rack-push-notification 0.2.0 → 0.4.0

data/lib/rack/push-notification/admin.rb

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-require 'coffee-script'
-require 'eco'
-require 'sass'
-require 'compass'
-require 'bootstrap-sass'
-require 'sprockets'
-require 'sprockets-sass'
-require 'houston'
-
-module Rack
-  class PushNotification::Admin < Sinatra::Base
-    use Rack::Static, urls: ['/images'], root: ::File.join(root, "assets")
-    use Rack::PostBodyContentTypeParser
-
-    helpers Sinatra::Param
-
-    set :root, ::File.dirname(__FILE__)
-    set :views, Proc.new { ::File.join(root, "assets/views") }
-    
-    set :assets, Sprockets::Environment.new(::File.join(settings.root, "assets"))
-    settings.assets.append_path "javascripts"
-    settings.assets.append_path "stylesheets"
-
-    def initialize(app = nil, options = {})
-      super(app)
-
-      self.class.set :apn_certificate, options.delete(:certificate)
-      self.class.set :apn_environment, options.delete(:environment)
-    end
-
-    before do
-      content_type :json
-    end
-
-    get '/devices/?' do
-      param :q, String
-
-      devices = ::Rack::PushNotification::Device.dataset
-      devices = devices.filter("tsv @@ to_tsquery('english', ?)", "#{params[:q]}:*") if params[:q] and not params[:q].empty?
-
-      if params[:page] or params[:per_page]
-        param :page, Integer, default: 1, min: 1
-        param :per_page, Integer, default: 100, in: (1..100)
-
-        {
-          devices: devices.limit(params[:per_page], (params[:page] - 1) * params[:per_page]),
-          page: params[:page],
-          total: klass.count
-        }.to_json
-      else
-        param :limit, Integer, default: 100, in: (1..100)
-        param :offset, Integer, default: 0, min: 0
-
-        {
-          devices: devices.limit(params[:limit], params[:offset])
-        }.to_json
-      end
-    end
-
-    get '/devices/:token/?' do
-      record = ::Rack::PushNotification::Device.find(token: params[:token])
-
-      if record
-        {device: record}.to_json
-      else
-        status 404
-      end
-    end
-
-    head '/message' do
-      status 503 and return unless client
-
-      status 204
-    end
-
-    post '/message' do
-      status 503 and return unless client
-
-      param :payload, String, empty: false
-      param :tokens, Array, empty: false
-
-      tokens = params[:tokens] || ::Rack::PushNotification::Device.all.collect(&:token)
-
-      options = JSON.parse(params[:payload])
-      options[:alert] = options["aps"]["alert"]
-      options[:badge] = options["aps"]["badge"]
-      options[:sound] = options["aps"]["sound"]
-      options.delete("aps")
-
-      begin
-        notifications = tokens.collect{|token| Houston::Notification.new(options.update({device: token}))}
-        client.push(*notifications)
-
-        status 204
-      rescue => error
-        status 500
-
-        {error: error}.to_json
-      end
-    end
-
-    get "/javascripts/:file.js" do
-      content_type "application/javascript"
-
-      settings.assets["#{params[:file]}.js"]
-    end
-
-    get "/stylesheets/:file.css" do
-      content_type "text/css"
-
-      settings.assets["#{params[:file]}.css"]
-    end
-
-    get '*' do
-      content_type :html
-
-      haml :index
-    end
-
-    private
-
-    def client
-      begin
-        return nil unless settings.apn_certificate and ::File.exist?(settings.apn_certificate)
-        
-        client = case settings.apn_environment.to_sym
-                  when :development 
-                    Houston::Client.development
-                  when :production
-                    Houston::Client.production
-                  end
-        client.certificate = ::File.read(settings.apn_certificate)
-        
-        return client
-      rescue
-        return nil
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/application.coffee

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-#= require ./vendor/date
-#= require ./vendor/jquery
-#= require ./vendor/underscore
-#= require ./vendor/backbone
-#= require ./vendor/backbone.paginator
-#= require ./vendor/codemirror
-#= require ./vendor/codemirror.javascript
-
-#= require ./rpn
-#= require_tree ./models
-#= require_tree ./collections
-#= require_tree ./templates
-#= require_tree ./views
-#= require_tree ./routers
-
-$ ->
-  $('a').live 'click', (event) ->
-    href = $(this).attr('href')
-    event.preventDefault()
-    window.app.navigate(href, {trigger: true})
-
-  $('.iphone .slider input').live 'change', (event) ->
-    $(this).siblings("span").css(opacity: (100 - $(this).val()) / 100.0)
-  $('.alert button.close').live 'click', (event) ->
-    $(this).parents(".alert").remove()
-
-  RPN.devices = new RPN.Collections.Devices
-  RPN.devices.fetch(success: RPN.initialize)

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/collections/devices.coffee

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-class RPN.Collections.Devices extends Backbone.Paginator.requestPager
-  model: RPN.Models.Device
-
-  paginator_core:
-    type: 'GET'
-    dataType: 'json'
-    url: '/devices?'
-
-  paginator_ui:
-    firstPage: 1,
-    currentPage: 1,
-    perPage: 20
-
-  server_api:
-    'q': -> 
-      @query || ""
-    'limit': ->
-      @perPage
-    'offset': ->
-      (@currentPage - 1) * @perPage
-
-  parse: (response) ->
-    @total = response.total
-    @totalPages = Math.ceil(@total / @perPage)
-    console.log(response)
-    response.devices
-
-  comparator: (database) ->
-    database.get('token')

