rabbit-slide-hasumikin-RubyConf2021 2021.11.08.1

data/On-a-Keyboard-Ruby-on-Board--PicoRuby-and-PRK-Firmware.rab

@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+= On a Keyboard Ruby on Board
+
+: subtitle
+   PicoRuby and PRK Firmware
+: author
+  hasumikin
+: place
+   RubyConf 2021 / Nov 8-10
+: allotted-time
+   30m
+: theme
+   theme
+
+= HIDE
+Wake up, Ruby...
+
+= HIDE
+The Micon has you...
+
+= HIDE
+Follow the white rabbit.
+
+= HIDE
+\n\n\n\n
+\n\n\n\n
+\n\n
+(('tag:small:Hi!'))
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XXLARGE
+PicoRuby
+\n
+and
+\n
+PRK Firmware
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XLARGE
+PicoRuby
+\n
+is a Ruby interpreter
+\n
+for Microcontorollers
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XLARGE
+PRK Firmware
+\n
+is a keyboard firmware
+\n
+framework in PicoRuby
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XXLARGE
+PRK Firmware
+
+= Hardware became familiar
+  * You can design your PCB even on a web browser
+  * PCB manufacturers are willing to accept your PCB data via the internet
+  * You can receive your PCB or even PCBA (assembled PCB) that arrives from overseas
+
+= When you build a keyboard
+  * You can choose
+    * Keycaps for appearance and touch
+  # image
+  # src = images/keycaps.png
+  # relative_width = 90
+
+(('tag:xx-small'))(('tag:right'))
+https://talpkeyboard.net/?category_id=59be183f428f2d49120007b1
+
+= When you build a keyboard
+  * You can choose
+    * Keycaps for appearance and touch
+    * Switches for touch
+  # image
+  # src = images/switches.png
+  # relative_width = 90
+
+(('tag:xx-small'))(('tag:right'))
+https://talpkeyboard.net/?category_id=59cf8860ed05e668db003f5d
+
+= When you build a keyboard
+  * You can choose
+    * Keycaps for appearance and touch
+    * Switches for touch
+    * Layout for usability and appearance
+  # image
+  # src = images/crkbd_2.jpg
+  # relative_height = 110
+
+= When you build a keyboard
+  * You can choose
+    * Keycaps for appearance and touch
+    * Switches for touch
+    * Layout for usability and appearance
+    * Firmware for programmability
+  # image
+  # src = images/firmware_logos.png
+  # relative_height = 90
+
+= Keyboard firmware
+  * QMK Firmware ... C
+  * KMK Firmware ... Python
+  * PRK Firmware ... ((*Ruby*))
+  # image
+  # src = images/firmware_logos.png
+  # relative_height = 90
+
+= Keyboard firmware
+  # image
+  # src = images/qmk_kmk_prk.png
+  # relative_height = 103
+  # relative_margin_top = 0
+
+= Stargaze at picoruby/prk_firmware!
