hash"] = parse_multipart(env)
-          form_vars = @env["rack.input"].read
-
-          # Fix for Safari Ajax postings that always append \0
-          # form_vars.sub!(/\0\z/, '') # performance replacement:
-          form_vars.slice!(-1) if form_vars[-1] == ?\0
-
-          @env["rack.request.form_vars"] = form_vars
-          @env["rack.request.form_hash"] = parse_query({ :query => form_vars, :separator => '&' })
-
-          @env["rack.input"].rewind
+      def authority
+        get_header(SERVER_NAME) + ':' + get_header(SERVER_PORT)
+      end
+
+      def cookies
+        hash = fetch_header(RACK_REQUEST_COOKIE_HASH) do |k|
+          set_header(k, {})
         end
-        @env["rack.request.form_input"] = @env["rack.input"]
-        @env["rack.request.form_hash"]
-      else
-        {}
+        string = get_header HTTP_COOKIE
+
+        return hash if string == get_header(RACK_REQUEST_COOKIE_STRING)
+        hash.replace Utils.parse_cookies_header string
+        set_header(RACK_REQUEST_COOKIE_STRING, string)
+        hash
       end
-    end
 
-    # The union of GET and POST data.
-    #
-    # Note that modifications will not be persisted in the env. Use update_param or delete_param if you want to destructively modify params.
-    def params
-      @params ||= self.GET.merge(self.POST)
-    rescue EOFError
-      self.GET.dup
-    end
+      def content_type
+        content_type = get_header('CONTENT_TYPE')
+        content_type.nil? || content_type.empty? ? nil : content_type
+      end
 
-    # Destructively update a parameter, whether it's in GET and/or POST. Returns nil.
-    #
-    # The parameter is updated wherever it was previous defined, so GET, POST, or both. If it wasn't previously defined, it's inserted into GET.
-    #
-    # env['rack.input'] is not touched.
-    def update_param(k, v)
-      found = false
-      if self.GET.has_key?(k)
-        found = true
-        self.GET[k] = v
+      def xhr?
+        get_header("HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH") == "XMLHttpRequest"
       end
-      if self.POST.has_key?(k)
-        found = true
-        self.POST[k] = v
+
+      def host_with_port
+        if forwarded = get_header(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST)
+          forwarded.split(/,\s?/).last
+        else
+          get_header(HTTP_HOST) || "#{get_header(SERVER_NAME) || get_header(SERVER_ADDR)}:#{get_header(SERVER_PORT)}"
+        end
       end
-      unless found
-        self.GET[k] = v
+
+      def host
+        # Remove port number.
+        h = host_with_port
+        if colon_index = h.index(":")
+          h[0, colon_index]
+        else
+          h
+        end
       end
-      @params = nil
-      nil
-    end
 
-    # Destructively delete a parameter, whether it's in GET or POST. Returns the value of the deleted parameter.
-    #
-    # If the parameter is in both GET and POST, the POST value takes precedence since that's how #params works.
-    #
-    # env['rack.input'] is not touched.
-    def delete_param(k)
-      v = [ self.POST.delete(k), self.GET.delete(k) ].compact.first
-      @params = nil
-      v
-    end
+      def port
+        if port = extract_port(host_with_port)
+          port.to_i
+        elsif port = get_header(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PORT)
+          port.to_i
+        elsif has_header?(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST)
+          DEFAULT_PORTS[scheme]
+        elsif has_header?(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO)
+          DEFAULT_PORTS[extract_proto_header(get_header(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO))]
+        else
+          get_header(SERVER_PORT).to_i
+        end
+      end
 
-    # shortcut for request.params[key]
-    def [](key)
-      params[key.to_s]
-    end
+      def ssl?
+        scheme == 'https'
+      end
 
-    # shortcut for request.params[key] = value
-    #
-    # Note that modifications will not be persisted in the env. Use update_param or delete_param if you want to destructively modify params.
-    def []=(key, value)
-      params[key.to_s] = value
-    end
+      def ip
+        remote_addrs = split_ip_addresses(get_header('REMOTE_ADDR'))
+        remote_addrs = reject_trusted_ip_addresses(remote_addrs)
 
-    # like Hash#values_at
-    def values_at(*keys)
-      keys.map{|key| params[key] }
-    end
+        return remote_addrs.first if remote_addrs.any?
 