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/models/device.coffee

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-class RPN.Models.Device extends Backbone.Model
-  idAttribute: "token"

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/routers/root.coffee

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-class RPN.Routers.Root extends Backbone.Router
-  el:
-    "div[role='container']"
-
-  initialize: (options) ->
-    @views = {}
-    super
-
-  routes:
-    '':         'index'
-    'compose':  'compose'
-    'compose/': 'compose'
-
-  index: ->
-    @_activateNavbarLink("devices")
-
-    RPN.devices.fetch()
-    @views.devices ||= new RPN.Views.Devices(collection: RPN.devices)
-    @views.devices.render()
-
-  compose: ->
-    @_activateNavbarLink("compose")
-
-    @views.compose ||= new RPN.Views.Compose()
-    @views.compose.render()
-
-  _activateNavbarLink: (className) ->
-    $li = $("header nav li")
-    $li.removeClass("active")
-    $li.filter("." + className).addClass("active")

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/rpn.coffee

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-window.RPN =
-  Collections: {}
-  Models: {}
-  Routers: {}
-  Views: {}
-
-  initialize: ->
-    @devices = new RPN.Collections.Devices
-    @devicesView = new RPN.Views.Devices({collection: @devices})
-
-    window.app = new RPN.Routers.Root
-
-    Backbone.history.start({pushState: true, hashChange: false})
-

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/templates/_devices.jst.eco

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-<caption>
-  <span>Showing <%= @devices.length %> of <%= @devices.total %> devices</span>
-</caption>
-<% if @devices.length > 0: %>
-  <thead>
-    <th>Token</th>
-    <th>Alias</th>
-    <th>Badge</th>
-    <th>Locale</th>
-    <th>Time Zone</th>
-  </thead>
-  <tbody>
-    <% for device in @devices.models: %>
-      <tr>
-        <td><%= device.get("token") %></td>
-        <td><%= device.get("alias") or "None" %></td>
-        <td><%= device.get("badge") %></td>
-        <td><%= device.get("locale") %></td>
-        <td><%= device.get("timezone") %></td>
-      </tr>
-    <% end %>
-  </tbody>
-<% end %>

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/templates/_preview.jst.eco

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-<header>
-  <figure class="status">
-    <span class="signal">▁</span>
-    <span class="carrier">Carrier</span>
-    <span class="battery">100%</span>
-  </figure>
-
-  <time>
-    <span class="time">9:04</span>
-    <span class="date">Thursday, November 29</span>
-  </time>
-</header>
-
-<figure class="notification">
-  <h1>App Name</h1>
-  <p></p>
-</figure>
-
-<footer>
-  <figure class="slider">
-    <input type="range" value="0"></input>
-    <span>slide to view</span>
-  </figure>
-</footer>

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/templates/compose.jst.eco

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-<header>
-  <h1>Compose <small>Send a Push Notification</small></h1>
-</header>
-
-<figure class="iphone preview">
-</figure>
-
-<form id="compose">
-  <fieldset id="recipients">
-    <legend>Recipients</legend>
-
-    <ol>
-      <li>
-        <input type="radio" name="recipients" value="all" id="recipients[all]"/>
-        <label for="recipients[all]">All Devices</label>
-      </li>
-      <li>
-        <input type="radio" name="recipients" value="specified" id="recipients[specified]"/>
-        <label for="recipients[specified]">Specified Devices</label>
-        <textarea id="tokens" name="tokens" rows="3", cols="50"></textarea>
-      </li>
-    </ol>
-  </fieldset>
-
-  <fieldset class="message">
-    <legend>Payload</legend>
-
-    <div class="span7">
-      <textarea id="payload" name="payload" rows="4" cols="50">
-  {
-    "aps": {
-      "alert": "Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet.",
-      "badge": 0
-    }
-  }</textarea>
-
-      <div class="alert">
-        <strong></strong> : <span></span>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </fieldset>
-
-  <hr/>
-
-  <button id="send" type="button">Send Push Notification</button>
-</form>

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/templates/devices.jst.eco

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-<header>
-  <h1>Devices <small>See Registered Tokens</small></h1>
-</header>
-
-<form class="filter">
-  <input type="text" placeholder="Filter Devices..." value="<%= @devices.query %>"/>
-</form>
-
-<table></table>
-
-<div class="pagination"></div>
-

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/templates/pagination.jst.eco

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-<% if @devices.totalPages > 1: %>
-  <ul>
-    <li class="<%= 'disabled' if @devices.currentPage == @devices.firstPage %>"><a class="previous" href="#">Prev</a></li>
-    <% padding = 5 %>
-    <% lower = _.max([@devices.firstPage, @devices.currentPage - padding]) %>
-    <% upper = _.min([@devices.totalPages, @devices.currentPage + padding]) %>
-    <% for page in [lower..upper]: %>
-      <li class="<%= 'active' if page == @devices.currentPage %>"><a class="page" href="#"><%= page %></a></li>
-    <% end %>
-    <li class="<%= 'disabled' if @devices.currentPage == @devices.totalPages %>"><a class="next" href="#">Next</a></li>
-  </ul>
-<% end %>