+  # image
+  # src = images/qmk_kmk_prk_2.png
+  # relative_height = 103
+  # relative_margin_top = 0
+
+= e.g.) picoruby/prk_pipigherkin
+  * Gherkin for the Raspberry Pi Pico
+    * PCB available on talpkeyboard.net
+    * Easy to explain but ((*hard for newbies*)) to build
+
+  # image
+  # src = images/pipigherkin_2.jpg
+  # relative-height = 90
+
+(('tag:right'))\n\n
+(('tag:xx-small:https://www.40percent.club/2021/02/pipi-gherkin.html'))
+
+= e.g.) prk_pipigherkin/keymap.rb
+  # enscript ruby
+  # Initialize Keyboard
+  kbd = Keyboard.new
+  # Initialize GPIO pins
+  kbd.init_pins(
+    [ 12, 11, 10, 9, 8 ], # row0, row1,... respectively
+    [ 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 ]  # col0, col1,... respectively
+  )
+
+= e.g.) prk_pipigherkin/keymap.rb
+  # enscript ruby
+  # Default keymap
+  kbd.add_layer :default, %i(
+    KC_Q      KC_W    KC_E        KC_R    KC_T      KC_Y      KC_U      KC_I     KC_O     KC_P
+    KC_A      KC_S    KC_D        KC_F    KC_G      KC_H      KC_J      KC_K     KC_L     KC_BSPACE
+    Z_LSFT    X_LGUI  C_LALT      V_LCTL  SPC_LOWER ENT_RAISE B_RCTL    N_RALT   M_RGUI   UNDS_RSFT
+  )
+  kbd.add_layer :raise, %i(
+    KC_EXLM   KC_AT   KC_HASH     KC_DLR  KC_PERC   KC_CIRC   KC_AMPR   KC_ASTER KC_EQUAL KC_PLUS
+    KC_LABK   KC_LCBR KC_LBRACKET KC_LPRN KC_MINUS  KC_LEFT   KC_DOWN   KC_UP    KC_RIGHT KC_BSPACE
+    KC_RABK   KC_RCBR KC_RBRACKET KC_RPRN ADJUST    ENT_RAISE KC_BSLASH KC_COMMA KC_DOT   KC_SLASH
+  )
+  kbd.add_layer :lower, %i(
+    KC_1      KC_2    KC_3        KC_4    KC_5      KC_6      KC_7      KC_8     KC_9     KC_0
+    KC_TAB    KC_NO   KC_QUOTE    KC_DQUO KC_MINUS  KC_GRAVE  KC_TILD   KC_PIPE  KC_COLON KC_SCOLON
+    KC_ESCAPE KC_LGUI KC_LALT     KC_LCTL SPC_LOWER ADJUST    KC_RCTL   KC_RALT  KC_RGUI  KC_RSFT
+  )
+  # Mode keys
+  kbd.define_mode_key :Z_LSFT,    [ :KC_Z,     :KC_LSFT, 150, 150 ]
+  # ...
+  kbd.define_mode_key :UNDS_RSFT, [ :KC_UNDS,  :KC_RSFT, 200, 150 ]
+  kbd.define_mode_key :ENT_RAISE, [ :KC_ENTER, :raise,   150, 150 ]
+  kbd.define_mode_key :SPC_LOWER, [ :KC_SPACE, :lower,   300, 250 ]
+
+= picoruby/prk_firmware/releases
+  # image
+  # src = images/release.png
+  # relative-height = 95
+
+= Install into the microcontroller
+  * Connect USB cable while\npressing "boot button"
+  * RPI-RP2 will be mounted\nas storage, then
+
+  # image
+  # align = right
+  # src = images/boot_button_1.png
+  # relative-height = 83
+  # relative_margin_left = 7
+  # relative_margin_top = -3
+
+(('tag:right'))
+(('tag:xx-small'))\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
+https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/rp2040/getting-started
+
+= Install into the microcontroller
+  # image
+  # src = images/promicro_rp2040_boot_button.png
+  # relative-height = 80
+
+(('tag:center'))Boot button on Pro Micro RP2040
+
+= Install into the microcontroller
+  # image
+  # src = images/drag_and_drop_1.png
+  # relative-height = 95
+
+= A new drive automatically mounted
+\n
+(('tag:xx-large'))😎
+
+  # image
+  # align = right
+  # src = images/msc.png
+  # relative-height = 95
+  # relative_margin_left = 5
+
+= ((*Drag & drop keymap.rb*))
+  # image
+  # src = images/drag_and_drop_2.png
+  # relative-height = 95
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER XXLARGE TITLE
+(('tag:small:T     H     E'))
+\n
+KEYMAP
+\n
+RELOADED
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XLARGE
+Unlike QMK Firmware,\n
+You don't need\n
+to ((*compile*))\n
+anything!