-    # the referer of the client
-    def referer
-      @env['HTTP_REFERER']
-    end
-    alias referrer referer
+        forwarded_ips = split_ip_addresses(get_header('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'))
+          .map { |ip| strip_port(ip) }
 
-    def user_agent
-      @env['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
-    end
+        return reject_trusted_ip_addresses(forwarded_ips).last || forwarded_ips.first || get_header("REMOTE_ADDR")
+      end
 
-    def cookies
-      hash   = @env["rack.request.cookie_hash"] ||= {}
-      string = @env["HTTP_COOKIE"]
-
-      return hash if string == @env["rack.request.cookie_string"]
-      hash.clear
-
-      # According to RFC 2109:
-      #   If multiple cookies satisfy the criteria above, they are ordered in
-      #   the Cookie header such that those with more specific Path attributes
-      #   precede those with less specific.  Ordering with respect to other
-      #   attributes (e.g., Domain) is unspecified.
-      cookies = Utils.parse_query(string, ';,') { |s| Rack::Utils.unescape(s) rescue s }
-      cookies.each { |k,v| hash[k] = Array === v ? v.first : v }
-      @env["rack.request.cookie_string"] = string
-      hash
-    end
+      # The media type (type/subtype) portion of the CONTENT_TYPE header
+      # without any media type parameters. e.g., when CONTENT_TYPE is
+      # "text/plain;charset=utf-8", the media-type is "text/plain".
+      #
+      # For more information on the use of media types in HTTP, see:
+      # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html#sec3.7
+      def media_type
+        MediaType.type(content_type)
+      end
 
-    def xhr?
-      @env["HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH"] == "XMLHttpRequest"
-    end
+      # The media type parameters provided in CONTENT_TYPE as a Hash, or
+      # an empty Hash if no CONTENT_TYPE or media-type parameters were
+      # provided.  e.g., when the CONTENT_TYPE is "text/plain;charset=utf-8",
+      # this method responds with the following Hash:
+      #   { 'charset' => 'utf-8' }
+      def media_type_params
+        MediaType.params(content_type)
+      end
 
-    def base_url
-      url = "#{scheme}://#{host}"
-      url << ":#{port}" if port != DEFAULT_PORTS[scheme]
-      url
-    end
+      # The character set of the request body if a "charset" media type
+      # parameter was given, or nil if no "charset" was specified. Note
+      # that, per RFC2616, text/* media types that specify no explicit
+      # charset are to be considered ISO-8859-1.
+      def content_charset
+        media_type_params['charset']
+      end
 
-    # Tries to return a remake of the original request URL as a string.
-    def url
-      base_url + fullpath
-    end
+      # Determine whether the request body contains form-data by checking
+      # the request Content-Type for one of the media-types:
+      # "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" or "multipart/form-data". The
+      # list of form-data media types can be modified through the
+      # +FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES+ array.
+      #
+      # A request body is also assumed to contain form-data when no
+      # Content-Type header is provided and the request_method is POST.
+      def form_data?
+        type = media_type
+        meth = get_header(RACK_METHODOVERRIDE_ORIGINAL_METHOD) || get_header(REQUEST_METHOD)
+        (meth == POST && type.nil?) || FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES.include?(type)
+      end
 
-    def path
-      script_name + path_info
-    end
+      # Determine whether the request body contains data by checking
+      # the request media_type against registered parse-data media-types
+      def parseable_data?
+        PARSEABLE_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES.include?(media_type)
+      end
 
-    def fullpath
-      query_string.empty? ? path : "#{path}?#{query_string}"
-    end
+      # Returns the data received in the query string.
+      def GET
+        if get_header(RACK_REQUEST_QUERY_STRING) == query_string
+          get_header(RACK_REQUEST_QUERY_HASH)
+        else
+          query_hash = parse_query(query_string, '&;')
+          set_header(RACK_REQUEST_QUERY_STRING, query_string)
+          set_header(RACK_REQUEST_QUERY_HASH, query_hash)
+        end
+      end
 