data/lib/rack/push-notification/assets/javascripts/vendor/backbone.js

@@ -1,1431 +0,0 @@
-//     Backbone.js 0.9.2
-
-//     (c) 2010-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
-//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
-//     For all details and documentation:
-//     http://backbonejs.org
-
-(function(){
-
-  // Initial Setup
-  // -------------
-
-  // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `global`
-  // on the server).
-  var root = this;
-
-  // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
-  // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
-  var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
-
-  // Create a local reference to slice/splice.
-  var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
-  var splice = Array.prototype.splice;
-
-  // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will
-  // be attached to this. Exported for both CommonJS and the browser.
-  var Backbone;
-  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
-    Backbone = exports;
-  } else {
-    Backbone = root.Backbone = {};
-  }
-
-  // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
-  Backbone.VERSION = '0.9.2';
-
-  // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present.
-  var _ = root._;
-  if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore');
-
-  // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, or Ender owns the `$` variable.
-  var $ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender;
-
-  // Set the JavaScript library that will be used for DOM manipulation and
-  // Ajax calls (a.k.a. the `$` variable). By default Backbone will use: jQuery,
-  // Zepto, or Ender; but the `setDomLibrary()` method lets you inject an
-  // alternate JavaScript library (or a mock library for testing your views
-  // outside of a browser).
-  Backbone.setDomLibrary = function(lib) {
-    $ = lib;
-  };
-
-  // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
-  // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
-  Backbone.noConflict = function() {
-    root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
-  // will fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
-  // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
-  Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
-
-  // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
-  // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
-  // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
-  // form param named `model`.
-  Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
-
-  // Backbone.Events
-  // -----------------
-
-  // Regular expression used to split event strings
-  var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
-
-  // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
-  // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback functions
-  // to an event; trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in succession.
-  //
-  //     var object = {};
-  //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
-  //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
-  //     object.trigger('expand');
-  //
-  var Events = Backbone.Events = {
-
-    // Bind one or more space separated events, `events`, to a `callback`
-    // function. Passing `"all"` will bind the callback to all events fired.
-    on: function(events, callback, context) {
-
-      var calls, event, node, tail, list;
-      if (!callback) return this;
-      events = events.split(eventSplitter);
-      calls = this._callbacks || (this._callbacks = {});
-
-      // Create an immutable callback list, allowing traversal during
-      // modification.  The tail is an empty object that will always be used
-      // as the next node.
-      while (event = events.shift()) {
-        list = calls[event];
-        node = list ? list.tail : {};
-        node.next = tail = {};
-        node.context = context;
-        node.callback = callback;
-        calls[event] = {tail: tail, next: list ? list.next : node};
-      }
-
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all callbacks
-    // with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all callbacks for the
-    // event. If `events` is null, removes all bound callbacks for all events.
-    off: function(events, callback, context) {
-      var event, calls, node, tail, cb, ctx;
-
-      // No events, or removing *all* events.
-      if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return;
-      if (!(events || callback || context)) {
-        delete this._callbacks;
-        return this;
-      }
-
-      // Loop through the listed events and contexts, splicing them out of the
-      // linked list of callbacks if appropriate.
-      events = events ? events.split(eventSplitter) : _.keys(calls);
-      while (event = events.shift()) {
-        node = calls[event];
-        delete calls[event];
-        if (!node || !(callback || context)) continue;
-        // Create a new list, omitting the indicated callbacks.
-        tail = node.tail;
-        while ((node = node.next) !== tail) {
-          cb = node.callback;
-          ctx = node.context;
-          if ((callback && cb !== callback) || (context && ctx !== context)) {
-            this.on(event, cb, ctx);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
-    // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
-    // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
-    // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
-    trigger: function(events) {
-      var event, node, calls, tail, args, all, rest;
-      if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return this;
-      all = calls.all;
-      events = events.split(eventSplitter);
-      rest = slice.call(arguments, 1);
-
-      // For each event, walk through the linked list of callbacks twice,
-      // first to trigger the event, then to trigger any `"all"` callbacks.
-      while (event = events.shift()) {
-        if (node = calls[event]) {
-          tail = node.tail;
-          while ((node = node.next) !== tail) {
-            node.callback.apply(node.context || this, rest);
-          }
-        }
-        if (node = all) {
-          tail = node.tail;
-          args = [event].concat(rest);
-          while ((node = node.next) !== tail) {
-            node.callback.apply(node.context || this, args);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      return this;
-    }
-
-  };
-
-  // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
-  Events.bind   = Events.on;
-  Events.unbind = Events.off;
-
-  // Backbone.Model
-  // --------------
-
-  // Create a new model, with defined attributes. A client id (`cid`)
-  // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
-  var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
-    var defaults;
-    attributes || (attributes = {});
-    if (options && options.parse) attributes = this.parse(attributes);
-    if (defaults = getValue(this, 'defaults')) {
-      attributes = _.extend({}, defaults, attributes);
-    }
-    if (options && options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
-    this.attributes = {};
-    this._escapedAttributes = {};
-    this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
-    this.changed = {};
-    this._silent = {};
-    this._pending = {};
-    this.set(attributes, {silent: true});
-    // Reset change tracking.
-    this.changed = {};
-    this._silent = {};
-    this._pending = {};
-    this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
-    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
-  };
-
-  // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
-  _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
-
-    // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
-    changed: null,
-
-    // A hash of attributes that have silently changed since the last time
-    // `change` was called.  Will become pending attributes on the next call.
-    _silent: null,
-
-    // A hash of attributes that have changed since the last `'change'` event
-    // began.
-    _pending: null,
-
-    // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
-    // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
-    idAttribute: 'id',
-
-    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-    // initialization logic.
-    initialize: function(){},
-
-    // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
-    toJSON: function(options) {
-      return _.clone(this.attributes);
-    },
-
-    // Get the value of an attribute.
-    get: function(attr) {
-      return this.attributes[attr];
-    },
-
-    // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
-    escape: function(attr) {
-      var html;
-      if (html = this._escapedAttributes[attr]) return html;
-      var val = this.get(attr);
-      return this._escapedAttributes[attr] = _.escape(val == null ? '' : '' + val);