+
+= Demonstrations
+  # image
+  # src = images/meishi2.jpg
+  # relative-height = 60
+
+* meishi keypad
+  * meishi means "name card"
+  * Four keys macro pad
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XLARGE
+Fibonacci number
+\n
+(DEMO)
+
+= Fibonacci in keymap.rb
+  # enscript ruby
+  class Fibonacci
+    def initialize
+      @a = 0 ; @b = 1
+    end
+    # Omits F0 and F1
+    def take
+      result = @a + @b
+      @a = @b
+      @b = result
+    end
+  end
+  fibonacci = Fibonacci.new
+  kbd.define_mode_key :FIBONACCI,
+                      [ Proc.new { kbd.macro fibonacci.take },
+                      :KC_NO, 300, nil ]
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XLARGE
+Password generator
+\n
+(DEMO)
+
+= Password generator in keymap.rb
+  # enscript ruby
+  class Password
+    def initialize(c = nil)
+      @c = c || 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_!@#$%^&*()=-+/[]{}<>'
+    end
+    def generate
+      unless @srand
+        srand(board_millis) # generate rand()'s seed by board_millis
+        @srand = true
+      end
+      password = ""
+      while true
+        i = rand % 100
+        password << @c[i].to_s
+        break if password.length == 8
+      end
+      return password
+    end
+  end
+  passwd = Password.new
+  kbd.define_mode_key :PASSWD,
+                      [ Proc.new { kbd.macro passwd.generate, [] },
+                        :KC_NO, 300, nil ]
+
+(('tag:center'))(('tag:x-small:Use it at your own risk'))
+
+= Extend your keyboard
+\n
+If you wanna input ((*";"*)) with SHIFT and ((*":"*)) without SHIFT,
+
+  # enscript ruby
+  kbd.before_report do
+    kbd.invert_sft if kbd.keys_include?(:KC_SCOLON)
+  end
+
+(('tag:center'))
+You no longer need to modify .vimrc
+
+= Extend your keyboard
+  # enscript ruby
+  class Keyboard
+    def invert_ctl
+      #      KC_LCTL: 0b00000001 👈
+      #      KC_LSFT: 0b00000010
+      #      KC_LALT: 0b00000100
+      #      KC_LGUI: 0b00001000
+      #      KC_RCTL: 0b00010000 👈
+      #      KC_RSFT: 0b00100000
+      #      KC_RALT: 0b01000000
+      #      KC_RGUI: 0b10000000
+      if (@modifier & 0b00010001) > 0
+         @modifier &= 0b11101110
+      else
+         @modifier |= 0b00000001
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  kbd.before_report do
+    kbd.invert_ctl if kbd.keys_include?(:KC_V)
+  end
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XLARGE
+Ruby-mode key
+\n
+(DEMO)
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER XXLARGE TITLE
+(('tag:small:T     H     E'))
+\n
+KEYBOARD
+\n
+REVOLUTIONS
+
+= Micon of PRK Firmware
+  * Target MCU is "RP2040"
+    * Raspberry Silicon
+    * Implemented on Raspberry Pi Pico
+    * 264KB RAM
+    * Arm 32bit Cortex-M0+ (dual)
+
+(('tag:right'))
+(('tag:xx-small'))
+\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
+https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1301670.html
+
+  # image
+  # src = images/rpi_pico.jpg
+  # align = right
+  # relative-height = 90
+  # relative_margin_left = 2
+
+= Micon of PRK Firmware
+  * RP2040 assembled\non Pro Micro\n((*SPARKFUN*))\n((*PRO MICRO - RP2040*))\n[model no. DEV-18288]
+
+  # image
+  # src = images/promicro_rp2040.jpg
+  # align = right
+  # relative-height = 85
+  # relative_margin_left = 10
+
+(('tag:right'))\n\n\n\n
+(('tag:xx-small:https://www.sparkfun.com/products/18288'))
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XXLARGE
+PicoRuby
+
+= https://ruby.or.jp/en
+  # image
+  # src = images/RAGrant.png
+  # relative_width = 94
+
+= Multitasking
+  # image
+  # src = images/Multitasking.png
+  # relative_width = 100
+  # relative_margin_top = 0
+
+= Multitasking
+  # image
+  # src = images/Multitasking_sandbox.png
+  # relative_width = 100
+  # relative_margin_top = 0
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER XXLARGE TITLE
+(('tag:small:T     H     E'))
+\n
+RUBY
+\n
+RESURRECTIONS
+
+= Architecture
+  # image
+  # src = images/architecture_1.png
+  # relative_width = 100
+  # relative_margin_top = 0
+