-    def accept_encoding
-      parse_http_accept_header(@env["HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING"])
-    end
+      # Returns the data received in the request body.
+      #
+      # This method support both application/x-www-form-urlencoded and
+      # multipart/form-data.
+      def POST
+        if get_header(RACK_INPUT).nil?
+          raise "Missing rack.input"
+        elsif get_header(RACK_REQUEST_FORM_INPUT) == get_header(RACK_INPUT)
+          get_header(RACK_REQUEST_FORM_HASH)
+        elsif form_data? || parseable_data?
+          unless set_header(RACK_REQUEST_FORM_HASH, parse_multipart)
+            form_vars = get_header(RACK_INPUT).read
+
+            # Fix for Safari Ajax postings that always append \0
+            # form_vars.sub!(/\0\z/, '') # performance replacement:
+            form_vars.slice!(-1) if form_vars.end_with?("\0")
+
+            set_header RACK_REQUEST_FORM_VARS, form_vars
+            set_header RACK_REQUEST_FORM_HASH, parse_query(form_vars, '&')
+
+            get_header(RACK_INPUT).rewind
+          end
+          set_header RACK_REQUEST_FORM_INPUT, get_header(RACK_INPUT)
+          get_header RACK_REQUEST_FORM_HASH
+        else
+          {}
+        end
+      end
 
-    def accept_language
-      parse_http_accept_header(@env["HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE"])
-    end
+      # The union of GET and POST data.
+      #
+      # Note that modifications will not be persisted in the env. Use update_param or delete_param if you want to destructively modify params.
+      def params
+        self.GET.merge(self.POST)
+      rescue EOFError
+        self.GET.dup
+      end
 
-    def trusted_proxy?(ip)
-      ip =~ /\A127\.0\.0\.1\Z|\A(10|172\.(1[6-9]|2[0-9]|30|31)|192\.168)\.|\A::1\Z|\Afd[0-9a-f]{2}:.+|\Alocalhost\Z|\Aunix\Z|\Aunix:/i
-    end
+      # Destructively update a parameter, whether it's in GET and/or POST. Returns nil.
+      #
+      # The parameter is updated wherever it was previous defined, so GET, POST, or both. If it wasn't previously defined, it's inserted into GET.
+      #
+      # <tt>env['rack.input']</tt> is not touched.
+      def update_param(k, v)
+        found = false
+        if self.GET.has_key?(k)
+          found = true
+          self.GET[k] = v
+        end
+        if self.POST.has_key?(k)
+          found = true
+          self.POST[k] = v
+        end
+        unless found
+          self.GET[k] = v
+        end
+      end
 
-    def ip
-      remote_addrs = split_ip_addresses(@env['REMOTE_ADDR'])
-      remote_addrs = reject_trusted_ip_addresses(remote_addrs)
+      # Destructively delete a parameter, whether it's in GET or POST. Returns the value of the deleted parameter.
+      #
+      # If the parameter is in both GET and POST, the POST value takes precedence since that's how #params works.
+      #
+      # <tt>env['rack.input']</tt> is not touched.
+      def delete_param(k)
+        post_value, get_value = self.POST.delete(k), self.GET.delete(k)
+        post_value || get_value
+      end
 
-      return remote_addrs.first if remote_addrs.any?
+      def base_url
+        url = "#{scheme}://#{host}"
+        url = "#{url}:#{port}" if port != DEFAULT_PORTS[scheme]
+        url
+      end
 
-      forwarded_ips = split_ip_addresses(@env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])
+      # Tries to return a remake of the original request URL as a string.
+      def url
+        base_url + fullpath
+      end
 
-      return reject_trusted_ip_addresses(forwarded_ips).last || @env["REMOTE_ADDR"]
-    end
+      def path
+        script_name + path_info
+      end
 
-    protected
-      def split_ip_addresses(ip_addresses)
-        ip_addresses ? ip_addresses.strip.split(/[,\s]+/) : []
+      def fullpath
+        query_string.empty? ? path : "#{path}?#{query_string}"
       end
 