-    },
-
-    // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
-    // or undefined.
-    has: function(attr) {
-      return this.get(attr) != null;
-    },
-
-    // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"` unless
-    // you choose to silence it.
-    set: function(key, value, options) {
-      var attrs, attr, val;
-
-      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
-      if (_.isObject(key) || key == null) {
-        attrs = key;
-        options = value;
-      } else {
-        attrs = {};
-        attrs[key] = value;
-      }
-
-      // Extract attributes and options.
-      options || (options = {});
-      if (!attrs) return this;
-      if (attrs instanceof Model) attrs = attrs.attributes;
-      if (options.unset) for (attr in attrs) attrs[attr] = void 0;
-
-      // Run validation.
-      if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
-
-      // Check for changes of `id`.
-      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
-
-      var changes = options.changes = {};
-      var now = this.attributes;
-      var escaped = this._escapedAttributes;
-      var prev = this._previousAttributes || {};
-
-      // For each `set` attribute...
-      for (attr in attrs) {
-        val = attrs[attr];
-
-        // If the new and current value differ, record the change.
-        if (!_.isEqual(now[attr], val) || (options.unset && _.has(now, attr))) {
-          delete escaped[attr];
-          (options.silent ? this._silent : changes)[attr] = true;
-        }
-
-        // Update or delete the current value.
-        options.unset ? delete now[attr] : now[attr] = val;
-
-        // If the new and previous value differ, record the change.  If not,
-        // then remove changes for this attribute.
-        if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val) || (_.has(now, attr) != _.has(prev, attr))) {
-          this.changed[attr] = val;
-          if (!options.silent) this._pending[attr] = true;
-        } else {
-          delete this.changed[attr];
-          delete this._pending[attr];
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Fire the `"change"` events.
-      if (!options.silent) this.change(options);
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose
-    // to silence it. `unset` is a noop if the attribute doesn't exist.
-    unset: function(attr, options) {
-      (options || (options = {})).unset = true;
-      return this.set(attr, null, options);
-    },
-
-    // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose
-    // to silence it.
-    clear: function(options) {
-      (options || (options = {})).unset = true;
-      return this.set(_.clone(this.attributes), options);
-    },
-
-    // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
-    // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overriden,
-    // triggering a `"change"` event.
-    fetch: function(options) {
-      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
-      var model = this;
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
-        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false;
-        if (success) success(model, resp);
-      };
-      options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options);
-      return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options);
-    },
-
-    // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
-    // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
-    // state will be `set` again.
-    save: function(key, value, options) {
-      var attrs, current;
-
-      // Handle both `("key", value)` and `({key: value})` -style calls.
-      if (_.isObject(key) || key == null) {
-        attrs = key;
-        options = value;
-      } else {
-        attrs = {};
-        attrs[key] = value;
-      }
-      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
-
-      // If we're "wait"-ing to set changed attributes, validate early.
-      if (options.wait) {
-        if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
-        current = _.clone(this.attributes);
-      }
-
-      // Regular saves `set` attributes before persisting to the server.
-      var silentOptions = _.extend({}, options, {silent: true});
-      if (attrs && !this.set(attrs, options.wait ? silentOptions : options)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
-      // updated with the server-side state.
-      var model = this;
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
-        var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, xhr);
-        if (options.wait) {
-          delete options.wait;
-          serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
-        }
-        if (!model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false;
-        if (success) {
-          success(model, resp);
-        } else {
-          model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
-        }
-      };
-
-      // Finish configuring and sending the Ajax request.
-      options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options);
-      var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : 'update';
-      var xhr = (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, method, this, options);
-      if (options.wait) this.set(current, silentOptions);
-      return xhr;
-    },
-
-    // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
-    // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
-    // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
-    destroy: function(options) {
-      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
-      var model = this;
-      var success = options.success;
-
-      var triggerDestroy = function() {
-        model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
-      };
-
-      if (this.isNew()) {
-        triggerDestroy();
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      options.success = function(resp) {
-        if (options.wait) triggerDestroy();
-        if (success) {
-          success(model, resp);
-        } else {
-          model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
-        }
-      };
-
-      options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options);
-      var xhr = (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'delete', this, options);
-      if (!options.wait) triggerDestroy();
-      return xhr;
-    },
-
-    // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
-    // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
-    // that will be called.
-    url: function() {
-      var base = getValue(this, 'urlRoot') || getValue(this.collection, 'url') || urlError();
-      if (this.isNew()) return base;
-      return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) == '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
-    },
-
-    // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
-    // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
-    parse: function(resp, xhr) {
-      return resp;
-    },
-
-    // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
-    clone: function() {
-      return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
-    },
-
-    // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
-    isNew: function() {
-      return this.id == null;
-    },
-
-    // Call this method to manually fire a `"change"` event for this model and
-    // a `"change:attribute"` event for each changed attribute.
-    // Calling this will cause all objects observing the model to update.
-    change: function(options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      var changing = this._changing;
-      this._changing = true;
-
-      // Silent changes become pending changes.
-      for (var attr in this._silent) this._pending[attr] = true;
-
-      // Silent changes are triggered.
-      var changes = _.extend({}, options.changes, this._silent);
-      this._silent = {};
-      for (var attr in changes) {
-        this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, this.get(attr), options);
-      }
-      if (changing) return this;
-
-      // Continue firing `"change"` events while there are pending changes.
-      while (!_.isEmpty(this._pending)) {
-        this._pending = {};
-        this.trigger('change', this, options);
-        // Pending and silent changes still remain.
-        for (var attr in this.changed) {
-          if (this._pending[attr] || this._silent[attr]) continue;
-          delete this.changed[attr];
-        }
-        this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
-      }
-
-      this._changing = false;
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
-    // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
-    hasChanged: function(attr) {
-      if (!arguments.length) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