+* An mruby app generally consists of ((*VM code*)) and ((*VM*))
+  * mruby-compiler has somehow big footprint
+  * It isn't assumed to be embedded
+
+= Architecture
+  # image
+  # src = images/architecture_2.png
+  # relative_width = 100
+  # relative_margin_top = 0
+
+* Technically, you can embed also ((*Ruby script*)) and ((*mruby-compiler*))
+  * It makes sense if the computing resource is big enough
+
+= Architecture
+  # image
+  # src = images/architecture_3.png
+  # relative_width = 100
+  # relative_margin_top = 0
+
+* mruby/c is a smaller VM for one-chip microcontrollers
+  * Naturally, we don't embed mruby-compiler with it
+
+= Architecture
+  # image
+  # src = images/architecture_4.png
+  # relative_width = 100
+  # relative_margin_top = 0
+
+(('tag:center:PicoRuby = PicoRuby-compiler + mruby/cVM'))
+
+= Architecture
+* As you know, the syntax of Ruby is complicated
+* Easy to imagine that a Ruby compiler consumes large memory
+
+= Architecture
+* You might think that you can use a microcontroller that has a big RAM
+* The answer is "Yes and No"
+  * You should do it if you can
+* The bigger RAM, the bigger electric energy consumption
+* The bigger resource, the more expensive in general
+
+= To make a small Ruby compiler
+* mruby-compiler depends on mruby
+  * The main reason for big footprint
+  * PicoRuby compiler should be coded from scratch
+* To make PicoRuby compiler small
+  * Every fine logic should be minimal
+  * Lemon parser generator instead of Bison/Yacc
+    * A part of SQLite project
+
+= RAM consumption
+  $ valgrind                \
+     --tool=massif          \
+     --stacks=yes           \
+     mrbc hello_world.rb
+
+  $ valgrind                \
+     --tool=massif          \
+     --stacks=yes           \
+     picorbc hello_world.rb
+
+  $ ms_print massif.out.xxx | less
+
+= hello_world.rb (20 bytes)
+\n\n\n\n
+(('tag:center:puts "Hello World!"'))
+
+= mrbc hello_world.rb -> 133.5 KB
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Command:            mrbc hello_world.rb
+  Massif arguments:   --stacks=yes
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      KB
+  133.5^                                                                     #
+      |                                                                     #
+      |                                                                     #
+      |                                                                     #
+      |                                                                     #
+      |                                                                     #
+      |                                                                     #
+      |                                                                     #
+      |                                                                     #
+      |                                                                @:::@#:
+      |                                             :::@:::::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |                       ::::::@:::::@::@:::@::@::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |                @@@@::::::: :@:: ::@::@: :@: @::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |                @   :: :::: :@:: ::@::@: :@: @::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |                @   :: :::: :@:: ::@::@: :@: @::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |                @   :: :::: :@:: ::@::@: :@: @::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |                @   :: :::: :@:: ::@::@: :@: @::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |                @   :: :::: :@:: ::@::@: :@: @::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |                @   :: :::: :@:: ::@::@: :@: @::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+      |               @@   :: :::: :@:: ::@::@: :@: @::@:: ::::@:::@:::@:::@#::
+    0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->ki
+      0                                                                   936.3