-      def reject_trusted_ip_addresses(ip_addresses)
-        ip_addresses.reject { |ip| trusted_proxy?(ip) }
+      def accept_encoding
+        parse_http_accept_header(get_header("HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING"))
+      end
+
+      def accept_language
+        parse_http_accept_header(get_header("HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE"))
+      end
+
+      def trusted_proxy?(ip)
+        Rack::Request.ip_filter.call(ip)
+      end
+
+      # shortcut for <tt>request.params[key]</tt>
+      def [](key)
+        if $VERBOSE
+          warn("Request#[] is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Rack. Please use request.params[] instead")
+        end
+
+        params[key.to_s]
       end
 
-      def parse_query(qs)
-        d = '&'
-        qs, d = qs[:query], qs[:separator] if Hash === qs
-        Utils.parse_nested_query(qs, d)
+      # shortcut for <tt>request.params[key] = value</tt>
+      #
+      # Note that modifications will not be persisted in the env. Use update_param or delete_param if you want to destructively modify params.
+      def []=(key, value)
+        if $VERBOSE
+          warn("Request#[]= is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Rack. Please use request.params[]= instead")
+        end
+
+        params[key.to_s] = value
       end
 
-      def parse_multipart(env)
-        Rack::Multipart.parse_multipart(env)
+      # like Hash#values_at
+      def values_at(*keys)
+        keys.map { |key| params[key] }
       end
 
+      private
+
+      def default_session; {}; end
+
       def parse_http_accept_header(header)
         header.to_s.split(/\s*,\s*/).map do |part|
           attribute, parameters = part.split(/\s*;\s*/, 2)
@@ -386,26 +482,72 @@ module Rack
         end
       end
 
-  private
-    def strip_doublequotes(s)
-      if s[0] == ?" && s[-1] == ?"
-        s[1..-2]
-      else
-        s
+      def query_parser
+        Utils.default_query_parser
       end
-    end
 
-    def forwarded_scheme
-      scheme_headers = [
-        @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME'],
-        @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'].to_s.split(',')[0]
-      ]
+      def parse_query(qs, d = '&')
+        query_parser.parse_nested_query(qs, d)
+      end
+
+      def parse_multipart
+        Rack::Multipart.extract_multipart(self, query_parser)
+      end
+
+      def split_ip_addresses(ip_addresses)
+        ip_addresses ? ip_addresses.strip.split(/[,\s]+/) : []
+      end
+
+      def strip_port(ip_address)
+        # IPv6 format with optional port: "[2001:db8:cafe::17]:47011"
+        # returns: "2001:db8:cafe::17"
+        sep_start = ip_address.index('[')
+        sep_end = ip_address.index(']')
+        if (sep_start && sep_end)
+          return ip_address[sep_start + 1, sep_end - 1]
+        end
 
-      scheme_headers.each do |header|
-        return header if SCHEME_WHITELIST.include?(header)
+        # IPv4 format with optional port: "192.0.2.43:47011"
+        # returns: "192.0.2.43"
+        sep = ip_address.index(':')
+        if (sep && ip_address.count(':') == 1)
+          return ip_address[0, sep]
+        end
+
+        ip_address
       end
 
-      nil
+      def reject_trusted_ip_addresses(ip_addresses)
+        ip_addresses.reject { |ip| trusted_proxy?(ip) }
+      end
+
+      def forwarded_scheme
+        allowed_scheme(get_header(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME)) ||
+        allowed_scheme(extract_proto_header(get_header(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO)))
+      end
+
+      def allowed_scheme(header)
+        header if ALLOWED_SCHEMES.include?(header)
+      end
+
+      def extract_proto_header(header)
+        if header
+          if (comma_index = header.index(','))
+            header[0, comma_index]
+          else
+            header
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def extract_port(uri)
+        if (colon_index = uri.index(':'))
+          uri[colon_index + 1, uri.length]
+        end
+      end
     end
+
+    include Env
+    include Helpers
   end
 end