-      return _.has(this.changed, attr);
-    },
-
-    // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
-    // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
-    // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
-    // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
-    // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
-    // determining if there *would be* a change.
-    changedAttributes: function(diff) {
-      if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
-      var val, changed = false, old = this._previousAttributes;
-      for (var attr in diff) {
-        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
-        (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
-      }
-      return changed;
-    },
-
-    // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
-    // `"change"` event was fired.
-    previous: function(attr) {
-      if (!arguments.length || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
-      return this._previousAttributes[attr];
-    },
-
-    // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
-    // `"change"` event.
-    previousAttributes: function() {
-      return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
-    },
-
-    // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. It's only possible to
-    // get into an *invalid* state if you're using silent changes.
-    isValid: function() {
-      return !this.validate(this.attributes);
-    },
-
-    // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
-    // returning `true` if all is well. If a specific `error` callback has
-    // been passed, call that instead of firing the general `"error"` event.
-    _validate: function(attrs, options) {
-      if (options.silent || !this.validate) return true;
-      attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
-      var error = this.validate(attrs, options);
-      if (!error) return true;
-      if (options && options.error) {
-        options.error(this, error, options);
-      } else {
-        this.trigger('error', this, error, options);
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // Backbone.Collection
-  // -------------------
-
-  // Provides a standard collection class for our sets of models, ordered
-  // or unordered. If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
-  // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
-  var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
-    options || (options = {});
-    if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
-    if (options.comparator) this.comparator = options.comparator;
-    this._reset();
-    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
-    if (models) this.reset(models, {silent: true, parse: options.parse});
-  };
-
-  // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
-  _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
-
-    // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
-    // This should be overridden in most cases.
-    model: Model,
-
-    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-    // initialization logic.
-    initialize: function(){},
-
-    // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
-    // models' attributes.
-    toJSON: function(options) {
-      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
-    },
-
-    // Add a model, or list of models to the set. Pass **silent** to avoid
-    // firing the `add` event for every new model.
-    add: function(models, options) {
-      var i, index, length, model, cid, id, cids = {}, ids = {}, dups = [];
-      options || (options = {});
-      models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models];
-
-      // Begin by turning bare objects into model references, and preventing
-      // invalid models or duplicate models from being added.
-      for (i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) {
-        if (!(model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(models[i], options))) {
-          throw new Error("Can't add an invalid model to a collection");
-        }
-        cid = model.cid;
-        id = model.id;
-        if (cids[cid] || this._byCid[cid] || ((id != null) && (ids[id] || this._byId[id]))) {
-          dups.push(i);
-          continue;
-        }
-        cids[cid] = ids[id] = model;
-      }
-
-      // Remove duplicates.
-      i = dups.length;
-      while (i--) {
-        models.splice(dups[i], 1);
-      }
-
-      // Listen to added models' events, and index models for lookup by
-      // `id` and by `cid`.
-      for (i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) {
-        (model = models[i]).on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
-        this._byCid[model.cid] = model;
-        if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
-      }
-
-      // Insert models into the collection, re-sorting if needed, and triggering
-      // `add` events unless silenced.
-      this.length += length;
-      index = options.at != null ? options.at : this.models.length;
-      splice.apply(this.models, [index, 0].concat(models));
-      if (this.comparator) this.sort({silent: true});
-      if (options.silent) return this;
-      for (i = 0, length = this.models.length; i < length; i++) {
-        if (!cids[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) continue;
-        options.index = i;
-        model.trigger('add', model, this, options);
-      }
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. Pass silent to avoid
-    // firing the `remove` event for every model removed.
-    remove: function(models, options) {
-      var i, l, index, model;
-      options || (options = {});
-      models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models];
-      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
-        model = this.getByCid(models[i]) || this.get(models[i]);
-        if (!model) continue;
-        delete this._byId[model.id];
-        delete this._byCid[model.cid];
-        index = this.indexOf(model);
-        this.models.splice(index, 1);
-        this.length--;
-        if (!options.silent) {
-          options.index = index;
-          model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
-        }
-        this._removeReference(model);
-      }
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Add a model to the end of the collection.
-    push: function(model, options) {
-      model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
-      this.add(model, options);
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
-    pop: function(options) {
-      var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
-      this.remove(model, options);
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
-    unshift: function(model, options) {
-      model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
-      this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
-    shift: function(options) {
-      var model = this.at(0);
-      this.remove(model, options);
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // Get a model from the set by id.
-    get: function(id) {
-      if (id == null) return void 0;
-      return this._byId[id.id != null ? id.id : id];
-    },
-
-    // Get a model from the set by client id.
-    getByCid: function(cid) {
-      return cid && this._byCid[cid.cid || cid];
-    },
-
-    // Get the model at the given index.
-    at: function(index) {
-      return this.models[index];
-    },
-
-    // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of `filter`.
-    where: function(attrs) {
-      if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return [];
-      return this.filter(function(model) {
-        for (var key in attrs) {
-          if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-      });
-    },
-
-    // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
-    // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
-    // is added.
-    sort: function(options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
-      var boundComparator = _.bind(this.comparator, this);
-      if (this.comparator.length == 1) {
-        this.models = this.sortBy(boundComparator);
-      } else {
-        this.models.sort(boundComparator);
-      }
-      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
-    pluck: function(attr) {
-      return _.map(this.models, function(model){ return model.get(attr); });
-    },
-
-    // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
-    // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
-    // any `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
-    reset: function(models, options) {
-      models  || (models = []);
-      options || (options = {});
-      for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) {
-        this._removeReference(this.models[i]);
-      }