+
+= picorbc hello_world.rb -> 16.98 KB
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Command:            picorbc hello_world.rb
+  Massif arguments:   --stacks=yes
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      KB
+  16.98^                                                       #
+      |                                                   @::@# :::@::  @
+      |                                                  :@::@#::::@::::@ :::
+      |                                                  :@::@#::::@::::@::::
+      |                                                  :@::@#::::@::::@::::
+      |                                                  :@::@#::::@::::@::::
+      |                                                  :@::@#::::@::::@::::
+      |                                                  :@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |                                                  :@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |                                                  :@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |                                               @@::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |                                               @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |                                               @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |        ::                                     @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |        :  :                                   @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |        :  :                                   @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |        : ::                                   @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |        : ::                                   @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |        : ::                                   @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@
+      |       :: :: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::@:::@: @ ::@::@#::::@::::@::::@:
+    0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->ki
+      0                                                                   222.0
+
+= keymap.rb of meish2 (2388 bytes)
+  #enscript ruby
+  while !$mutex
+    relinquish
+  end
+  kbd = Keyboard.new
+  kbd.init_pins(
+    [ 6, 7 ],   # row0, row1
+    [ 28, 27 ]  # col0, col1
+  )
+  kbd.add_layer :default, %i[ RUBY_GUI  KC_1    RAISE_ENTER LOWER_SPACE  ]
+  kbd.add_layer :raise,   %i[ FIBONACCI PASSWD  RAISE_ENTER ADJUST       ]
+  kbd.add_layer :lower,   %i[ KC_E      KC_F    RAISE_ENTER LOWER_SPACE) ]
+  kbd.add_layer :adjust,  %i[ KC_SCOLON KC_LSFT RAISE_ENTER ADJUST       ]
+  kbd.define_mode_key :RAISE_ENTER, [ :KC_ENTER,             :raise,   200, 150 ]
+  kbd.define_mode_key :LOWER_SPACE, [ :KC_SPACE,             :lower,   300, 400 ]
+  kbd.define_mode_key :ADJUST,      [ nil,                   :adjust,  nil, nil ]
+  kbd.define_mode_key :RUBY_GUI,    [ Proc.new { kbd.ruby }, :KC_RGUI, 300, nil ]
+  class Fibonacci
+    def initialize
+      @a = 0 ; @b = 1
+    end
+    def take
+      result = @a + @b
+      @a = @b
+      @b = result
+    end
+  end
+  fibonacci = Fibonacci.new
+  kbd.define_mode_key :FIBONACCI, [ Proc.new { kbd.macro fibonacci.take }, :KC_NO, 300, nil ]
+  class Password
+    def initialize
+      @c = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_!@#$%^&*()=-+/[]{}<>'
+    end
+    def generate
+      unless @srand
+        # generate seed with board_millis
+        srand(board_millis)
+        @srand = true
+      end
+      password = ""
+      while true
+        i = rand % 100
+        password << @c[i].to_s
+        break if password.length == 8
+      end
+      return password
+    end
+  end
+  password = Password.new
+  kbd.define_mode_key :PASSWD, [ Proc.new { kbd.macro password.generate, [] }, :KC_NO, 300, nil ]
+  kbd.before_report do
+    kbd.invert_sft if kbd.keys_include?(:KC_SCOLON)
+  end
+  kbd.start!
+
+= mrbc keymap.rb -> 206.1 KB
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Command:            mrbc keymap.rb
+  Massif arguments:   --stacks=yes
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      KB
+  206.1^                                                                    ##
+      |                                                                   @#
+      |                                                                   @#
+      |                                                                   @#
+      |                                                                   @#
+      |                                                                   @#
+      |                                                                  :@#
+      |                                                                  :@#
+      |                                                                  :@#
+      |                                                               ::::@#
+      |                                                               :: :@# :
+      |                                           @::::::::::::::::::::: :@# :
+      |                                           @::: :: ::: : :: ::::: :@# :
+      |                                     @:::::@::: :: ::: : :: ::::: :@# :
+      |                   ::::::::@@::::::::@:: : @::: :: ::: : :: ::::: :@# ::
+      |          @@::::::::: : :: @ :: : :: @:: : @::: :: ::: : :: ::::: :@# ::
+      |          @ : :: : :: : :: @ :: : :: @:: : @::: :: ::: : :: ::::: :@# ::
+      |          @ : :: : :: : :: @ :: : :: @:: : @::: :: ::: : :: ::::: :@# ::
+      |          @ : :: : :: : :: @ :: : :: @:: : @::: :: ::: : :: ::::: :@# ::
+      |          @ : :: : :: : :: @ :: : :: @:: : @::: :: ::: : :: ::::: :@# ::
+    0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->Mi
+      0                                                                   1.476
+
+= picorbc keymap.rb -> 61.98 KB
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Command:            picorbc keymap.rb
+  Massif arguments:   --stacks=yes
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      KB
+  61.98^                                                                       #
+      |                                                                      @#
+      |                                                                   @ @@#
+      |                                                                  @@:@@#
+      |                                                          :   @   @@:@@#
+      |                                                       @::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |                                                   :   @::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |                                           @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |                                           @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |                                 ::::@:::::@@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |                                 ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |                    @@@:::   ::::::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |                    @@ :::@::::: ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |          @:::: ::::@@ :::@::::: ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      |          @:::::::: @@ :::@::::: ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      | @@: :::::@:::::::: @@ :::@::::: ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      | @ ::: :::@:::::::: @@ :::@::::: ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      | @ ::: :::@:::::::: @@ :::@::::: ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      | @ ::: :::@:::::::: @@ :::@::::: ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+      | @ ::: :::@:::::::: @@ :::@::::: ::: @: :: @@:@:::@::::@::::@:@:::@@:@@#
+    0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->Mi
+       0                                                                   7.101
+
+= Summary
+  #                 script size     mrbc      picorbc
+  ====================================================
+  hello_world.rb       20 bytes   133.5 KB    16.98 KB
+  ----------------------------------------------------
+  keymap.rb(meishi2) 2388 bytes   206.1 KB    61.98 KB
+  ----------------------------------------------------
+
+(('tag:center'))
+(('tag:small'))
+Note: Figures are measured in 64 bit Ubuntu
+
+= Implementation
+* Depending on only libc and less
+* Considering paddings and Pooled allocation
+* Freeing heap memory in a loop instead of recursion
+
+= Depending on only libc and less
+  * glibc for desktop/server application
+    * newlib for embedded application
+      * Small code size
+      * Doesn't have regex.c
+
+  # image
+  # src = images/regex_light.png
+  # relative_width = 80
+
+= Padding in a struct
+  struct LinkedList {
+    struct LinkedList *next;  // 4 bytes (in 32-bit architecture)
+    uint8_t           value;  // 1 byte
+  }
+  
+  sizeof(LinkedList);
+  => 5 🙅 No
+  => 8 🙆 Yes
+
+(('tag:center'))
+(('tag:small'))
+✔Data structure alignment (at least in C99)\n
+pointer[4] + uint8_t[1] + ((*padding[3]*)) = sum[8]\n
+👉You need to pack them well
+
+= Paddings waste memomy
+  # enscript c
+  LinkedList *top;
+  (...)
+  top->next->next->next->next; // 5 items in the list
+
+* Consumes 40 bytes to store 5 values of uint8_t
+* Total size of pointers will be 1 KB if there are 250 items in a list
+
+(('tag:center'))
+\nPooled allocation 💡
+
+= Pooled allocation
+  # enscript bash
+                                                         [n]: bytes
+
+  *next[4] -----------> *next[4] -----------> *next[4] ------------>
+  size[2]               size[2]               size[2]
+  index[2]              index[2]              index[2]
+  data[sizeof(Data)]    data[sizeof(Data)]    data[sizeof(Data)]
+  data[sizeof(Data)]    data[sizeof(Data)]    data[sizeof(Data)]
+  ...                   ...                   ...