-      this._reset();
-      this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
-      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
-    // collection when they arrive. If `add: true` is passed, appends the
-    // models to the collection instead of resetting.
-    fetch: function(options) {
-      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
-      if (options.parse === undefined) options.parse = true;
-      var collection = this;
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) {
-        collection[options.add ? 'add' : 'reset'](collection.parse(resp, xhr), options);
-        if (success) success(collection, resp);
-      };
-      options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, collection, options);
-      return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options);
-    },
-
-    // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
-    // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
-    // wait for the server to agree.
-    create: function(model, options) {
-      var coll = this;
-      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
-      model = this._prepareModel(model, options);
-      if (!model) return false;
-      if (!options.wait) coll.add(model, options);
-      var success = options.success;
-      options.success = function(nextModel, resp, xhr) {
-        if (options.wait) coll.add(nextModel, options);
-        if (success) {
-          success(nextModel, resp);
-        } else {
-          nextModel.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
-        }
-      };
-      model.save(null, options);
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
-    // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
-    parse: function(resp, xhr) {
-      return resp;
-    },
-
-    // Proxy to _'s chain. Can't be proxied the same way the rest of the
-    // underscore methods are proxied because it relies on the underscore
-    // constructor.
-    chain: function () {
-      return _(this.models).chain();
-    },
-
-    // Reset all internal state. Called when the collection is reset.
-    _reset: function(options) {
-      this.length = 0;
-      this.models = [];
-      this._byId  = {};
-      this._byCid = {};
-    },
-
-    // Prepare a model or hash of attributes to be added to this collection.
-    _prepareModel: function(model, options) {
-      options || (options = {});
-      if (!(model instanceof Model)) {
-        var attrs = model;
-        options.collection = this;
-        model = new this.model(attrs, options);
-        if (!model._validate(model.attributes, options)) model = false;
-      } else if (!model.collection) {
-        model.collection = this;
-      }
-      return model;
-    },
-
-    // Internal method to remove a model's ties to a collection.
-    _removeReference: function(model) {
-      if (this == model.collection) {
-        delete model.collection;
-      }
-      model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
-    },
-
-    // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
-    // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
-    // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
-    // in other collections are ignored.
-    _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
-      if ((event == 'add' || event == 'remove') && collection != this) return;
-      if (event == 'destroy') {
-        this.remove(model, options);
-      }
-      if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
-        delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
-        this._byId[model.id] = model;
-      }
-      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
-  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'reduce', 'reduceRight', 'find',
-    'detect', 'filter', 'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any',
-    'include', 'contains', 'invoke', 'max', 'min', 'sortBy', 'sortedIndex',
-    'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'initial', 'rest', 'last', 'without', 'indexOf',
-    'shuffle', 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'groupBy'];
-
-  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
-  _.each(methods, function(method) {
-    Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
-      return _[method].apply(_, [this.models].concat(_.toArray(arguments)));
-    };
-  });
-
-  // Backbone.Router
-  // -------------------
-
-  // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
-  // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
-  var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
-    options || (options = {});
-    if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
-    this._bindRoutes();
-    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
-  };
-
-  // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
-  // parts of route strings.
-  var namedParam    = /:\w+/g;
-  var splatParam    = /\*\w+/g;
-  var escapeRegExp  = /[-[\]{}()+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g;
-
-  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
-  _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
-
-    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-    // initialization logic.
-    initialize: function(){},
-
-    // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
-    //
-    //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
-    //       ...
-    //     });
-    //
-    route: function(route, name, callback) {
-      Backbone.history || (Backbone.history = new History);
-      if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
-      if (!callback) callback = this[name];
-      Backbone.history.route(route, _.bind(function(fragment) {
-        var args = this._extractParameters(route, fragment);
-        callback && callback.apply(this, args);
-        this.trigger.apply(this, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
-        Backbone.history.trigger('route', this, name, args);
-      }, this));
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
-    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
-      Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
-    },
-
-    // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
-    // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
-    // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
-    _bindRoutes: function() {
-      if (!this.routes) return;
-      var routes = [];
-      for (var route in this.routes) {
-        routes.unshift([route, this.routes[route]]);
-      }
-      for (var i = 0, l = routes.length; i < l; i++) {
-        this.route(routes[i][0], routes[i][1], this[routes[i][1]]);
-      }
-    },
-
-    // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
-    // against the current location hash.
-    _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
-      route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
-                   .replace(namedParam, '([^\/]+)')
-                   .replace(splatParam, '(.*?)');
-      return new RegExp('^' + route + '$');
-    },
-
-    // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
-    // extracted parameters.
-    _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
-      return route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // Backbone.History
-  // ----------------
-
-  // Handles cross-browser history management, based on URL fragments. If the
-  // browser does not support `onhashchange`, falls back to polling.
-  var History = Backbone.History = function() {
-    this.handlers = [];
-    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
-  };
-
-  // Cached regex for cleaning leading hashes and slashes .
-  var routeStripper = /^[#\/]/;
-
-  // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
-  var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
-
-  // Has the history handling already been started?
-  History.started = false;
-
-  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
-  _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
-
-    // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
-    // twenty times a second.
-    interval: 50,
-
-    // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
-    // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
-    getHash: function(windowOverride) {
-      var loc = windowOverride ? windowOverride.location : window.location;
-      var match = loc.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
-      return match ? match[1] : '';
-    },
-
-    // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
-    // the hash, or the override.
-    getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) {
-      if (fragment == null) {
-        if (this._hasPushState || forcePushState) {
-          fragment = window.location.pathname;
-          var search = window.location.search;