+  data[sizeof(Data)]    data[sizeof(Data)]    data[sizeof(Data)]
+
+* Reduces paddings of data structure alignment
+* Reduces the number of pointers
+* Reduces fragmentation
+
+= Before improvement -> 53.20 KB
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Massif arguments:   --stacks=yes
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      KB
+  53.20^                                                                 #      
+       |                                                                 #      
+       |                                                                @#  ::: 
+       |                                                                @#  : : 
+       |                                                                @#  : : 
+       |                                                               @@#  : : 
+       |                                                               @@# :: : 
+       |                                                               @@#::: : 
+       |                                                               @@#::: : 
+       |                                                           @@::@@#::: : 
+       |                                                           @@: @@#::: : 
+       |                                               @@:@:::@::::@@: @@#::: ::
+       |                                         @::@::@ :@:: @:: :@@: @@#::: ::
+       |                                 @:::@@@:@::@: @ :@:: @:: :@@: @@#::: ::
+       |                           @@:@::@:: @@ :@::@: @ :@:: @:: :@@: @@#::: ::
+       |                       ::@@@ :@: @:: @@ :@::@: @ :@:: @:: :@@: @@#::: ::
+       |             :::::: :::::@ @ :@: @:: @@ :@::@: @ :@:: @:: :@@: @@#::: ::
+       |      :::::@@:: :::::: ::@ @ :@: @:: @@ :@::@: @ :@:: @:: :@@: @@#::: ::
+       |      : :: @ :: :::::: ::@ @ :@: @:: @@ :@::@: @ :@:: @:: :@@: @@#::: ::
+       |      : :: @ :: :::::: ::@ @ :@: @:: @@ :@::@: @ :@:: @:: :@@: @@#::: ::
+     0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->Mi
+       0                                                                   1.616
+
+= After improvement -> 24.21 KB
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Massif arguments:   --stacks=yes
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      KB
+  24.21^                                                                #
+       |                                                        @ @:@:@:#
+       |                                                    @:@@@:@:@:@:#:     @
+       |                                               @@:::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |                                               @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |                                               @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |                                               @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |                                               @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @@:::::::::::::::@::::: ::::@::@::::::@ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |         @ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+       |     ::::@ ::::::: :::: : @:: ::@:: :@::@:: :: @ :::@:@@@:@:@:@:#::::::@
+     0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->Mi
+       0                                                                   1.082
+
+= Freeing in a loop
+* Freeing long linked list in recursion causes "stack spike"
+  * Because the call stack becomes deep until the recursive call reaches the bottom of the list
+* Freeing in a loop instead of recursion
+  * The call stack doesn't stack up at the cost of a bit complicated code
+
+= Summary
+  #                 script size     mrbc      picorbc
+  ====================================================
+  hello_world.rb       20 bytes   133.5 KB    16.98 KB
+  ----------------------------------------------------
+  keymap.rb(meishi2) 2388 bytes   206.1 KB    61.98 KB
+  ----------------------------------------------------
+
+(('tag:center'))
+(('tag:x-small:Note: Figures are measured in 64 bit Ubuntu'))
+\n\n
+(('tag:large:Finally, I could make'))\n(('tag:large:PicoRuby work on the Micon!'))
+
+= VCENTER HCENTER XXLARGE
+The (('del:Matrix')) Micon
+\n
+is Everywhere.
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER XXLARGE TITLE
+On a Keyboard
+\n
+Ruby on Board
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER MONO
+(('tag:x-small:written and presented by'))
+\n
+HASUMIKIN
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER MONO
+(('tag:x-small:supported by'))
+\n
+RUBY ASSOCIATION (('tag:x-small:and')) MONSTARLAB
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER MONO
+(('tag:x-small:mentor'))
+\n
+MATZ
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER MONO
+(('tag:x-small:follow the'))
+  # image
+  # src = images/picoruby.png
+  # relative_width = 20
+
+= HCENTER VCENTER MONO
+(('tag:x-small:an')) ESSENTIALLY RUBY (('tag:x-small:production'))