-          if (search) fragment += search;
-        } else {
-          fragment = this.getHash();
-        }
-      }
-      if (!fragment.indexOf(this.options.root)) fragment = fragment.substr(this.options.root.length);
-      return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
-    },
-
-    // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
-    // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
-    start: function(options) {
-      if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
-      History.started = true;
-
-      // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
-      // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
-      this.options          = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options);
-      this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
-      this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
-      this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && window.history && window.history.pushState);
-      var fragment          = this.getFragment();
-      var docMode           = document.documentMode;
-      var oldIE             = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
-
-      if (oldIE) {
-        this.iframe = $('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1" />').hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
-        this.navigate(fragment);
-      }
-
-      // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
-      // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
-      if (this._hasPushState) {
-        $(window).bind('popstate', this.checkUrl);
-      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
-        $(window).bind('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
-      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
-        this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
-      }
-
-      // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
-      // opened by a non-pushState browser.
-      this.fragment = fragment;
-      var loc = window.location;
-      var atRoot  = loc.pathname == this.options.root;
-
-      // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled browser,
-      // but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
-      if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState && !this._hasPushState && !atRoot) {
-        this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
-        window.location.replace(this.options.root + '#' + this.fragment);
-        // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
-        return true;
-
-      // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
-      // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
-      } else if (this._wantsPushState && this._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) {
-        this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
-        window.history.replaceState({}, document.title, loc.protocol + '//' + loc.host + this.options.root + this.fragment);
-      }
-
-      if (!this.options.silent) {
-        return this.loadUrl();
-      }
-    },
-
-    // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
-    // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
-    stop: function() {
-      $(window).unbind('popstate', this.checkUrl).unbind('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
-      clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
-      History.started = false;
-    },
-
-    // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
-    // may override previous routes.
-    route: function(route, callback) {
-      this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
-    },
-
-    // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
-    // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
-    checkUrl: function(e) {
-      var current = this.getFragment();
-      if (current == this.fragment && this.iframe) current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe));
-      if (current == this.fragment) return false;
-      if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
-      this.loadUrl() || this.loadUrl(this.getHash());
-    },
-
-    // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
-    // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
-    // returns `false`.
-    loadUrl: function(fragmentOverride) {
-      var fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragmentOverride);
-      var matched = _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
-        if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
-          handler.callback(fragment);
-          return true;
-        }
-      });
-      return matched;
-    },
-
-    // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
-    // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
-    // the fragment in advance.
-    //
-    // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
-    // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
-    // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
-    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
-      if (!History.started) return false;
-      if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: options};
-      var frag = (fragment || '').replace(routeStripper, '');
-      if (this.fragment == frag) return;
-
-      // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
-      if (this._hasPushState) {
-        if (frag.indexOf(this.options.root) != 0) frag = this.options.root + frag;
-        this.fragment = frag;
-        window.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, frag);
-
-      // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
-      // fragment to store history.
-      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
-        this.fragment = frag;
-        this._updateHash(window.location, frag, options.replace);
-        if (this.iframe && (frag != this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) {
-          // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a history entry on hash-tag change.
-          // When replace is true, we don't want this.
-          if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
-          this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, frag, options.replace);
-        }
-
-      // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
-      // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
-      } else {
-        window.location.assign(this.options.root + fragment);
-      }
-      if (options.trigger) this.loadUrl(fragment);
-    },
-
-    // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
-    // a new one to the browser history.
-    _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
-      if (replace) {
-        location.replace(location.toString().replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '') + '#' + fragment);
-      } else {
-        location.hash = fragment;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  // Backbone.View
-  // -------------
-
-  // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
-  // if an existing element is not provided...
-  var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
-    this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
-    this._configure(options || {});
-    this._ensureElement();
-    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
-    this.delegateEvents();
-  };
-
-  // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
-  var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
-
-  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
-  var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName'];
-
-  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
-  _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
-
-    // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
-    tagName: 'div',
-
-    // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
-    // current view. This should be prefered to global lookups where possible.
-    $: function(selector) {
-      return this.$el.find(selector);
-    },
-
-    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
-    // initialization logic.
-    initialize: function(){},
-
-    // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
-    // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
-    // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
-    render: function() {
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Remove this view from the DOM. Note that the view isn't present in the
-    // DOM by default, so calling this method may be a no-op.
-    remove: function() {
-      this.$el.remove();
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // For small amounts of DOM Elements, where a full-blown template isn't
-    // needed, use **make** to manufacture elements, one at a time.
-    //
-    //     var el = this.make('li', {'class': 'row'}, this.model.escape('title'));
-    //
-    make: function(tagName, attributes, content) {
-      var el = document.createElement(tagName);
-      if (attributes) $(el).attr(attributes);
-      if (content) $(el).html(content);
-      return el;
-    },
-
-    // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event
-    // re-delegation.
-    setElement: function(element, delegate) {
-      if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents();
-      this.$el = (element instanceof $) ? element : $(element);
-      this.el = this.$el[0];
-      if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents();
-      return this;
-    },
-
-    // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
-    //
-    // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
-    //
-    //     {
-    //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
-    //       'click .button':     'save'
-    //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
-    //     }
-    //
-    // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
-    // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
-    // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
-    // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
-    // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
-    delegateEvents: function(events) {
-      if (!(events || (events = getValue(this, 'events')))) return;
-      this.undelegateEvents();
-      for (var key in events) {
-        var method = events[key];
-        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
-        if (!method) throw new Error('Method "' + events[key] + '" does not exist');
-        var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
-        var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
-        method = _.bind(method, this);
-        eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
-        if (selector === '') {
-          this.$el.bind(eventName, method);
-        } else {
-          this.$el.delegate(selector, eventName, method);
-        }
-      }
-    },
-
-    // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
-    // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
-    // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
-    undelegateEvents: function() {
-      this.$el.unbind('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
-    },
-
-    // Performs the initial configuration of a View with a set of options.
-    // Keys with special meaning *(model, collection, id, className)*, are
-    // attached directly to the view.
-    _configure: function(options) {
-      if (this.options) options = _.extend({}, this.options, options);
-      for (var i = 0, l = viewOptions.length; i < l; i++) {
-        var attr = viewOptions[i];
-        if (options[attr]) this[attr] = options[attr];
-      }
-      this.options = options;
-    },
-
-    // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
-    // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
-    // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
-    // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
-    _ensureElement: function() {
-      if (!this.el) {
-        var attrs = getValue(this, 'attributes') || {};
-        if (this.id) attrs.id = this.id;
-        if (this.className) attrs['class'] = this.className;
-        this.setElement(this.make(this.tagName, attrs), false);
-      } else {
-        this.setElement(this.el, false);
-      }
-    }
-
-  });
-
-  // The self-propagating extend function that Backbone classes use.
-  var extend = function (protoProps, classProps) {
-    var child = inherits(this, protoProps, classProps);
-    child.extend = this.extend;
-    return child;
-  };
-
-  // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, and view.
-  Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = extend;
-
-  // Backbone.sync
-  // -------------
-
-  // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
-  var methodMap = {
-    'create': 'POST',
-    'update': 'PUT',
-    'delete': 'DELETE',
-    'read':   'GET'
-  };
-
-  // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
-  // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
-  // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
-  // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
-  //
-  // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
-  // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
-  // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
-  //
-  // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
-  // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
-  // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
-  // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
-  // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
-  // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
-  Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
-    var type = methodMap[method];
-
-    // Default options, unless specified.
-    options || (options = {});
-
-    // Default JSON-request options.
-    var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
-
-    // Ensure that we have a URL.
-    if (!options.url) {
-      params.url = getValue(model, 'url') || urlError();
-    }
-
-    // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
-    if (!options.data && model && (method == 'create' || method == 'update')) {
-      params.contentType = 'application/json';
-      params.data = JSON.stringify(model.toJSON());
-    }
-
-    // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
-    if (Backbone.emulateJSON) {
-      params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
-      params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
-    }
-
-    // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
-    // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
-    if (Backbone.emulateHTTP) {
-      if (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE') {
-        if (Backbone.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
-        params.type = 'POST';
-        params.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
-          xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
-        };
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
-    if (params.type !== 'GET' && !Backbone.emulateJSON) {
-      params.processData = false;
-    }
-
-    // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
-    return $.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
-  };
-
-  // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
-  Backbone.wrapError = function(onError, originalModel, options) {
-    return function(model, resp) {
-      resp = model === originalModel ? resp : model;
-      if (onError) {
-        onError(originalModel, resp, options);
-      } else {
-        originalModel.trigger('error', originalModel, resp, options);
-      }
-    };
-  };
-
-  // Helpers
-  // -------
-
-  // Shared empty constructor function to aid in prototype-chain creation.
-  var ctor = function(){};
-
-  // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
-  // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
-  // class properties to be extended.
-  var inherits = function(parent, protoProps, staticProps) {
-    var child;
-
-    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
-    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
-    // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
-    if (protoProps && protoProps.hasOwnProperty('constructor')) {
-      child = protoProps.constructor;
-    } else {
-      child = function(){ parent.apply(this, arguments); };
-    }
-
-    // Inherit class (static) properties from parent.
-    _.extend(child, parent);
-
-    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
-    // `parent`'s constructor function.
-    ctor.prototype = parent.prototype;
-    child.prototype = new ctor();
-
-    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
-    // if supplied.
-    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
-
-    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
-    if (staticProps) _.extend(child, staticProps);
-
-    // Correctly set child's `prototype.constructor`.
-    child.prototype.constructor = child;
-
-    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed later.
-    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
-
-    return child;
-  };
-
-  // Helper function to get a value from a Backbone object as a property
-  // or as a function.
-  var getValue = function(object, prop) {
-    if (!(object && object[prop])) return null;
-    return _.isFunction(object[prop]) ? object[prop]() : object[prop];
-  };
-
-  // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
-  var urlError = function() {
-    throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
-  };
-
-}).call(this);